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________________ bhAratavarSa ke puNya prAMgaNa meM aneka saMskRtiyoM kA udgama, saMrakSaNa evaM saMvarddhana huA hai kintu zata sahasra lakSAdhika saMskRtiyoM meM bhArata kI prAcIna evaM maulika do saMskRtiyA~ haiM--eka hai zramaNa saMskRti, dUsarI brAhmaNa saMskRti / ina donoM saMskRtiyoM meM kahIM ekarUpatA hai to kahIM anekarUpatA bhI parilakSita hotI hai, tathApi yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye donoM eka-dUsare ke samIpa haiM / upAdhyAya pada svarUpa aura darzana zrI rameza muni zAstrI [ rAjasthAna kesarI zrI upAdhyAya puSkara muni ke ziSya ] zramaNa-saMskRti jaina aura bauddha dharma se anuprANita rahI hai| yaha saMskRti jIvana kI saMskRti hai, isakI samatA sArvabhauma hai| jaina evaM bauddha ina donoM dhArAoM ne apane sucintana kI suzItala jaladhArA se isako abhisiMcita kiyA hai| yaha mahimAmayI saMskRti AcAra aura vicAra ke samAnatA kI prasUtA bhUmi hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki isane apane asi meM cira-atIta kI adbhuta garimA ko saMjoe rakhA / jaina zramaNa-saMskRti ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta ke vaivArika udAtta dRSTikoNa kI vipuTI para AdhArita hai| yaha aisA prakAzastambha hai, jisase na kevala bhAratIya jIvana apitu sampUrNa vizva jIvana-darzana Alokita hai| isakI vaicArika udAratA darzana ke kSetra meM ekAntika vicAraNA kA sadA pratyAkhyAna karatI hai| vastutaH jaina saMskRti vyaSTigata dhAraNA kI apekSA samaSTigata dhAraNA ke prati AgrahazIla hai, anudAra dRSTikoNa ke nirmUlana ke prayAsa ke prati vizeSa rUpa se AsvAzIla hai| jaina vAGmaya 'meM 'zramaNa' zabda kI aneka vyAkhyAe~ milatI haiM / 'zrama' zabda apane Apa meM aneka tAtparyo evaM vyApaka artha - garimA ko sameTe hue hai| usase aneka rUpa banate haiM - zrama, sama, zamana, sumana / jo mokSa ke liye zrama karatA hai vaha zramaNa hai / jyotirmaya prabhu mahAvIra kA zramaNa saMgha bahuta hI vizAla thA / anuzAsana, saMgaThana, saMcAlana saMvarddhana Adi kI dRSTi se usakI apratima vizeSatAe~ rahI thiiN| prabhu mahAvIra ke nau gaNa the| ina gaNoM kI saMsthApanA kA pramukha AdhAra Agama sAhitya kI vAcanA evaM dhArmika kriyAnuzIlatA kI vyavasthA thA / gaNastha zramaNoM ke adhyApana evaM paryavekSaNa kA mahattvapUrNa kArya gaNadharoM para thA jina zramaNoM kI apana vyavasthA eka sAtha rahatI thI, ve sAre zramaNa eka gaNa meM samAviSTa the, adhyayana ke atirikta anyAnya vyavasthA meM bhI unakA sAhacarya evaM aikyabhAva thaa| jaina- paramparA meM gaNadhara kA eka gauravazAlI pada hai, kintu saMgha vyavasthA kI dRSTi se AcArya, upAdhyAya, 1. sthAnAMga sUtra, 6.680. .
