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________________ vihArakI mahAn dena : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura indrabhUti vihArakI mahattA vihArakI mATI bar3I pAvana hai / usane saMskRtike nirmAtAoMko janma dekara apanA aura sAre bhAratakA ujjvala itihAsa nirmita kiyA hai| sAMskRtika cetanAko usane jagAyA hai| rAjanaitika dRSTise bhI bhAratake zAsakIya itihAsameM vihArakA nAma zIrSa aura smaraNIya rahegA / vihArane hI sarvaprathama gaNatantra (lokatantra)ko janma diyA aura rAjanItika krAnti kI / yadyapi vaizAlIkA vaha licchaviyoMkA gaNatantra Ajake bhAratIya gaNatantrako tulanAmeM bahuta choTA thaa| kintu cirakAlase cale Aye rAjatantrake mukAbale meM vaizAlI gaNatantrakI parikalpanA aura usakI sthApanA nizcaya hI bahuta bar3e sAhasapUrNa janavAdI kadama aura vihAriyoMkI asAdhAraNa sUjhabUjhakI bAta hai| sAMskRtika cetanAmeM jo kuNThA, vikRti aura jar3atA A gayI thI, use dUrakara usameM naye prANoMkA saMcAra karate hae use sarvajanopayogI banAnekA kArya bhI vihArane hI kiyA, jisakA prabhAva sAre bhAratapara pdd'aa| buddha kapilavastu (uttara pradeza) meM janme / para unakA kAryakSetra vihAra khAsakara vaizAlI, rAjagRha Adi hI rahA, jahA~ tIrthaMkara mahAvIra va anya dharmapracArakoMkI dhUma thii| mahAvIra aura gautama indrabhUti to vihArakI hI dena haiM, jinhoMne saMskRtimeM AyI kuNThA evaM jar3atAko dUra kiyA, use sa~vArA, nikhArA aura sarvodayI banAyA / prastuta nibandhameM hama ina donoMke mahAn vyaktitvoMke viSayameM hI vicAra kareMge aura unakI mahAn denoMkA dizA-nirdeza kareMge / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra tIrthakara mahAvIra jainadharmake caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMmeM antima aura caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara haiN| Ajase 2573 varSa pUrva vaizAlIke nikaTavartI kSatriyakuNDameM rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI trizalA, jinakA dUsarA nAma priyakAriNI thA, kI kukSise caitra zuklA 13 ko inakA janma huA thaa| rAjA siddhArtha jJAtavaMzI kSatriya the aura kSatriyakuNDake zAsaka the| vaizAlI gaNatantrake adhyakSa (nAyaka) rAjA ceTakake sAtha inakA ghaniSTha evaM AtmIya sambandha thaa| unakI putrI trizalA inheM vivAhI thii| usa samaya vihAra aura bhAratako dhArmika sthiti bahuta hI dayanIya thii| dharmake nAmapara andhazraddhA, mUr3hatA aura hiMsAkA sarvatra bolabAlA thaa| pazubali aura narabalikI parAkASThA thii| aura yaha saba hotA thA use dharma mAnakara / mahAvIra vacapanase hI vivekI, prajJAvAna aura virakta svabhAvI the| unase samAjakI yaha sthiti nahIM dekhI gayI / use sudhArA jAya, yaha socakara bharI javAnImeM 30 varSakI vayameM hI ghara, rAjya aura saMsArase virakta hokara saMnyAsa le liyA-nirgrantha dIkSA le lii| 12 varSa taka jaMgaloMmeM, parvataguphAoMmeM aura vRkSakoTaroMmeM samAdhi lagAkara Atma-cintana kiyA tathA kaThora-se-kaThora anazanAdi tapoMkA AcaraNa kiyaa| yaha