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________________ yugIna pariveza meM mahAvIra svAmI ke siddhAnta DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Aja sampUrNa vizva azAnta evaM tanAvapUrNa sthiti meM hai| bauddhika vikAsa se prApta vizAla jJAna rAzi aura vaijJAnika takanIka se prApta bhautika sukha-suvidhA evaM Arthika samRddhi manuSya kI AdhyAtmika, mAnasika evaM sAmAjika vipannatA ko dUra nahIM kara pAyI hai| jJAna-vijJAna kI zikSA dene vAle sahasrAdhika mahAvidyAlayoM aura vizvavidyAlayoM ke hote hue bhI Aja kA zikSita mAnava apanI svArthaparatA aura bhoga-lolupatA para viveka evaM saMyama kA aMkuza nahIM lagA pAyA hai| bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kA yaha ambAra bhI usake mAnasa ko santuSTa nahIM kara sakA hai| AvAgamana ke sulabha sAdhanoM ne vizva kI dUrI ko kama kara diyA hai, kintu manuSya- manuSya ke bIca hRdaya kI dUrI Aja jyAdA ho gaI hai| surakSA ke sAdhanoM kI yaha bahulatA Aja bhI usake mana meM abhaya kA vikAsa nahIM kara pAyI hai| Aja bhI manuSya utanA hI AzaMkita, AtaMkita aura AkrAmaka hai, jitanA Adima yuga meM rahA hogA / mAtra itanA hI nahIM, Aja vidhvaMsakArI zastroM ke nirmANa ke sAtha usakI yaha AkrAmaka vRtti adhika vinAzakArI bana gayI hai aura Aja zastra-nirmANa kI isa andhI daur3a meM sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI antyeSTi kI sAmagrI taiyAra kI jA rahI hai| Arthika sampannatA kI isa avasthA meM bhI manuSya utanA hI arthalolupa hai jitanA ki vaha Adima yuga meM kabhI rahA hogaa| Aja manuSya kI isa arthalolupatA ne mAnava jAti ko zoSaka aura zoSita ke do aise vargoM meM bA~Ta diyA hai jo eka-dUsare ko pUrI taraha nigala jAne kI taiyArI kara rahe haiN| eka mogAkAMkSA aura tRSNA kI daur3a meM pAgala hai, to dUsarA peTa kI jvAlA ko zAnta karane ke lie vyagra aura vikSubdha / Aja vizva meM vaijJAnika takanIka aura Arthika samRddhi kI dRSTi se sabase adhika vikasita rASTra yU. esa. e. mAnasika tanAvoM evaM AparAdhika pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa sabase adhika parezAna hai| isa sambandhI usake A~kar3e caukAne vAle haiN| Aja manuSya kA sabase bar3A durbhAgya to yaha hai ki isa tathAkathita sabhyatA ke vikAsa ke sAtha usakI Adima yuga kI eka sahaja, sarala evaM svAbhAvika jIvana-zailI bhI usase china gayI hai| Aja jIvana ke hara kSetra meM ------------ AkAzavANI vArANasI se 24-4-94 ko prasArita vArtA /
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________________ 162 kRtrimatA aura choM kA bAhulya hai| usake bhItara usakA 'pazutva' kulAMce bhara rahA hai, kintu bAhara vaha apane ko 'sabhya' dikhAnA cAhatA hai| andara vAsanA kI uddAma jvAlAyeM aura bAhara saccaritratA aura sadAzayatA kA chadma jIvana, yahI Aja ke mAnava-jIvana kI trAsadI hai, pIr3A hai| Asakti, bhogalipsA, bhaya, krodha, svArtha aura kapaTa kI damita mUla pravRttiyoM aura unase janita doSoM ke kAraNa mAnavatA Aja bhI abhizapta hai, Aja vaha dohare saMgharSoM se gujara rahI hai - eka Antarika aura dUsare bAhya / Antarika saMgharSoM ke kAraNa Aja usakA mAnasa tanAvayukta hai - vikSubdha hai, to bAhya saMgharSoM ke kAraNa sAmAjika jIvana azAnta aura asta-vyasta / Aja kA manuSya paramANu takanIka kI bArIkiyoM ko adhika jAnatA hai kintu eka sArthaka sAmaMjasyapUrNa jIvana ke Avazyaka mUlyoM ke prati usakA upekSA bhAva hai| vaijJAnika pragati se samAja ke purAne mUlya Dhaha cuke haiM aura naye mUlyoM kA sRjana abhI ho nahIM pAyA hai| Aja hama mUlya-riktatA kI sthiti meM jI rahe haiM aura mAnavatA naye mUlyoM kI prasava-pIr3A se gujara rahI hai| Aja hama usa kagAra para khar3e haiM jahA~ mAnava-jAti kA sarvanAza hameM pukAra rahA hai| dekheM, isa duHkhada sthiti meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAnta hamArA kyA mArgadarzana kara sakate haiM ? vartamAna mAnava jIvana kI samasyAyeM nimna haiM - 1. mAnasika antarddhanda, 2. sAmAjika evaM jAtIya saMgharSa, 3. vaicArika saMgharSa evaM 4. Arthika saMgharSa / aba hama ina cAroM samasyAoM para bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zikSAoM kI dRSTi se vicAra kara yaha dekheMge ki ve ina samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke kyA upAya prastuta karate haiM ? 