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________________ . 280 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa - . -. -. -. -. -. pravartaka, sthavira, gaNI, gaNadhara, gaNAvacchedaka padoM kI sundara vyavasthA kI gaI,' vaha vAstava meM usa yuga meM saMgha kA sarvatomukhI vikAsa, saMrakSaNa-saMvardhana kA viziSTa udAharaNa thaa| __ yahA~ para upAdhyAya pada ke sandarbha meM vicAra-cintana prastuta karanA hamArA abhipreta viSaya hai| isa pada ke sambandha meM jainAgamoM meM aura usake uttaravartI vADmaya meM atyadhika mUtyavAn sandarbha prApta hote haiM, ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki upAdhyAya pada bhI jaina-paramparA meM eka gauravapUrNa pada rahA hai| jainadarzana jJAna aura kriyA ke samanvita anusaraNa para AdhArita rahA hai| jJAna aura kriyA-do donoM hI pakSa jaina zramaNa-jIvana ke anivArya pakSa haiN| jaina-sAdhaka jJAna kI ArAdhanA meM apane Apako bar3I hI tanmayatA se jodd'e| jJAnapUrvaka samAcarita kriyA meM Atmika nirmalatA kI anupama suSamA prasphuTita hotI hai| jisa prakAra jJAna-pariNata kriyA kI garimA hai, ThIka usI prakAra kriyAnvita jJAna kI vAstavika sArthakatA bhI siddha hotI hai| jisa sAdhaka ke jIvana meM jJAna aura kriyA kA pAvana-saMgama nahIM huA hai, usakA jIvana bhI jyotirmaya nahIM bana sktaa| tAtparya kI bhASA meM yaha kahanA sarvathA saMgata hogA ki jo zramaNa jJAna evaM kriyA ina donoM pakSoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita kara sAdhanApatha para agrasara hotA rahegA, vaha apane lakSya ko prApta karane meM adhika saphala bnegaa| jaina-zramaNa-saMgha meM AcArya ke bAda dUsarA pada upAdhyAya kA hai, isa pada kA sambandha adhyayana se rahA hai| prastuta pada zrutapradhAna athavA sUtrapradhAna hai| yaha saca hai ki AdhyAtmika sAdhanA to sAdhaka-jIvana kA avicchinna aMga hai| upAdhyAya kA pramukha kArya yahI hai ki zramaNoM ko sUtra-vAcanA denA / upAdhyAya kI katipaya-vizeSatAe~ ye haiMAgama-sAhitya sambandhI vyApaka aura gahana adhyayana, prakRSTa prajJA, pragalbha pANDitya / upAdhyAya kA sIdhA-sA artha hai-zAstra-vAcanA kA kArya krnaa| prastuta zabda para aneka manISI AcAryoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se vicAra-cintana kiyA hai| jinake pAsa jAkara sAdhujana adhyayana karate haiM, unheM upAdhyAya kahA gayA hai| jJAna, darzana aura cAritra rUpa ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA meM svayaM nipuNa hokara anya vyaktiyoM ko jinAgamoM kA adhyayana karAne vAle upAdhyAya kahalAte haiN| jisake sAnnidhya meM jAkara zAstra kA paThana evaM svAdhyAya kiyA jAtA hai, vaha upAdhyAya kahalAtA hai| isIlie AcArya zrI zIlAMka ne upAdhyAya ko adhyApaka kahA hai| 1. (ka) sthAnAMga sUtra, 4, 3, 323 vRtti| (kha) bRhatkalpasUtra, 4 uddezaka / 2. (ka) bArasaMgo jiNakkhAo sajjao kahio buha / ta uvaissaMti jamhA, uvajjhayA teNa vuccaMti / / -bhagavatI sUtra, 1. 1. 1, maMgalAcaraNa meM A0ni0 gAthA, 664. (kha) upAdhyAyaH suutrdaataa|| -sthAnAMgasUtra, 3. 4. 323 vRtti / 3. upetya adhIyate yasmAt sAdhavaH sUtrAmityupAdhyAyaH / -Avazyakaniyukti 3, pRSTha 446, AcArya hribhdr| 4. ratnatrayeSudyatA jinAgamArthaM samyagupadizaMti ye te upAdhyAyAH / -bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodayA TIkA-46 / 5. upAdhyAya adhyaapkH| -AcArAMga : zIlAMkavRtti sUtra 276 / .
