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________________ tIrthaMkara aura Izvara ke sampratyayoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana - pro. sAgaramala jaina dharma zraddhA para AdhArita hai aura zraddhA kA koI kendra-binda honA caahie| isI kendra-bindu ke rUpa meM dharma ke antargata Izvara kI avadhAraNA nirmita huI hai| vizva ke sabhI dharmoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM zraddhA ke kendra-bindu ke rUpa meM Izvara kA pratyaya svIkRta rahA hai tathApi usake svarUpa evaM nAma ke sambandha meM vibhinna dharmoM ke alaga-alaga dRSTikoNa haiN| bauddha dharma meM use arhata, buddha, dharmakAya aura jainadharma meM paramAtmA, tIrthakara, vItarAga, arahanta Adi nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| sabhI dharmoM meM usa paramAtmA yA Izvara ko sarvazaktimAna, sarvajJa, samasta doSoM se rahita aura samasta guNoM kA puMja mAnA gayA hai| ina avadhAraNAoM ke sandarbha meM sAmAnya rUpa se vibhinna dharmoM meM kisI prakAra kA matabheda nahIM hai kintu kucha anya aisI avadhAraNAe~ haiM jinheM kucha dharma svIkAra nahIM krte| jaise -- Izvara advitIya hai, vaha ekameva hai, vaha vizva kA saSTA aura niyantA hai, vaha apanI asIma karuNA ke dvArA apane bhaktoM kA kalyANa aura duSToM kA saMhAra bhI karatA hai| jahA~ taka jainadharma kA prazna hai usameM bhI paramAtmA ko sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, sarvazaktimAna aura Anandapuja ke rUpa meM ananta-catuSTaya se yukta mAnA gayA hai, kintu vaha na to Izvara yA paramAtmA ko vizva kA sraSTA aura niyantA mAnatA hai aura na use saMsAra ke prANiyoM ke apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala-pradAtA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| isI prakAra usameM eka mAtra advitIya Izvara kI avadhAraNA ke sthAna para aneka paramAtmAoM, arahanto (tIrthaMkaroM) evaM siddhoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| yadyapi upaniSadoM meM "ahaM brahmAsmi" ke udghoSa ke dvarA AtmA aura paramAtmA meM yA jIva aura Izvara meM tAdAtmya mAnA gayA thA sthApi Age calakara hindU-paramparA meM Izvara ko aMzI aura jIva ko aMza mAnakara isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA kI gyii| vastutaH jaba Izvara ko advitIya aura ekameva mAna liyA jAtA hai to jIva aura jagata kI usase svatantra yA pRthak sattA nahIM svIkAra kI jA sakatI thii| yahI kAraNa rahA ki pUrva aura pazcima ke adhikAMza dharmoM meM jIva aura jagat ko IzvarIya saMkalpa se abhivyakta evaM saMcAlita mAnA gayA aura vizva-vyavasthA ko IzvarIya-icchA ke adhIna mAnA gyaa| jaina-dArzanikoM ko vizva-sraSTA aura vizva-niyantA Izvara kI yaha avadhAraNA mAnya nahIM rahI hai| unakA kathana hai ki AptakAma pUrNa Izvara yA vItarAga paramAtmA vizva ke nirmANa, vinAza aura saMcAlana kI prakriyA meM kyoM ulajhegA ? jo AptakAma hai, pUrNa hai usameM koI icchA yA kAmanA zeSa hI nahIM rahatI hai aura binA icchA yA kAmanA ke koI bhI pravRtti sambhava nahIM hai| ataH Izvara ke dvArA vizva kA sarjana, vinAza yA saMcAlana sambhava nahIM hai| punaH yadi Izvara meM koI sRjana, saMhAra yA pAlana kI icchA zeSa rahatI hai to vaha pUrNa aura AptakAma to nahIM
