Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ syAdvAda-vimarza syAdvAda : jainadarzanakA maulika siddhAnta 'syAdvAda' jaina darzanakA eka maulika evaM viziSTa siddhAnta hai / 'syAdvAda' pada 'syAt' aura 'vAda' ina do zabdoMse banA hai / yahA~ 'syAt' zabda avyaya nipAta hai, 'kriyA' zabda yA anya zabda nahIM hai / isakA artha kathaMcita, kiMcita, kisI apekSA, koI eka dRSTi, koI eka dharmakI vivakSA, koI eka ora, hai / aura 'vAda' zabda kA artha hai mAnyatA athavA kathana / jo 'syAt' (kathaMcita) kA kathana karane vAlA athavA 'syAta' ko lekara pratipAdana karane vAlA hai vaha 'syAdvAda' hai / arthAta jo virodhI dharmakA nirAkaraNa na karake apekSAse vastu-dharmakA pratipAdana (vidhAna) karatA hai use 'syAdvAda' kahA gayA hai| kathaMcitavAda, apekSAvAda Adi isI ke nAmAntara hai-ina nAmoMse usIkA bodha kiyA jAtA hai / smaraNa rahe ki vaktA apane abhiprAyako yadi sarvathAke sAtha prakaTa karatA hai to usase sahI vastukA bodha nahIM ho sakatA aura yadi 'syAt' ke sAtha vaha apane abhiprAyako prakaTa karatA hai to vaha vastu-svarUpakA yathArtha pratipAdana karatA hai| kyoMki koI bhI dharma vastumeM 'sarvathA'-aikAntika nahIM hai| sattva, asattva, nityatA, anityatA, ekatva, anekatva Adi bhI dharma vastumeM haiM aura ve sabhI bhinna-bhinna apekSAoMse usameM vidyamAna haiN| sattva asattvakA, nityatva anityatvakA, ekatva anekatvakA aura vaktavyatva avaktavyatvakA niyamase avinAbhAvI hai| ve eka dUsareko chor3akara nahIM rahate / hA~, ekakI pradhAna vivakSA honepara dUsarA gauNa ho jaayegaa| para ve dharma raheMge sabhI / isIse vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai| isa viSayako jaina vicAraka AcArya samantabhadrane bahuta spaSTatAke sAtha samajhAyA hai / ataH pratyeka vaktA jaba koI bAta kahatA hai to vaha 'syAdvAda' kI bhASAmeM kahatA hai / bhale hI vaha syAdvAdakA prayoga kareM yA na kre| syAdvAdakA sArvatrika upayoga __ laukika yA pAralaukika koI bhI aisA viSaya nahIM hai, jisameM syAdvAdakA upayoga na kiyA jAtA ho / jIvanake dainika vyavahArase lekara mukti takake sabhI viSayoMmeM syAdvAdakA upayoga hotA hai aura hara vyakti use karatA hai / TopI, kuratA, dhotI Adi jitane zabda aura saMketa haiM ve saba vivakSita abhiprAyoMko prakaTa karaneke sAtha hI avivakSita gauNa abhiprAyoMkI bhI sUcanA karate haiM / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki unheM kahate samaya yA sunate samaya una gauNa abhiprAyoMkI ora vaktA yA zrotAkA dhyAna na jAya, kyoMki usakA kAma 1. syAdvAdaH sarvathaikAntatyAgAtkivRttacidvidhiH / saptabhaGganayApekSo heyAdeyavizeSakaH // -samantabhadra, AptamI. kA. 104 / 2. sadekanityavaktavyAstadvipakSAzca ye nayAH / sarvatheti praduSyanti puSyanti syAditIhite // sarvathA-niyama-tyAgI yathAdaSTamapekSakaH / syAcchabdastAvake nyAye nAnyeSAmAtmavidviSAm / / -samantabhadra, svayambhUstotra 104, 105 / - 182 -