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________________ upAdhyAya pada : svarUpa aura darzana 281 . upAdhyAya zabda kI niyukti karate hue kitanA sundara rUpa se kahA hai--'u' kA artha hai-upayogapUrvaka / 'va' kA artha hai-dhyAna yukta honaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki zruta-sAgara ke avagAhana meM sadA-sarvadA upayogapUrvaka dhyAna karane vAle ujjhA (uvajjhAya) kahalAte haiN|' isa prakAra aneka AcAryoM ne upAdhyAya zabda para gambhIratA ke sAtha vizada cintana kara artha vyAkRta kiyA hai| jaina-Agama-sAhitya ke parizIlana se yaha tathya suspaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina zramaNa-saMgha meM jaisA mahattva AcArya kA rahA hai, vaisA mahattva upAdhyAya kA bhI rahA hai| yaha dhruva satya hai ki upAdhyAya kA pada AcArya ke bAda AyA hai kintu isa pada kA gaurava kisI bhI prakAra se kama nahIM hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM AcArya aura upAdhyAya ina donoM ke pA~ca atizayoM kA ullekha huA hai| jaina-saMgha meM AcArya kA jitanA sammAna va gaurava hai, utanA hI sammAna aura gaurava upAdhyAya pada kA hai| jaise AcArya upAzraya meM praveza karate haiM to unake caraNoM kA pramArjana kiyA jAtA hai, ThIka isI prakAra upAdhyAya ke caraNoM kA bhI pramArjana kiyA jAtA hai, aisA ullekha prApta hotA hai| isI sUtra meM anyatra yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki AcArya aura upAdhyAya ke sAta saMgraha-sthAna batAye haiM, jinameM gaNa meM AjJA, dhAraNA pravartana karane kA dAyitva AcArya upAdhyAya donoM para hai| AcArya to saMgha ko anuzAsita rakhane kI dRSTi se cintana karate haiM, jabaki upAdhyAya zramaNa saMgha kI jJAnavijJAna kI dizA meM agragAmI rahate haiM / unakA mukhya kArya hai-zramaNa-saMgha meM zrutajJAna kI mahAgaMgA pravAhita krnaa| jaigAgamoM meM AcArya kI aSTavidha sampadAoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai, vahA~ yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki AcArya AgamoM kI artha-vAcanA dete haiN| AcAryazrI ziSya-samudAya ko AgamoM kA guru-gambhIra rahasya to samajhA dete haiM kintu sUtra-vAcanA kA jo kArya hai, vaha upAdhyAya ke dvArA sampanna hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki upAdhyAya ko sUtra vAcanA pradAtA ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki sUtroM ke pAThoccAraNa kI zuddhatA evaM vizadatA banAye rakhane kA dAyitva upAdhyAya para hai| anuyogadvArasUtra meM sUtroccAraNa ke doSa batAte hue unase AgamapATha kI surakSA karane kI sUcanA pradAna kI gaI hai aura padoM ke zikSita, jita, sthita vizeSaNa diye gaye haiN| saMkSepa meM unakA varNana isa prakAra hai1. zikSita 3. jita 5. parijita 7. ghoSasama 6. anatyakSara 11. askhalita 2. sthita 4. mita 6. nAmasama 8. ahInAkSara 10. avyAviddhAsara 12 amilita u ti uvagaraNa ve ti veyajjhANaessa hoi nidde se / eeNa hoi ujjhA eso aNNo vi pjjaao|| -abhidhAna rAjendra koSa, bhAga 2, pRSTha 883 / 2. sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna za2, sUtra 438. sthAnAMga, sthAna sUtra 7, sUtra 544, 4. dazAzrutaskandha, cauthI dazA / 5. sthAnAMgasUtra 3141323 kI vRtti /
