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________________ ugrAdityAcArya kA rasAyana ke kSetra meM yogadAna DA0 naMdalAla jaina rasAyana ke udbhava evaM vikAsa kA zreya, rasoIghara, rasazAlA aura rasAyanazAlA ko diyA jA sakatA hai| rasoIgharoM kA itihAsa agni ke AvirbhAva ke sAtha prAraMbha huA aura yaha atiprAcIna hai| agni kA yoga khAdya padArthoM ko supAcya aura rasAyana banAtA hai| bhojana evaM jalavAyu ke asantulana se hone vAlI vikRtiyoM ko dUra kara rasazAlAyeM mAnava ko AyuSya-jJAnI aura bhaiSaja-jJAnI ke rUpa meM svastha evaM dIrgha jIvana pradAna karatI haiN| rasAyanazAlAyeM jIvana ko bhautika sukhasuvidhAoM se sajjita kara samRddhimaya banAtI haiN| vastutaH Adhunika rasAyana kA vikAsa rasazAlAoM se hI huA hai| prAraMbha meM inameM prAkRtika vanaspati evaM khanija padArthoM tathA pArada Adi tatvoM va yaugikoM se svasthyakara yaugika banAye jAte rahe haiN| yahI nahIM, kAlAntara meM pArada evaM anya dhAtuoM ko svarNa meM pariNata karane ke liye pArasa-patthara yA prakriyAoM kI khoja tathA iha jIvana meM amaratva prApta karane kI lAlasA kI pUrti inake anyatama uddezya rahe haiN| yadyapi mAnava ina donoM hI uddezyoM ko pAne meM asamartha rahA aura Aja bhI isa dizA meM prayatnazIla hai, lekina isa prayatna meM pUrva aura pazcima ke vaijJAnikoM ne aneka prakAra kI bhautika evaM rAsAyanika vidhiyoM kA vikAsa kiyaa| isa vikAsa meM pUjyapAda, samantabhadra, ugrAdityAcArya evaM aneka jainAcAryoM kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna hai| ___ DA0 re' ne bhAratIya rasAyana ke itihAsa ko prAgaitihAsika (I0 pU0 4000-1500), Ayurvedika evaM vaidika (1500 I0 pU0 se 800 I0), saMkramaNa evaM tAMtrika (800-1300 I0) evaM auSadha-rasAyana (1300-1600 I0) yugoM ke nAma se cAra caraNoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| sindhu ghATI sabhyatA ke yuga meM aneka prAkRtika khanijoM evaM tAmra, svarNa, rajata evaM kAMsya dhAtuoM tathA kucha kalAoM kA patA calatA hai jinameM rAsAyanika kriyAoM kA upayoga hotA hai| vaidika yuga meM chaha dhAtuoM tathA aneka surAoM evaM peyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| atharvaveda meM to devavAda evaM auSadhazAstra ke mAdhyama se rasAyana ke aneka prAraMbhika aura kucha vikasita rUpa milate haiN| isameM rasAyana se saMbaMdhita viSa vidyA, rasAyana vidyA evaM vAjIkaraNa vidyA ke aneka ullekha haiN| prAcIna jaina grantha uttarAdhyayana evaM dazavakAlika se jJAta hotA hai ki aneka auSadhoM aura dhUmroM kA prayoga cala par3A thaa| isI yuga meM bhArata meM bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika jagata se saMbaMdhita aneka 1. re, po0; hisTrI Ava kemisTrI ina ensiyanTa eNDa meDovala inDiyA, iNDiyana kemikala sosAyaTI, kalakattA, 1956, pR0 11. 2. sAdhvI, caMdanA (saMpA0); uttarAdhyayana sUtra, sanmati jJAnapITha AgarA, pu0 72, pR0, 148 / 3. A0 zayyaMbhavaH dasavemAliya (saM0 muni nathamala), jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, 1974, pR0 70, 87.
