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________________ Namo arihaMtANaM Namo siddhANaM Namo AyariyANaM Namo uvajjhAyANaM Namo loesavvasAhUNaM
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________________ vartamAna kRSi paddhati - jaina darzana kI dRSTi meM DaoN. zyAma lAla godAvata bhUtapUrva adhiSThAtA, rAjasthAna kRSi mahAvidyAlaya mahArANA pratApa kRSi evaM praudyogikI vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura 313001 (rAja.) Email:
[email protected] Mobile-09414850711
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________________ INITATION OF AGRICULTURE kRSi kA prArambha * tRtIya kAla ke anta meM kalpavRkSoM kA anta hone para prathama tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne janatA ko SaT karma (kRSi, asi, masi, zilpa, sevA va vANijya) kA upadeza dekara apanI jIvana yAcikA prArambha karane kA mArga dikhaayaa| tabhI se kRSi/khetI kA vyavasAya janatA ne apane bharaNa poSaNa karane ke liye prArambha kiyA *mAnava ne uttarottara vRddhi karate hue nAnA prakAra ke khAdyAnna, phala, phUla, sabjiyA~, masAle va anya vanaspati kA apanI AvazyaktAnusAra khetI karake utpAdana karanA prArambha kiyaa|
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________________ IMPACT OF GREEN REVOLUTION (harita krAnti kA prabhAva ) * harita krAMti (Green Revolution) ke mAdhyama se khAdyAnna kI kamI kA nijAda dilAkara deza ko Atmanirbhara bnaayaa| isa harita krAnti ko sthira banAye rakhane ke liye adhika utpAdana dene vAlI kismoM ke prabhAva ko saphala karane hetu vibhinna prakAra ke urvarakoM evaM jIvanAzI rasAyanoM kA upayoga pracalita huaa| * jisase atyadhika utpAdana ke sAtha hI jIva hiMsA kA visphoTa honA prArambha huaa| ina AdAnoM meM kITanAzaka, roga rodhaka davAoM ke pracura mAtrA meM chir3akAva, rasAyanika urvarako kA avivekapUrNa upayoga, bhUmi va bIjopacAra meM rasAyanoM kA prayoga, khAdyAnnoM ke bhaNDAraNa meM jaharIlI dhumraka rasAyanoM kA upayoga va paramparAgata jutAI ke viparIta Adhunika kRSi yantroM dvArA bhUmi kI jutAI ityaadi|
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________________ IMPACT OF GREEN REVOLUTION (harita krAnti kA prabhAva ) pichale pAMca zataka meM jIva hiMsA ke sAtha-sAbha prAkRtika saMsAdhana miTTI, pAnI, vAyu va paryAvaraNa para pratikUla prabhAva pdd'aa| jo isa prakAra haiM1. kITanAzakoM va anya rasAyanoM kA khAdya padArthoM meM avazeSa prabhAva (Residual effect) bddh'naa| 2 saghana kRSi ke antargata bhUgarbha jalastara kA giranA va jala pradUSita honaa| 3 khAdyAnnoM kI guNavattA meM kamI honaa| 4 kITanAzakoM ke avivekapUrNa upayoga se paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa va svAsthya para hAnikAraka prabhAva pdd'naa| 5. ucita phasala cakra na apanAne va saghana kRSi paddhati se bhUmi kI dazA kharAba honaa| 6. kArbanika, harI khAda, jaivika urvaraka ityAdi kA upayoga kama hone se sUkSma tatva kI kamI honaa| 7. bhArI tatva jaise Arsenika, leDa, keDamiyama ityAdi kA saMcaya honaa| 8. phasaloM meM roga va kITa pratirodhI kSamatA kA ghttnaa| 9. roga va kIToM kI jIvanAziyoM ke prati pratirodhaka kSamatA bddh'naa| 10. asantulita mAtrA meM urvarakoM ke kAraNa tatvoM kA asantulana, hvAsa va anuplbdhtaa|
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________________ Green Revolution Mertits Demerits * Food sufficiency * Increase Crop Productivity * Reduces food import * Increase Crop Intensity * Employment generation * Indiscriminate use of Inputs * Over Exploitation of Resources * Ground water depletion and Contamination * Soil degradation * Increase pest and disease infestation Thrashing of traditional farming systems (Local Seed, farming methods, conservation methods etc)
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________________ Fert. Cons (MT) Consumption of Agril Inputs 250 Fertilizer Consumption in India Production 200 11 150 100 50 0 Consumption 1981-82 1991-92 2000-01 2008-09 Years Pesticide use (000 t) 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 1991-92 Pesticide use (Thousand tone) 2000-01 Years 2008-09
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________________ Soil insect pests Cutworm White Grub Wireworm Wireworm Termite
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________________ Internal Borers Maize Jowar Rice Sugarcane root Sugarcane stem Soybean
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________________ Fruit Borers Cotton Bollworm Complex Brinjal visuaint ed Okra Tomato
