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________________ tattvArthasUtrakA mahattva mahattva aura usakA kAraNa isameM saMdeha nahIM, ki tattvArthasUtra ke mahattvako zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyoMne samAnarUpase svIkAra kiyA hai / yahI sababa hai ki donoM sampradAyoMke vidvAna AcAryoMne isapara TIkAyeM likhakara apanekoM saubhAgyazAlI mAnA hai / sarvasAdhAraNake manapara bhI tattvArthasUtra ke mahattvakI amiTa chApa jamI huI hai / dazAdhyAye paricchinne tattvArthe paThite sati / phalaM syAdupavAsasya bhASitaM munipuGgavaiH // isa padyane sarvasAdhAraNakI dRSTimeM isakA mahattva bar3hAne meM madada dI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki kama se kama digambara samAjakI apar3ha mahilAyeM bhI dUsaroMke dvArA sUtrapATha sunakara apaneko dhanya samajhane lagatI haiM / digambara samAjameM yaha prathA pracalita hai ki paryUSaNaparvake dinoMmeM tattvArthasUtrakI khAsataura se sAmUhika pUjA kI jAtI hai aura strI evaM puruSa donoM varga bar3I bhaktipUrvaka isakA pATha kiyA yA sunA karate haiM / nityapUjA meM bhI tasvArthasUtrake nAmase pUjA karanevAle loga pratidina argha car3hAyA karate haiM aura vartamAnameM jabase digambara samAja meM vidvAna dRSTigocara hone lage, tabase payUSaNaparva meM isake arthakA pravacana bhI hone lagA hai / artha- pravacanake lie to vividha sthAnoMkI di0 jaina janatA paryuSaNaparva meM bAharase bhI vidvAnoM ko bulAnekA prabandha kiyA karatI hai / tattvArtha sUtra kI mahattA ke kAraNa hI zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyoMke bIca karttAviSayaka matabheda paidA huA jAna par3atA hai / yahA~para prazna yaha paidA hotA hai ki tattvArtha sUtrakA itanA mahattva kyoM hai ? mere vicArase isakA sIdhA evaM sahI uttara yahI hai ki isa sUtragranthake andara samUcI jaina saMskRtikA atyanta kuzalatAke sAtha samAveza kara diyA gayA hai| saMskRti nirmANakA uddezya saMskRti-nirmANakA uddezya loka-jIvanako sukhI banAnA to sabhI saMskRti-nirmAtAoMne mAnA hai / kAraNa ki uddezyake binA kisI bhI saMskRtike nirmANakA kucha bhI mahattva nahIM raha jAtA hai / parantu bahuta-sI saMskRtiyA~ isase bhI Age apanA kucha uddezya rakhatI haiM aura unakA vaha uddezya AtmakalyANakA lAbha mAnA gayA hai / jaina saMskRti aisI saMskRtiyoMmeMse eka hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jaina saMskRtikA nirmANa lokajIvanako sukhI banAne ke sAtha-sAtha AtmakalyANakI prApti (mukti) ko dhyAna meM rakha karake hI kiyA gayA hai / saMskRtiyoMke AdhyAtmika aura bhautika pahaluoMke prakAra vizvakI sabhI saMskRtiyoMko AdhyAtmika saMskRtiyA~ mAnanemeM kisIko bhI vivAda nahIM honA cAhie; kyoMki Akhira pratyeka saMskRtikA uddezya lokajIvanameM sukhavyavasthApana to hai hI, bhale hI koI saMskRti Atmatattva svIkAra karatI ho yA nahIM karatI ho / jaise cArvAkakI saMskRtimeM Atmatattvako nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai phira bhI lokajIvanako sukhI banAneke lie " mahAjano yena gataH sa panthA" isa vAkyake dvArA usane lokake liye sukhakI sAdhanAbhUta eka jIvana vyavasthAkA nirdeza to kiyA hI hai / sukhakA vyavasthApana aura dukhakA vimocana hI saMskRtiko AdhyAtmika mAnaneke liye AdhAra hai / yahA~taka ki jitanA bhI bhautika vikAsa hai usake andara bhI vikAsakarttAkA uddezya lokajIvanako lAbha pahu~cAnA hI rahatA hai athavA rahanA cAhiye / ataH samasta bhautika vikAsa bhI AdhyAtmikatA ke dAyarese pRthaka nahIM hai / lekina aisI sthiti meM AdhyAtmikatA aura
