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________________ urdU bhASA meM jaina sAhitya -DaoN. nijAmauddIna bhArata meM vibhinna dharmoM aura sampradAyoM ko mAnane vAle loga rahate haiM aura vibhinna bhASAoM meM dhArmika sAhitya kI racanA ina logoM ne kI hai / jaina sAhitya arddhamAgadhI yA prAkRna meM hI nahIM racA gayA, varan bhArata kI anya bhASAoM meM bhI isakI racanA kI gaI hai| gujarAtI, baMgalA, paMjAbI, kazmIrI, urdU Adi bhASAoM meM jaina sAhitya dekhA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ kevala urdU bhASA meM viracita jaina sAhitya kA vivaraNa prastuta hai| lAlA sumeracanda jaina ne "jaina mata sAra" nAma se san 1938 meM 392 pRSThoM kI pustaka likhI jo jaina mitra maNDala, dillI se prakAzita kI gaI / urdU meM likhane kA kAraNa unhoMne pustaka kI bhUmikA meM spaSTa kiyA hai : pahale dharmagrantha prAkRta va saMskRta meM race gaye, aura aba una bhASAoM kA pracalana nhiiN| 18 vIM zatAbdI meM (vikra0) jainamata ke vidvAna ToDaramala jI, sadAsukha jI, daulatarAma jI ne vartamAna bhASAoM meM anuvAda kiyA jinase bahuta se loga lAbhAnvita hue| dharma kI bhAvanA ko akSuNNa rakhane ke lie pracalita bhASA meM hI likhA jaay| apanI isa pustaka meM unhoMne yaha bhI likhA ki "jainaprakAza' (1914), "zAharAhe nijAta" (1906) aura "dharma ke dasa lakSaNa" (1911) zIrSaka se urdU bhASA meM likhI gaI pustakeM-pustikAeM haiN| lAlA sumeracanda jaina ne jainadharma kA vivecana karate hue kahA hai--"jainamata do laphjoM 'jina' aura 'mata' se murakkaba (saMyukta) aisA zakhsa jisane rAga dveSa ko jIta liyA, yA yUM kaho ki jisakI na kisI se dostI hai na duzmanI, jo na kisI maragUba tabA (rucikara, manohara) duniyAvI zai (vastu) ke hAsila karane kI ragabata rakhatA hai aura nAgavAra taba zai (arucikara vastu) ko dUra karane kI khvAhiza / aise zakhsa ke lie duniyA meM koI zai maragUba yA gairamAgUba nahIM hai, vaha hara zai ko usakI asaliyata ke lihAja se dekhatA aura jAnatA hai aura 'jina' kahalAtA hai| jinamata ke mAnI haiM aise zakhsa kI rAya jisameM na to ajJAna hai aura na vaha kisI se dostI va duzmanI ke jajabAta (bhAvanA) se maraUba (prabhAvita) hai|" "jinamata ko hI Ama guphtagU meM jaina mata kahate haiM / laphja "jaina" kA artha "jina" meM etakAda (vizvAsa) rakhane vAlA zakhsa hai| jainamata zai (vastu) ke hara pahalU para gaura karane kI vajaha se "ekAnta mata" kahalAtA hai| dIgara tamAma majahaba ke khyAlAta isameM muztamila (zAmila) haiM, isalie yahI majahaba yUnivarsala majahaba ho sakatA hai| 'sanAtana jaina darzana prakAza' kI racanA lAlA sohana lAla jaina ne kii| yaha pustaka praznottara rUpa meM hai| pahale zloka phira urdU meM anuvAda, bAda meM usakA spaSTIkaraNa diyA gayA hai| arabI-phArasI zabdoM kA khUba prayoga kiyA gayA hai| urdU meM likhane kA kAraNa unhIM ke zabdoM meM par3hie- "kaI barasoM se mere mitra va dIgara ahabAba ne mujhako barA~gekhtA (bhar3akAyA) kiyA ki jaina