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________________ ugrAdityAcArya kA rasAyana ke kSetra meM yogadAna 185 siddhAnta pallavita ho rahe the| isa yuga ke cikitsIya yA rAsAyanika vivaraNa kA koI mahatvapUrNa grantha upalabdha nahIM hai, phira bhI anya viSayoM ke granthoM meM upalabdha sphuTa vivaraNa hI hameM isa dizA meM kucha AbhAsa dete haiN| udAharaNArtha AcArAMga,' sthAnAMga va nizIthacUrNI meM bhojana ke cAra ghaTakoM kA ullekha AtA hai| dazavaikAlika meM chaha lavaNa, Arsenika evaM pArada ke lavaNoM ko jalAkara banane vAlA ziroroganAzI dhUmra tathA AzIviSa evaM tAlapuTa viSoM kA ullekha hai| sthAnAMga* meM cikitsA ke cAra aMgoM, bhojana evaM viSapariNAmoM, nau vikRtiyoM (dahI, ghI Adi), sAta dhAta golakoM (hIrA evaM maNi bhI usa samaya dhAta mAne jAte the) evaM chaha zastroM kA ullekha hai| inameM agni (visphoTaka), viSa, lavaNa, sneha, amla aura kSAra-AdhArita zastra haiM jinameM rAsAyanika prakriyAyeM samAhita haiN| isameM Ayurveda ke aSTAMgoM ke nAma bhI Aye haiM jinameM jaMgolI (viSa), rasAyana evaM kSArataMtra rasAyana ke hI aMga haiN| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata va pANini ke sAhitya' meM bhI aise hI aneka sphuTa vivaraNa pAye jAte haiN| ye sabhI uddharaNa lagabhaga I0 pU0 500 ke haiN| inase patA calatA hai ki zikSA ke kSetra meM sAmAnyataH auSadha evaM rasAyana vidyA ko sthAna nahIM mila pAyA thaa| isake viparyAsa meM, jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke dvAdazAMgI upadezoM meM dRSTivAda" nAmaka bArahaveM aMga ke pUrvagata nAmaka khaMDa meM 'prANavAda' nAmaka eka svataMtra kSetra yA pUrva mAnA gayA thA jo auSadha aura rasAyana kA varNana karatA thaa| uttaravartI kAla meM rasAyana ke aneka rUpa zikSA kI bahattara kalAoM (hiraNyapAka, suvarNapAka, sajIva, nirjIva, carma lakSaNa, maNi lakSaNa, anna-pAna vidhi, zodhana-pRthakkaraNa vidhi Adi) meM jainAcAryoM ne sammilita kiye| yahI nahIM, jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti meM to striyoM kI 64 kalAoM meM bhI rasAyana aura vaidyaka kalA ko samAhita kiyA gayA hai| kauTilya ke IsApUrva cauthI sadI ke arthazAstra meM SaT-dhAtuprApti, maNi parIkSaNa, Asava evaM madirAyeM, rAsAyanika yuddhakalA, viSavidyA evaM amla, kSAra tathA aneka lavaNoM (haritAla, hiMgula Adi) kA vivaraNa milatA hai evaM tatkAlika rasAyana vidyA kI sthiti kA patA calatA hai| isa vivaraNa meM vaijJAnikatA kA paryApta aMza pratIta hotA hai, phira bhI isameM kalAtmakatA 1. RSi amolaka; AcArAMga sUtra (anuvAdaka), amola jaina jJAnAlaya, dhUliyA, 1960; pR0 162 2. zAstrI, hIrAlAla (anu0); sthAnAMga sUtra, Agama pra0 samiti, vyAvara, 1981, pR0 294. 3. sena, madhu; e kalcarala sTaDI oNva nizIthacUNi, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, bArANasI, 1975, pR0, 124. 4. dekhiye, dasaveyAliya pR0 44, 45, 381, 432. 5. dekhiye, sthAnAGga pR0 392, 562-63, 669, 407, 916, 636. 6. vidyAlaMkAra, atrideva, Ayurveda kA bRhat itihAsa, sUcanA, vibhAga, lakhanaU, 1960, pR0 76-91. 7. AcArya, pUjyapAda; sarvArthasiddhi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha dillI, 1971, pR0 85. 8. jaina, je0 sI0 tathA mehatA, ema0 ela0; jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa-2, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI, 1966, pR0 27 evaM 117. 9-10. vidyAlaMkAra-pUrvokta, pR0 129. 24
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________________ 186 DA0 naMdalAla jaina adhika pratIta hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM 36 pRthvI-padArthoM kA ullekha hai' isake nAmoM kA kauTilya se bahuta kama sAmya hai| vargIkaraNa aura nAmakaraNa kI vidhi bhI bhinna hai| para isase eka tathya prakaTa hotA hai ki pAre ke lavaNoM kA jJAna una dinoM ho cukA thaa| ___ kauTilya ke bAda caraka aura suzruta kA samaya AtA hai| ina auSadha granthoM meM paryApta rAsAyanika sAmagrI milatI hai| yadyapi ina granthoM ke mUla lekhakoM ke samaya ke viSaya meM kAphI matabheda hai, para yaha sAmAnya mAnyatA hai ki 'caraka' aura 'suzruta' zabda eka paraMparA ko nirUpita karate haiM jo mahAvIra-yuga taka mAnI jAtI hai| paraMtu ina granthoM ke anuzIlana se adhikAMza vidvAn2 yaha mAnate