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________________ 8: sarasvatI-varavaputra paM. baMzISara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-prantha bhautikatAke bhedako samajhanekA eka hI AdhAra ho sakatA hai ki jisa kArya ke andara AtmAke laukika lAbhako dRSTi apanAyI jAtI hai vaha kArya AdhyAtmika aura jisa kAryameM isa tarahake lAbhakI dRSTi nahIM apanAyI jAtI hai, yA jo kArya niruddiSTa kiyA jAtA hai vaha bhautika mAnA jaaygaa| yadyapi yaha sabhava hai ki AtmA yA lokake lAbhakI dRSTi rahate hue bhI kAmeM jJAnakI kamIke kAraNa usake dvArA kiyA gayA kArya unheM alAbhakara bhI ho sakatA hai parantu isa tarahase usakI lAbhasambandhI dRSTimeM koI antara nahIM honeke kAraNa usake usa kAryakI AdhyAtmikatA akSuNNa banI rahatI hai| ataH Atmatattvako nahIM svIkAra karanevAlI cArvAka jaisI saMskRtiyoMkI AdhyAtmika saMskRtiyA~ mAnanA ayukta nahIM hai| yaha kathana to maiMne eka dRSTise kiyA hai / isa viSayameM dUsarI dRSTi yaha hai ki kucha loga AdhyAtmikatA aura bhautikatA ina donoMke antarakA isa taraha pratipAdana karate haiM ki jo saMskRti Atmatattvako svIkAra karake usake kalyANakA mArga batalAtI hai vaha AdhyAtmika saMskRti hai aura jisa saMskRtimeM Atmatattvako hI nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vaha bhautika saMskRti hai| isa taraha Atmatattvako mAnakara usake kalyANakA mArga batalAne vAlI jitanI saMskRtiyAM hai ve saba AdhyAtmika aura Atmatattvako nahIM mAnanevAlI jitanI saMskRtiyA~ haiM ve saba bhautika saMskRtiyA~ ThaharatI hai| isa vicAradhArAse bhI merA koI matabheda nahIM hai, kAraNa ki yaha kathana kevala dRSTibhedakA hI sUcaka hai-AdhyAtmikatA aura bhautikatAke mUla AdhArameM isase koI antara nahIM par3atA hai| AdhyAtmikatA aura bhautikatAke antarako batalAnevAlA eka tIsarA vikalpa isa prakAra hai-eka hI saMskRtike AdhyAtmika aura bhautika donoM pahala ho sakate haiN| saMskRtikA AdhyAtmika pahalU vaha hai jo AtmA yA lokake lAbhAlAbhase sambandha rakhatA hai aura bhautika pahalU vaha hai jisameM AtmA yA lokake lAbhAlAbhakA kucha bhI dhyAna nahIM rakhakara kevala vastusthitipara hI dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai / isa vikalpameM jahA~taka vastusthitikA tAlluka hai usameM vijJAnakA sahArA to apekSaNIya hai hI, parantu vijJAna kevala vastusthitipara to prakAza DAlatA hai, usakA AtmA yA lokake lAbhAlAbhase koI sambandha nahIM rahatA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki vijJAna kevala vastuke svarUpa aura vikAsapara hI najara rakhatA hai, bhale hI usase AtmAko yA lokako lAbha pahu~ce yA hAni phuNce| lekina AtmakalyANa yA lokakalyANakI dRSTise kiyA gayA pratipAdana yA kArya vAstavika hI hogA, yaha niyama nahIM hai vaha kadAcit avAstavika bhI ho sakatA hai, kAraNa ki avAstavika pratipAdana bhI kadAcit kisI kisIke liye lAbhakara bhI ho sakatA hai| jaise sinemAoMke citraNa, upanyAsa yA galpa vagairaha avAstavika hote hae bhI logoMkI cittavRttipara asara to DAlate hI haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki citraNa Adi vAstavika na hote hae yadi unase acchA zikSaNa prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai to phira unakI avAstavikatAkA koI nahIM raha jAtA hai| jaina saMskRtike stutigranthoMmeM jo kahIM kahIM IzvarakatattvakI jhalaka dikhAI detI hai vaha isI daSTikA pariNAma hai jabaki vijJAnakI kasoTIpara kharA na utara sakaneke kAraNa IzvarakatatvavAdakA jaina dArzanika granthoMmeM joradAra khaNDana milatA hai aura isI dRSTise hI jaina saMskRtimeM ajJAnI aura alpajJAnI rahate hue bhI samyagdRSTiko jJAnI mAnA gayA hai| jabaki vAstavikatAke nAte jIva bArahaveM gaNasthAnataka ajJAnI yA alpajJAnI banA rahatA hai| isa vikalpake AdhArapara jaina saMskRtiko do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-eka AdhyAtmika aura dUsarA bhautika / jaina saMskRtike ukta prakArase AdhyAtmika aura bhautika ye do bhAga to haiM hI, parantu sabhI saMskRtiyoMke samAna isakA eka tIsarA bhAga AcAra yA karttavyasambandhI bhI hai| isa taraha samUcI jaina saMskRtiko yadi vibhakta
