Studies in Indian Philosophy

SR No.: 001580
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Dalsukh Malvania, Nagin J Shah
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Publication Year: 1981
Total Pages: 352
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Philosophy, Epistemology, & Religion
File Size: 21 MB

Page 124

Ou reasoning from anvaya...
hold for two entities in all instances, so that (2) a When X occurs, Y is absent.
b. When X is absent. Y occurs. do not hold, one is entitled to conclude that X is the cause of Y or that Y is a property of X. Further, if X and Y are identical, it is not only the case that all the properties of one should pertain to the other, but that (la) and (1b') also should hold, where X and Y are interchanged. Of course, (2a') and (26'), with X and Y again interchanged, should not hold. Such reasoning is used by Advaitins to demonstrate that things one is apt to consider oneself, such as the physical body, are not truly the self (ātman), that this is, instead, a pure conscious intelligence. The discrimination thus obtained between what is and is not the self is necessary if one is to grasp the import of a mabāvākya such as (7), which teaches that the inner self and the ultimate Self, Brahman, are not distinct but one and the same. In addition, reasoning from anvaya and vyatireka is used to show that given meanings pertain to given terms. The claims that early Advaitins' uses of anvaya and vyatireka differ from the mode of reasoning described above is not justified by the evidence.
Notes
1
For example, Nyāyasūtravārttika (Nyāyadarśana of Gautama with the Bhāşya of Vātsyāyana, the Vārttika of Uddyotakara, the Tātparyaţikā of Vācaspati and the Parisuddhi of Udayana, volume 1, chapter 1, edited by Anantalal Thakur; Darbhanga : Mithila Institute, 1967), p. 152: कारणं हि नाम तस्य तद् भवति यस्मिन् सति यद् भवति यस्मिंचासति यन्न भवति ।
On the use of ceasoning by anvaya and vyatireka in Indian grammar, with parallels from other sāstras, see ALB 31-32 (1967-68): 313-352.
Šankara, Brahmasutrabhāsya (The Brahmasūtra Šānkara Bhāşya with the commentaries Bhāmati, Kalpataru and Parimala, edited by Ananta. kşişna Sastri, second edition, re-edited by Bhārgav Sāstri; Bombay : Nirnaya Sagar Press, 1938), p. 851 : fatfelrafa Hastafa a 7 hafa
तत्तद्धर्मत्वेनाध्यवसीयते ययाग्निधर्मावौष्ण्यप्रकाशौ । SP-13