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________________ vIracaMda Ara. gAMdhI 3. zrI vIracaMda A2. gAMdhI jIvana ane kavana (ogasTa 25,1864 thI ogasTa 7, 1901) sapTembara 11, 1893 no e yAdagAra divasa hato. zikAgonA kalA saMsthAno (ArTa isTITyuTa opha zikAgo) kolaMbasa hola judA judA deza ane dharmanA lagabhaga 3000 pratinidhiothI khIcokhIca bharAyelo hato. jagatanA dharmonI pariSadano e uddhATanano divasa hato. mAnava itihAsamAM AvI pariSada A prathama vakhata ja bharAI hatI. A pariSadano hetu jagatanA judA judA dharmonuM jJAna phelAvavAno ane anuyAyIo vacce bhAIcArAnI bhAvanA vikasAvI jagatanI zAMti kAyama rAkhavAno hato. A pariSada 17 divasa cAlI hatI. A badhAmAM temanA bhAratIya poSAka ane pAghaDI paherelA be juvAna mANaso khAsa AkarSaNanuM keMdra hatA. temAMthI eka jaga prasiddha svAmI vivekAnaMda jeoe hiMdu dharmanuM pratinidhitva karyuM hatuM ane bIjA zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI jeoe jainadharmanuM pratinidhitva karyuM hatuM. temaNe yu. esa. e. nI pariSada daramiyAna dharmasabhAmAM potAnA vaktavya ane vyaktitvathI sahune prabhAvita karyA ane tethI temane yu. esa. e. mAM vadhu rokAIne judA judA zaheromAM bhASaNa yojavA jaNAvyuM. tyAM hAjara rahelA sabhAsado 29 varSanA yuvAna zrI vIracaMda gAMdhInA vaktavyathI ja prabhAvita thayA eTaluM ja nahi paNa temanA jJAnathI paNa prabhAvita thayA. jainadharmano samagra dRSTikoNa ane te rajU karavAnI vAkachaTAthI sabhAsado cakita thaI gayA. amerikana chApAmAM chapAyuM ke "pUrvIya tamAma vidvAnomAM jainadharmanI zraddhA ane rItarasama aMgenA A yuvAnanuM bhASaNa khUba ja rasa ane dhyAnathI sAMbhaLavAmAM AvyuM." zrI vIracaMda gAMdhI ogasTa 25, 1864 mAM gujarAtamAM bhAvanagaranI najIka AvelA mahuvAmAM janmyA hatA. prAthamika ane mAdhyamika zikSaNa bhAvanagaramAM pUruM karyA bAda teo muMbaInI elphinsTana kolejamAM joDAyA. temaNe bI. e. onarsanI DIgrI muMbaI yuni. mAMthI I.sa. 1884 mAM meLavI. samagra jaina samAjamAM teo prathama ja grejayueTa hatA. teo bauddhadharma, vedAMta, tattvajJAna, yoga, khristI dharma ane pazcimanA tattvajJAnanA saMpUrNa jANakAra hatA. temaNe ghaNAM badhAM dharmanA tattvajJAnano tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karyo hato jene lIdhe judA judA viSayo para khUba ja prabhutva ane vizvAsathI bhASaNa ApI zakatA. temaNe gujarAtI, hindI, baMgALI, aMgrejI, prAkRta, saMskRta, phreMca jevI cauda bhASAno abhyAsa karyo hato. I. sa. 1885 mAM 21 varSanI uMmare zrI vIracaMda Ara. gAMdhI sarva prathama jaina dharmasabhAnA mAnad maMtrI banyA. maMtrI tarIke teoe pavitra yAtrAdhAma bhAratanA gujarAtamAM AvelA pAlItANA pAsenA zatruMjaya parvata para levAmAM AvatA yAtrALu verAne nAbUda karAvyo. e divasomAM zAsanakartA sAme virodha noMdhAvavo e AkarI sajAne pAtra athavA mRtyune AmaMtraNa ApavA samAna gaNAtuM. temaNe samAdhAna mATe zarato nakkI karI. te samayanA muMbaI rAjayanA gavarnara lorDa re tathA sarakArI adhikArI voTasana sAthe nakkara dalIlo dvArA yAtrALuo tathA dhArmika sthaLanI surakSA peTe vArSika cokkasa rakama rU15000 nA badalAmAM mAthAdITha vero temaNe mApha karAvyo. I. sa. 1891 mAM boDama nAmanA eka aMgreje bhAratanA bihAra rAjyamAM AvelA kalakattA najIkanA pavitra tIrthadhAma sametazikhara parvata para Dakkarane mArIne temAMthI carabI kADhavAnuM kArakhAnuM zarU karyuM. zrI vIracaMda gAMdhI pavitra yAtrAnA sthaLa paranA kArakhAnAne jaina kathA saMgraha ( 145