1. mAnasika antardvanda manuSya meM upasthita rAgadveSa kI vRttiyA~ aura unase utpanna krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ke Avega hamArI mAnasika samatA ko bhaMga karate haiN| vizeSa rUpa se rAga aura dveSa kI vRtti ke kAraNa hamAre citta meM tanAva utpanna hote haiM aura isI mAnasika tanAva ke kAraNa hamArA bAhya vyavahAra bhI asantulita ho jAtA hai| isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne rAga-dveSa aura kaSAyoM arthAt ahaMkAra, lobha Adi kI vRttiyoM ke vijaya ko Avazyaka mAnA thaa| ve kahate the ki jaba taka vyakti rAga-dveSa se Upara nahIM uTha jAtA hai, taba taka vaha mukti ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| vItarAgatA hI mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM jIvana kA sabase bar3A Adarza hai| isI kI upalabdhi ke lie unhoMne "samabhAva' kI 'sAdhanA' para bala diyaa| yadi mahAvIra kI sAdhanA-paddhati ko eka vAkya meM kahanA ho to hama kaheMge ki vaha samabhAva kI sAdhanA hai| unake vicAroM meM dharma kA ekamAtra lakSaNa hai - smtaa|
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________________ :163 ve kahate haiM ki samatA hI dharma hai | jahA~ samatA hai, vahA~ dharma hai aura jahA~ viSamatAyeM haiM vahIM adharma hai| AcArAMga meM unhoMne kahA thA ki AryajanoM ne samatva kI sAdhanA ko hI dharma batAyA hai| samatva kI yaha sAdhanA tabhI pUrNa hotI hai jabaki vyakti krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha jaise AvegoM para vijaya pAkara rAga-dveSa kI vRtti se Upara uTha jAtA hai| vartamAna yuga meM mAnava-jAti meM jo mAnasika tanAva dina-pratidina bar3ha rahe haiM unakA kAraNa yaha hai ki rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyA~ manuSya para adhika hAvI ho rahI haiN| vastutaH vyakti kI mamatA, Asakti aura tRSNA hI ina tanAvoM kI mUla jar3a hai aura mahAvIra inase Upara uThane kI bAta kaha kara manuSya ko tanAvoM se mukta karane kA upAya sujhAte haiN| AcArAMga meM ve kahate haiM ki jitanA-jitanA mamatva hai utanA-utanA duHkha aura jitanA-jitanA nirmamatva hai utanA hI sukha hai| unake anusAra sukha aura duHkha vastugata nahIM hai. Atmagata hai| ve hamArI mAnasikatA para nirbhara karate haiN| yadi hamArA mana azAnta hai to phira bAhara se sukha-suvidhA kA ambAra bhI hameM sukhI nahIM kara sakatA hai| 2. sAmAjika evaM jAtIya saMgharSa ___ sAmAjika aura jAtIya saMgharSoM ke mUla meM jo pramukha kAraNa rahA hai - vaha yaha hai ki vyakti apane antas meM nihita mamatva va rAga-bhAva ke kAraNa mere parijana, merI jAti, merA dharma, merA rASTra aise saMkucita vicAra vikasita kara apane 'sva' ko saMkucita kara letA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa apane aura parAye kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai phalataH bhAI-bhatIjAvAda, jAtivAda, sAmpradAyikatA Adi kA janma hotA hai| Aja manuSya-manuSya ke bIca sumadhura sambandhoM ke sthApita hone meM yahI vicAra sabase adhika bAdhaka hai| hama apanI rAgAtmakatA ke kAraNa apane 'sva' kI saMkucita sImA banAkara mAnava samAja ko choTe-choTe gheroM meM vibhAjita kara dete haiM phalataH mere aura parAye kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai aura yahI Age calakara sAmAjika saMgharSoM kA kAraNa banatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sandeza thA ki 'sampUrNa mAnava jAti eka hai ( egA maNussajAI ); use