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vivakSita abhiprAyase sampanna ho jAtA hai / para yaha bAta nahIM ki ve avivakSita abhiprAya usameM vidyamAna na hoM / syAdvAda isI aikAntikatAkA niSedha karatA hai aura anekAntakA vidhAna karatA hai / aura to kyA, vaha anekAnta meM bhI anekAntakI yojanA karatA hai aura yaha acaraja karanekI bAta nahIM hai / jise hamane anekAnta kahA hai vaha samaSTiko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI to kahA hai, para vyaSTi ( eka-eka dharma- abhiprAya) kI apekSAse to vaha anekAnta nahIM hai, eka-eka abhiprAya hai / isa taraha anekAntako bhI syAdvAdane samaSTi aura vyaSTiko apekSAoMse anekAnta batalAyA hai / " aura yaha atAttvika yA vyartha jaisI cIja nahIM hai / vastu ho jaba vaisI svabhAvataH ho to usakI vaisI hI vyAkhyA honI cAhie / hameM jo aikAntika dRSTi se dekhane kI lata par3I huI hai usIse hama ukta prakArake pratipAdanako atAttvika yA vyartha kahane lagate haiM / ataH vastuke yathArtha svarUpako dekhanA hai to hameM isa ekAnta dRSTike sadoSa cazmeko dUra kara syAdvAda - dRSTi ke nirdoSa sUkSma-vIkSaNa yantrako lagAkara hI vastuke svarUpako dekhanA cAhie aura vaisI hI usakI vyavasthA karanI cAhie / syAdvAda aura anekAntavAdakA sambandha kucha vidvAnoMkA kathana hai ki syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda donoM eka haiM-- eka hI arthake pratipAdaka do zabda haiM / kintu aisA nahIM hai / ina donoMmeM usI tarahakA bhArI antara hai jisa tarahakA pramANavAda aura prameyavAdameM, yA jJAnavAda aura jJeyavAdameM haiM / vastutaH syAdvAda vyavasthApaka hai aura anekAntavAda vyavasthApya / athavA syAdvAda vAcaka (pratipAdaka ) hai aura anekAntavAda pratipAdya / donoM svatantra haiM / para vyavasthApya - vyavasthApaka yA vAcya-vAcaka sambandhase ve paraspara meM aise sambaddha haiM, jaise zabda aura artha, pramANa aura prameya, jJAna aura jJeya / isa taraha ina donoMmeM bar3A antara hai aura donoM hI bhinnArthaka haiM / yahA~ dhyAna dene yogya ki syAdvAda jaba bhI vastukI vyavasthA karegA, taba 'saptabhaGgI' ke dvArA karegA / ataH syAdvAda vaktAkA vacanasthAnIya hai, anekAntavAda vastusthAnIya hai aura saptabhaMgIvAda prayogasAdhanasthAnIya hai / cU~ki anekAntasvarUpa vastu svayaM apane ApameM samaSTi aura vyaSTikI apekSA tathA pramANa aura nayakI vivakSAse anekAnta tathA ekAnta donoM rUpa hai / isalie usakI sAdhana prakriyA - saptabhaMgI bhI do prakArakI kahI gaI hai / eka pramANasaptabhaGgI aura dUsarI nayasaptabhaGgI / pramANasaptabhaGgIke dvArA syAdvAda anekAnkasvarUpa vastukI anekAntAtmakatAkA aura nayasaptabhaGgI dvArA usI anekAntasvarUpa vastukI anekAntAtmakatAkA pratipAdana karatA hai / yahIM ina tInoM - syAdvAda, saptabhaGgIvAda aura anekAntavAda meM gaulika bheda hai / yahA~ saptabhaGgIvAdase una sAta bhaGgoM (uttara vAkyoM) ke samuccayase abhiprAya hai, jinake mAdhyama se vaktA apane abhiprAyako prakaTa karatA hai aura praznakartA ke praznoMkA samAdhAna karatA hai / anekAntavAda aura saptabhaGgIvAda yadyapi Upara ke vivecanase anekAntavAda aura saptabhaGgIvAdakA svarUpa jJAta ho jAtA hai tathApi unake sambandhameM thor3A prakAza aura DAlanA Avazyaka hai / 'anekAntavAda' padameM tIna zabda haiM--aneka, anta aura vAda / anekakA artha nAnA hai aura antakA artha yahA~ usake nAnArthaka hote hue bhI dharma vivakSita hai aura vAdakA artha mAnyatA athavA kathana hai| pUre padakA artha huA nAnA-dharmAtmaka vastukI mAnyatA athavA kathana / isa taraha nAnAdharmAtmaka vastukA nAma anekAnta aura usake svIkArakA nAma anekAntavAda hai / 1. anekAnto'pyanekAntaH pramANanaya sAdhanaH / anekAntaH pramANAtte tadekAnto'pitAnnayAt // - 183 - -- samantabhadra, svayambhUsto0 zlo0 106 /
