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________________ svataMtratAkA artha vyAvahArika yA sAMsArika kisI bhI kSetrameM svataMtratAkA nirapekSa artha khojanA zakya nahIM hai| isalie jaba hama svataMtratAke arthake viSaya meM vicAra karate haiM taba usameM sApekSa dRSTise hI vicAra karanA par3atA hai / deza svataMtra huA hai, hamane svataMtratA prApta kI hai, Adi kahanA aura usakA pracalita sAmAnya artha lenA kaThina nahIM hai / isI prakAra svataMtratAprAptike nimitta honevAle UparI pheraphAra samajhanA aura usake nimitta honevAle utsavako saphala banAnemeM dilacaspI lenA bhI sahaja hai / parantu yaha svataMtratA hamAre jIvanako kisa bhA~ti sparza karatI hai, pratyeka vyaktike jIvana ke kina kina banda daravAjoMko kholatI hai aura isa svataMtratAjanita muktimeMse kisa prakArakI karttavya-parataMtratA anivArya ho jAtI hai, yaha samajhanA jyAdA kaThina hai aura yahI svataMtratA kA vAstavika hRdaya hai / svataMtratA prApti honekA yaha artha to spaSTa hai ki hameM aMgrejI hukUmata kI parataMtratA yA videzI zAsanakI gulAmI se mukti milI hai| isake sAtha yaha prazna bhI khar3A hotA hai ki hama loga isa videzI zAsana ke pahale gulAma the ya nahIM / agara gulAma nahIM the to kisa arthameM aura the to kisa artha meM ? isake sAtha yaha prazna bhI uThatA hai ki videzI zAsanane isa dezapara gulAmI hI lAdI aura poSI yA svataMtratA ke bIja bhI boye ? ye prazna aura isI tarahake dUsare prazna hameM bhUtakAlapara dRSTi DAlane ke lie bAdhya karate haiN| yUropake bhinna bhinna dezoMse jisa samaya videzI Aye usa samayakI aura jaba aMgrejI zAsana sthApita huA usa samayakI sthitikA vicAra kiyA jAya aura usakI tulanA a~grejI zAsanake sthApita honeke bAda ke samaya se kI jAya, to hameM yaha samajhane meM saralatA ho jAyagI ki donoMkI sthiti meM kaisA aura kitanA
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________________ dharma aura samAja antara thA | isake sAtha yaha bhI samajhanA sarala ho jAyagA ki aMgrejI zAsanane kina kina viSayoMmeM hamapara gulAmI lAdI yA usakA potraNa kiyA aura kina kina viSayoMmeM purAnI gulAmIke bandhanoM kA uccheda kiyA yA ve DhIle 'kiye| sAtha hI sAtha hameM yaha bhI samajhameM A jAyagA ki videzI zAsanane hamArI icchita svataMtratAke bIjoMkA icchA yA anicchAse, jAnakara yA binA jAne, kitane pariNAmameM vapana kiyA jisake pariNAmasvarUpa hamane svataMtratA prApta kI aura unakI kRtArthatA eka yA dUsare rUpameM anubhava kI / 124 a~grejI zAsanakI sthApanAke pahale dezakA Arthika jIvana svataMtra thA / arthAt dezakA kRSi utpAdana, usakA ba~TavArA, udyoga-dhaMdhe, kalA-kArIgarI sabhI vyavasAya dezAbhimukha the / isase bhayaMkara se bhayaMkara duSkAloMmeM bhI peTa bharanA briTiza zAsana kAlake sukAlake samaya se sahaja thA / mAnava jIvana ke * mukhya AdhArarUpa pazu-jIvana aura vanaspati- jIvana kramazaH samRddha aura harebhare the jinakA hrAsa briTiza zAsana kI sthApanA ke bAda uttarottara hotA gayA aura Aja kSINa avasthAmeM pahu~ca gayA hai| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki dezakI janasaMkhyA kAphI hote hue bhI jIvana ko dRSTise mAnava samAja rakta mAMsa aura vIryahIna hokara sirpha haDDIkA DhA~cA bhara raha gayA hai / aMgrejI zAsana ke pahale 'dezakI dhArmika, sAmAjika aura zikSAkI sthitikA aura usake bAdakI sthitikA milAna kiyA jAya to pahale hamArI sthiti ekadezIya thI / dezameM dhArmika vAtAvaraNa vyApaka aura dhana vipula thA, lekina usa vAtAvaraNa meM jitanI paralokAbhimukhatA aura bhrAmaka kriyAkANDakI pracuratA thI utanI hI aihika jIvana ke sulagate hue aura tatkAla hala mA~ganevAle praznoMke prati udAsInatA aura puruSArtha-hInatA thI / I zraddhAkI ati aura aMdhAnukaraNa, buddhi aura tarkake prakAzako saralatAse avaruddha kara detA thaa| samAja meM strI zakti upekSita aura suSupta thI / usako svAtaMtrya thA to sirpha gRha- saMsArake jIvanako ujjvala yA kSubdha krnemeN| varNavyavasthAkA samagra bala jAti-pAMtike asaMkhya gheroMmeM tathA caukA-cUlhe aura U~ca-nIca - kI bhAvanAoMmeM hI samAyA huA thA / brAhmaNa aura anya guruvarga aura unakA poSaNa karanevAle itara savarNoMkI jitanI mahattA aura mahanIyatA thI utanI
