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________________ tattvArthakI digambara TIkAoMmeM Agama aura nirgranthatAkI carcA dalasukha mAlavaNiyA lA0 da. bhAratIya vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda tattvArthasUtra aisA grantha hai jo prAcIna hai aura usakI TIkAe~ kAlakramase likhI gaI hai / ataeva isa kAlakramameM Agama aura nirgranthatAkI dhAraNAoMmeM kisa prakAra parivartana huA tathA isa AdhAra para zvetAmbara digambara matabheda kisa prakAra uttarottara bar3hatA gayA, isake jAnaneke liye ye TIkAyeM uttama sAdhana haiN| yahA~ tattvArthakI pUjyapAdase lekara zrutasAgara takakI digambara-TIkAoMke AdhArase isa praznakI carcAkI jAtI hai jisase jainAgamoMke prAmANya aura unake vicchedake praznake viSayameM prakAza milegA aura zvetAmbara-digambarasampradAyake viSayameM anya jAnakArI bhI milegii| yaha sAmagrI ekatra karanA isaliye jarUrI hai ki aba taka zvetAmbara-digambara-sampradAyakA pUrA itihAsa hamAre samakSa AyA nahIM hai| yahA~ maiMne ekAdazajine (9-11) aura aise anya sUtroMkI vyAkhyAkI carcA nahIM kI hai| isa lekhakA uddezya sImita hai / ataeva sampUrNa sAmagrI denA abhipreta nahIM / kevala sAdhaka rUpase donoM sampradAyoMke bIcakI khAI kisa taraha bar3hI hai, yaha dikhAnA abhipreta hai / kevali kavalAhAra yadi na mAnA jAya, to tadanusAra anya mAnyatAko bhI saMzodhita karanA par3atA hai / usI koTimeM ekAdaza jine jaise sUtra Ate haiM / ina saba matabhedakI carcA anya vidvAnoMne bhI kI hai, ataeva use yahA~ doharAnA abhipreta nahIM hai / tattvArtha sUtra 1.20 meM zrataM matiparva dvayaM naikadvAdazabhedam-itanA hI kahA thA / isase spaSTa hai ki tattvArthasUtrakArako Agamake mUla do bheda-aMga aura aMgabAhya mAnya the| aMgake bAraha aura bAhya ke aneka bheda saMmata the| spaSTa hai ki umAsvAti (bhI) taka AgamakI yaha sthiti thI aura unake samaya taka Agamake astittvakI yA prAmANyake viSayameM koI matabhedakI sUcanA hameM prApta nahIM hotii| umAsvAti digambara hoM yA zvetAmbara, yaha vivAdakA viSaya ho sakatA hai kintu unakA tattvArthasUtra ubhayamAnya pramANa grantha hai, yaha to nizcita hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki donoM paramparAoMne isapara TIkAyeM likhI haiM aura jahA~ paramparA bhedase mAlUma huA, vahA~ TIkAkAroMne apane manakI puSTi karanekA prayatna bhI kiyA hai / TIkAkAroM meM matabheda ho sakatA hai kintu eka bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki ukta Agama-viSayaka sUtrakI vyAkhyAmeM koI matabheda nahIM hai| isase itanA to siddha hotA hI hai ki Agamake aMga-aMgabAhya bheda aura usake sUtra sUcita upabhedake viSayameM donoM paramparAe~ ekamata haiN| tattvArthakI bhASyaTIkAke svopajJa honemeM vivAda hai, phira bhI aneka vidvAn use sarvArthasiddhise prAcIna mAnate haiM / usameM aMgabAhyoMkI ginatI hai| sAmAyika, catuvizatistavaM, vaMdanaM, pratikramaNaM, kAyavyutsarga, pratyAkhyAnaM, dazavaikAlikaM, uttarAdhyAyAH, dazAH, kalpavyavahArI, nizIthaM, RSibhASitAni aura antameM evamAdi likhA hai to anya bhI kucha the, yaha phalita hotA hai| aMgapraviSTa meM AcArako lekara dRSTivAda taka bAraha aMga ginAye hai| usameM dRSTivAdake vicchedakI koI sUcanA nahIM hai| yaha bhI spaSTIkaraNa hai ki -135 -