dharma meM koI kucha kahatA hai aura kucha samajhatA hai / agara isa bAre meM tuma eka kitAba banA do to bahuta acchA hogA kyoMki sajjana to guna ke grAhI aura sat ke mutalAzI hote haiM / so ve to jarUra hI isa sat dharma ko pAkara nekaniyatI aura neka emAla (zuddha karma) se apane janma ko saphala kreNge| ...."magara Ajakala urdU kI jyAdAtara paravaratI ho rahI hai, devanAgarI se to bahuta thor3e vAkipha haiM jyAdA nhiiN| isalie kitAba urdU meM hI taharIra (likhI) ho to bahuta acchA hogA / " rAvalapiNDI (pAkistAna) se san 1903 meM lAlA kevar3Amala ne "jaina ratana mAlA" nAmaka 12 pRSThoM kI praznottara rUpa meM eka pustikA likhii| isameM saMskRta ke atirikta arabI-phArasI ke zabdoM kA acchA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yahAM isa pustaka kA kucha aMza pAMcaveM adhyAya se uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai "prazna-jainadharma meM Izvara kI nisabata (viSaya) meM kyA khyAla hai ? uttara-hama nijAta zudA (muktAtmA) ko Izvara mAnate haiN| prazna-agara mAnate ho to Izvara ko kisa rUpa se mAnate ho? 186 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya
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________________ uttara-kyA nijAta zudA kA koI rUpa hai ? koI nhiiN| magara hAM, agara ApakA yahI izArA kartA kI tarapha ho to hama Izvara ko kartA nahIM maante| prazna-jainadhama meM AtmA aura paramAtmA kA kyA pharka hai ? uttara-AtmA kahate haiM karmasahita jIva ko, paramAtmA kahate haiM karmarahita jIva ko (nijAta zudA ko)| prazna- AtmA kA jisma ke sAtha kyA tAlluka hai ? uttara-jisa taraha ApakA tAlluka apanI khAsa jagaha yA makAna se hai usI taraha hai|" 'anamola ratnoM kI kuMjI' kaI bhAgoM meM ayodhyA prasAda dvArA saMpAdita kI gii| pahalA bhAga praznottara ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai| dUsare bhAga meM mahAtmA gAMdhI aura madanamohana mAlavIya ke dharma, pazu-bali Adi para vicAra prastuta kiye gaye haiM / lAhaura se san 1918 meM eka laghu patrikA 'jaina dharma kI kadAmata va sadAkata para yUropIya muvarakhIna kI mudallila rAya' lAlA mathurAdAsa ke sampAdana meM prakAzita huii| yahAM pazcimI vidvAnoM, vicArakoM, cintakoM ke matoM ko ekatrita kiyA gayA hai| lAhaura se 'zAharAha-mukti' zIrSaka se kaI pracAra-pustikAeM urdU meM nikAlI gyiiN| aise hI eka TrekTa meM 36 bhajanoM ko saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| 'jaina tattva darpaNa' (1917) aura 'nava tattva' (1921) ambAlA se prakAzita urdU grantha haiN| 'AyanA hamadardI' (saMpAdaka pArasa dAsa) dillI se kaI bhAgoM meM nikalane vAlI patrikA thI jo 1916 meM prakAzita kI gii| isake tIna bhAga haiM-(1) hamadardI, rahamadilI, goztakhorI, dila AjArI aura IjArasAnI (kaSTa denA) ke mutAllika bAnIyAna majAhiba (dharma pravartaka) zorA (kavigaNa ) phujalA (vidvanmaNDala)aura hukamA (sudhAraka) vagaira ke khyAlAta maya eka jakhIma jamImA ke (vizada pariziSTa ke