________________
DEFINITION OF SUBSTANCE
129
later that the space-points are innumerable and are neither numerable nor infinite.
Besides these are called bodies in order to ipdicate that there is no multitude of space-points in time. Time is desoribed later. To exclude space-points to time, the word 'body' (multitude) is mentioned here. The atom (the smallest indivisible unit) is of the extent it pervades (i. e. one space-point), and it has no second space-point. Hence the atom is said to have no space-point. Similarly, the atom of time too is of the extent of one space-point, and so it is said to have no spacepoint.
These are called by the general name of non-soul, as the characteristic mark of the soul is absent in these. The partioular names dharma, adharma, ākāśa and pudgala are Jains terminology.
The word 'substances' (dravyas) has been used in previous sutras. What are substances ?
द्रव्याणि
IN Dravyāni . 2. These (four) are substances (dravyas).
That, which is attained through its own, or attains its own, modifications without violating its nature, is a substance. Some say that substance (dravya) is that which possesses substanceneggs (dravyatva ), but their separate existence is not proved. The association of the stick and the man takes place, as they exist separately. But the substance and its quality do not exist separately in that manner. If there can be union even of two things which do not exist separately, there can be union of a non-existent lotus and the sky, and of a normal person and a second head. If separate existence is admitted, then the invention of the quality of a substance (substanceness) is useless.
Some others say that a collection of qualities is a substance. Even then, if there be no distinction between the qualities and
1 That is, if union is admitted between two things which do not exist separately, then there must be lotuses in the sky and men with two heads. But these are not seen.
(2)
17
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