saba maunapUrvaka kiyaa| kabhI kisIke kucha pUchane aura uttara na milanepara unheM pAgala samajhA gyaa| kintu ve to nirantara Atma-cintanameM lIna rahate the| phalataH unheM logoM dvArA pahu~cAye gaye bahuta kaSTa bhI sahane par3e / unheM jaba kevalajJAna ho gayA aura yogya ziSya indrabhUti gautama pahu~ca gaye, taba unakA mauna TUTA aura lagAtAra tIsa varSa taka unake upadezoMkI dhArA pravAhita hii| unake pavitra upadezoM aura -423 -
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________________ AcAra-sampanna ucca jIvanakA tatkAlIna vAtAvaraNa evaM usa vAtAvaraNameM rahanevAle logoMpara aisA asAdhAraNa prabhAva par3A, jo bhAratake dhArmika itihAsameM ullekhanIya rhegaa| bhAratIya saMskRtimeM Agata kuNThA aura jaDatAko dUra karane ke lie unheM bhAgIrathI prayatna karanA pdd'aa| pazabalikA bar3A jora thaa| sthAna-sthAnapara yajJoMkI mahimA (abhyudaya, svargaphala, strI-putra-dhanAdikA lAbha) batalAkara unakA Ayojana kiyA jAtA thaa| yajJa meM mRta pazuko svargalAbha hotA hai aura jo aise yajJa karAte haiM unheM bhI svarga milatA hai / aisI viDambanA sarvatra thii| mahAvIrane ina sabakA virodhakara himmatakA kArya kiyaa| unhoMne ahiMsAkA zaMkhanAda pheMkA, jise prabuddhavargane hI nahIM, kaTTara virodhiyoMne bhI sunA aura usakA lohA mAnA / indrabhUti aura unake sahasroM anugAmI apane virodhabhAvako bhUlakara ahiMsAke pujArI ho gaye aura pazubalikA unhoMne svayaM virodha kiyaa| vaidika yajJoMmeM honevAlI apAra hiMsApara mahAvIrakI ahiMsaka vicAra-dhArAkA adbhuta, jAdU jaisA, asara huaa| mahAvIrane manuSyakI bhI balikA niSedha kiyA tathA mAMsabhakSaNako nindya evaM niSiddha btlaayaa| mAMsa-bhakSaNa karanepara ahiMsAkA pAlana sambhava nahIM hai| pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya yajJoMmeM hata pazuoM yA manuSyakI balise utpanna mAMsako dharma-vihita evaM zAstrAnumodita mAnakara bhakSaNa kiyA jAtA thA aura vedavAkyoMse usakA samarthana kiyA jAtA thaa| mahAvIrane ise dar3hatApUrvaka bhUla aura ajJAnatA btlaayii| dUsare jIvoMko duHkha dekara evaM unheM mArakara unake mAMsako khAne se dharma kadApi nahIM ho sakatA / dharma to AtmavikAroM (kAma-krodhAdi) kA jItanA, indriyoMko vazameM karanA, jIvoM para dayA karanA, dAna denA aura Atmacintana karanA hai| dharma vaha prakAza hai, jo apane AtmAke bhItarase hI prakaTa hotA hai tathA bhItara aura bAharake andhereko miTAtA huA abhaya pradAna karatA hai / hiMsA andhakAra hai aura vaha avivekase hotI hai / vicAra aura AcArameM loga jitane adhika apramatta-sAvadhAna-vivekavAn hoMge utanI hI adhika ahiMsA, nirbhayatA aura samyak buddhi aayegii| mahAvIrane pUrNa ahiMsAkI prApti tabhI batalAyI, jaba mana, vANI aura kriyA ina tInoMko apramatta rakhA jAye / isIse unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki 'pramattayogAtprANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA' (ta0 sU0 6-11) arthAt kaSAyake kAraNa apane yA dUsare jIvoMke prANoMko ghAta