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________________ 5 / sAhitya aura itihAsa : 9 karanA cAheM to vaha ukta tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kI jA sakatI haiM / inameMse AdhyAtmika viSayakA pratipAdaka karaNAnuyoga, bhautika viSayakA pratipAdaka dravyAnuyoga aura AcAra yA karttavya viSayakA pratipAdaka caraNAnuyoga isa taraha tInoM bhAgoMkA alaga-alaga pratipAdana karanevAle tIna anuyogoMmeM jaina Agamako bhI vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai / tattvArtha sUtra mukhyataH AdhyAtmika viSayakA pratipAdana karanevAlA grantha hai, kAraNa ki isameM jo kucha likhA gayA hai vaha saba AtmakalyANakI dRSTise hI likhA gayA hai athavA vahI likhA gayA hai jo AtmakalyANa kI dRSTise prayojana bhUta hai, phira bhI yadi vibhAjita karanA cAheM to kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa grantha pahale, dUsare, tIsare, cauthe, chaThe, AThaveM aura dazaveM adhyAyoMmeM mukhyataH AdhyAtmika dRSTi hI apanAyI gayI hai, isI taraha pA~caveM adhyAyameM bhautika dRSTikA upayoga kiyA gayA hai aura sAtaveM tathA navama adhyAyoM meM vizeSakara AcAra yA karttavya sambandhI upadeza diyA gayA hai / tattvArtha sUtra AdhyAtmika dRSTise hI likhA gayA hai yA usameM AdhyAtmika viSayakA hI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai yaha niSkarSa isa granthako lekhanapaddhatise jAnA jA sakatA / isa granthakA 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH' yaha pahalA sUtra hai, isameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcaritrako mokSakA mArga batalAyA gayA hai / tadanantara 'tattvArtha zraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam' isa sUtra dvArA tattvArthoMke zraddhAnako samyakdarzanakA svarUpa batalAte hue 'jIvAjIvAsravabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstatvam' isa sUtradvArA jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa rUpase una tattvArthoMkI sAta saMkhyA nirdhArita kara dI gayI hai aura dvitIyatRtIya- caturtha adhyAyoMmeM jIvatattvakA, paJcama adhyAyameM ajIvatattvakA chaThe aura sAtaveM adhyAyoMmeM Asrava tattvakA, AThaveM adhyAyameM bandhatattvakA, navama adhyAya meM saMvara aura nirjarA ina donoM tattvoMkA aura dazaveM adhyAyameM mokSatattvakA isa taraha kramazaH vivecana karake granthako samApta kara diyA gayA hai / jaina Agama meM vastuvivecanake prakAra jaina Agama vastutattvakA vivecana hameM do prakArase dekhaneko milatA hai-- kahIM to dravyoMke rUpameM aura kahIM tattvoMke rUpameM / vastu tattva vivecanake ina do prakAroMkA Azaya yaha hai ki jaba hama bhautika dRSTise arthAt sirpha vastusthiti ke rUpa meM vastutattva kI jAnakArI prApta karanA cAheMge to usa samaya vastutattva jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina chaH dravyoM ke rUpameM hamArI jAnakArI meM AyegA aura jaba hama AdhyAtmika dRSTise arthAt AtmakalyANakI bhAvanAse vastutattvako jAnakArI prApta karanA cAheMge to usa samaya vastutava jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina sAta tattvoMke rUpameM hamArI jAnakArImeM AyagA / arthAt jaba hama 'vizva kyA hai ?' isa praznakA samAdhAna karanA cAheMge to usa samaya hama isa niSkarSapara pahu~ceMge ki jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina chaH dravyoMkA samudAya hI vizva hai aura jaba hama apane kalyANa arthAt muktikI ora agrasara honA cAheMge to usa samaya hamAre sAmane ye sAta prazna khar3e ho jAveMge - (1) maiM kauna hU~ ?, (2) kyA maiM baddha hU~ ?, (3) yadi baddha hU~ to kisase baddha hU~ ?, (4) kina kAraNoMse maiM usase baddha ho rahA hU~ (5) bandhake ve kAraNa kaise dUra kiye jA sakate haiM ? (6) vartamAna bandhanako kaise dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai ? aura (7) mukti kyA hai ? aura taba ina praznoMke samAdhAna ke rUpameM jIva, jisase jIva, baMdhA huA hai aisA karma- nokarmarUpa pudgala, jIvakA ukta donoM prakArake pudgalake sAtha saMyogarUpa bandha, 1. tattvArtha sUtra 5 - 1, 2, 3, 39 / 2. jIvAjIvAsravabandhasaMvara nirjarAmokSAstattvam / - tattvArthasUtra 1-4 | 5-2
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________________ 10 : sarasvatI - varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana grantha isa bandhake kAraNIbhUta mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yogarUpa Asrava, ina mithyAtva AdikI samAptirUpa saMvara, tapazcaraNAdike dvArA vartamAna bandhanako DhIlA karanerUpa nirjarA aura ukta karma- nokarmarUpa pudgala ke sAtha sarvathA sambandha-viccheda kara lenerUpa mukti ye sAta tattva hamAre niSkarSa meM AveMge / bhautika dRSTi se vastutattva dravyarUpameM grahIta hotA hai aura AdhyAtmika dRSTise vaha tattvarUpameM grahIta hotA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhautika dRSTi vastuke astitva, svarUpa aura bheda-prabhedake kathanase sambandha rakhatI hai aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi AtmAke patana aura usake kAraNoMkA pratipAdana karate hue usake utthAna aura utthAna ke kAraNoMkA hI pratipAdana karatI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba hama avastuke astitvakI ora dRSTi DAlate haiM to usakA vaha astitva kisI-na-kisI AkRtike rUpameM hI hameM dekhaneko milatA hai / jaina saMskRtimeM vastukI yaha AkRti hI dravyapada vAcya hai / isa tarahase vizvameM jitanI alaga-alaga AkRtiyA~ haiM utane hI dravya samajhanA cAhiye | jaina saMskRtike anusAra vizvameM anantAnanta AkRtiyA~ vidyamAna haiM ataH dravya bhI anantAnanta hI siddha ho jAte haiM / parantu ina sabhI dravyoMko apanI-apanI prakRtiyoM arthAt guNoM aura pariNamanoM arthAt paryAyoMkI samAnatA aura viSamatAke AdhArapara chaha vargoMmeM saMkalita kara diyA gayA hai arthAt cetanAguNaviziSTa anantAnanta AkRtiyoMko jIvanAmaka varga meM, rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza guNaviziSTa aNu aura skandhake bhedarUpa anantAnanta AkRtiyoMko pudgala nAmaka vargameM, vartanAlakSaNa viziSTa asaMkhyAta AkRtiyoMko kAla- nAmaka varga meM, jIvoM aura pudgaloMkI kriyAmeM sahAyaka honevAlI eka AkRtiko dharmanAmaka varga meM, unhIM jIvoM aura pudgaloMke Thaharane meM sahAyaka hone vAlI eka AkRtiko adharma - nAmaka varga meM tathA samasta dravyoMke avagAhana meM sahAyaka hone vAlI eka AkRtiko AkAza nAmaka vargameM saMkalita kiyA gayA hai / yahI kAraNa hai| ki dravyoM kI saMkhyA jaina saMskRtimeM chaha hI nirdhArita kara dI gaI hai / isI prakAra AtmakalyANake liye hameM unhIM bAtoMkI ora dhyAna denekI AvazyakatA haiM jo ki isameM prayojanabhUta ho sakatI haiM / jaina saMskRtimeM isI prayojanabhUta bAtako tattva nAmase pukArA gayA hai, ye tattva bhI pUrvokta prakArase sAta hI hote haiM / isa kathanase eka niSkarSa yaha bhI nikala AtA hai ki jo loga Atmatattva ke vivecanako adhyAtmavAda aura AtmAse bhinna dUsare anya tatvoMke vivecanako bhautikavAda mAna lete haiM unakI yaha mAnyatA