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166
QUALITIES AND MODES
two atoms etc. are the receptacle of atoms which constitute the molecules and these also possess qualities. Therefore, these have been excluded by the qualification 'without attributes.'
Some say that modes like the pitcher also have substance as their substratum and are without qualities. So qualities would apply to these modes also. But it is not so. Dravyāśrayā (substance as substratum) implies that qualities reside permanently in substance because of the qualifying word permanently understood. Hence modes are excluded'. For modes are occasional.
The word pariņāma has been used several times. What is the meaning of pariņāma ? तद्भावः परिणामः
ill 82 11 Tadbhāvaḥ pariņāmaḥ
(42) 42. The condition (change) of a substance is a mode. · Or in some system the view prevails that qualities are separate from substance. 'Is that acceptable to you?' 'No,' says the commentator. From the point of view of signification etc., these qualities are different from substance. Yet these are not different from substance, as they partake of the nature of substance, and are not found without substance. If it is so, what is a mode? It is explained as follows. Whatever condition or form a substance such as the medium of motion takes, that condition or form is called a mode. It is of two kinds, without a beginning and with a beginning. From the general point of view, facilitating movement in the case of the medium of motion is beginningless. The same is with a beginning from a particular point of view.
1 Modes like the pitcher are not permanently associated with substance as qualities.
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