jAti, varNa athavA rASTra ke nAma para vibhAjita karanA, yaha mAnavatA ke prati sabase bar3A aparAdha hai| mahAvIra ke anusAra sampUrNa mAnava-jAti ko eka aura pratyeka mAnava ko apane saMmAna banAkara hI hama apane dvArA banAye gae kSudra gheroM se Upara uTha sakate haiM aura tabhI mAnavatA kA kalyANa sambhava hogaa| bhArata meM Aja jo jAtigata saMgharSa cala rahe haiM usake pIche mUlataH jAtigata mamatva evaM ahaMkAra kI bhAvanA hI kArya kara rahI hai| mahAvIra kA kahanA thA ki jAti yA kula kA ahaMkAra mAnavatA kA sabase bar3A zatru hai| kisI jAti yA kula meM janma lene mAtra se koI vyakti mahAna nahIM hotA hai apitu vaha mahAna
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________________ 164 hotA hai apane sadAcAra se evaM apane tapa-tyAga se| mahattva jAti vizeSa meM janma lene kA nahIM sadAcAra kA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jAti ke nAma para mAnava samAja ke vibhAjana ko aura brAhmaNa Adi kisI varga vizeSa kI zreSThatA ke dAve ko kabhI svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unake dharma-saMgha meM harikezI jaise cANDAla, zakaDAla jaise kumbhakAra, arjuna jaise mAlI aura sudarzana jaise vaNika sabhI samAna sthAna pAte the| ve kahate the ki cANDAla kula meM janma lene vAle isa harikezI bala ko dekho, jisane apanI sAdhanA se mahAnatA arjita kI hai| ve kahate the janma se koI brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra mahAvIra ne jAtigata AdhAra para mAnavatA ke vibhAjana ko evaM jAtIya ahaMkAra ko nindanIya mAnakara sAmAjika samatA evaM mAnavatA ke kalyANa kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai| 3. vaicArika saMgharSa Aja mAnava samAja meM vaicArika saMgharSa, rAjanItika pArTiyoM ke saMgharSa aura dhArmika saMgharSa bhI apanI carama sImA para haiN| Aja dharma ke nAma para manuSya eka-dUsare ke khUna kA pyAsA hai| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM isakA sabase bar3A kAraNa yaha hai ki hama apane hI dharma,sampradAya yA rAjanaitika matavAda ko sarvazreSTha mAnate haiM aura isa prakAra dUsaroM ke mata yA mantavyoM kI AlocanA karate haiN| mahAvIra kA kahanA thA ki dUsare dharma, sampradAya yA matavAda ko pUrNataH mithyA kahanA yahI hamArI sabase bar3I bhUla hai| ve kahate haiM ki jo loga apane-apane mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsare ke matoM kI nindA karate haiM ve satya ko hI vidrUpita karate haiN| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM satya kA sUrya sarvatra prakAzita ho sakatA hai ataH hameM yaha adhikAra nahIM ki hama dUsaroM ko mithyA kheN| dUsaroM ke vicAroM, matavAdoM yA siddhAntoM kA samAdara karanA mahAvIra ke cintana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA rahI hai| ve kahate the ki dUsaroM ko mithyA kahanA yahI sabase bar3A mithyAtva hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jisa anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kI usakA mUla uddezya vibhinna dharmoM, sampradAyoM aura matavAdoM ke bIca samanvaya aura sadbhAva sthApita karanA hai| unake anusAra hamArI AgrahapUrNa dRSTi hI hameM satya ko dekha pAne meM asamartha banA detI hai| mahAvIra kI zikSA Agraha kI nahIM anAgraha kI hai| jaba taka durAgraha rUpI raMgIna cazmoM se hamArI cetanA AvRtta rahegI hama satya ko nahIM dekha skeNge| ve kahate the ki satya, satya hotA hai, use mere aura parAye ke ghere meM bA~dhanA hI ucita nahIM hai| satya jahA~ bhI ho usakA Adara karanA caahie| mahAvIra ke isa siddhAnta kA prabhAva paravartI jainAcAryoM para bhI par3A hai| AcArya harimadra kahate haiM ki vyakti cAhe. zvetAmbara ho yA digambara, bauddha ho yA anya dharmAvalambI, yadi vaha samabhAva kI sAdhanA karegA; rAga, Asakti yA tRSNA ke ghere se uThegA to vaha avazya hI mukti
