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________________ yazapAla jaina vartamAna yuga ko eka aura gAMdhI kI AvazyakatA manuSyoM ke mela se samAja kI racanA hotI hai aura samAja milakara rASTra kA nirmANa karate haiN| rASTroM se vizva banatA hai| isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki vizva kI AdhAramUlaka IkAI manuSya hai| gAMdhI kA dhyAna isI tathya kI ora gyaa| unhoMne kahA ki yadi manuSya apane ko sudhAra legA to samAja, rASTra aura vizva apane Apa sudhara jaaeNge| ata: mAnava ke pariSkAra ke lie unhoMne satya, ahiMsA, aparigraha, brahmacarya Adi ekAdaza vratoM kA prAvadhAna kiyA aura unake pAlana kA Agraha rkhaa| itanA hI nahIM unhoMne sarvaprathama dakSiNa aphrIkA meM mAnavIya adhikAroM ke lie saMgharSa hetu satyAgraha, niSkriya pratirodha, anazana, AtmapIr3ana Adi abhinava astroM kA AviSkAra kiyaa| unakA vaha saMgharSa ikkIsa varSa taka claa| aMta meM vijaya gAMdhI kI huii| unhoMne siddha kara diyA ki bhautika bala se kahIM zreSTha aura zaktizAlI Atmika bala hai| dakSiNa aphrIkA meM vijayI hokara jaba vaha bhArata Aye aura rAjanIti ke maMca para AsIna hue to unhoMne unhIM astroM kA upayoga kiyA, jinakA upayoga vaha kAle-goroM kI lar3AI meM karake Aye the| san 1917 ke campArana satyAgraha se lekara san 1942 ke bhArata-chor3o AMdolana taka unhoMne jitane choTe-bar3e AMdolana calAye unakI dhurI satya-ahiMsA rhe| san 1922 meM caurIcaurA meM hiMsA hone para unhoMne deza vyApI asahayoga-AMdolana ko sthagita kara diyaa| itanA hI nahIM, pAMca dina kA upavAsa bhI kiyaa| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki ve bhArata meM "rAma-rAjya" kI sthApanA karanA cAhate the| unake lie rAjanaitika svataMtratA kA mahatva thA kintu usase bhI adhika mahatva mAnava kI zucitA aura mAnavIya mUlyoM kA thaa| pandraha agasta unnIsa sau saiMtAlIsa meM bhArata AjAda huaa| sAre deza meM khuziyAM manAI gaI, lekina gAMdhIjI ke lie vaha khuzI kA dina nahIM thaa| unakI isa spaSTa ghoSaNA ke bAvajUda ki unake jisma ke do Tukar3e ho jAyeMge, lekina bhArata eka aura akhaNDa rahegA, deza kA vibhAjana huaa| pAkistAna banA aura donoM dezoM meM AbAdI kI adalA-badalA huii| bhArata se lAkhoM musalamAna pAkistAna gaye aura pAkistAna se lAkhoM hindU bhArata aaye| jina mAnavIya mUlyoM ne unake bIca bhAI-cAre kI gaharI jar3eM jamAI thIM, ve Ahata ho gye| bhAI se bhAI bichar3a gyaa| yaha sthiti gAMdhIjI ke lie asahya thii| jisa samaya lAla-kile para AjAdI kA tiraMgA jhaMDA phaharAyA jA rahA thA, gAMdhIjI muslima bAhulya kSetra noAkhAlI meM paidala ghUmaghUma kara dukhiyoM ke AMsU pocha rahe the| unhoMne bhArata ke naye zAsakoM aura bhArata kI janatA se AjAdI ke dina prArthanA karane aura upavAsa rakhane kA AhvAna kiyaa| unhoMne aMta samaya taka yaha AzA nahIM chor3I ki vaha dina Aye binA nahIM rahegA, jabaki bhArata aura pAkistAna eka hoNge| unhoMne do rASTra ke siddhAMta ko kabhI svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| __ jaisA ki hamane Upara kahA gAMdhIjI mAnavIya mUlyoM ke upAsaka the| ve naitika mUlyoM ko sabase adhika mahatva dete the| unhoMne aneka avasaroM para kahA thA ki mere lie vaha rAjanIti tyAjya hai, jisameM nIti kA samAveza na ho arthAt nItivihIna rAjanIti unake lie koI artha nahIM rakhatI thii| deza svataMtra huA, lekina use gAMdhIjI ne lambI yAtrA kA pahalA par3Ava maanaa| unhoMne kahA, "maMjila abhI dUra hai| jaba taka eka bhI AMkha meM AMsU hai, mere saMgharSa kA aMta nahIM ho sktaa|" / apane utsarga ke eka dina pUrva unhoMne eka lekha likhA, jise unakA "aMtima vasIyatanAmA" mAnA jAtA hai| usa lekha meM unhoMne kahA ki bhArata ko rAjanaitika AjAdI to mila gaI, lekina sAmAjika, Arthika aura naitika Az2AdiyAM abhI prApta karanI haiM aura cUMki ina AjAdiyoM meM tar3aka-bhar3aka nahIM hai isalie hamArA rAstA pahale kI nisbata jyAdA kaThina hai| unhoMne kAMgresa ko bhaMga karake usake sthAna para "loka sevaka saMgha" kI sthApanA karane kI bAta khii| lekina unakI yaha bAta bhArata ke karNadhAroM ke gale nahIM utrii| ve mAnate the ki jisa kAMgresa ke jhaMDe ke nIce koTi-koTi nara-nAriyoM ne asIma sAhasa se ekatra hokara svataMtratA prApta kI thI, usI jhaMDe ke nIce deza ke nava-nirmANa kA kArya sampanna hogaa| ___ gAMdhI dRSTA the| unhoMne jo kahA thA, usake pIche eka bhArI satya nihita thaa| sattA ke sAtha anivAryata: mada jur3A rahatA hai| isalie vaha hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 44
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________________ deza kA muMha sattA kI ora se mor3a kara sevA kI ora karanA cAhate the| para vaha na honA thA, na huaa| gAMdhIjI AjAdI ke canda dinoM ke bAda cale gye| unake jAne ke pazcAt sArI sthiti badala gii| gAMdhI ne khare manuSya ko UMcA sthAna diyA thA aura bhAvI bhArata kA adhiSThAna mAnavatA ko mAnA thA, kintu deza ke netAoM kA dhyAna zAsana sambhAlane aura bhAratavAsiyoM kI daridratA ko dUra karane kI ora thaa| videzI sattA ne bhArata ko cUsa kara bhItara se khokhalA kara diyA thaa| isa sthiti ko sambhAlane ke lie naye zAsakoM ne naI nIti apnaaii| jahAM gAMdhI ne manuSya ko biThAyA thA, vahAM unhoMne rAjanIti aura artha ko baitthaayaa| pariNAma yaha huA ki mAnava kI dhurI TUTI aura usa sthAna para rAjanIti tathA artha kA varcasva sthApita huaa| isa varcasva ko rAjanIti ke hI nahIM, anya sabhI kSetroM meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| sAmAnya se sAmAnya vyakti bhI anubhava karane lagA ki yadi usake hAtha meM sattA aura paisA nahIM hai to samAja meM usakA astitva hI nahIM hai| isIse logoM ne AMkha mUMda kara sattA aura paise ke pIche daur3a lgaaii| isakA pariNAma jo honA thA, vahI huaa| pada aura paise ko UMcA sthAna milA aura iMsAna doyama darje para A gyaa| deza ke mUlya badala gaye, paristhitiyAM badala gaI, pariveza badala gye| naitika