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vastumeM sAmAnya, vizeSa, guNa, paryAya Adi ananta dharma bhare par3e haiN| unameMse eka hI dharmako yA eka dharmAsmaka hI vastuko svIkAra karanA ekAntavAda hai / sAmAnya kAnta, vizeSakAnta, bhedaikAnta, abhedaikAnta, nityakAnta, anityaikAnta Adi ekAntavAda hai| ekAntavAdake svIkAra karane meM jo sabase bar3A doSa hai vaha yaha hai ki una sAmAnya vizeSa AdimeM se kevala usI ekako mAnanepara dUsare dharmokA tiraskAra ho jAtA hai aura unake tiraskRta hone para unakA abhimata vaha dharma bhI nahIM rahatA, jise ve mAnate haiM, kyoMki unakA paraspara abhedya sambandha ayavA avinAbhAva sambandha hai| kintu vivakSita aura avivakSita dharmoko mukhya tathA gauNa dRSTise svIkAra karane meM ukta doSa nahIM aataa| ataeva antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane batalAyA ki yadi avikala purI vastu dekhanA cAhate ho to una ekAntavAdoM ke samuccayasvarUpa anekAntavAdako svIkAra karanA cAhie-unakI paraspara sApekSatAmeM hI vastukA svarUpa sthira rahatA aura nikharatA hai| yahI anekAntavAda hai, jisakI vyavasthA syAdvAdake dvArA batAyI jA cukI hai| sAta uttaravAkyoMke samudAyakA nAma saptabhaGgI hai| yahA~ 'bhaGga' zabdakA artha uttaravAkya athavA vastudharma vivakSita hai / jisameM sAta uttaravAkya yA dharma hoM, use saptabhaMgI kahate haiM / yaha vaktAko pratibodhyako samajhAnekI eka prakriyA hai / isake svIkArakA nAma saptabhaGgIvAda hai| isa saptabhaMgImeM sAta hI uttaravAkyoMkA niyama isalie hai ki praznakartAke dvArA sAta hI prazna kiye jAte haiM, aura una sAta hI prazna kiye jAnekA kAraNa usakI sAta hI jijJAsAe~ haiM tathA sAta jijJAsAoMkA kAraNa bhI vastuke viSayameM uThane bAle usake sAta hI sandeha haiM aura ina sAta sandehoMkA kAraNa vastuniSTha sAta hI dharma haiN| yoM to vastumeM annt| dharma haiN| kintu pratyeka dharmako lekara vivi-niSedha (hai, nahIM) kI apekSAse sAta hI dharma usameM vyavasthita haiM ve sAta dharma isa prakAra hai--sattva, asattva, sattvAsattvobhaya, avaktavyatva (anubhaya) sattvAvaktavyatva, asattvAvaktavyatva aura sattvAsattvobhayAvaktavyatva / ina sAtase na kama hai aura na jyaadaa| ina sAtameM tIna bhaGga (sattva, asattva aura avaktavyatva) mUlabhUta haiM, tIna (ubhaya, sattvAvaktavyatva aura asattvAvaktavyatva) dvisaMyogI haiM aura eka (sattvAsattvobhayAvaktavyatva) trisaMyogI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa namaka, mirca aura khaTAI ina tIna mUla svAdoMke saMyogaja svAda cAra aura bana sakate haiM aura kula sAta hI ho sakate haiN| unase na kama aura na jyAdA / ataH ina sAta dharmoke viSayameM praznakartAka dvArA kiye gaye sAta praznoMkA uttara saptabhaGgoM-sAta uttaravAkyoka dvArA diyA jAtA hai| yahI saptabhaMgInyAya athavA zailI yA prakriyA hai, jo vastUsiddhike lie syAdvAdakA amogha sAdhana hai / 1. nyAyadIpikA pR0 127, tattvArthavAttika 1-6, jainatarkabhASA, pR0 19 / 2. aSTasahasrI pR0 125, 126 /