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________________ 88 : pro0 sAgaramala jaina kahA jA sakegA, kyoMki icchA kI upasthiti apUrNatA kI sUcaka hai aura jo apUrNa hai, jisakI koI icchA zeSa rahI hai, vaha Izvara to nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataH AptakAma pUrNa Izvara yA paramAtmA ke dvArA svecchA se lIlA ke lie vizva ke sRjana, saMhAra Adi kI kriyAyeM sambhava hI nahIM haiN| punaH yadi kahA jAya ki Izvara to jIvoM ke karmAnusAra hI sRSTi kI racanA kara unake sukha-duHkha kI vyavasthA karatA hai to isake uttara meM jaina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki aisI sthiti meM hameM vizva-vyavasthA meM karma ke niyama ko Izvara ke Upara svIkAra karanA hogaa| yadi hama yaha mAne ki Izvara bhI karma-niyama kI vyavasthA ke anusAra hI prANiyoM ko unake zubhAzubha phala dene ko bAdhya hai aura apanI icchA se usameM kucha bhI parivartana nahIM kara sakatA hai to phira yaha sarvazakti-sampanna Izvara kA upahAsa hI hogaa| eka ora use sarvazaktimAn mAnanA aura dUsarI ora use svecchA se kiMcit parivartana kA bhI adhikAra na denA nizcaya hI sarvazaktimAn Izvara ke sAtha khilavAr3a hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra to Izvara vizva-vyavasthA meM eka aisA vyavasthApaka hai, jise pada to diyA gayA hai kintu adhikAra nhiiN| eka ora IzvarIya vyavasthA ko karma-niyama ke adhIna mAnanA aura dUsarI ora karmaphala kI vyAkhyA ke lie Izvara kI AvazyakatA batAnA karma-niyama aura Izvara donoM kA hI upahAsa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina paramparA meM na to Izvara ko vizva kA sraSTA aura saMcAlaka mAnA gayA aura na hI use karmaphala kA pradAtA hI batalAyA gayA hai| jaina-vicArakoM kA kahanA hai ki jisa prakAra viSapAna karane vAlA usake prabhAva se nahIM baca sakatA, usI prakAra karmoM kA kartA bhI usake prabhAva se nahIM bctaa| jisa prakAra bhA~ga, zarAba Adi nazIlI vastue~ unake upabhoga ke eka nizcita samaya ke pazcAt unake khAne vAle kI icchA kI apekSA kiye binA svataH hI apanA prabhAva dikhalAtI hai usI prakAra karma bhI svataH apanA phala pradAna karate hai, usameM vyavasthApaka (Izvara) kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| zrImad rAmacandra likhate haiM-- jhera sudhAsamaje nahIM, jIva khAya phala dhaay| ema zubhAzubha karma no, bhoktaapnnuNjnnaay|| jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM AtmA hI apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA kartA va unake phaloM kA bhoktA hai| karmoM ke kartA cetana-AtmA ke dvArA hI svayaM usakI vAsanA aura kaSAyoM ke AdhAra para karma ke phala-vipAka kA prakAra usakI kAlAvadhi aura tIvratA Adi kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai| ataH karmaphalapradAtA ke rUpa meM Izvara kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| phira bhI jaina dArzanika haribhadra ne sRSTikartA aura phalapradAtA Izvara sambandhI ina avadhAraNAoM ko jaina-paramparA se sammata batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki "jIva mAtra tAttvika dRSTi se paramAtmA hI hai aura vaha apane saMsAra (bhava-bhramaNa) kA sRSTikartA hai, sAtha hI svayaM apane karmoM kA kartA aura unake phala-vipAka kA nirdhAraka hai|" isa tAtvika dRSTi se vicAra karane para vizva evaM karma-niyantA ke rUpa meM IzvaravAda kI avadhAraNA bhI jaina paramparA se sammata, nirdoSa evaM vyavasthita siddha ho jAtI hai|
