Agam 15 Upang 04 Pragnapana Sutra Part 02

SR No.: 001064
Original Sutra Author: Shyamacharya
Author: Punyavijay, Dalsukh Malvania, Amrutlal Bhojak
Publisher: Mahavir Jain Vidyalay
Publication Year: 1971
Total Pages: 934
Language: Prakrit
Classification: Book_Devnagari, Agam, Canon, Metaphysics, & agam_pragyapana
File Size: 16 MB

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possesses sammāsambodhi, like the one who possesses paccekabodhi, attains the enlightenment without depending upon the preachings of some spiritual teacher but he, unlike the latter, is efficient in helping others to attain enlightenment. Again, he possesses those very qualifications which a Jaina tirthankara possesses. In common parlance we know him by the name Buddha.13
Souls in Bondage
In the first Pada of Prajñāpana the divisions and sub-divisions of souls in bondage are enumerated after having described the liberated souls. The divisions are mainly based on the number of sense-organs which the souls have. The sub-divisions are made on the basis of subtleness or grossness and full development or otherwise of their bodies. Again, they are divided on the basis of the different types of births. There are three types of birthsby spontaneous generation (sammurcchima), from the uterus (garbhaja) or by instantaneous rise in special beds (upapada). The living beings possessing one to four sense-organs have sammurcchima type of birth, the sub-human beings possessing five sense-organs and human beings have either garbhaja or sammürcchima type of birth, and infernal and celestial beings have upapäta type of birth. The infernal beings and the spontaneously generated beings (sammürcchima) are necessarily of the neuter sex; those living beings who are born from uterus (garbhaja) can have any of the three sexes, the celestial beings can have any of the two sexes, male or female. Thus the living beings are also divided on the basis of the sexes they have. The living beings possessing five sense-organs are again divided into four classes on the basis of four kinds of transmigratory existence, viz. celestial existence, infernal existence, sub-human existence and human existence. Again, they are divided on the basis of the types of birth-some having garbhaja birth whereas the others having sammurcchima birth. The different principles on the basis of which the human beings are divided into several classes are the countries they live in, customs they follow, professions they pursue, cognitive powers they possess, etc. The divisions of infernal beings and celestial beings are made on the basis of the regions they inhabit.
After having learnt this general information regarding the divisions and sub-divisions of living beings it will be easy for us to understand the table given below. In the table wherever there occur so many divisions, e. g. in the case of vanaspati (vegetation),
13. Introduction to Upasakajanalankara (P.T.S.), p. 16; also the chapter 'Lokuttarasampattiniddes a' of the same work, p. 340,