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________________ 146 samakAlIna jaina vibhUtti baMdha karAvavA kalakattA pahoMcyA. teo tyAM cha mahinA rokAyA, baMgALI zIkhyA ane kArakhAnAM viruddha kesa taiyAra karyo ane cukAdo meLavyo. "sametazikhara e jainonuM pavitra yAtrAnuM sthaLa che ane tyAM koInI koI prakAranI hiMsaka pravRtti karI na zakAya" aMte kArakhAnuM baMdha karAvyuM. vIracaMda gAMghI khUba nAnI uMmare teo sAmAjika sudhAraka banyA. 22 varSanI nAnI uMmare emaNe samAjanA dUSaNo dUra karato lAMbo lekha lakhyo ane khoTa rivAjo sAme satata laDatA rahyA. keTalAka rivAjone to saMpUrNapaNe nAbUda karyAM. I. sa. 1893 mAM vizvadharma pariSadamAM hAjarI ApavA amerikA svAmI vivekAnaMda sAthe gayA. dharma pariSada patyA pachI paNa teo amerikAmAM lagabhaga be varSa rahyA ane zikAgo, bosTana, nyuyorka, voziMgTana jevA zaheromAM bhASaNo ApyA. temaNe iMgleMDa, phrAMsa, jarmanI ane yuropanA bIjA dezonI mulAkAta paNa lIdhI. paradezamAM teo lAMbo jhabhbho paheratA. khabhA para sapheda zAla nAMkhatA, sonerI kinAravALI kAThiyAvADI pAghaDI ane dezI bUTa paheratA. A paheravezamAM temanI bhAratIyatAnI chApa upasI AvatI hatI. temaNe jainadharma, yoga, bhAratIya tattvajJAnanI zAkhAo, bhAratIya saMskRti, taMtravidyA tathA AdhyAtmikatAnA viSayo para lagabhaga 535 thI vadhu dhArmika pravacano ApyAM. laMDananI korTe temane berisTaranI DIgrI ApI paNa paisA kamAvavA mATe temaNe kyAreya teno upayoga na karyo. jaina thA saMgraha
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________________ vIcaMda Ara. gAMdhI zrI vIracaMda gAMdhI jainadharmanA siddhAMtone evI sarasa ane saraLa rIte samajAvatA ke tyAMnA chApAMvALAMo temanA bhASaNane saMpUrNapaNe chApatA. jainadharmanA agharAmAM agharA pAribhASika zabdo teo khUba ja saraLa rIte samajAvatA. temanI pAse potAnI vAtane susaMgata ane tArkika rIte samajAvavAnI AgavI zakti hatI jethI pariSadamAM jainadharmanA siddhAMtone TUMkamAM chatAM spaSTa rIte rajU karatA. temaNe jainadharmanuM tattvajJAna, jainadharmanI jIvana jIvavAnI rIta tathA jainadharmanA siddhAMtone bahu ja spaSTapaNe samajAvyA. zrI vIracaMda gAMdhInA jainadharmanA bhASaNonI AgavI Dhaba hatI ke teo bIjA koI dharmanI TIkA karatA nahi. sAMpradAyikatAnA gamA-aNagamAthI para rahIne potAnA vicArone bina pakSapAtI rIte vyakta karavAthI teo AcAramAM ahiMsA ane vicAramAM anekAMtavAda AcaranAra eka Adarza jainanI pratibhA pragaTa karatA hatA. jainadharmanI pramANabhUta ane bauddhika dhArmika paraMparAone teo jAgrata amerikano AgaLa rajU karatA ane tenI pratitI teo potAnA vaktavyomAM uttama rIte karAvatA. temanA bhASaNo zaheranA AgaLa paDatA chApAomAM khAsa jagyA zobhAvatA. zrI vIracaMda gAMdhI bhAratIya saMskRti ane dharmanA mahAna pathadarzaka hatA. jainadharmanA prakAMDa paMDita hatA. dharma pariSadamAM emaNe ApelA bhASaNomAM bhAratanI saMskRtino sAco paDagho jovA maLato. amerikAmAM evI chApa hatI ke bhArata to vAgha, sApa, jAdugaro tathA rAjAono deza che. khristI pAdarIoe paNa bhAratanuM behUduM citra loko samakSa doryuM hatuM. zrI vIracaMda gAMdhI ane svAmI vivekAnaMde paradezamAM bhAratanuM sAcuM citra rajU karavAnA prayAso karyA. paradezIone bhAratIya saMskRtinI samaja ApatA kahyuM ke, "paradezIoe vAraMvAra bhArata para humalA karyA