karanA hiMsA hai| isase pratIta hotA haiki mahAvIrakI dRSTi bahuta vizAla aura gambhIra thii| ve sRSTike pratyeka prANI ko apane samAna mAnate the aura isI se ve 'samabhAva' kA sadaiva upadeza dete the| unhoMne sabase pahale jo AtmakalyANakI ora kadama uThAyA aura usake lie nirantara sAdhanA kI, usIkA pariNAma thA ki unheM pUrNa jJAna, pUrNa darzana, pUrNa bala aura pUrNa sukha prApta ho gayA thaa| tatpazcAt unhoMne 30 varSa taka vihAra karake janakalyANa kiyaa| isa avadhimeM unhoMne jo upadeza diye ve prANI mAtrake kalyANakArI the| unake upadezoMkA carama lakSya jIvakI mukti-karmabandhanase chuTakArA pAnA thA aura samasta duHkhoMse mukta honA thaa| apane AcaraNako svaccha evaM ucca banAne ke lie ahiMsAkA pAlana tathA apane mana evaM vicAroMko zuddha aura nirmala banAne ke lie sarva samabhAvarUpa 'anekAntAtmaka' daSTikoNake apanAnepara unhoMne bala diyaa| sAtha hI hita mita vANIke prayogake lie 'syAhAda' para bhI jora diyaa| mahAvIrake ina upadezoMkA sthAyI prabhAva par3A, jinakI sazakta evaM jIvanta paramparA Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| unake upadezoMkA vizAla vAGmaya prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta, tamila, telugu, mahArASTrI, gujarAtI Adi bhASAoMmeM nibaddha dezake vibhinna zAstrabhaMDAroMmeM samupalabdha hai / rAjakumAra vidyuccara, cauryakAryameM atyanta kuzala, aMjana cora jaise sahasroM vyaktiyoMne -424 -
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________________ unake upadezoMse AtmoddhAra kiyA, candanA jaisI saikar3oM nAriyoMne, jo samAjase cyuta evaM bahiSkRta thIM, mahAvIrakI zItala chAyA pAkara zreSThatA evaM pUjyatA ko prApta kiyaa| kutte jaisI nindya paryAya meM janme pazuyonike jIvoMne bhI unakI dezanAse lAbha liyaa| prathamAnuyoga aura zrAvakAcArake granthoMmeM aise saikar3oM udAharaNa haiM, jinase spaSTatayA mahAvIrake dharmakI udAratA evaM vizAlatA avagata hotI hai / tAtparya yaha ki tatkAlIna bar3e-se-bar3e aura choTe-se-choTe sabhIko adhikAra thA ki ve mahAvIrake upadezoMko suneM, grahaNa kareM aura unapara calakara AtmakalyANa kreN| caturvidha saMghakA gaThana mahAvIrane samAjakA gaThana vilkula naye DhaMgase kiyaa| unhoMne use cAra vargoMmeM gaThita kiyA / ve cAra varga haiM-1 zrAvaka, 2 zrAvikA, 3 sAdhu ( muni ) aura 4 sAdhvI ( AryikA ) / pratyeka vargakA saMcAlana karane ke lie eka eka vargapramukha bhI banAyA, jisakA dAyitva usa vargakI abhivRddhi, samunnati aura usakA saMcAlana thA / phalataH unakI saMghavyavasthA bar3I sugaThita DhaMgase calatI thI aura Ajataka vaha calI A rahI hai / tatkAlIna anya dharma-pracArakoMne bhI unakI isa saMgha-vyavasthAse lAbha liyA thaa| buddhane ArambhameM striyoMko dIkSA denA niSiddha kara diyA thaa| kintu NiggaMthanAtaputta mahAvIra kI saMghavyavasthAkA Anandane jaba buddha ke samakSa udAharaNa prastuta kiyA aura striyoMko bhI dIkSA dene para jora diyA to baddhane unheM bhI dIkSita karanA Arambha kara