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________________ tIrthakara aura Izvara ke sampratyayoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana : 89 bhAratIya evaM itara dharmoM meM Izvara ke sambandha meM dUsarI mahattvapUrNa avadhAraNA yaha hai ki Izvara parama kAruNika hai| jaina-paramparA meM tIrthaMkara ko aura bauddha-paramparA meM buddha ko bhI parama kAruNika kahA gayA hai phira bhI tIrthaMkara yA buddha kI kAruNikatA meM aura Izvara kI kAruNikatA meM antara hai| Izvara kI kAruNikatA ko karma-niyama ke Upara svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| parama-kAruNika Izvara apane bhaktoM ke samasta aparAdhoM ko apanI kRpA yA karuNA se samApta kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra ina dharmoM meM Izvara kI kAruNikatA ko karma-niyama kI vyavasthA se bhI Upara mAnA gayA hai| gItA (18/65-66) meM bhagavAna kaSNa kahate haiM ki "ta mere meM mana lagA, mere meM jI aura mujhe namaskAra kara maiM tujhe sarva pApoM se mukta kara duuNgaa|" kintu jaina tIrthakara apane bhakta ko isa prakAra kA koI AzvAsana nahIM de sakatA kyoMki usakI karuNA karma-niyama se pare nahIM hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra yadi parama kAruNika Izvara kI karuNA karma ke niyama kA atikramaNa kara jAtI hai to karma-niyama kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jAtA aura karma-niyama ke abhAva meM dharma, naitikatA Adi svecchAcArI vyakti se adhika kucha nahIM rhtaa| svecchAcAra niyama-vyavasthA kA virodhI hai aura jo niyama yA vyavasthA kA virodhI ho use Izvara kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? punaH yadi Izvara kI karuNA ko karma-niyama ke adhIna kArya karane vAlI mAnA jAya to vaha karuNA vastutaH karuNA nahIM hotii| niyamAnusAra daNDa dene vAlA nyAyAdhIza karuNAzIla nahIM kahA jaayegaa| yadi kAruNika Izvara kA kArya karma-niyama se anuzAsita hai to phira aise Izvara ke Izvaratva kA na to koI mahattva rahatA hai aura na usakI karuNA kA koI artha / ataH IzvarIya kRpA kA yaha artha ki Izvara svecchA se cAhe jisakA kalyANa yA akalyANa kara sakatA hai athavA yaha ki vaha apanI svatantra icchA se apane bhaktoM kA kalyANa aura duSToM kA saMhAra karatA hai to yaha bAta Izvara ke Izvaratva kI dRSTi se yuktisaMgata pratIta nahIM hotI hai| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki Izvara apane bhaktoM ke bhakti se usake pApoM ko bhI kSamA kara detA hai to aisA Izvara cApalUsI pasanda vyakti se bhinna nahIM hogaa| vaha na to vItarAga ho sakatA hai aura na hI vivaant-vair| jaina-dArzanika jisa tIrthakara paramAtmA kI kalpanA karate hai vaha to vItarAga aura vivAntavaira hai| vastutaH vaha na to kisI kA kalyANa karatA hai aura na hI akalyANa / vaha vyakti ke Atma-vikAsa ke liye mAtra preraNA-sota hotA hai, nimitta hotA hai| jaina-darzana meM bhI paramAtmA yA tIrthaMkara ko parama kAruNika mAnA gayA hai| tIrthakara kI kAruNikatA kI carcA aneka jaina-kaviyoM ne kI hai| jayAcArya likhate hai-- sukhadAyaka saha jagabhaNI tUM hI dInadayAla / zaraNa Ayo tujha sAhibA tUM hI prmkRpaal|| guNagAtAM mana gahagahe sukha sampatti jaann|| vidhana miTe samaraNa kiyA, pAme parama klyaann|| - padamaprabhu jinastavana kintu usakI yaha karuNA svayaM usakI apanI bhAva-bhUmi taka hI sImita hai| usakI