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________________ 282 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturya khaNDa 13. avyatyAnaMDita 14. pratipUrNa 15. pratipUrNaghoSa 16. kaNThoSThavipramukta / Agama pATha ko zuddha, sthira aura yathAvat banAye rakhane kA kArya upAdhyAya kA hai, vastuta: upAdhyAyazrI ko sUtra-vAcanA dene meM kitanA prayatnazIla aura jAgarUka rahanA hotA hai, yaha ukta-vivaraNa se suspaSTa ho jAtA hai| AlaMkArika bhASA meM yoM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki upAdhyAya zramagasaMva-rUpI nandanavana ke jJAna-vijJAna rUpa vRkSoM kI zuddhatA evaM vikAsa kI ora sadA jAgarUka rahane vAlA eka udyAnapAlaka hai, kuzala mAlI hai| jaina sAhitya meM upAdhyAya ke 25 guNoM kA pratipAdana milatA hai / upAdhyAya ina guNoM se yukta ho, yaha apekSita hai| upAdhyAya jaise gauravapUrNa pada para kauna pratiSThita ho sakatA hai, usakI kyA yogyatA honI caahie| yaha bhI eka gambhIra prazna hai| kyoMki isa pada para ArUr3ha karane se pUrva usa vyakti ko zArIrika, mAnasika aura zaikSikayogyatA kI parIkSA ko kasauTI para kasA jAtA hai| yadi koI vyakti isa pada ke liye ayogya hai aura vaha isa para AsIna ho jAtA hai to vaha isa pada kA aura zAsana kA bhI gaurava ghaTAyegA hI, malina kara degaa| isIliye jaina manISI-cintakoM ne upAdhyAya kI yogyatA ke viSaya meM bahuta hI gambhIratA ke sAtha vicAra-cintana kiyA hai| jo zramaNa kama se kama tIna varSa kA dIkSita ho, AcArakalpa arthAt AcArAMga sUtra va nizItha kA jJAtA ho, AcAra-niSTha evaM sva-samaya aura para-samaya kA jJAtA ho evaM vyaMjanajAta ho / dIkSA aura jJAna kI yaha nyUnatama yogyatA kA jisa vyakti meM abhAva hotA hai vaha upAdhyAya ke mahattvapUrNa pada para AsIna nahIM ho sktaa| isake atirikta vaha zramaNa 25 guNoM se yukta honA bhI atIva Avazyaka hai| paccIsa guNoM kI gaNanA meM do prakAra kI paddhati dRSTigocara hotI hai| paccIsa guNoM kI prathama paddhati isa prakAra milatI hai| 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 1 karaNaguNa, 1 caraNaguNa=25 / gyAraha aMgoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM1. AcArAMga 2. sUtrakRtAMga 3. sthAnAMga 4. samavAyAMga 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti 6. jJAtAdharmakathA upAsakadazA 8. antagaDadazA 6. aNuttarovavAiyadazA 10. praznavyAkaraNa 11. vipAkazruta bAraha upAMgoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM1. aupapAtika 2. rAjapraznIya 3. jIvAbhigama 4. prajJApanA jambUdvIpaprajJapti 6. sUryaprajJapti 7. candraprajJapti 8. nirayAvaliyA 6. kappiyA 10. kappavaDaM siyA 11. puphiyA 12. puSpacUlikA 1. vyavahArasUtra 33, 719, 10 // 26. 2. jaina siddhAnta bola saMgraha, bhAga 6, pRSTha 215.
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________________ upAdhyAya pada : svarUpa aura darzana 283 karaNaguNa AvazyakatA upasthita hone para jisa AcAra vidhi kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha AcAra-viSayaka niyama karaNa yuga kahalAtA hai| caraNaguNa caraNaguNa kA artha hai-pratidina aura pratisamaya pAlana karane yogya guNa / zramaNa dvArA nirantara pAlana kiyA jAne vAlA AcAra caraNaguNa kahalAtA hai| paccIsa guNoM kI dUsarI gaNanA isa prakAra hai-- 1-12. aMgoM kA pUrA rahasya jJAtA ho| 13. karaNaguNa sampanna ho|' 14. caraNaguNa sampanna ho| 15-22. ATha prakAra kI prabhAvanAoM se yukta ho| 23. manoyoga ko vaza meM karane vAlA ho| 24. vacanayoga ko vaza meM karane vAlA ho| 25. kAyayoga ko vaza meM karane vAlA ho| uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai--jaina-zramaNaparamparA meM upAdhyAya kA kitanA adhika gauravapUrNa sthAna hai aura unakI kitanI AvazyakatA hai / upAdhyAya jJAna rUpI divya-dIpa ko saMgha meM prajvalita rakhakara zruta-paramparA ko Age se Age bar3hAte haiN| 1. karaNasattarI-isake sattara bola haiM piMDavisohI samiI bhAvaNA paDimA ya iNdiyniggho| paDilehaNa guttIo abhiggahaM ceva karaNaM tu|| --pravacanasAroddhAra, dvAra 68, gAthA 596 2. caraNasattarI ke sattara bola haiM vaya samaNadhamma saMjama veyAvaccaM ca bNbhguttiio| nANAitiyaM tava kohaniggahAihaM caraNameyaM // . -dharmasaMgraha-3.