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________________ Insect Predators Green lacewing, Grub Green lacewing, Adult Ladybird Beetle
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________________ Insect Predators Syrphid Fly, Maggot Preying mantis Spiders
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________________ NATURAL CONTROL PHADKA GRASSHOPPER NATTIRAL CONTROL PHADKA GRASSHOFTER NATURAL CONTROL
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________________ BIRO BEBE DAMAGE TO MANDARIN ORANGES THE ONCLINATUREN THE ANLATILIK amarUda
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________________ POSTRONERING PRENOLOGICAL S EE OF INSECT PEST COMPLEIN PIGERNPS
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________________ PEA POD BORERS Lompides boeticus Helicoverpo armigera
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________________ EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR NON VIOLENCE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE | Non-violence and Sustainable agriculture ke liye kucha prabhAvakArI vikalpa nimna prakAra haiM 1. jaivika khetI (Organic farming) 2. zUnya bhU pariSkaraNa (Zero tillage) 3. alpa bhU pariSkaraNa (Minimum tillage ) 4. upayukta phasala cakra (Proper crop rotation ) 5. adhika upaja dene vAlI roga kITa pratirodhI kismoM kA upayoga 6. tarala jaivika utprerakoM kA upayoga (Use of liquid bio enhancers) 7. homA phArmiMga (Homa farming) 8. jIvANu khAda kA upayoga (Use of bio-fertilizer) 9. kArbanika vidhi se bhaNDAraNa (Organic storage of food)
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________________ Kind of Birth (janma ke bheda) samUrchanagarbhopapAdA janma : (tatvArthasUtra, adhyAya 2 (31) * Spontaneous generation(samUrcchana) * Utrine Birth (Taf) * Instantaneous rise (upapAda) Spontaneous generation(samUrchana) - anukula vAtAvaraNa meM cAroM ora se pudgaloM kA grahaNa kara avayavoM kI racanA kara jIva kI utpattI honA Utrine Birth (garbha)- strI ke garbhASaya meM sukANu aura aNDaja ke saMyoga se garbha janma kA honA Instantaneousrise (upapAda)- deva va nArakiyoM kI utpattI
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________________ Cultural operations Alternate Methods to reduce the insect pest population to minimize the pesticides load in the environment: * Weed free cultivation with proper weed management practices * Appropriate irrigation * Change in sowing, harvesting & irrigation time * Pruning of infested branches Use of Rhizobium, Azatobacter, PSB in crops for nutrient enrichment.
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________________ jaivika khetI (Organic farming) * paryAvaraNa meM svacchatA tathA prAkRtika saMtulana banAye rakhakara mRdA, jala aura vAyu ko pradUSita kiye binA, bhUmi ko svastha evaM sakriya rakhakara dIrghakAlika utpAdana prApta karane ko hI jaivika khetI yA prAkRtika khetI kahate haiN| yaha eka aisI khetI paddhati hai jisameM phasala utpAdana meM rAsAyanika urvarakoM, kITanAzakoM, roganAzakoM, kharapatavAranAzakoM tathA vRddhi niyAmakoM va jaharIle dhumraka ke upayoga ke sthAna para gobara kI khAda, kamposTa, varmI kamposTa, harI khAda, jIvANu kalcara, phasala cakra, phasala avazeSa, dvidalIya phasaleM ugAkara aura kITa, roga va kharapatavAra niyaMtraNa ke liye jaivika strotoM kA hI prayoga karate hue TikAU khetI (Sustainable agriculture) dvArA adhika utpAdana prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai|
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________________ ORGANIC FARMING PRINCIPLE CARE Care Health Principles of Organic Farming Ecology FAIRNESS Fairness
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________________ Organic farming VERMICOMPOST GREEN LEAF MANURES CROP ROTATION ORGANIC FARMING MANURES BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT BIOFERTILIZERS ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
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________________ Components of Organic Farming : (a) Organic Manures: FYM, Compost, Biogas slurey Animal wastes, Crop residues management, concentrated oil cakes, Forest Bye products, Sewage & Sludges, City Garbage, Wastes of Sugar Industries & Distilary, Coir pith, Vermi compost, Green Manuring crops, Bio -fertilizers. (b) Non-Chemical Weed Control Measures: Healthy Soil, Crop rotation, General Sanitation Forage Sanitation, Clean Machinery, Seed bed prepraration, Clean Seed. (c) Bio Control (d) Use of Bio-Pesticides (e) Cultural Methods, etc.