haiM ki ye grantha IsApUrva dUsarI sadI meM likhe gaye the| inakA saMskAra bhI kiyA gayA hai| isIliye ina granthoM meM paryApta vikasita rAsAyanika jAnakArI milatI hai| inameM prAkRtika evaM pArthiva khanijoM ke 133 nAma diye haiN| isameM chaha dhAtu, pAMca lavaNa, pAMca khanija, amla evaM kSAra Adi ke atirikta dhAtu-mAraNa evaM nau prakAra ke srotoM se prApta caurAsI prakAra ke kiNvita peyoM kA nAma bhI hai| gaMdhaka aura pArada ke sAtha ina tatvoM ke bhI nAma bahulatA se pAye gaye haiN| yaha sAhitya mukhyataH Ayurvedika hai para isameM bhUtavidyA aura maMtravidyA kA bhI rogazamana hetu ullekha hai| cUMki auSadha kA artha rasa-dhAraka evaM roganivAraka hai, ataH ise rasAyana kahA gayA hai / phalataH bhAratIya rasAyana kA vikAsa Ayurveda ke mAdhyama se huA, yaha spaSTa hai| khanijoM ke upacAra se dhAtuyeM aura unake zodhana tathA upacAra se raMga-biraMge yogika-sammizra banane se cAmatkAritA kA bhAva svAbhAvika hI thA isake kAraNa rasAyana ko kImiyAgirI bhI kahA jAne lgaa| uparokta granthoM ke bAda agale cAra-pAMca sau varSoM taka punaH koI viziSTa sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| para yahAM bhI kundakunda kA dhArmika sAhitya hameM 100-200 I0 ke sAmAnya rAsAyanika jJAna kI dhAraNA banAne meM sahAyaka hai| jaina ne batAyA hai ki kundakunda-yuga meM paramANuvAda, dhAtu kriyA aura zodhana, rasa-vidyA, viSa vidyA pracalita thii| vAyu kI jvalana kriyA meM anivAryatA, jala kI zodhana kSamatA tathA aneka padArthoM kI jala-avileyatA tathA phiTakarI evaM uttApana dvArA jalazodhana kI kriyAoM kA vizeSa ullekha hai| jainAcArya samaMtabhadra (cauthI-pAMcavIM sadI) ke siddhAnta rasAyanakalpa, puSpAyurveda tathA aSTAMgasaMgraha kA ullekha aneka nirdezoM meM AtA hai, parantu ye grantha pUrNataH upalabdha nahIM haiN| inake viSaya inake ullekhoM se anumita kiye jA sakate haiN| pA~cavIMchaThavIM sadI ke pUjyapAda devanandi ke kalyANakAraka, zAlakyataMtra aura vaidyAmRta nAmaka granthoM kA ullekha ugrAdityAcArya, mummaTa muni evaM vasavarAja ne kiyA hai, lekina ye grantha bhI upalabdha nahIM haiN| uttaravartI sadI ke siddha nAgArjuna, jo pUjyapAda ke bhAMje the, ne bhI aneka grantha likhe haiN| ye nAgArjana valabhI vAcanAkAra nAgArjuna ke kAphI bAda meM hue haiN| bauddhoM meM bhI nAgArjuna hue haiN| 1. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, pR0 390-91. 2. upAdhyAya, baladeva; saMskRta zAstroM kA itihAsa, zAradA maMdira, kAzI, 1969, pR0 11. 3.(a) satyaprakAza; vaijJAnika vikAsa ko bhAratIya paraMparA, bi0 rA0 paTanA, 1954, pR0 243; (ba) AcArAMga sUtra, pR0 62 4. jaina, ena0 ela0; sAyaMTiphika kanTenTsa Apha aSTapAhuDA saMskRta vi0 saMgoSThI, kAzI, 1981. 5. ugrAdityAcArya; kalyANakAraka, sakhArAma, nemacandra granthamAlA, zolApura, 1940; bhUmikA.
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________________ ugrAdityAcArya kA rasAyana ke kSetra meM yogadAna 187 aneka vidvAnoM ke etat saMbaMdhI anuzIlanoM se lagatA hai ki mUlataH kisI prasiddha nAgArjuna kI upAdhi aneka uttaravartI AcAryoM ne grahaNa kI, jisase unakI prAmANikatA puSTa ho| pro0 re aura satyaprakAza ke mata ke viparIta vidyAlaMkAra' kA mata hai ki isI yuga meM kAzyapasaMhitA aura aSTAMgahRdaya likhe gye| pUrvokta prAcIna sAhitya ke avalokana se yaha spaSTa hai ki usa yuga meM bhArata meM pArada, lavaNa, gaMdhaka evaM usake aneka yaugika prayoga meM Ate the aura unakA rasAyanazAstra bhI vikasita ho cukA thaa| pArada se sonA banAne kI vidhiyoM kA bhI paryApta ullekha isa sAhitya meM milatA hai| yadyapi pArada evaM usake yaugikoM kA cikitsIya kAryoM meM prayoga hone kI bAta dekhane meM nahIM AI, yadyapi kucha sthaloM para inake bAhya-prayogoM kA ullekha avazya milatA hai| ___ aneka vidvAnoM ke AloDanoM se pratIta hotA hai ki pArada aura gaMdhaka ko vibhinna rUpoM evaM yogoM ko cikitsA ke kSetra meM pratiSThita karane kA zreya bauddha siddhoM evaM nAtha sampradAya, ko diyA jAnA cAhiye / yahA~ bhI nAgArjuna kA nAma parezAnI meM DAlatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye donoM hI sampradAya lagabhaga navIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM pratiSThita hue haiN| inameM nAgArjuna