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________________ bhagavAnne jo pravacana kiyA, usako AdhAra banAkara gaNadharoMne aMgoMkI racanA kii| aMgabAhya kI racanA gaNadharake bAdake AcAryone kii| sarvArthasiddhimeM bAraha aMga nAmataH ginAye haiM aura aMgabAhyameM dazavakAlika aura uttarAdhyayanake nAmataH ginAkara Adi kaha diyA hai| vahA~ dRSTivAdake pA~ca bheda nAmataH ginAkara pUrvatIke caudahoM bhedoMko nAmataH ginAyA hai / vaktAke viSayameM vahI bAta kahI hai jo bhASyameM nirdiSTa hai aura vizeSameM aMgake prAmANyakI sUcanA dI hai--'tat pramANaM, tatprAmANyAt' aura dasavaikAlika Adike bhI prAmANyako, 'tat pramANamarthatastadevedamiti kSIrArNavajalaM ghaTagRhItamiva' batAyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki dazavakAlika AdikA bhI prAmANya pUjyapAdako mAnya hai / AcArya pUjyapAdane AgamavicchedakI koI carcA nahIM kii| lekina AgamoMmeM pratipAdita viSayoMko lekara paramparA bheda ho gayA thA, yaha AcArya nimna kathanase spaSTa hotA hai : "kavalAbhyavahArajIvinaH kevalinaH, ityevamAdivacanaM kevali mAMsabhakSaNAdyanavadyAbhidhAnaM zrutAvarNavAdaH" / 6-13 / spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbaroMkI AgamavAcanAmeM kevalIke kavalAhArakA pratipAdana hai| use kevalIkA avarNavAda pUjyapAdane batAyA hai aura zvetAmbaroMkI AgamavAcanAmeM mAMsAzanakI ApavAdika sammati dI gaI hai, use bhI zrutAvarNavAda AcAryane maanaa| isa prakAra hameM AgamavAcanAke viSayameM matabheda honekI sUcanA to pUjyapAdane dI hai kintu dazavaikAlika Adi yA AcArAMga Adike vicchedakI koI sUcanA nahIM dii| spaSTa hai ki vAcanAmeM matabhedakA prArambha hai, kintu usa matabhedake kAraNa Agamako vicchinna mAnanA abhI zurU nahIM huA hai| parigrahake kAraNa pulAka Adi viratoMkI nirgrantha mAnanA yA nahIM, isa praznake viSayameM bhI pUjyapAda spaSTa hai-"ta ete paMcApi nirgranthAH cAritrapariNAmasya prakarSAprakarSabhede satyapi naigamasaMgrahAdinayApekSayA sarvepi te nirgranthA ityucyante" (9-46) / spaSTa hai ki Adhunika kAlameM zvetAmbara sAdhuko zravaka-upAsaka koTimeM jo rakhA jAtA hai, vesA mata pUjyapAdakA nahIM thA / yaha paristhiti bAdameM ghaTita huI hai| isakI pratIti hameM tatvArthake agrima sUtra (9-47) kI sarvArthasiddhise bhI hotI hai| vahA~ pulAka aura vakuzakI sAmAyika aura chedopasthApana cAritra pUjyapAdane bhASyakI taraha hI mAnA hai aura pUjyapAdane bhASyake samAna hI "bhAvaliMgaM pratItya sarve paMca nirgranthAH liMgino bhavanti, dravyaliMga pratItya bhaajyaa|" (9-47) yaha svIkAra karake parigrahadhArIko bhI bhAvaliMgIzramaNa nigraMtha to mAnA hI hai| spaSTa hai ki abhI yaha matabheda tIvra nahIM huA jisase do sampradAya spaSTarUpase bhinna hI mAne jaaveN| AcArya akalaMkane AcArAMga Adi bAraha aMgoMke kyA viSaya hai, isakA vistRta varNana kiyA hai / use par3hakara yaha lagatA hai ki unake sammukha jo Agama the, unakI vAcanAmeM Aja upalabdha zvetAmbara AgamoMkI vAcanAse paryApta mAtrAmeM bheda hai| usase yahI kalpanA ho sakatI hai ki AgamoMkI surakSAkA aura naI naI racanA karanekA jisa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparAmeM prayatna huA, vaise kaI aura bhI prayatna hue hoMge / eka yaha bhI kalpanAkI jA sakatI hai ki jisa prakAra Adhunika kAlameM anupalabdha dRSTivAdake viSayoMkI carcA paramparAse yA tattata dezoMke nAmakaraNako lekara pratipAdya viSayakI carcA kI jAtI hai, vaise hI AcArya akalaMkane bhI kiyA ho| lekina eka bAta nizcita hai / akalaMkane bhI rAjavAtikameM Agamake vicchedakI koI sUcanA nahIM dI hai| eka dhyAna denekI bAta AcArya akalaMkane kahI hai| yaha aMgabAhya ke kAlika-utkAlika bhedakI hai| aise hI bheda zvetAmbara-paramparAmeM bhI prasiddha haiM aura naMdI Adi sUtroMmeM ullikhita haiM / sarvArtha siddhimeM ina