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________________ 90 : pro0 sAgaramala jaina kAruNikatA kA artha itanA hI hai ki vaha sabake kalyANa kI bhAvanA rakhatA hai kisI kA ahita nahIM socatA hai aura na kisI kA ahita karatA hI hai| vaha ahiMsA ke upadeza ke mAdhyama se bhavya AtmAoM ko dUsaroM ke ahita aura hiMsA se dUra rahane kA nirdeza detA hai| isa prakAra paramAtmA yA tIrthaMkara kI karuNA IzvaravAdiyoM ke dvArA kalpita IzvarIya karuNA se bhinna hotI hai| tIrthakara yA buddha jana-jana ke kalyANa mArga ke patha-pradarzaka aura samasta prANiyoM ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA se yukta aura kisI bhI prANI ke akalyANa/ahita kI bhAvanA se virata hote haiN| jabaki IzvaravAdiyoM kA Izvara bhaktoM ke kalyANa evaM duSToM ke saMhAra ina donoM prakAra kI pravRttiyoM se yukta hai| tIrthaMkara, arhanta yA buddha kI prakRti eka santa kI prakRti hai| jabaki Izvara kI prakRti eka zAsaka kI prakRti hai| tIrthaMkara aura buddha kI karuNA eka saMta-hRdaya kI karuNA hai jabaki IzvarIya karuNA eka zAsaka kI karuNA hai| ataH donoM meM bhinnatA hai| Izvara ke saMsAra meM avataraNa ke prayojana ke sandarbha meM gItA meM bhagavAna zrIkRSNa kahate haiM ki maiM dharma kI sthApanA, sAdhuoM kI rakSA aura duSToM ke vinAza ke liye saMsAra meM yuga-yuga meM utpanna hotA huuN| jaina-cintana meM tIrthaMkara ke janma kA prayojana bhI dharma kI sthApanA hI hotA hai| vaha bhI saMsAra ke prANiyoM kA duHkha aura pIr3Ae~ kama hoM isI uddezya se dharma-tIrtha kI sthApanA karatA hai| isa prakAra Izvara ke avataraNa aura tIrthaMkara ke janma ke prayojana meM AMzika rUpa se samAnatA hai| kintu jahA~ tIrthakara dharma kI sthApanA ke dvArA prANiyoM kI duHkha-vimukti ke liye jo prayatna karatA hai ve mAtra dizA-nirdezana taka sImita hai| vaha prANiyoM ko duHkha-vimukti kA mArga batalAtA hai kintu kisI ko duHkha se mukta nahIM krtaa| isase mukti to svayaM prANI apanI sAdhanA yA puruSArtha se pAtA hai| tIrthaMkara to mAtra patha-pradarzaka hotA hai| isa prakAra tIrthakara kI karuNA aura usake prANiyoM kI duHkha-vimukti ke prayatnoM kI prakRti nivRtti-mArgIya paramparA ke anurUpa niSedhAtmaka hI hotI hai| usake viparIta Izvara eka sakriya vyaktitva hotA hai| vaha na kevala dharma kI sthApanA karatA hai apitu sAdhujanoM kA trANa aura duSToM kA vinAza bhI karatA hai| Izvara ke avataraNa ke prayojana meM duSToM ke vinAza dvArA hI sAdhujanoM ke paritrANa aura dharma-sthApanA kI bAta kahI gayI hai| isa prakAra jahA~ tIrthaMkara kA prayojana prANiyoM kI duHkha-vimukti hetu dharma-mArga kI sthApanA karanA hai vahA~ avatAra kA prayojana duSToM ke vinAza evaM sAdhujanoM kI rakSA ke dvArA hI dharma kI sthApanA karanA hai| isa prakAra donoM meM prayojana kI dRSTi se bhinnatA hai| ___ Izvara ke avatAra aura tIrthakara ke janmagrahaNa meM eka mahattvapUrNa antara yaha bhI hai ki avatAravAda kI avadhAraNA meM eka hI Izvara bAra-bAra saMsAra meM janma letA hai, jabaki tIrthaMkara yA buddha