Jaina Philosophy

SR No.: 001180
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Mohanlal Mehta
Publisher: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
Publication Year: 1998
Total Pages: 328
Language: English
Classification: Book_English & Philosophy
File Size: 15 MB

Page 81

JAINA PHILOSOPHY : AN INTRODUCTION
1. Jāvāstikāya -- Extensive, conscious, non-material
substance. 2. Pudgalāstikāya - Extensive, non-conscious, material
substance. 3. Dharmāstikāya - Extensive, non-conscious, non-material
substance in the from of the medium of motion. 4. Adharmāstikāya - Extensive, non-conscious, non-material
substance in the form of the medium of rest. 5. Ākāśāstikāya - Extensive, non-conscious, non-material
substance in the form of space. 6. Addhāsamaya (kāla)- Non-extensive, non-conscious, non
material substance (time). Now, we propose to explain each of these substances in detail. Jīvāstikāya :
The fundamental characteristic of 'jīva' is 'upayoga'.' Because of its formlessness it cannot be perceived by the senseorgans. It can be known by introspection and inference. Now, what is 'upayoga'? The criterion of'upayoga' is consciousness. In the technical language of Jainism, this consciousness is called 'bodha.' When this 'bodha' is evolved in a particular fashion, it becomes knowledge. To explain the term 'upayoga' it is further mentioned that upayoga is of two kinds : determinate and indeterminate.? Determinate upayoga is further divided into eight categories. These categories are : mati-jñāna, śruta-jñāna, avadhi-jñāna, manaḥ-paryāya- jñāna, kevalajñāna, mati-ajñāna, śruta-ajñāna and avadhi-ajñāna (vibhanga-jñāna). Indeterminate upayoga is divided into four categories. They are : Cakşurdarśana, acakşurdarśana, avadhi-darśana and kevala-darśana. According to Jainism, there are infinite jīvas in the universe and each Jiva has
1. Upavogo laksanam ----Tattvärtha-sútra, II. 8. 2. Sa dvividhostacaturbhedah - Ibid., U. 9.