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________________ bhedoMkA koI ullekha nahIM, ataeva ho sakatA hai ki yaha vibhAjana pUjyapAda aura akalaMkake bIcake kAlameM huA ho| zvetAmbaroMmeM bhI aMgabAhya ke ye bheda prAcIna AgamoMmeM dikhAI nahIM dete / naMdI (92-94), anuyoga (4) aura pAkSika sUtrameM ye bheda kiye gaye hai| isase bhI phalita hotA hai ki aMgabAhya ke ye bheda umAsvAmi taka to vizeSarUpase prasiddha nahIM the| saMbhava yaha hai ki sAmAyika Adiko milAkara jaba taka svataMtra eka Avazyaka sUtra mAnA nahIM gayA, taba taka ye bheda bhI prasiddhiko prApta nahIM hue| yahI kAraNa hai ki tattvArthabhASyameM sAmAyika Adi svataMtra grantha mAne gaye haiM aura isI paramparAkA anusaraNa digambara-mAnya dhavalA AdimeM bhI dekhA jAtA hai| spaSTa hai ki anuyogadvArakI racanAke pUrva hI kabhI ye kAlika-utkAlika bheda prasiddha hue aura unheM sarvaprathama digambara paramparAmeM akalaMkane apanAyA hai / aMgabAhya meM AcArya akalaMkane 'tabhedAH uttarAdhyayanAdayo'nekadhA' kahakara carcAko samApta kiyA hai| spaSTa hai ki unake sammukha aMgabAhya meM uttarAdhyayanakA vizeSa mahattva hai / aMga-aMgabAhyake vicchedako bhI koI carcA akalaMkane nahIM kii| isase yaha pariNAma to nikala hI sakatA hai ki una AgamoMkI koI vAcanAko ve vidyamAna mAnate the cAhe vaha vAcanA Aja upalabdha zvetAmbara vAcanAse bhinna hI kyoM na ho| sarvathA bhinna honekI sambhAvanA bhI kama hI hai| adhikAMza samAna ho, to koI Azcarya nahIM / pUjyapAdane kevali Adike avarNavAdakI jo carcA kI hai, usase bAdakI bhUmikA AcArya akalaMkameM dekhI jAtI hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina Agamake bhASyAdi TIkA grantha pUjyapAdake samakSa nahIM Aye kintu akalaMkane dekhe haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne avarNavAdakI carcA meM kucha naI bAteM bhI jor3I haiM / tattvArthasUtrakI (6-13) vyAkhyAmeM AcArya akalaMka kahate haiM, "piNDAbhyavahArajIvinaH kevaladazA nirharaNAH alAbUpAtraparigrahAH kAlabhedavRttajJAnadarzanaH kevalina ityAdivacanaM kevaliSvavarNavAdaH / " sarvArthasiddhimeM to kevalAhArakA nirdeza kara Adi pada de diyA thA, taba yahA~ vastra, pAtra aura jJAnadarzanake kramika upayogako dekara Adi vacana diyA hai| spaSTa hai ki aba vastra aura pAtrako lekara jo vivAda digambara-zvetAmbaroMmeM huA hai, vaha bhI nirdezayogya mAnA gayA aura niryakti aura bhASyameM jJAnadarzanake kramika upayogakI jo siddhasenake virodhameM carcA hai, vaha bhI ullekha yogya ho gaI / aba donoM sampradAyoMkA matabheda ubhara AyA hai-aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra zratAvarNavAda prasaMgameM bhI anya bAteM nirdeza yogya ho gaIM : "mAMsamatsyabhakSaNaM madhusurApAnaM vedanAditamaithunopasevArAtribhojanamityevamAdi / " spaSTa hai ki ye AkSepa bhASyako lekara hI arthAt zvetAmbaroM dvArA mUlakI jo vyAkhyA kI jAne lagI, usase asaMmati bar3hatI gii| saMghake avarNavAdako par3hakara vaha avarNavAda jainoMke dvArA hI kiyA gayA ho, aisA sarvArthasiddhise phalita nahIM hotA / sarvArthasiddhi meM likhA hai, "zUdratvAzucitvAdyA virbhAvana,' isase yaha AkSepa ajainoM dvArA hI kiyA jA sakatA hai, yaha spaSTa