ko kahIM chaThavA~ to kahIM solahavA~ siddha batAyA gayA hai| ye pArasanAthI zAkhA ke rasezvara siddha mAne gaye haiN| yadi unheM rasa cikitsA kA mUla bindu mAnA jAva, to inake isa samaya ke AdhAra para aneka vivaraNa saMzodhanIya hA jaaveNge| phalataH yaha mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata hogA ki ukta sampradAyoM ne inakI rasasaMbaMdhI pratiSThA ko dekhakara inheM apane mahApuruSoM meM se eka siddha mAna liyA ho| inheM sAtavIM sadI kA mAnakara hI bhAratAya rasAyana ke itihAsa meM saMgatatA A skegii| rasAyanajJa nAgArjuna ke samaya rasa, sUta yA pArada aura usake yaugikoM kA AyuSmAnI auSadha ke rUpa meM paryApta upayoga hone lagA thA aura usane pArada-zodhana aura usake yaugikoM ke banAne meM kAma AnevAlA aneka prakriyAoM kA vikAsa kiyA thaa| ye dakSiNa ke rahane vAle the, AMdhra pradeza meM inake nAma para eka vizvavidyAlaya sthApita kiyA gayA hai| uttaravartI rasa-zAstrajJoM ne bhI inakA anusaraNa kara naye-naye yaugika banAye evaM rasa cikitsA ko bddh'aayaa| DA0 guNa ke anusAra, jainAcAryoM ne bho rasazAstra, nirghaTu evaM auSadha-vijJAna para bahuta kAma kiyA hai| nAgArjuna se lagabhaga 150 varSa bAda hI vartamAna ur3IsA ke trikaliMga kSetra meM unAditya nAmaka jainAcArya hue haiN| inhoMne prAcIna AcAryoM ke granthoM kA sAMgopAMga adhyayana kiyA aura apane adhyayana tathA anubhavoM ko kalyANakAraka nAmaka grantha ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyaa| yadyapi yaha mukhyataH Ayurvadika grantha hai, phira bho isameM navIM sadI ke jJAna-vijJAna kA acchA vivaraNa milatA hai| yahI nahIM, isa grantha ko kucha vizeSatAyeM haiN| yaha pUrvI bhArata meM Ayurveda para likhA gayA apane yuga kA prathama grantha hai| isake pUrva ke Ayurveda grantha adhikAMza dakSiNa (mukhyataH jaina grantha) aura uttaro somAnta ke AcAryoM ke haiN| phalataH isa grantha se yaha patA calatA hai ki bhArata ke vibhinna kSetroM ke vidvAnoM meM jJAna ke 1. vidyAlaMkAra, pUrvokta, pR0 217. 2. vahI, pR. 345-421. 3. zAha, e. pI0; jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa-5, pA0 vidyAzrama, kAzI, 1969, pR0 226.
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________________ 188 DA0 naMdalAla jaina AdAna-pradAna yA saMcaraNa kI kyA sthiti thii| yaha grantha nAgArjunottara yuga meM navIM sadI kA anyatama grantha hai jo uttaravartI pragati ke liye saMparka-sUtra kA kAma karatA hai| ugrAditya ne apane grantha meM pAtrakesarI, siddhasena, samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, dazaratha, meghanAda aura siMhasena nAmaka anya pUrvavartI AcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| inake uttaravartI jaina vidvAnoM meM gummaTadeva muni, guNAkara sUri, paMDita AzAdhara, Thakkura pherU, hitaruci Adi haiM jinhoMne apane anubhavapUrNa granthoM dvArA solahavIM sadI taka ugrAditya ke jJAna ko Age bar3hAyA hai| yaha vAstava meM acaraja kI bAta hai ki aise mahatvapUrNa grantha ke viSaya meM pro0 re, satyaprakAza aura upAdhyAya ke samAna vidvAnoM ne apane vidyAoM ke vikAsa-itihAsa viSayaka prakaraNoM meM mauna rakhA hai| isa dRSTi se vidyAlaMkAra kA vivaraNa prazaMsanIya haiM / zAha ne bhI inakA ullekha kiyA hai| ugrAditya kA paricaya 'kalyANakAraka' meM ugrAditya ne apanA paricaya pRthak se nahIM diyA gayA hai para grantha meM prApta sphuTa vivaraNoM se unake viSaya meM pUrNa to nahIM, para kucha jAnakArI milatI hai| nRpatuMga vallabhendu kI rAjasabhA ke ullekha se yaha anumAna lagatA hai ki ve navIM sadI ke pUrvAddhaM meM avazya hI rahe hoMge kyoMki rASTrakUTa rAjA amoghavarSa prathama ke nRpatuMga kahe jAne kA aneka vidvAnoM ne samarthana kiyA hai| inakA kAla 800-877 I0 mAnA jAtA hai| ye AdipurANa-racayitA jinasena (783 I0) ke ziSya the| saMbhavataH gaNitajJa mahAvIrAcArya (850 I0), dhavalAkAra vIrasenAcArya (815 I0) aura zAkaTAyana inake samakAlIna haiN| pro0 sAletora aura narasiMhAcArya kA bhI yahI mata hai| isa AdhAra para zAha evaM vidyAlaMkAra' kA yaha kathana samIcIna nahIM pratIta hotA ki ugrAditya kA samaya 11-12vIM sadI se pUrva nahIM ho sakatA / nAgArjuna kA 'rasaratnAkara' paryApta pUrva meM pracAra pA cukA thA aura ugrAditya ne apanI zailI