kI avadhAraNA meM pratyeka tIrthakara yA buddha bhinna-bhinna vyakti hote haiN| jahA~ sabhI avatAra bhinna-bhinna hote hue bhI usI eka Izvara ke avatAra hote haiN| vahA~ pratyeka tIrthakara eka bhinna vyakti hotA hai jo apanI sAdhanA ke barA AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI isa avasthA ko prApta karane hetu kAla aura kSetra vizeSa meM janma grahaNa karatA hai| isa prakAra Izvara eka hai jabaki tIrthakara yA buddha aneka / punaH Izvara kA vizva meM avataraNa hotA hai, vaha vimukta dazA se saMsAra-dazA meM AtA hai jabaki tIrthakara saMsAra-dazA se vimukta avasthA ko prApta hotA
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________________ tIrthakara aura Izvara ke sampratyayoM kA tulanAtmaka viveghana : 91 hai aura usakA saMsAra meM punarAgamana nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra donoM avadhAraNAoM meM eka maulika antara hai| Izvara Upara se nIce AtA hai usakA avataraNa hotA hai jabaki tIrthaMkara nIce se Upara jAnA hai, usakA uttaraNa hotA hai| IzvaravAda aura tIrthakaravAda kI avadhAraNAoM meM anya eka mahattvapUrNa antara yaha bhI hai ki tIrthaMkara kI avadhAraNA meM mAnava kI svatantratA sthApita hotI hai, kyoMki jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka vyakti meM sva puruSArtha se paramAtmA banane kI kSamatA hai| jabaki IzvaravAda meM manuSya ko aisI koI svatantratA nahIM hotI, vaha mAtra Izvara ke hAtha kI kaThaputalI hotA hai| isa prakAra IzvaravAda manuSya ko dAsa banAtA hai| usameM bhakta yA upAsaka kI sthiti sadaiva hI sevaka kI banI rahatI hai| manuSya kI isa dayanIya sthiti ko spaSTa karate hue eka urdU zAyara ne kahA "iMsA kI badabakhtI andAja se bAhara hai| kamabakhta khudA hokara bandA najara AtA hai||" jainadharma manuSya ko paramAtmA banane kI preraNA detA hai| usameM bhakta, bhakta nahIM rahatA bhagavAna bana jAtA hai| upAdhyAya devacandra jI likhate haiM -- ajakulagata kezarI lahare nija pada tima prabhubhakti bhavi lahare Atama shkti| santa AnandaghanajI pUrNa AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha likhate haiM -- "tujha mujha antara bhAMja se bAja se maMgalatara" / he prabhu ! eka dina Apake aura mere bIca kA yaha antara samApta hogA aura maMgala vAdya bjegeN| yaha satya hai ki upAsya ke rUpa meM Izvara yA paramAtmA kI avadhAraNA ko sabhI dArzanikoM ne mAnya kiyA hai ve saba yaha mAnate haiM ki sAdhanA ke kSetra meM upAsya kA honA Avazyaka hai| jainadharma meM tIrthaMkara arhanta ko bhI usI taraha se upAsya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jisa prakAra anya dharmoM meM Izvara ko| phira bhI donoM paramparAoM meM antara hai| jaina paramparA meM sAdhanA kI pUrNatA para upAsya yA upAsaka kA yaha antara samApta ho jAtA hai| jabaki IzvaravAdI paramparAoM meM mAtra advaita-vedAnta ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI meM yaha antara banA rahatA hai kyoMki AtmA kabhI bhI paramAtmA yA jIva kabhI bhI Izvara nahIM bana sktaa| IzvaravAdI paramparAoM meM AtmA aura paramAtmA ke bIca kI khAI kabhI bhI paTatI nahIM hai, jabaki jaina paramparA meM vaha khAI yA dUrI samApta ho jAtI hai| punaH IzvaravAdI paramparAoM meM Izvara apane bhakta kI pIr3A ko dUra