mUlyoM kA sthAna bhautika mUlyoM ne le liyaa| jaba padArtha mUlyavAna bana jAtA hai to manuSya ke viveka para pardA par3a jAtA hai| isa sthiti ne deza meM aneka vyAdhiyoM ko janma diyaa| ina vyAdhiyoM meM sabase bar3I vyAdhi bhraSTAcAra hai| Aja koI bhI kSetra usase achUtA nahIM hai| rAjanIti to usase pUrI taraha AkrAMta hai hI, samAja vyavasthA, artha vyavasthA, dharma saMgaThana Adi sabhI kSetra usake zikAra ho rahe haiN| rAjanIti kA itanA bola-bAlA hai ki usane saba kucha apane prabhAva ke ghere meM sameTa liyA hai| kisI yuga meM dharma rAjanIti kI aguAI karatA thA, Aja dharma rAjanIti kA anucara bana gayA hai| gAMdhI ne svataMtra bhArata ke lie naye mUlyoM kI saMhitA banAI thii| unhoMne kahA thA ki jo saccA sevaka hai. vahI deza kA sarvocca zAsaka hogaa| unhoMne kahA thA ki svataMtra bhArata meM ucca aura nimnavarga nahIM rheNge| unhoMne kahA thA ki deza ke sabhI nivAsI samaSTi ke hita meM vyaSTi kA hita mAneMge aura ve apane svArtha se adhika deza ke hita ko varIyatA pradAna kreNge| prAcIna kAla se bhAratIya manISA ne ghoSa kiyA thA- "sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayA" yAnI saba sukhI hoM, saba nIroga hoN| isI meM se gAMdhI kA sarvodaya kA darzana upajA thaa| sabakI bhalAI ke lie unhoMne kucha mUla-bhUta siddhAMta nizcita kiye| ina siddhAMtoM meM sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa siddhAMta sattA ke vikendrIkaraNa kA thaa| vaha nahIM cAhate the ki sattA ine-gine vyaktiyoM kI muTThI meM kendrita ho| unhoMne kahA ki aNu bama ke isa yuga meM yadi sattA eka sthAna para kendrIbhUta rahegI to eka bama use sahaja hI naSTa kara degaa| lekina yadi sattA jana-jana meM baMTI rahegI to koI kitane bama girAyegA? isalie unhoMne zAsana kI buniyAda paMcAyata ko maanaa| unhoMne kahA ki hamArA zAsana nIce se Upara kI ora rhegaa| paMcAyata ko vaha zAsana kI nIMva banAnA cAhate the| pakkI nIMva para hI pakkA bhavana khar3A raha sakatA hai| lekina sattA kI hor3a ne sArI rAjanaitika zakti ko muTThI bhara logoM ke hAthoM meM sImita kara diyaa| sattA ke sAtha sAre sAdhana aura vaibhava bhI unake hAthoM meM kendrita ho gye| ___ gAMdhIjI Arthika samAnatA ke pakSapAtI the| vaha jAnate the ki eka ora Dhera lagegA to dUsarI ora apane Apa gaDDhA bana jaayegaa| unhoMne eka sthAna para likhA, "agara dhanavAna loga apane dhana ko aura usake kAraNa milane vAlI sattA ko khuda rAjI-khuzI se chor3akara aura sabake kalyANa ke lie, sabake sAtha milakara baratane ko taiyAra na hoMge to yaha saca samajhiye ki hamAre mulka meM hiMsaka aura khUkhAra krAnti hue binA nahIM rhegii|" unhoMne dhanapatiyoM se kahA ki ve apanI nitAMta AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie dhana ko rakhakara zeSa dhana ko samAja kI dharohara mAneM aura usake nyAsI bana kara rheN| unhoMne sAMpradAyika ekatA para bhI bala diyaa| unhoMne kahA "ekatA kA matalaba sirpha rAjanaitika ekatA