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________________ :165 ko prApta kregaa| apane hI dharmavAda se mukti mAnanA yahI dhArmika sadbhAva meM sabase bar3I bAdhA hai| mahAvIra kA sabase bar3A avadAna hai ki unhoMne hameM Agraha mukta hokara satya dekhane kI dRSTi dI aura isa prakAra mAnavatA ko dharmoM, matavAdoM ke saMgharSoM se Upara uThanA sikhaayaa| 4. Arthika saMgharSa Aja vizva meM jaba kabhI yuddha aura saMgharSa ke bAdala maMDarAte haiM to unake pIche kahIM na kahIM koI Arthika svArtha hote haiN| Aja kA yuga arthapradhAna yuga hai| manuSya meM nihita saMgraha-vRtti aura bhoga-bhAvanA apanI carama sImA para hai| vastutaH hama apane svArthoM se Upara uThakara dUsaroM kI pIr3AoM ko jAnanA hI nahIM caahte| apanI saMgraha-vRtti ke kAraNa hama samAja meM eka kRtrima abhAva utpanna karate haiN| jaba eka ora saMgraha ke dvArA sampatti ke parvata khar3e hote haiM to dUsarI ora svAbhAvika rUpa se khAiyA~ banatI haiN| phalataH samAja dhanI aura nirdhana, zoSaka aura zoSita aise do vargoM meM ba~Ta jAtA hai aura kAlAntara meM inake bIca varga-saMgharSa prArambha hote haiN| isa prakAra samAja-vyavasthA chinna-bhinna ho jAtI hai| samAja meM jo bhI Arthika viSamatAyeM haiM usake pIche mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM parigraha vRtti hI mukhya hai| yadi samAja se Arthika saMgharSa samApta karanA hai to hameM manuSya kI saMgraha-vRtti aura bhogavRtti para aMkuza lagAnA hogaa| mahAvIra ne isake lie aparigraha, parigrahaparimANa aura upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa ke vrata prastuta kiye| unhoMne batAyA ki muni ko sarvathA aparigrahI honA caahiye| sAtha hI gRhastha ko bhI apanI sampatti kA parisImana karanA cAhie. usakI eka sImA-rekhA banA lenI caahie| isI prakAra unhoMne vartamAna upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti ke virodha meM manuSya ko yaha samajhAyA thA ki vaha apanI AvazyakatAoM aura icchAoM ko sImita kre| mahAvIra kahate the ki manuSya ko jIvana jIne kA adhikAra to hai kintu dUsaroM ko sukha-suvidhAoM se vaMcita karane kA adhikAra nahIM hai| unhoMne vyakti ko khAna-pAna Adi vRttiyoM para saMyama rakhane kA upadeza diyA thaa| yaha jAnakara sukhada Azcarya hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne Aja se 2500 varSa pUrva apane gRhastha upAsakoM ko yaha nirdeza diyA thA ki ve apane khAna-pAna kI vastuoM kI sImA nizcita kara leN| jaina AgamoM meM isa bAta kA vistRta vivaraNa hai ki gRhastha ko apanI AvazyakatA kI kina-kina vastuoM kI mAtrA nirdhArita kara lenI caahie| abhI vistAra se carcA meM jAnA sambhava nahIM hai phira bhI itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne manuSya kI saMcaya-vRtti para saMyama rakhane kA upadeza dekara mAnava jAti ke Arthika saMgharSoM ke nirAkaraNa kA eka mArga prazasta kiyaa| vastutaH bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vRtti meM anAsakti. vicAroM meM anekAnta,
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________________ 166: vyavahAra meM ahiMsA, Arthika jIvana meM aparigraha aura upabhoga meM saMyama ke siddhAnta ke rUpa meM mAnavatA ke kalyANa kA jo mArga prastuta kiyA thA. vaha Aja bhI utanA hI prAsaMgika hai, jitanA ki Aja se 2500 varSa pUrva thaa| Aja bhI ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha kI yaha triveNI mAnava-jAti ke kalmaSoM ko dho DAlane ke lie utanI hI upayogI hai jitanI mahAvIra ke yuga meM thii| Aja mAtra vaiyaktika stara para hI nahIM sAmAjika stara para bhI ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha kI sAdhanA karanI hogI, tabhI hama eka samatAmUlaka samAja kI racanA kara mAnava jAti ko santrAsoM se mukti dilA sakeMge aura yahI mahAvIra ke prati hamArI saccI zraddhAMjali hogii| nidezaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vaaraannsii|