hai| kintu AcArya akalaMkane jo yaha likhA, "aite zramaNAH zUdrAH asnAnamalAdigdhAMgAH azucayo digambarA nirapatrapAH" usase spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha AkSepa karanemeM zvetAmbara bhI zAmila haiM / pratIta hotA hai ki donoM sampradAyoMkI khAI uttarottara bar3hatI jA rahI hai| phira bhI, itanA to svIkAra karanA hI hogA ki samagrabhAvase Agamaviccheda yA usake aprAmANyakI carcA akalaMkane kI nahIM kii| isase itanA to kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUla AgamoMko lekara abhI vivAda khar3A nahIM huA hogaa| pulAkAdike viSayameM pUjyapAdane (9-46) unako zrAvaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, nirgrantha hI ve kahe jAyegeM, yaha spaSTa kiyA thA aura kahA thA, "guNabhedAdanyonyavizeSe'pi naigamAdinayavyApArAta sarvepi hi bhavanti", kintu AcArya akalaMkane isa carcA ko aura spaSTa kiyA ki ye guNahIna haiM, ataeva nizcayanayase -137
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________________ nirgrantha nahIM haiM kintu saMgrahavinaya se haiM, " yadyapi nizcayanayApekSayA guNahIneSu na pravartate tathApi saMgrahavyavahAranayavivakSAvazAt sakalavizeSasaMgraho bhavati / " jisa granthakI TIkA akalaMka kara rahe haiM, usake viruddha to ve jA nahIM sakate the, ataeva nirgrantha kahane meM unheM koI bAdhA nahIM kintu spaSTa kiyA ki ye nAma mAtrake nirgratha haiM / unameM nirgranthake guNa nahIM / sarvArthasiddhimeM guNakA tAratamya mAnakara pulAkAdiko nirgrantha mAnA jabaki yahA~ kevala nAmamAtrase mAnA haiM aura bhagnavrata nirgranthake bAhya rUpako bhI lekara unheM zrAvaka zabdavAcya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, yaha bhI akalaMkane kahA hai, "yadi bhagnavrate'pi nirgranthazabdo vartate, zrAvakepi syAditi atiprasaMga: 1 naiSa doSaH / kutaH ? rUpAbhAvAn nirgrantharUpAbhAvAt, nirgrantharUpamatra naH pramANaM, naca zrAvake tadasti, iti nAtiprasaMga: / " yahA~ eka bAta aura dhyAna denA jarUrI hai / pUjyapAdane mAtra itanA hI kahA thA ki pulAkAdi vratoMkA pAlana pUrNarUpase nahIM karate / isI AdhArapara akalaMkane bhI pUjyapAdakA anusaraNa hI kiyA hai / AcArya vidyAnandane tattvArthazlokavArtika meM bhI Agamake aMga-aMga bAhya kA prAmANya svIkRta kiyA hai| (120 - 4) aura "satyaM zrutaM sunirNItAsaMbhavAdbAdhakatvataH / " ( 9.20 - 65 ) isa anumAnase bhI prAmANya siddha kiyA hai aura antameM kahA haiM : proktabhedaprabhedaM tacchrutameva hi taddRDham / prAmANyamAtmasAtkuryAditi nazcitayAtra kim / / 1.20.83 / / tattvArtha ke ukta digambara TIkAkAroMke matase Agamake AcArAdi aMgrapraviSTa aura dazavaikAlika Adi aMgAkA pramANya hai, itanA to siddha hotA hI hai aura ina TIkAkAroMne AgamavicchedakI koI carcA bhI nahIM kii| isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki ve apane kAla taka unake astitvake viSayameM bhI saMdigdha nahIM the / arthAt hI jinagranthoMko ve nAmataH svIkAra karate haiM / unakA astitva bhI unake kAla taka nizcita rUpase thA hI, vicchedakA prazna hI nahIM uThatA / AcArya vidyAnandakI pulAkAdikI carcAmeM spaSTa rUpase vastrAdikI carcAne sthAna pAyA hai / vahA~ mUrcchA aura bAhya vastugrahaNake kAryakAraNakI carcA bhI hai aura nirgranthakA bAhyarUpa yathAjAta hI ho sakatA hai / ataeva vastradhArI nirgrantha nahIM kahe jA sakate / pulAkAdiko vyavahArase aura nizcayase bhI nirgrantha kaha sakate haiM kintu vastradhArIko