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________________ Addition of nutrient through Green Manuring Conventional Green Manuring (Chickpea) * Improves soil fertility * Retains 55% higher moisture for rabi 10 crops 155 1.8 Enhance rain water productivity. * Soil become pulverized and good for microorganism Yield (q/ha) Moisture % WUE (kg/hamm)
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________________ Benefits of Organic Farming * Low incidence of Pest * Safe and Healthy Food * Improvement in Soil Quality * Increased Crop Productivity and Income Employment Opportunities * Indirect Benefits
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________________ zUnya bhU-pariSkaraNa (Zero tillage) > phasala utpAdana hetu mRdA meM kisI bhI prakAra kI karSaNa kriyA na karane ko zUnya bhU-pariSkaraNa kahate haiN| > pichalI phasala kI kaTAI ke bAda binA kisI karSaNa kriyA ke sIdhI bIjAI kI jAtI hai| > zUnya bhU-pariSkaraNa apanAne vAlI mRdAyeM sAmAnyatayA saghanatA (Compaction), jaivAMza padArthoM kI bar3hotarI, pAnI ke hAsa kI kamI, keMcuoM kI janasaMkhyA meM vRddhi, mRdA kI randhratA (Porosity) evaM paragamyatA (Permeability) meM bar3hAva jisase sAmAnya vidhiyoM se adhika yA usake samakakSa utpAdana prApta hotA hai|
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________________ View of zero tillage
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________________ Soil organic matter as affected by 10 years of tillage management Tillage system Depth (cm) Organic matter (%) Ploughing systern 1.0 5-10 1.0 10-20 1.0 No tillage system 0-5 1.8 5-10 1.7 10-20 1.0
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________________ alpa bhU-pariSkaraNa (Minimum tillage) isa vidhi meM phasala utpAdana hetu mRdA meM kama se kama karSaNa kriyAyeM upayoga meM lI jAtI hai| upayukta phasala cakra (Proper crop rotation) kisI nizcita avadhi meM nizcita kSetra para kama kharca va atyadhika munAphA lete hue phasaloM ko pUrva nirdhArita yojanAnusAra bonA phasala cakra kahalAtA hai| alaga-alaga jalavAyu meM alaga-alaga phasala cakroM kI siphAriza kI gaI
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________________ 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Conventional Opening of alternate furrow 10 Minimum tillage after sowing 15 Yield (q/ha) 6.8 10.9 Moisture % 1.6 2.5 WUE (kg/ha/mm) Opening of alternate furrows 30 days after sowing * Retain higher moisture during dry spell, * Enhances rain water and productivity. * stor
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________________ 20 15 10 5 0 Conventional Opening of contour furrows 10 18 Minimum tillage in contour sowing Yield (q/ha) 13 Moisture % 1.6 2.8 WUE (kg/ha/mm) Opening of alternate contour furrows 30 days after sowing Retained 93% higher moisture, Increased 80% crop productivity Enhanced rain water productivity.
