Jaina Biology

SR No.: 001543
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: J C Sikdar
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Total Pages: 340
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Science, Biology, & Philosophy
File Size: 19 MB

Page 126

(Second Section )
The Higher Invertebrates.
The Higher Invertebrates, e. g. Nupuraka (Annelids ), Gandũpada (arthropods ), Sankha (conchifera ), Suktika (pearl), Sambuka (Helix), mouth and anus, a muscular gut, a well developed circulatory system and a true coelom, a cavity within the mesoderm lined by peritoneum.
Some of the two-sensed animals, namely, Apādika (Vermes)' without lateral appendages, Scolecides ), Nūpuraka (ring-like, with pendants Vermes with unsegmented lateral appendages, Annelids ), Gandūpada (Knotty legged, Arthropoda ) including crustacea, (crabs ), Myriapoda, etc. and Sankha (Conchifera, Lamelli-branchiata ), Suktika (Pearl mussel, Lamelli-branchiata ), Sambuka, (Helix) and Jalūkā (Leeches Annelids)2 and some forms of Mollusca come under the category of the Higher Inverberates.
Besides, some of the three-sensed and four-sensed animals of Jaina Biology mainly fall under the species of the Higher Invertebrates.
According to modern Biology, the Higher Invertebrates comprise the Annelids, Arthropods, Molluscs and Echinoderms3.
“Of these four-phyla, only the arthropods are very successful terrestrial animals. It is true that the earth worm is a terrestrial animal, but most annelids are marine ; there are a few land snails, but most molluscs (Śambuka ) live in the sea ; all the echinoderms are marine4 “ of the five classes of arthropods, one, the crustacea - crabs, lobsters, and so on-is largely marine, but the other four insects, spiders, centipedes and millipedes are mostly territorial”5. 1. Biology. p. 209.
Pannavanä 1.56.; Tāttvārthadhigama Sūtra 11. :4. 2. Pannavana 1.56.
; Tattvārthādhigama Sūtra. II. 24. "Tad yatha Krmyädināṁ Apädikanūpuraka - Gandūpada - Sankha - Suktika-sam
būka - Jalūkā - prabhștinām, etc." 3. Biology. p. 209. 4. Biology. p. 209 S. ibid.
Knotty / legged two-sensed animals (Gandūpada) (Crustacea. Myriapodā. etc. of Ardhropoda ) come under the Higher Invertebraces, T.S. II. 24. The Higher Invertebrates-Insects/, (such as, Pipilika Ants) etc. are mentioned as the three-sensed animals, spiders ( Nandyāvartás ) as foursensed aminals and Centipedes ( satapadi ) as three-seosed animals in Jaina Biology, scc Tattvärthadhigama Sūtra II. 24.