nahIM, yaha spaSTIkaraNa zvetAmbara digambara ke sampradAyabhedako spaSTa rUpase vyakta karatA hai / unhoMne kahA hai : pulAkAdyA matAH paMca nirgranthA vyavahArataH nizcayAccApi nairgranthya sAmAnyasyAvirodhataH / vastrAdigranthasaMpannA tato'nye neti gamyate -- tattvArthazloka 9-46, 1 / "ratnatrayopetaH zramaNagaNaH saMgha : " ( 6-13) yaha vyAkhyA saMghakI pUjyapAdane kI thI / akalaMkane bhI yahI vyAkhyA mAnI hai / sAtha hI, digambara muni akele bhI vicaraNa karate haiM, isa dRSTise samAdhAna bhI kiyA hai ki eka vyaktikA bhI saMgha ho sakatA hai / isake lie AdhAra bhagavatI ArAdhanA ( gA0 714 ) hai | vidyAnaMda bhI yahI kahate haiM / kintu zrutasAgarane saMghakI jo vyAkhyA kI hai, vaha hai, samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrapAtrANAM zramaNAnAM paramadigambarANAM gaNaH samUhaH saMgha ucyate / ' (6-13) spaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara muniyoMke samudAyako saMgha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kevalike avarNavAdake viSayameM zrutasAgarane likhA hai, "kevalinaH kila kevalajJAninaH kavalAhArajIvinaH teSAM ca rogo bhavati, upasargazca saMjAyate, nagnA bhavantyeva paraM vastrAbharaNamaNDitA dRzyante / " ityAdi 6-13 / isase inakI vetAmbara zAstrakI vizeSa jAnakArI pragar3ha hotI hai / - 138 -
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________________ zrutake avarNavAdake viSayameM zrutasAgarane likhA hai-"mAMsabhakSaNaM, madyapAnaM, mAtRsvasrAdimadhunaM jalagAlane mahApApamityAdi'' 6-13 / isameM mAtRmaithuna aura jalagAlanameM mahApApakI jo bAta likhI hai, usake mUlakI talAza karanA jarUrI hai| bahanake sAtha maithunakI bAta saMbhavataH yugalika carcA lekara hai aura aisI carcAkA nirdeza jinasena Adike digambara purANoMmeM varNita nahIM hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM aura purANoMmeM hai| vastrake viSayameM bhagavatI ArAdhanAke anusAra apavAda mAnakara bhI zratasAgarane zvetAmbaroMke viSayameM yaha likhA hai, "amumevAdhAraM gRhItvA jainAbhAsAH kecit sacelatvaM munInAM sthApayanti tanmithyA, sAkSAnmokSakAraNaM nirgranthaliMgamitivacanAta / apavAdavyAkhyAnaM tU upakaraNakUzIlApekSayA kartavyam" (6-49) / spaSTa hai ki aba zvetAmbara jaina nahIM kintu jainAbhAsakoTimeM gine jAne lage the| yahA~ isa prazna para bhI vicAra karanA jarUrI hai ki pUjyapAdase lekara zrutasAgara taka kisIne bhI AgamavicchedakI carcA kyoM nahIM kI? mere vicArase isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki ina sabhIne yaha carcA to kI hI hai ki Agama anAdi nidhana hai| zvetAmbara bhI ise mAnate hI haiN| jaba anAdi nidhanakA samarthana kiyA aura tattatsamayameM punaH punaH AgamoMkA AvirbhAva svIkRta kiyA, taba Agamake vicchedako carcA aprAsaMgika hI hogii| yaha digambara-paraMparAmeM, Agama vicchinna hue, aisA na kahakara Agamaghara nahIM rahe, aisI bhAva nAko bala diyA hai| ataeva Agama vicchedakI carcA jyapAdAdi AcAryoM ne uThAI na ho. yaha saMbhava hama dekhate haiM ki vahA~ isa viSayameM do mata hai-eka hai, duSkAlake kAraNa Agama vipranaSTa hue aura dUsarA haiAgamake anuyogadhara vinaSTa hr| digambara granyoMmeM zrutAvatArako carcAma AgamadharoMkI bAta kahI jAtI hai-yaha pramANa hai ki unake matameM AgamadharakA viccheda mAnya ho, na ki aagmoNkaa| ataeva pUjyapAdAdi AcArya Agama vicchedakI carcA na kareM, yaha svAbhAvika hai| C . on.