meM unhIM rakSa-viSayoM kA saMkSipta varNana kiyA hai| __ugrAdityAcArya ke janmasthAna, mAtA-pitA evaM pArivArika jIvana ke viSaya meM abhI taka koI viziSTa jAnakArI nahIM mila sakI hai| tathApi, inake grantha ke anusAra, unake guru zrInaMdi the aura unhoMne apane grantha kA nirmANa trikaliMga deza meM sthita rAmagiri parvatastha jina mandira meM kiyA thaa| yaha aneka pUrvAcAryoM ke granthoM ke saMkSepaNa aura anubhavoM ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai| kalyANakAraka kA paricaya yaha grantha sakhArAma nemacandra granthamAlA, zolApura se 1940 I0 meM prakAzita huA hai| isakI bhUmikA prasiddha AyurvedajJa DA0 guNe ne likhI hai jisameM jainAcAryoM dvArA Ayurveda evaM rasazAstra ke kSetra meM kiye gaye yogadAna kA samIkSAtmaka itihAsa diyA gayA hai| isI ke AdhAra para anya uttaravartI vidvAnoM ne etadviSayaka ullekha diye haiN| yaha ekamAtra grantha hI ugrAditya kI kIrti ko amaratva pradAna karatA hai| isa grantha meM 25 pariccheda aura 2 pariziSTAdhyAya haiN| mukhyataH yaha Ayurveda grantha hai aura isameM cikitsAzAstra ke AThoM aMgoM kA varNana hai| isameM rAsAyanika mahattva kI aneka bAteM haiM / 1. vidyAlaMkAra, pUrvokta, 9 pR0 334-42.
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________________ ugrAdityAcArya kA rasAyana ke kSetra meM yogadAna 189 sabase mahattvapUrNa to yahI hai ki isameM aneka upayogI padArthoM va auSadhoM ke guNoM kA nirIkSaNa aura parIkSaNa diyA gayA hai / auSadhoM ko bhI samucita mAtrA meM lene kA ullekha hai / isa dRSTi se isake dhAnyAdi-guNAguNa vicAra (pariccheda 4 ), drava - dravyAdhikAra (pariccheda 5), rasAyanAdhikAra (pariccheda 6), viSarogAdhikAra (pariccheda 19) evaM rasa rasAyanAdhikAra (pariccheda 24) nAmaka pA~ca adhyAya mahattvapUrNa haiN| isake varNanAnusAra yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ugrAditya ke yuga meM vibhinna vanaspatiyoM, prAkRtika khanijoM va padArthoM ke sAtha-sAtha rasazAlA meM nirmita padArthoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAne lagA thA / isa grantha kI tIna vizetAyeM mahattvapUrNa haiM : (i) isameM kevala aisI auSadhoM/kalpoM kA varNana hai jo vanaspati yA khanija jagata yA usake saMsAdhana se prApta ho sakatI haiM / (ii) grantha ke antima hitAhitAdhyAya meM jainamata ke anusAra madya, mAMsa aura madhu kA upayoga anucita batAyA gayA hai / isameM isake samarthaka pUrvAcAryoM ke matoM kA khaNDana bhI kiyA gayA hai / ina tInoM kA tyAga Aja bhI jainoM ke ATha mUlaguNoM' meM mAnA jAtA hai / isIlie AcArya ne inheM apane auSadhoM ke nirmANa / anupAna meM prayukta nahIM kiyA hai aura inakI abhakSyatA para paryApta tarkasaMgata vivecana kiyA hai / inase pUrva ke anya jaina AyurvedajJoM kI bhI yahI paramparA rahI hai / madya evaM mAMsAhAra ke viruddha to isa yuga meM bhI kAphI vaijJAnika tathya jJAta hue haiM aura aneka rASTrIya va antarrASTrIya saMsthAoM ke mAdhyama aba inakA pracalana kama hone ke AsAra dikhane lage haiM / vivaraNa bhI jainetara granthoM se bhinna hai, yadyapi yaha tridoSoM para rasAyanAdhikAra pahale hai aura rasa rasAyanAdhikAra (iii) isakA Ayurvedika AdhArita hai / varNanakrama bhI bhinna hai / anta meM hai / rAsAyanika vivaraNa : (a) jala ke guNa 3 jIvana meM jala kA mahattva spaSTa hai, isalie usake rasAyana ko bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai / ise paMca bhUtoM meM eka mAnA gayA hai / vibhinna srotoM se prApta jala kA vivaraNa nimna hai : ( i ) kaThora, kAlI, patharIlI miTTI evaM tRNamaya sthAna kA jala khArA / khaTTA hotA hai / (ii) komala, sapheda, cikanI miTTI evaM tRNamaya sthAna kA jala svaccha madhura hotA hai / (iii) kaThora, rukSa, bhUrI miTTI evaM ThUMThadAra vRkSoM ke sthAna kA jala kaTu hotA hai / (iv) varSA kA jala amRta ke samAna hotA hai / ubalA jala auSadha -guNI hotA hai / hameM nIrasa, nirgaMdha, svaccha evaM zItala jala pInA cAhiye / bhUtalastha jala meM sparzagata, rasagata evaM pAkagata doSa hote haiM, ataH use zuddha kara hI pInA cAhiye / usake zuddha karane ke lie nimna upAya haiM : 1. paMDita, AzAghara; sAgAradharmAmRta, hindI grantha ratnAkara, baMbaI 1940 pR0 40. 2. kalyANakAraka, 18 pR0 714. 3. vahI, pR0 69.