sAtha), (2) pacAsa ke karIba mazahUra-mazahUra hindU aura jaina zAstroM ke takarIbana savA tIna sau caudA-cIdA (cune gaye) zlokoM kA anuvAda, (3) goztakhorI ke viSaya meM DAkTaroM ke vicAra / husna avvala' (prathama bhAga) ke saMpAdaka paM. jinezvara prasAda 'mAila' dehalavI haiN| 258 pRSThoM kI isa pustaka meM jainadharma ke sAtha aura bhI naitika, dArzanika nibandha samAviSTa haiN| isake prathama adhyAya 'vakta' kA thor3A sA aMza yahAM diyA jAtA hai "garaja isa taguyyurAta ke samandara meM kyA jAnadAra, kyA bejAna, eka sUrata para kisI ko bhI karAra nahIM hai| vakta eka parindA hai ki barAbara ur3A calA jAtA hai aura isa suraata (tIvratA) se ur3atA hai ki nigAheM dekha nahIM sakatIM, kAna usake pairoM kI sanasanAhaTa suna nahIM skte| hAM, usakI gardana meM eka ghaMTI baMdhI hai jisakI AvAja se apanI raphtAra kA imtiyAja ahale duniyA ka karAtA jAtA hai aura sAmAne duniyA ko naye se purAnA aura purAne se nayA banAtA hai| usake paMjoM se anaginata dhAge ulajhe hue haiN| yaha jAnadAroM ke riztehayAta (jIvana ke sambaMdha) haiM jo paravAja ke sAtha khiMcate cale jAte haiN| usameM jisakI hRda A jAtI hai vaha TUTa jAtA hai| isI ko mauta kahate haiM jisa para kisI ko akhtayAra nahIM-- rI meM hai rakhaze una kahAM dekhiye yame, na hAtha bAga para hai, na pA hai rakAba meM / (gAliba) yaha bhI eka kisma kI tabadIlI hai aura laphja intakAla ke mAnI bhI nakloharakata (gatimAna honA) karanA hai| hAsila kalAma (kahane kA abhiprAya) yaha ki duniyA eka purazora (kolAhalapUrNa) samandara hai jisameM havA ke jora se kahIM meMr3hA uchala rahA hai, kahIM bhaMvara par3a rahA hai, kahIM pAnI pahAr3oM se TakarAtA hai aura kahIM yakarukhA bahA calA jAtA hai| kisI jagaha phitarI dilacaspiyoM ne maMjara (dRzya) ko hada se jyAdA dila-Aveja banA diyA hai aura kisI jagaha nAgahAnI (acAnaka) hAdasoM ne vaha DarAvanA aura haulanAka sIna dikhAyA hai ki jI dahalA jAtA hai|" jainadharma kI kathAoM ko 'jaina kathA ratnamAlA' meM saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| ye kathAeM upadezAtmaka haiN| jamanAdAsa ne inakA saMgraha kiyA hai aura yaha lAhaura se chapI thI / isa pustaka ko adhyayana karane ke bAda yaha mAlUma par3atA hai ki saMsAra svapna ke samAna hai aura "isakA ArAma nakza baraAba (pAnI para nizAna) hai| insAna ko maujUdA vakta ganImata samajha kara dharma meM udyama karanA caahie| yaha jIva ko parahita meM sahAyaka hogaa| saba apanI agarAjo matalaba (svArtha) ke sAthI haiN| sivAya dharma ke aura koI jIva ke duHkha nivAraNa karane vAlA nhiiN|" inake atirikta 'zAna sUraja udaya' (dillI), 'lutphe rUhAnI urpha Atmika Ananda' (saM0 vizambharadAsa), 'vairAga prakAza' (lAhaura), 'jaina majahaba ke battIsa sUtroM kA khulAsA' (ambAlA), 'rAje hakIkata' (saMpAdaka durgAdAsa), 'jaina ratana prakAza' (ludhiyAnA) Adi kitanI hI patra-patrikAeM urdU meM nikAlI gayI haiN| jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 187