diyA thA tathA unake saMghakI saMghaTanA kI thii| antameM mahAvIrane madhyamA pAvAse mukti-lAbha liyA / gautama indrabhUti indrabhUti usa samayake mahAn paMDita aura vaidika vidvAn the| jaina sAhityameM jo aura jaisA ullekha inake viSayameM kiyA gayA hai usase inake mahAna vyaktitvakA paricaya milatA hai / __ AcArya yativRSabha (vikramakI 5vIM zatI ) ke ullekhAnusAra indrabhUti nirmala gautama gotrameM paidA hae the aura ve cAroM vedoMke pAragAmI tathA vizaddha zolake dhAraka the| dhavalA aura jayadhavalA TIkAoMke racayitA AcArya vIrasena ( vikramakI 9vIM zatI) ke anusAra indrabhUti kSAyopazamika cAra nirmala jJAnoMse sampanna the / varNase brAhmaNa the, gautamagotrI the, sampUrNa duzrutiyoMke pAraMgata the aura jIva-ajIva viSayaka sandeha ko lekara vardhamAna tIrthaMkarake pAdamUlameM pahuMce the| vIrasenane indrabhUtike paricaya-viSayaka eka prAcIna gAthA bhI uddhRta kI hai| gAthAmeM pUrvokta paricaya hI nibaddha hai / itanA usameM vizeSa kahA gayA hai ki ve brAhmaNottama the / 1. vimale godamagotte jAdeNaM iMdabhUdiNAmeNaM / cauvedapArageNaM sisseNa visuddhasIleNa / / -ti0 50 1-78 ".."khaovasama-jaNida-cauramala-buddhi-saMpaNNeNa bamhaNeNa godamagottaNa sayala-dussudi-pAraeNa jIvAjIvavisaya-saMdeha-viNAsaNaTThamuvagaya-vaDDhamANa-pAda-mUleNa iMdabhUdiNAvahArido / ___ -dhava0 pu0 1, pR0 64 3. gottaNa godamo vippo cAuvveya-saDaMga vi / ___NAmeNa iMdabhUti tti solavaM bahmaNuttamo // -vahI, pu0 1, pR0 65 -425
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________________ vIrasenake ziSya aura AdipurANake kartA AcArya jinasena' ( vikrama kI 9vIM zatI ) ne 'indrabhUti' aura 'gautama' padoMkI vyutpatti bhI dikhAI hai| batalAyA hai ki indrane Akara unakI pUjA kI thI, isase ve 'indrabhUti' aura gau-sarvajJabhAratIko unhoMne jAnA-par3hA, isase ve gautama kahe gaye / jaina sAhityake anya srotoMse bhI avagata hotA hai ki Arya somilane madhyamA pAvAmeM jo mahan yajJa Ayojita kiyA thA, usakA netRtva indrabhUti gautamake hAthameM thaa| isa yajJameM bar3e-bar3e diggaja vidvAn ziSya-parivAra sahita AmaMtrita the / isase yaha prakaTa hai ki indrabhUti niHsandeha prakANDa vaidika vidvAn the aura unakA apratima prabhAva thaa| kintu Azcarya hai ki itane mahAn prabhAvazAlI vaidika vidvAnkA vaidika sAhityameM na ullekha milatA hai aura na paricaya / isakA ekamAtra kAraNa yahI pratIta hotA hai ki indrabhUti tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake ziSya ho gaye the aura vaidika vicAra-dhArAkA unhoMne parityAga kara diyA thaa| aisI sthati meM unakA vaidika sAhityameM koI ullekha evaM paricaya na mile, to koI Azcarya nahIM hai / mahAvIrakA ziSyatva jaina sAhityake ullekhoMse vidita hai ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIrako kaivalya prApta ho jAnepara bhI 65 dina taka unakA upadeza nahIM huaa| isakA kAraNa thA unake avyartha upadezoMko saMkalana-avadhAraNa karanekI yogyatA rakhanevAle asAmAnya vyaktikA