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________________ DA0 naMdalAla jaina (a) dhUpa meM rakhanA (ba) rAta ko cA~danI meM rakhanA (sa) agni meM tapAnA (da) kapar3e se chAnanA (ya) katakaphala yA alasI kA tela milAnA / Adhunika vyAkhyAnusAra, sabhI vidhiyoM se jala meM vidyamAna vileya lavaNoM kA skaMdana yA avakSepaNa hotA hai| agni yA dhUpa ke yoga se kITANunAza bhI hotA hai| grantha meM vibhinna prakAra ke jaloM ke guNa-doSa batAye gaye haiM para inake kAraNa aura nivAraNa kI prakriyA kI vyAkhyA nahIM dI gaI hai| vastutaH jala ke saMracanAtmaka evaM zodhana-rasAyana kA vikAsa unnIsavIM sadI ke uttarArdha meM ho skaa| (ba) anya padArthoM ke guNa : jala ke atirikta aneka Thosa khAdyoM, zAka-bhAjI evaM tarala peyoM kA bhI grantha meM guNa vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| inameM dhAna, dAleM, tila, gehU~ aura jau Adi ke tridoSAdhArita vivaraNa diye gaye haiN| vibhinna prakAra ke jamIMkadoM ko puSTikara evaM viSanAzaka batAyA gayA hai|' pAlaka, bathuA Adi pittavikAra yA amlatA ko dUra karate haiN| paravala amlatA, kSAratA, kRmi evaM carmarogoM ko dUra karatI hai| vibhinna prakAra ke masAle vAta evaM kapha nAzaka haiM (saMbhavataH ubhayadharmI ailkelAiToM ke kAraNa) / adarakha, kAlImirca, pIparAmUla, pyAja, lahasuna amlatA evaM kSAratA ko nAzakara jaTharAgni yA pAcana zakti ko bar3hAte haiN| ye uSNa arthAt uSmAdAyI hote haiM jinase vikAra pacate haiN| vibhinna khaTTe phala (ubhayadharmI amloM ke kAraNa) vAtanAzaka evaM malazodhaka hote haiN| kizamiza, kelA, mahuA, siMghAr3A evaM nariyala gariSTha evaM kapha-bardhI hote haiN| (saMbhavataH kizamiza meM ye guNa nahoM pAye jAte haiM ?) / dUdha ATha prakAra ke prANi-srotoM se prApta hotA hai| yaha vibhinna prakAra ke vanaspatija khAdya-padArthoM ke jovarAsAyanika paripAka kA pariNAma hai| yaha hitakara aura puSTikara hotA hai| dhAroSNa dUdha amRta hai, thakAvaTa dUra karatA hai| garama dUdha evaM uSNa-zItalita (Aja kA pescurAijDa) dUdha aneka (kRmi) rogoM meM lAbhakArI hai| yaha A~kha kI rozanI (viTAmina e ke kAraNa) banAtA hai aura Ayu-vardhaka (khanijoM ke kAraNa) hai| dUdha se utpanna dahI amlIya hotA hai, pAcanazakti bar3hAtA hai / yaha viSahara, vRSya evaM malAvarodhaka hai / maTThA khaTTA evaM zIghra pacanazIla hai| yaha bhI pAcanazakti bar3hAtA hai aura mala-mUtrazodhaka hai| makkhana evaM ghRta bhI khaTTemIThe rasAyana haiN| inameM zarIra ke teja, bala va Ayuvardhaka padArtha hote haiN| inameM bhuMje hue masAloM se chauMke aura banAye bhojya balavardhaka hote haiN| sirakA aura kAMjI khaTTI hotI hai aura vAtavikAra (amlatA) ko dUra karatI hai| vibhinna tela kezavardhaka, tejavardhaka evaM kRminAzaka hote haiN| mUtra bhI dUdha ke samAna ATha prakAra ke hote haiN| ye tIkSNa, kaDue evaM uSmAdAyI hote haiN| ye kRminAzaka evaM amlatA-kSAratA ko dUra karate haiN| aneka kSAroM meM bhI mUtra ke guNa hote haiN| ina mUtroM kA upayoga auSadha evaM anupAna meM kiyA jAtA hai| 1. kalyANakAraka, pR0 57. 2. vahI, pR0 75.