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________________ adhika upaja vAlI kITa-rogarodhI kismoM kA prayoga / * saba se surakSita, upayogI va ahiMsaka khetI meM adhika upaja dene vAlI kITa-rogarodhI kismoM kA prayoga karanA hai| kRSi vaijJAnikoM ne saba phasaloM meM aisI anekoM kismeM vikasita kI hai jinako ugAkara mukhya samasyAoM kA samAdhAna eka sAtha kiyA jA sakatA hai| Ajakala anekoM saMkara (Hybrid), saMkula (Composite) va siMtheTika kismeM upalabdha hai| jinakI sahAyatA se adhika utpAdana ke sAtha-sAtha adhika guNavattA va roga-kITarodhI, kSamatA upalabdha haiN|
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________________ tarala jaivika utprerakoM kA upayoga (Use of liquid bio-enhancers) vibhinna tarala jaivika utprerakoM ke upayogoM dvArA bhUmi kI urvarA zakti va paudhoM kI bar3havAra meM vRddhi hotI hai| ye tarala jaivika utpreraka nimna prakAra ke haiM :(a) paMcAgvAyA kRSi (Panchagvaya krishi) (b) jIvAmitrA (Jiwamrita) (c) bIDI likviDa menyora (BD liquid manure) amRtapAnI (Apritpani) varmI vAza (Vermi wash) (g) bAyo-sola (Bio-sol) (h) bAyoDAinemiksa (Bio-dynamics) (i) RSi kRSi (Rishi krishi)
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________________ homA phArmiMga (Homa farming) kRSi meM yajJa kA upayoga - homA phArmiMga (agnihotrA) TikAU khetI kA vaha rUpa hai jisameM sUryodaya evaM sUryAsta ke samaya vAtAvaraNa ko havana kriyA dvArA zuddha evaM arogya kiyA jAtA hai tathA havana se prApta rAkha kA upayoga kRSi meM poSaka tatva evaM pIr3akanAzaka ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai| Homa directly benifits the ecosystem&health Homa ash is a supercharged fertilizer & healing catalyst
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________________ Homa Mantra Technique
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________________ jalAbhiSeka Jalaabhishek
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________________ mahAmastakAbhiSeka Mahamashtkabhishk zAMtidhArA Shantidhara
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________________ jIvANu khAda kA upayoga (Use of bio-fertilizer) jIvANu khAdoM kA mahattva pahale kI apekSA aba kaI guNA bar3ha gayA hai| ye khAda jahAM eka ora natrajana va phAsphorasa jaise mahatvapUrNa poSaka tatvoM kI upalabdhatA bar3hAte haiM vahIM dUsarI ora rAsAyanika urvarakoM kI tulanA meM pradUSaNa ko bhI kama karate haiN| ina jIvANu khAdoM ke antargata rAijobiyama, harita zaivAla va sAyano baikTiriyA pIesabI mukhya haiN|
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________________ PRINCIPAL STORED GRAIN INSECTS For sale and effective use of insecticides, always identify the problem correctly. 1 Granary weet 3. Red flour belle Larger cabinet beetle 5 Leser grain borer Rice we 7. Idiome moth Patro be Some of these stored grain insects are also KITCHEN PESTS The swooshed grain betired four best larger abinet beetle, and indir-maal met de velop in four cok mixes, con el resto footh or similar prodoth The Angoumoto more shop 19 Angoumolt gros moth Prepared by Extension logists of the North Central Status in cooperation with the Federal Estension Service. U S Department of Agriculture
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________________ Organisms & factors affecting Grain/ seed Storage Type of organism associated with grain /seed storage: 1. Bactria. 2. Fungi 3. Mites 4. Pest/insects 5. Rodents Factors affecting grain/seed quality in storage: (A) Moisture content - 8-10% (B) Relative Humidity (C) Temperature-17-22C 6. Birds Cool & dry- is the best condition for storage and prevent spontaneous generation
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________________ | kArbanika vidhi se bhaNDAraNa (Organic storage of food) khAdyAnnoM ke bhaNDAraNa ke daurAna bahuta se nAzIkITa nukasAna pahuMcAte haiN| isase bacane ke liye jaharIle rAsAyanika kITanAzI dhumraka prayoga meM liye jAte haiN| parantu ina dhumraka rasAyanoM kA anAja para avazeSa raha jAtA hai va isakI dhumra mAnava ke liye bhI nukasAnadAyaka hai| khAdya padArthoM ko kArbanika tarIke se khetI ke sAtha-sAtha kArbanika tarIke se bhaNDAraNa kiyA jAye to hAnikAraka rasAyanoM ke pratikUla prabhAva se bacA jA sakatA hai|
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________________ Udhyogi Himsa udyogI hiMsA Virodhi Himsa virodhI hiMsA Himsa hiMsA Sankalpi Himsa saMkalpI hiMsA Arambhi Himsa ArambhI hiMsA
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________________ CONCLUSION (sArAMza) uparokta kRSi paddhatiyoM ko apanAkara kRSi udyoga meM Arambhika evaM audyogika hiMsA ko kama karate hue jaina darzana ke ahiMsA rUpI maulika siddhAnta kA anusaraNa karate hue TikAU khetI (Sustainable agriculture) dvArA mAnava jIvana ke bharaNa poSaNa kA mahatvapUrNa paryAvaraNa anukUla kRSi vyavasAya sunizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai| "hiMsA prasUtAni sarva duHkhAni" hiMsA sampUrNa duHkhoM ko janma detI hai| ahiMsA - Atma zuddhi evaM paryAvaraNa surakSA kA mAdhyama hai|
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________________ jaya jinendra :jA DOS patAnA