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________________ svataMtratAkA artha hI dalita aura aspRzya kahe jAnevAle logoMkI kSudratA aura nindanIyatA rUDha ho gaI thii| jIvanameM mahattvakA bhAga adA karanevAle vivAhake saMbaMdha aicchika yA guNAzrita zAyada hI hote the| gA~voMmeM hI nyAya karanevAlI aura samAdhAna karAnevAlI paMcAyata vyavasthA aura mahAjanoMkI purAnI saMsthAoMmeM sevAke badale sattAne jora pakar3a liyA thA / samasta deza meM zikSA sastI aura sulabha thI / lekina vaha ucca gine jAnevAle varNa aura vargako hI dI jAtI thI aura unhIM ke lie kulaparaMparAgata thii| dUsarI ora dezakA eka bahuta bar3A bhAga isase bilkula vaMcita thA aura strI-samAja to adhikAMza vidyA aura sarasvatIkI pUjA meM hI zikSA kI itizrI samajhatA thA / zikSA ke aneka viSaya honepara bhI vaha aihika jIvanameM ucita rasa utpanna nahIM karatI thIM, kyoMki usakA uddezya paralokAbhimukha bana gayA thA / usameM sevA karanekI apekSA sevA deneke bhAvoMkA adhika poSaNa' hotA thA | brahma aura advaitakI gaganagAmI bhAvanAe~ cintanameM avazya thI parantu vyavahAra meM unakI chAyA bhI dRSTigocara na hotI thI / vaijJAnika zikSAkA abhAva to na thA lekina vaha sirpha kalpanAmeM hI thI, prayogake rUpameM nahIM / 125 rAjakIya sthiti vinA nAyakakI senAkI bhA~ti chinnabhinna ho rahI thI / pitA-putra, bhAI-bhAI aura svAmI sevakameM rAjya sattAkA lobha mahAbhArata aura gItA meM varNita kaurava-pANDavoM ke gRha kalahako sadA sajIva rakhatA thA / saMpUrNa dezakI to bAta hI kyA eka prAMta meM bhI koI prajAhitaiSI rAjA zAyada hI Tika pAtA thA / talavAra, bhAlA aura baMdUka pakar3a sake aura calA sake, aisA koI bhI vyakti yA aneka vyakti prajAjIvana meM gar3abar3I utpanna kara dete the / paradezI yA svadezI AkramaNoMkA sAmanA karaneke lie sAmUhika aura saMgaThita zakti nirjIva ho cukI thI / yahI kAraNa thA ki aMgreja bhAratako jItane aura hastagata karanemeM saphala hue / aMgrejI zAsana ke prArambhase hI dezakI saMpatti videzameM jAnI zurU ho gaI / yaha kriyA zAsanakI sthiratA aura ekarUpatAkI vRddhike sAtha itanI bar3ha gaI: ki Aja svataMtratA prApti ke utsavako manAneke lie bhI Arthika samRddhi nahIM rahI / aMgrejI zAsanakA sabase adhika prabhAva dezakI Arthika aura audyogika sthitipara par3A / yaha saca hai ki aMgrejI zAsanane bhinna bhinna kAraNoMse rUDhaH
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________________ 126 dharma aura samAja 1 aura saMkIrNa dharma-balako poSA hai aura unheM TikAyA bhI hai lekina sAtha hI sAtha isa zAsanakI chAyAmeM unheM vAMchanIya vega bhI milA hai / bhramakA sthAna vicAroMne, paralokAbhimukha jar3a kriyAkANDakA sthAna jIvita mAnava-bhaktine kAphI aMzoM meM le liyA hai / aMgrejI zAsana kAlameM tarkavAdako jo bala milA hai usase jitanA aniSTa huA hai usase kahIM jyAdA zraddhA aura buddhikA saMzodhana huA hai / Uparase vicAra karanepara mAlUma hotA hai ki aMgrejI zAsana Aneke bAda jo naI zikSA aura naI zikSA saMsthAoMkA prAdurbhAva huA usase purAnI zikSAzailI aura saMsthAoMko dhakkA lagA / lekina agara bArIkI se dekhA jAya to pratIta hogA ki naI zikSA aura zikSaNa saMsthAoMdvArA hI bhAratameM krAntikArI upayogI pheraphAra hue haiM / paradezI zAsanakA hetu