karane meM samartha mAnA gayA hai| jabaki tIrthaMkara apane bhakta ke kaSToM ko dUra karane meM asamartha hai| IzvaravAda meM Izvara ko sakriya aura bhakta ko niSkriya hone kA saMdeza hai| Izvara kahatA hai "basa tU to merI zaraNa meM A jA, maiM tujhe saba pApoM se mukta kara duuNgaa|" isake viparIta tIrthaMkara puruSArtha kI preraNA dete hue kahatA hai "terA utthAna aura patana mere hAtha meM nahIM hai tere hI hAtha meM nihita hai"| isa prakAra Izvara aura tIrthaMkara donoM hI upAsya haiN| phira bhI una donoM kI bhakta yA upAsaka
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________________ 92 : pro0 sAgaramala jaina kI kalyANa-sAmarthya meM bhinnatA hai| hama yaha pUrva meM hI sUcita kara cuke haiM ki IzvaravAdI paramparAoM meM bhakta aura bhagavAn meM eka antara banA rahatA hai| upAsya sadaiva upAsya rahatA hai aura upAsaka sadaiva upaask| bhakta bhagavAna ke ati nikaTa to ho sakatA hai lekina kabhI bhI bhagavAna nahIM bana sakatA hai| jabaki jaina paramparA meM upAsya aura upAsaka kA bheda eka sImA taka hI rahatA hai| eka dina aisA hotA hai jaba upAsaka svayaM upAsya bana jAtA hai| yaha bhI satya hai ki Izvara yA paramAtmA kI kalpanA sAdhanA ke Adarza yA sAdhya ke rUpa meM bhI kI jAtI hai| Izvara yA paramAtmA kA vyaktittva samasta doSoM se rahita aura samasta guNoM se yukta mAnA gayA aura usa jaise vyaktittva ko prApta karanA hI sAdhakoM kA sAdhya mAnA jAtA hai| bhaktimArgI paramparA meM ise sArupya-mukti kahA gayA hai| IzvaravAdI paramparAoM meM yahI bhakta yA upAsaka kI carama upalabdhi hai| punaH IzvaravAda meM Izvara sAdhanA kA Adarza hote hue bhI sadaiva Adarzana hI rahatA hai kyoMki bhakta aura bhagavAna ke madhya eka dUrI sadaiva banI rahatI hai| jabaki jaina paramparA meM paramAtmA aisA koI bAhya-sAdhya nahIM hai jo vyakti se bhinna ho, usakI sAdhanA kA sAdhya, sAdhaka AtmA vyakti se bhinna nahIM hai| vaha usI meM hai| use vahI pAnA hai, jo usakI sattA kA sAra hai| IzvaravAda meM sAdhya yA Adarza aisA Izvara hotA hai, jisakI sattA vyakti se pRthaka hai| jIva aura Izvara meM aMza-aMzI bhAva mAnane para bhI aMzI Izvara ko aMza jIva se adhika vyApaka to mAnanA hI hogaa| adhika vyApaka hone para bhI bhinnatA to rhegii| jaise bUMda samudra meM hote hue bhI samudra to nahIM ho jAtI hai| bUMda cAhe samudra meM ho yA samudra se bAhara vaha sadaiva bUMda hI rahegI jabaki jaina-paramparA meM pratyeka vyakti kA sAdhya usakI apanI hI AtmA kA vaha zuddha svarUpa hai, jise paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai| usameM sAdhya, sAdhaka aura sAdhana tInoM meM antara nahIM hai| sAdhya bhI AtmA hai, sAdhana bhI AtmA kI hI avasthAe~ haiM aura sAdhaka bhI AtmA hI hai| sAdhanA kA artha hai AtmA ke dvArA AtmA kI uplbdhi| azuddha AtmA sAdhaka hai| AtmA ke zuddhIkaraNa kA prayAsa sAdhanA hai aura apane hI zuddha Atmatattva kI upalabdhi sAdhya hai| isI dRSTi se santa Anandadhana ne kahA hai --- jina salya bai jina ArAdhe, te sahi jinavara hove re| bhRGgI ilikAne caTakAve, te bhRDNI jaga jote re|| isa prakAra jaina-sAdhanA meM sAdhya yA paramAtmA sAdhaka se abhinna hai| usameM Adarza mAtra Adarza nahIM rahatA, apitu yathArtha bana jAtA hai aura yahI usakI vizeSatA hai| * * *