abhAva / indrane apane viziSTa jJAnase jJAta kiyA ki tIrthakara mahAvIrakI vANIko avadhAraNa karanekI kSamatA indrabhUtimeM hai| para vaha vaidika hai aura mahAbhimAnI hai / indrane vipra-vaTukA svayaM veza banAyA aura indrabhUtike caraNa-sAnnidhya meM phuNcaa| usa samaya indrabhUti apane 500 ziSyoMse ghire hue the aura vedAdhyayanAdhyApanameM rata the / vipravaTu bezadhArI indra praNAma karake indrabhUtise bolA-gurudeva, maiM bahuta bar3I jijJAsA lekara Apake pAdamUlameM AyA hU~ / AzA hai Apa merI jijJAsA pUrI kareMge aura mujhe nirAza nahIM lauTanA pdd'egaa| indrake vinamra nivedana para indrabhUtine tvarita dhyAna diyA aura kahA ki vaTo! apanI jijJAsA vyakta kro| maiM usakI pUrti karU~gA / indrane nimna gAthA par3hakara usakA artha spaSTa karanekA anurodha kiyA paMceva asthikAyA chajjIva-NiyAyA mahavvayA paMca / aTTa ya pavayaNamAdA saheuo baMdha-mokkho ya / -dhavalA, pu0 9, pR0 129 meM uddhRta / indrabhUti isa gAthAkA artha aura usameM nirUpita pAribhASika viSayoMko bahata socanepara bhI samajha na ske| taba ve vaTuse bole-ki yaha gAthA tumane kisase par3hI aura kisa granthakI hai ? brAhmaNa vaTuveSadhArI indrane kahA gurudeva ! ukta gAthA jinase par3hI hai ve vipulagiripara maunAvasthita haiM aura kaba taka mauna raheMge, kahA nahIM jA sktaa| ataeva zrIcaraNoMmeM usakA artha avagata karaneke lie upasthita huA huuN| 1. (ka) indreNa prApta pUddhirindrabhUtistvamiSyate / (kha) gautamA gauH prakRSTA syAt sA ca srvjnybhaartii| tAM vetsi tAmadhISTe ca tvamato gautamo mataH // -A0 pu0 2 / 52-54 2. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, khaNDa 1, pari0 7, pR0 185
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________________ para indrabhUti usakA artha batAne meM asamartha the / isa asamarthatAko prakaTa karanA bhI unake svAbhimAna aura ttAke pratikUla thaa| phalataH ve brAhmaNavaTuvezadhArI indrake sAtha unake guruse zAstrArtha karane kI icchAse cala diye aura pIche-pIche unake ziSya bhI cala pdd'e| mahAvIra vipulagiripara eka sabhA sthalameM hI sabhAsthalameM praveza kiyA tyoM hI mAnastambhake dekhate hI unakA ahaMkAra dUra ho gayA aura sArA jJAna nirmala ho gyaa| unake ahaMkAra-janya sAre vicAra badala gaye aura nirmala-citta ho gaye / samyaktvako prApti honemeM unheM dera na lgii| mahAvIrake pAdamUlameM unakA ziSyatva grahaNakara nirgrantha-dIkSA le lI aura unake prathama gaNadhara (paTTa ziSya) ho gaye tathA cAra jJAna (mati, zruta, avadhi aura manaHparyaya) evaM utkRSTa saMyamake dhAraka ve kucha kSaNoMmeM bana gye| ise pariNAmoMkI vicitratA hI samajhanA caahie| isa taraha indrabhUti mahAvIrake aise mahAn prabhAvazAlI prathama ziSya haiM, jinake dvArA unake 30 varSa vyApI upadeza dvAdazAMga zrutake rUpameM nibaddha kiye gaye / antameM indrabhatine apanA samagra zrata-mahAvIrake dasare ziSya evaM apane uttarAdhikArI sudharma svAmIko dekara 12 varSa taka kevalI rahakara nirvANa-lAbha liyA / RAAND 34 -427