paropakArI thA, yA apane svArthI taMtrako calAnekA thA, yaha prazna vyartha hai / prazna itanA hI hai ki videzI zAsanadvArA pracalita zikSA, usake viSaya aura usakI zikSaNasaMsthAe~ pahalekI zikSAviSayaka sthitise pragatizIla haiM yA nahIM ? taTastha vicArakakA abhiprAya prAyaH yahI hogA ki pragatizIla hI hai / isa zikSAse aura videziyoMke sahavAsa tathA videza yAtrA se sAmAjika jIvana meM kAphI antara par3a gayA hai, ise koI bhI asvIkAra nahIM kara sakatA | dalitoM aura aspRzyoMko jIvanake pratyeka kSetra meM barAbarI kA darjA dene aura unako U~cA uThAnekI bhAvanA pratyeka savarNa meM dinapratidina cala pA rahI hai / usakI gati sevAkI dizA meM car3hatI jA rahI hai / aMgrejI zAsanakI sthApanAke bAda hI sampUrNa dezakI akhaMDatA aura ekarUpatAkI kalpanA kI jAne lagI hai / usake pahale sAMskRtika ekatA to thI lekina rAjakIya ekatA na thI / isakA sUtrapAta briTiza zAsanakAlameM hI huA hai / choTI bar3I rAjasattA ke lie ApasameM sA~r3oMke samAna lar3anevAle jamIMdAra, ThAkura aura rAjAmahArAjAoMko aMgrejI zAsanane hI nakela DAlakara vazameM kiyA aura janatAke jIvana meM zAnti sthApita kI / briTizazAsanane apanI jar3oMko majabUta karaneke lie isa dezameM jo kucha kiyA hai yadyapi usake aniSTa pariNAma bhI kama nahIM hai to bhI usane lokataMtra kA pATha par3hAyA hai aura zikSA ke dRSTibinduko pUrA kiyA hai / usI prakAra zikSaNa, vyApAra aura pravAsake lie bar3e paimAnepara jala aura sthalakI vAdhAoMko dUra kiyA hai| bhArata aura dUsare deza jo jyAdAse jyAdA najadIka A gaye haiM /
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________________ svataMtratAkA artha isakI tulanAmeM dUsare aniSTa nagaNya ho gaye haiN| briTiza zAsanase prApta yaha eka hI lAbha aisA hai jisameM svataMtratAke sabhI biijoNk| samAveza ho jAtA hai| isa samaya jo hameM svataMtratA mila rahI hai, usake sAtha sAtha briTiza zAsanameM paidA hue iSTa aura aniSTa donoM tattva hameM uttarAdhikArameM mila rahe haiM / aba agastakI pandrahavI tArIkhake pazcAt imAre lie svataMtratAkA kyA artha ho sakatA hai, isakA vicAra karanekA kartavya hamArA hai na ki aMgrejoMkA / Upara kI dRSTikA anusaraNa karate hue svarAjya prAptike maMgala-divasapara svataMtratAkA artha saMkSepameM isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) itihAsakA vaphAdAra rahakara vartamAna paristhitikA taTastha avalokana karake bhAvI maMgalanirmANakI dRSTise jo aneka pheraphAra karane par3eMge, unako pUrA karane meM pUrNa ullAsa aura rasakA anubhava karanA, (2) jIvanake bhinna bhitra kSetroMmeM jo jurAiyA~ ora kamiyA~ hai unako dUra karane meM kaTibaddha honA, (3) pratyeka vyakti yA prajA apanI prApta-siddhiko surakSita rakkhe aura naI siddhiyoMko prApta karanekI pUrI pUrI jabAbadArI uThAnekI aura usake lie jIvana-dAna karanekI bhAvanA paidA kre| uparyukta artha hameM IzAvAsya ' ke mUlamaMtrako mudrAlekha banAneke lie prerita karatA hai / vaha mudrAlekha yaha hai ki jo koI vyakti lambe aura sukhI jIvanakI icchA karatA hai, use Avazyaka sabhI kartavyoMko karanA caahie| cyakti aura samaSTike madhura saMbaMdha banAneke lie svakartavyake phalakA upabhoga tyAgapUrvaka karanA cAhie aura dUsaroMke zramaphalake lAlacase bacanA cAhie / 'IzAvAsya' ke maMtrakA ukta sAra dharma, jAti, adhikAra aura saMpattike svAmiyoMse svarAjyaprAptike isa divasapara kahatA hai ki Apa sattAke lobhase apane hakoMko Age na rakhakara manatAke hitameM apanA hita samajheM / agara isa taraha nahIM hogA to yaha aMgrejoMke zAsanake samayase bhI jyAdA bhayaMkara arAjakatA paidA karanevAlA hogA aura hama videzI AkramaNako AmaMtraNa kara svayaM hI gulAma bana jaayeNge| 'prabuddha jaina' anuvAdakamohanalAla khArIvAla