nahIM hai| sacce mAnI to hai vaha dostI, jo tor3e na ttuutte| isa taraha kI ekatA paidA karane ke lie sabase pahalI jarUrata isa bAta kI hai ki kAMgresa-jana, ve kisI bhI dharma ke mAnane vAle hoM, apane ko hindU, musalamAna, IsAI, pArasI, yahUdI sabhI komoM kA numAiMdA smjheN| unhoMne mAnava ke pariSkAra ke lie gyAraha vratoM kA prAvadhAna kiyaa| unameM anya bAtoM ke sAtha sabase adhika bala madya-niSedha para diyaa| unakA mAnanA thA ki zarAba saba burAiyoM kI jananI hai| unhoMne tatkAlIna sarakAra se kAnUna banAkara usa vyAdhi ko rokane kA jahAM anurodha kiyA, vahAM zarAba kI dukAnoM para dharane kI bhI vyavasthA kii| mujhe yAda AtA hai ki dharane ke lie unhoMne mukhyata: bahanoM ko cunA, kyoMki ve mAnate the ki jitanA prema, karuNA aura saMvedanazIlatA bahanoM meM hotI hai utanI puruSoM meM nhiiN| bahaneM zarAba kI dukAnoM para khar3I ho jAtI thIM aura jaba kabhI koI zarAba pIne ke lie vahAM AtA thA to ve hAtha jor3akara rokane kA prayatna karatI thI, kintu yadi koI siraphirA vyakti unakI bAta nahIM mAnatA thA to ve dukAna ke sAmane leTa jAtI thIM taba kisI kI bhI himmata nahIM hotI thI ki vaha unake sIne para paira rakhakara dukAna ke bhItara praveza kre| gAMdhIjI bhArata ko gAMvoM kA deza mAnate the| unakA kahanA thA ki deza ke caMda zahara lAkhoM gAMvoM kI kamAI para jIte haiN| isalie unhoMne bAra-bAra kahA ki gAMva uTheMge to deza utthegaa| gAMvoM kA patana hogA to deza kA patana avazyambhAvI hai| ata: unhoMne navayuvakoM se Agraha kiyA ki ve dehAtoM meM jAeM aura dehAtiyoM ke bIca unhIM kI taraha rahakara unake abhikrama ko jAgRta kareM aura gAMvoM kI burAI dUra kareM, lekina durbhAgya se AjAdI ke dinoM meM zahara panape, gAMva suukhe| Aja hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 45
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________________ koI bhI vyakti gAMva meM jAkara dekha sakatA hai ki vahAM kI sthiti kitanI bhayAvaha hai| gAMvoM ke bahusaMkhyaka nivAsI na kevala garIbI aura gaMdagI ke zikAra haiM nirakSaratA, aMdhavizvAsa tathA roga bhI unheM cAroM ora se ghere hue haiN| zahara ke loga mAnate haiM ki gAMvoM ke nivAsI unakI meharabAnI para jIte haiN| pratyeka upakrama meM gAMdhIjI jahAM sAdhya ko mahatva dete the vahAM sAdhanoM kI zuddhatA para bhI jora dete the| unakA kahanA thA, "loga kahate haiM Akhira sAdhana to sAdhana hI hai|" maiM kahUMgA, "Akhira to sAdhana hI saba kucha hai jaise sAdhana hoMge vaisA hI sAdhya hogaa| sAdhana aura sAdhya ko alaga karane vAlI koI dIvAra nahIM hai| vAstava meM sRSTikartA ne hameM sAdhanoM para niyaMtraNa diyA hai, sAdhya para to kucha bhI nahIM diyaa| lakSya kI siddhi ThIka utanI hI zuddha hotI hai jitane hamAre sAdhana zuddha hote haiN| yaha bAta aisI hai, jisameM kisI apavAda kI guMjAiza nahIM hai| koI asatya se satya ko nahIM pA sktaa| satya ko pAne ke lie hamezA satya kA AcaraNa karanA hI hogaa|" ___ gAMdhIjI zAsana ke lie lokataMtra ko sarvopari mAnate the| lokataMtra meM loka pahale AtA hai "taMtra" bAda meN| loka se unakA Azaya loka zakti se thaa| binA loka-zakti ke saccA lokataMtra na sthApita ho sakatA hai, na cala sakatA hai| isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara unhoMne apane sabhI AMdolanoM ke dvArA jana-jana meM cetanA paidA karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| vaha racanAtmaka kAryoM ke dvArA deza kA abhyudaya karanA cAhate the| unakA kahanA thA, "maiM aisI sthiti lAnA cAhatA hUM jisameM sabakA sAmAjika darjA samAna mAnA jaay"| racanAtmaka kAma kA yaha aMga ahiMsApUrNa svarAjya kI mukhya cAbI hai| Arthika samAnatA ke lie kAma karane kA matalaba hai pUMjI aura majadUrI ke jhagar3oM ko hamezA ke lie miTA denaa| isakA artha yaha hotA hai ki eka ora se jina muTThI bhara paise vAloM ke hAtha meM rASTra kI sampatti kA bar3A bhAga ikaTThA ho gayA hai unakI sampatti ko kama karanA aura dUsarI ora se jo karor3oM loga bhUkhe aura naMge rahate haiM, unakI sampatti meM vRddhi karanA, jaba taka muTThI bhara dhanavAnoM aura karor3oM bhUkhe rahane vAloM ke bIca beiMtahA aMtara banA rahegA, taba taka ahiMsA kI buniyAda para calane vAlI rAjya-vyavasthA kAyama nahIM ho sktii| AjAda hindustAna meM deza ke bar3e-se-bar3e dhanavAnoM ke hAtha meM hukumata kA jitanA hissA rahegA utanA hI garIboM ke hAtha meM bhI hogaa| aura taba naI dillI ke mahaloM aura unakI bagala meM basI huI garIba majadUra bastiyoM ke TUTe-phUTe jhopar3oM ke bIca jo dardanAka pharka Aja najara AtA hai, vaha eka dina ko bhI nahIM ttikegaa|| gAMdhIjI kI sArI pravRttiyoM kA kendrabindu satya aura ahiMsA the| unhIM ke AdhAra para vaha deza ke nava nirmANa ke AkAMkSI the| durbhAgya se Aja deza mUlyoM ke bhayaMkara saMkaTa se gujara rahA hai| bhraSTAcAra, mahaMgAI, AtaMka, hiMsA, balAtkAra Adi vyAdhiyoM ne naitika mUlyoM kA hAsa kara diyA hai| jisa deza meM dUdha aura dahI kI nadiyAM bahA karatI thIM, usa deza meM Aja zarAba kI nadiyAM baha rahI haiN| kAlA bAjAra ujale bAjAra para hAvI ho rahA hai aura yena-kena-prakAreNa sattA ko har3apane aura paise se apanI tijoriyAM bharane ke lie dezavAsI lAlAyita haiN| satya aura ahiMsA kA galA ghuTa rahA hai| hiMsA Aja isIlie ugra ho rahI hai kyoMki ahiMsA nisteja ho gaI hai| anIti Aja isIlie phala-phUla rahI hai, kyoMki nIti niSprabha ho rahI hai| isIse hameM lagatA hai ki Aja eka aura gAMdhI kI AvazyakatA hai, lekina jisa gAMdhI ne deza ko mAnavIya mUlyoM ke rAja-mArga para agrasara kiyA thA, vaha gAMdhI to calA gayA, aba vaha Ane vAlA nahIM hai, lekina apane pIche vaha gAMdhI bahuta kucha aisA chor3a gayA hai jisa para sAmUhika rUpa se vyavahAra kiyA jAya to gAMdhI punarujjIvita ho sakatA hai| usI ke lie aba hameM saMkalpabaddha hokara prayAsa karanA caahie| sastA sAhitya maMDala, naI dillI hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 46