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________________ ugrAdityAcArya kA rasAyana ke kSetra meM yogadAna madya mAnasika vicAra zakti, heyopAdeya jJAna, sAmAnya krayAkSamatA evaM viveka ko duSita karatA hai / yaha aneka rogoM ko utpanna karatA hai aura manuSya kI garimA ko hIna banAtA hai| bhojana ke tIna pradhAna caraNa hote haiN| pahale caraNa meM snigdha-madhura (haluA-khIra Adi) khAne caahiye| dUsare caraNa meM khaTTe aura namakIna padArtha khAne caahiye| tIsare caraNa meM drava padArtha lene caahiye| pratyeka bhojana meM zAka-bhAjI, kAMjI aura dUdha avazya lenA caahiye| bhojana ke pAka se rasa, rudhira, mAMsa, bheda, asthi, majjA aura vIrya nAmaka sAta dhAtuyeM zarIra meM nirmita hotI haiN| ina padArthoM ke atirikta aneka prakAra kI vanaspatiyoM ke gaNoM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha varNana AcAryoM kI tIkSNa nirIkSaNa zakti evaM anubhavasAmarthya kA saGketaka hai| isameM saiddhAntika vyAkhyA samAhita nahIM hai| (sa) khanija evaM anya rAsAyanika kA vivaraNa grantha meM usa samaya auSadhiyoM ke rUpa meM prayukta Ane vAle aneka khanijoM evaM rAsayanika padArthoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN| isake antargata haratAla, nIlAMjana, kasIsa (pherasa salpheTa ), phiTakarI (ailama ), gerU ( Ayarana oNksAiDa ), paMcalavaNa, tutiyA ( kApara salpheTa ), dIpAMjana ( kAjala) mainasila (Arsenika salphAiDa), zilAjIta ( viTumaina ), mAkSika (pAyarAiTsa ), vaMsalocana, sphaTikamaNi Adi padArthoM kA ullekha hai| dhAtuoM meM sonA, cAMdI, tAMbA, lohA, sIsA evaM kAMse kA nAma hai| inakI bhasmoM kA bhI ullekha hai| isake atirikta, zaMkha, motI, pravAla, pArada bhasmoM kA bhI ullekha hai| inake banAne kI vidhiyAM bhI dI gaIM haiN| kapUra, bajrakSAra evaM gandhaka ke bhI aneka upayoga diye gaye haiN| rezamI kapar3e kI bhasma ko raktasrAva rokane meM upayogI batAyA gayA hai| kSArIya padArtha tIna kAma karate haiM-chedana, bhedana aura lekhn| ye vanaspatiyoM kI bhasmoM ko pAnI meM ubAlakara prApta kiye jAte haiN| ye tanu (svalpa drava) aura sAndra (ati drava) donoM hote haiN| ye cikane aura sapheda hote haiN| Aja kI bhASA meM mukhyataH poTaisiyamakArboneTa (yavakSAra) ke vilayana haiN| ghAvoM ko kSAroM se dhoyA jAtA hai jisase ve paka na skeN| ye pUtirodhI hote haiN| cikitsaka ko kSAra karma avazya jAnanA caahiye| yaha batAyA gayA hai ki auSadha ke pandraha kAryoM meM se Adhe se adhika aise hote haiM jinameM rAsAyanika prakriyAyeM kAma AtI haiN| , (va) viSa-varNana viSa ve padArtha haiM jo zarIra ke bAhya yA antargrahaNa se kaSTa pahuMcAve, zarIrakriyA meM bAdhaka bne| viSoM kA varNana kauTilya evaM suzruta ne kiyA hai aura viSajJa bhiSaka kI AvazyakatA rAjakula ko anivArya batAI hai / suzruta ke do prakAroM kI tulanA meM ugrAditya ne inheM tIna prakAra kA batAyA hai aura usake vargIkaraNa bhI kiye haiM 1. kalyANakAraka, pR0 55. 2. vahI, adhyAya 19 pR0 480.