che. chatAM teno sAmano karatAM bhAratanI prajAno AtmA jIvaMta ane sAvadhAna che. tenI vartaNUMka ane dharma salAmata che. AkhI duniyA bhArata tarapha mITa mAMDIne beThI che e Azcaryajanaka satya che." zrI vIracaMda gAMdhI haThAgrahI vyakti na hatA. teo jaina tarIke bhASaNa ApatA paNa pariSadamAM videzIonA prahArathI hiMdu dharmano bacAva karatA kAraNa teo jaina karatAM prathama bhAratIya hatA. temaNe amerikA ane bIjA dezomAM klaba, sAhityika ane dhArmika maMDaLo, tattvajJAnanI zALAo ane AdhyAtmika saMgaThano dvArA zreSTha kadaradAnI ane premALa AvakAra prApta karyo. potAnA bhASaNomAM pazcimanA lokone bhAratIya saMskRtinI viziSTatAonuM jJAna ApyuM. bhAratanI AjhAdInA pAMca dAyakA pahelAM vIracaMda gAMdhIne bhaviSyadarzana thayeluM. temaNe temanA eka bhASaNamAM kahyuM hatuM, "mArA bhAIo ane baheno tame jANo cho ke ApaNuM rASTra svataMtra nathI ApaNe mahAna rANI vikTorIyAnA tAbA heThaLa chIe. paNa ApaNI potAnI ja sarakAra ane potAnA ja zAsanakartA hoya to ApaNe ApaNA kAyadA ane saMsthAono mukta ane svataMtrapaNe vahIvaTa karI zakIe. to huM khAtrI ApuM chuM ke ApaNe jagatanA tamAma rASTro sAthe zAMtimaya saMbaMdho sthApI zakIe." vIracaMda gAMdhI mAtra tattvajJAnI vicAraka ja na hatA paNa dilathI rASTranA hitaciMtaka paNa hatA. teo jyAre amerikAmAM hatA tyAre I. sa. 1896 mAM bhAratamAM dukALa paDyo hato. te samaye rU. cAlIsa hajAranuM anAja vahANamAM bharIne amerikAthI bhArata mokalyuM hatuM. amerikAmAM vIracaMda gAMdhIe judA judA maMDaLo zarU karyA hatA. (1) zrI gAMdhI tattvajJAna maMDaLa. (ra) parvAtya tattvajJAna zALA. (3) bhAratIya strIonuM zikSaNa maMDaLa. jaina kathA saMgraha ( 147
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________________ samakAlIna jaina vibhUti mi. hAvarDa A saMsthAonA maMtrI hatA jeo zuddha zAkAhArI hatA. roja sAmAyika karatA ane jaina dharmanA nIti niyamonuM custapaNe pAlana karatA. temaNe iMgleMDamAM jaina sAhitya maMDaLanI zarUAta karI ane jainadharma zIkhavyo. mi. hArbarTa vorana nAmanA utsAhI dharma pracArake zuddha zAkAhArane apanAvyo ane jainadharma svIkAryo. emaNe vIracaMda gAMdhInA bhASaNono sArAMza kADhI pustaka rUpe prasiddha karyA je 'harbarTa voranano jainadharma' nAmathI prasiddha thayo. teo jyAre iMgleMDamAM hatA tyAre ekAeka emanI tabIyata bagaDI. teo bhArata pAchA pharyA. ogasTa 7, 1901 mAM 37 varSanI nAnI uMmare muMbaImAM vIracaMda gAMdhInuM avasAna thayuM. pazcimanA dezomAM bhAratIya saMskRti ane dharmano pracAra temaNe uttama prakAre karyo. teo tejasvI, saMpUrNa AzAvAna, dharma ane samAjanI sevA karavAnI utkaTa icchA dharAvanAra hatA. temanuM nAma bhAratIya saMskRti ane jainadharmanA prabaLa pracAraka tarIke sadAya amara raheze. vIracaMda gAMdhInuM sAhitya | | | | | | pAnA | 375 | | 221 prakAzananuM varSa 1907 1913 1912/1993 | 1970/1993 1963 1993 1886 bhASA aMgrejI aMgrejI | aMgrejI aMgrejI aMgrejI aMgrejI gujarAtI 188 ' zIrSaka jaiina tattvajJAna karmanuM tattvajJAna yoganuM tattvajJAna bhAratIya darzano vI.Ara.gAMdhInA cUMTelA pravacano jainadharma ane tattvajJAna nibaMdha - 2DavA kUTavAnI hAnikAraka cAla dhyAna - 12 bhASaNa jIsasa krAisTanI ajJAta jiMdagI savIrya dhyAna harbarTa voranano jainadharma | | | | | | | | 264 | | | 1916 1894 1902/1989 | 1961/1983 | | | | aMgrejI aMgrejI gujarAtI aMgrejI | | | | 64 128 158 164 148 jaina kathA saMgraha