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58
SOME PROBLEMS IN JAINA PSYCHOLOGY
not possible in those days. Modern physiologists say that the vision is far more complex than any other sense organ. We may take the example of the anatomy of the human eye for comparison. Fig. 1 shows the comparative picture of the anatomy of the human eye according to the modern physiological and the Jaina view.23 The outer layer
Fig. 1 ScleraChoroid---
Retina Upper eyelid --W U Aqueous humour
IrisCornea
LensZonula ciliaris Lower eyelid
Optic Vitreous humour
nerve
ST
DRAVYENDRIYA
ANTARANGA
Includes aqueous humour and
choroid coat.
BAHIRANGA Upakarana includes protective cover. Includes eyelids and
sclerotic coat. Nivytti of Dravyendriya is compared to the matter that surrounds the internal part. Iris may be
included in this.
Shows the physiological internal composition of the sense organ. It includes retina, vitreous
humour and lens.
of the material sense organ of the eye consists of a tough resistant material which is termed sclera. This material gives substance to the eye-ball. The most forward part of the sclera is transparent. It is called cornea. It is a tough resistant material which permits the passage of light rays and protects the eye. The eye-lids and the sclera may
23 Langley and Cheraskin. The Physiology of Man p. 97, and Human Senses by Geldard.
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