galata hai kyoMki ukta prakArase, jahA~para AtmAke kevala astitva, svarUpa yA bheda-prabhedoMkA hI vivecana kiyA jAtA hai vahA~ para use bhI bhautikavAdameM hI garbhita karanA cAhiye aura jahA~para anAtmatattvoMkA bhI vivecana AtmakalyANakI dRSTise kiyA jAtA hai vahA~para use bhI adhyAtmavAdakI koTi meM hI samajhanA cAhiye / yaha bAta to hama pahale hI likha Aye haiM ki jaina saMskRtimeM adhyAtmavAdako karaNAnuyoga aura bhautikavAdako dravyAnuyoga nAmoM se pukArA gayA hai / isa prakAra samUcA tattvArtha sUtra AdhyAtmika dRSTise likhA jAneke kAraNa AdhyAtmika yA karaNAnuyogakA grantha hote hue bhI usake bhinna-bhinna adhyAya yA prakaraNa bhautika arthAt dravyAnuyoga aura cAritrika arthAt caraNAnuyogakI chApa apane Upara lagAye hue haiM, jaise pA~caveM adhyAyapara dravyAnuyogakI aura sAtaveM tathA navama adhyAyoMpara caraNAnuyogako chApa lagI huI hai / tattvArthasUtra ke pratipAdya viSaya tatvArtha sUtra meM jina mahattvapUrNa viSayoMpara prakAza DAlA gayA hai ve nimnalikhita ho sakate hai'samyagdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyak cAritra tathA inakI mokSamArgatA, tattvoMkA svarUpa, ve
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________________ 5 / sAhitya aura itihAsa : 11 jIvAdi sAta hI kyoM ? pramANa aura naya tathA inake bheda, nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva tathA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva, jIvakI svAdhIna aura parAdhIna avasthAye, vizvake samasta padArthoMkA chaha dravyoMmeM samAveza, dravyoMkI saMkhyA chaha hI kyoM ? pratyeka dravyakA vaijJAnika svarUpa, dharma aura adharma dravyoMkI mAnyatA, dharma aura adharma ye donoM dravya eka-eka kyoM ? tathA lokAzake barAbara inakA vistAra kyoM ? AkAzadravyakA ekatva aura vyApakatva, kAladravyakI aNarUpatA aura nAnArUpatA, jIvakI parAdhIna aura svAdhIna avasthAoMke kAraNa. karma aura nokarma, mokSa Adi / ' ___ina saba viSayoMpara yadi isa lekhameM prakAza DAlA jAya to yaha lekha eka mahAn granthakA AkAra dhAraNa kara legA aura taba vaha grantha tattvArthasUtrake mahattvakA pratipAdaka na hokara jaina saMskRtike hI mahattvakA pratipAdaka ho jAyagA, isalie tattvArthasUtra meM nirdiSTa ukta viSayoM tathA sAdhAraNa dusare viSayoMpara isa lekha meM prakAza na DAlate hue itanA hI kahanA paryApta hai ki isa sUtragranthameM sampUrNa jaina saMskRtiko sUtroMke rUpameM bahuta hI vyavasthita DhaMgase gUMtha diyA gayA hai / sUtragrantha likhanekA kAma bar3A hI kaThina hai, kyoMki usameM eka to saMkSepase sabhI viSayoMkA vyavasthita DhaMgase samAveza ho jAnA cAhie / dUsare usameM punaruktikA choTe-se-choTA doSa nahIM honA cAhiye / granthakAra tattvArthasUtrako iso DhaMgase likhane meM saphala hue haiM, yaha bAta nirvivAda kahI jA sakatI hai| upasaMhAra bar3e-bar3e vidvAnoMke sAmane vizva svayaM eka pahelI bana kara khar3A haA hai| saMsArakI duHkhapUrNa ajIbaajIba ghaTanAoMse udvigna AtmonninISu logoMke sAmane AtmakalyANakI bhI eka samasyA hai| isake atirikta mAnavamAtrako jIvana-samasyA to, jisakA hala honA pahale aura atyanta Avazyaka hai, bar3A vikarAla rUpa dhAraNa kiye hae hai| ina saba samasyAoMko sulajhAnemeM jaina saMskRti pUrNarUpase sakSama hai| tattvArthasUtra-jaise mahAna granthoMkA yoga saubhAgyase hameM milA huA hai aura ina granthoMkA paThana-pAThana bhI hama loga satata kiyA karate haiN| parantu hamArI jJAnavRddhi aura hamArA jIvanavikAsa nahIM ho rahA hai, yaha bAta hamAre liye gambhIratApUrvaka socanekI hai| yadi hamAre vidvAnoMkA dhyAna isa ora jAve to ina saba samasyAoMkA hala ho jAnA asambhava bAta nahIM hai|