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________________ 192 DA0 naMdalAla jaina (a) sthAvara, vanaspati evaM pArthiva viSa-ye jar3a, patra, puSpa, phala, chAla, dUdha, niryAsa, rasasAra, kaMda evaM dhAtu viSa ke rUpa meM dasa prakAra ke haiN| kanera, guMcI, kacanAra, dhatUrA, akauvA, goMda, kAlakUTAdi, kaMda aura saMkhiyA isI koTi ke viSa haiN| inakA prabhAva sAta caraNoM meM mAraka rUpa grahaNa karatA hai| (ba) jaMgama yA prANija viSa-ye prANi zarIra kI A~kha, zvAsocchavAsa, dAr3ha, lAra, mUtra, mala, zuka, nakha, vAta, pitta, guda, mukha, daMta zUka (DaMka), zava aura asthi ke mAdhyama se solaha prakAra se nirgamita hote haiN| ye sAMpa, baMdara, pAgala kuttA, ziMzumAra, chipakalI, cUhA, goMca, makkhI, macchara, viziSTa-machaliyoM evaM zavoM meM pAye jAte haiM / inakA viSa daMza yA sparza sthAna meM 450 kAla mAtrA taka rahakara apanA pUrNa prabhAva pUrvokta sAta caraNoM meM pradarzita karatA hai| yahA~ kAla kI mAtrA kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI gaI hai| (sa) kRtrima viSa-yadyapi isake viSaya meM grantha meM koI vivaraNa nahIM miltaa| phira bhI isake antargata aise padArthoM ko liyA jA sakatA hai jo rasazAlA meM taiyAra kiye jA skeN| vartamAna poTaisiyama sAyanAiDa, kArbana monoksAiDa, methiliyama sAyanAiDa Adi ko isa koTi meM hI rakhanA cAhiye / yadyapi ye usa yuga meM anupalabdha the| viSa kI cikitsA vamana, virecana evaM auSadha ke rUpa meM batAI gaI hai| viSaile jIvoM ke kATane para antaH praviSTa viSa ke liye baMdhana, raktamokSaNa, agnijalana yA jalaukAcUSaNa kI kriyAyeM prAthamika rUpa se batAI gaI haiN| pArada rasAyana pArada aura usake vibhinna yaugika aura mizraNa jIvana ko svAsthya evaM AyuSya pradAna karate haiN| isa AdhAra para bhArata meM rasataMtra hI cala par3A thA jisameM kucha cAmatkAritA kA bhI aMza thaa| lekina isa taMtra se rasAyana ke vikAsa meM bar3I sahAyatA milI hai| bhArata meM rasAyana kA vikAsa rasataMtra ke mAdhyama se hI solahavIM sadI taka hotA rahA hai| ugrAditya isa taMtra kI bAlyAvasthA meM hue haiN| saMbhavataH unheM nAgArjuna kA rasaratnAkara sulabha nahIM ho sakA thA, isIliye pArada-rasAyana se saMbaMdhita unakA vivaraNa prAthamika stara kA hI mAnA jAyagA / nAgArjuna ke aThAraha saMskAroM kI tulanA meM pArada ke ATha mahAsaMskAroM kA hI yahA~ varNana haiM : svedana, mardana, dhAtumizraNa, sammizraNa, baMdhana, garbhadrAvaNa, raMjana evaM saarnn| ye saMskAra chaha kriyAoM ke mAdhyama se saMpanna hote haiM - mUrcchana (ThosIkaraNa), mAraNa (bhasmakaraNa), baMdhana (yaugikIkaraNa evaM sammizraNa), tApana, vAsana evaM kAsana / pAre ko gur3a ke sAtha mardita kara mUcchita kiyA jAtA hai| kaiMta ke phala ke rasa se usakA mAraNa hotA hai| rasabaMdhana rasazAlA meM kiyA jAtA hai| dolAyaMtra kI sahAyatA se pArada meM aneka padArtha milAkara evaM ghoMTakara use svedita (adhaHpAtita) karate haiM aura use baMdhana-yogya banAte haiN| zuddha pAre meM suvarNacUrNa milAkara ghoMTane aura chAnane para mizrarasa prApta hotA hai| isameM vibhinna vargoM ke padArtha milAkara kAMjI ke dolAyaMtra meM svedita karane para bhI rasabaMdha 1. kalyANakAraka adhyAya, 24 pR0 669.
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________________ ugrAdityAcArya kA rasAyana ke kSetra meM yogadAna prApta hotA hai| pAre meM tAmra, abhraka evaM lauhacUrNa Adi milAkara jAraNa (tApana) karane se bhI vibhinna rasabaMdha prApta hote haiM / ye rasa-baMdha hI auSadhoM meM kAma Ate haiN| makaradhvaja nAmaka auSadha pArada, gaMdhaka aura svarNa ke paraspara baMdha se prApta hotI hai| pArada aura rasAyana kArya ke liye jahA~ nAgArjuna ne 26 yaMtroM ke nAma diye haiM, vahA~ kalyANakAraka meM isase Adhe yaMtroM kA bhI ullekha nahIM hai| isase patA calatA hai ki ugrAditya pArada-rasAyana evaM upacAra ke varNana meM kAphI pIche haiM jabaki ve khanija evaM rAsAyanika padArthoM ke vivaraNa meM Age haiN| upasaMhAra ugrAditya kA kalyANakAraka grantha eka ora jahA~ yaha pramANita karatA pratIta hotA hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM usa yuga meM rasAyana vidyA adhika pragati para thI, vahIM yaha, yaha bhI prakaTa karatA hai ki dakSiNa aura pUrvI-uttarI bhArata meM jJAna vidyA ke saMprAsAraNa kI gati manda rahI hai aura samatulyatA meM do-tIna sau varSa kA antarAla bhI sAmAnya rahA hai| phira bhI, yaha grantha nAgArjuna aura uttaravartI rasajJoM ke bIca eka kar3I kA kAma karatA hai kyoMki anya mahattvapUrNa grantha kalyANakAraka ke sau varSa bAda ke hI pAye jAte haiN| sarvAdhika grantha bArahavIM-terahavIM sadI ke hI pAye jAte haiN| inameM kucha jainAcArya-racita bhI haiN| isa viSaya para abhI koI vizeSa kArya nahIM huA hai| isa bAta kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai ki jainAcAryoM dvArA rasAyana aura bhautika vijJAnoM meM yogadAna ke itihAsa kA sarvekSaNa evaM lekhana kiyA jAve /