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________________ hemanta kumAra siMgI apanI svakIya vRttiyoM, bhAvanAoM va vAsanAoM athavA vicAroM kA adhyayana yA nirIkSaNa tathA aise sadgaMthoM kA paThana-pAThana jo hamArI caitasika vikRtiyoM ko samajhane aura unheM dUra karane meM sahAyaka ho, ve hI svAdhyAya ke antargata Ate haiN| svayaM ke antarmana yAni svayaM kA svayaM dvArA adhyayana hI svAdhyAya kahalAtA hai| AtmaciMtana, AtmasamIkSA bhI svAdhyAya kA hI rUpa hai| sadazAstroM kA maryAdApUrvaka adhyayana karanA, vidhi sahita zreSTha pustakoM kA adhyayana karanA hI svAdhyAya hai| Avazyaka sUtra meM svAdhyAya kA artha batalAte hue likhA hai "adhyayane adhyAya: zobhano adhyAyaH svAdhyAyaH" su- arthAta zreSTha adhyayana kA nAma svAdhyAya hai| kahane kA tAtparya hai ki Atma kalyANakArI paThana-pAThana rUpa zreSTha adhyayana kA nAma svAdhyAya hai| dUsaroM arthoM meM jisake paThana-pAThana se AtmA kI zuddhi hotI hai, vahI svAdhyAya hai| "svena svasya adhyayanaM svAdhyAyaH" arthAt svayaM ke dvArA svayaM kA adhyayana hI svAdhyAya siddhi kA saphara taya karane ke lie svAdhyAya syaMdana hai| svAdhyAya kA mahatva isameM baiThane vAlA vyakti karmazatruoM ko AsAnI se jIta sakatA jaina dharma meM tapa ko atyadhika mahatva diyA gayA hai, yadi hai| svAdhyAya eka cinmaya cirAga hai, jo bhavakAnana meM bhaTakane hama yaha kaheM ki jaina dharma tapa pradhAna dharma haiM to bhI koI vAle vyakti kI rAha ko rozana karatA hai| svAdhyAya vaha cAbI atizayokti nahIM hogii| jaina sAhitya meM tapa para vistAra se hai jo siddhatva ke baMda daravAje ko kholatI hai| svAdhyAya eka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vahAM tapa ko mUla rUpa se do bhAgoM meM bAMTA anupama sArathI hai, jo sUryaratha ke sArathi 'arUNa' kI bhAMti gayA hai- (1) bAhya tapa aura (2) AbhyaMtara tp| puna: ina donoM mithyAtva rUpI ajJatimira kA haraNa karatI hai| ko cha:-cha: bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| svAdhyAya bhI tapa hai aura gaNadhara gautama ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA- "sajjhAiMNa abhyaMtara tapa ke antargata AtA hai| bhaMte, jIve ki jaNayaI-bhaMte!" svAdhyAya kI niSpati kyA hai| svAdhyAya kA artha : vAcaspatyam meM svAdhyAya zabda kI zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pharamAyA 'sajjhAiNaM nANAvaraNijjaM vyAkhyA do prakAra se kI hai- 1. sva+adhi+IN jisakA tAtparya kammaM khevaI' svAdhyAya karane se jJAnAvaraNIya karma kSINa hotA hai| hai ki sva kA adhyayana krnaa| dUsaroM zabdoM meM svAdhyAya isake atirikta sadsaMskAroM kI prApti, jJAna va vinaya kI AtmAnubhUti hai, apane aMdara jhAMkakara apane Apako dekhanA hai| ArAdhanA, mokSa kI upalabdhi, kuzala karmoM kA arjana, kAMkSA vaha svayaM apanA adhyayana hai| merI dRSTi meM apane vicAroM, mohanIya karma kA viccheda, ye sAre lAbha prApta hote haiN| vAsanAoM va anubhUtiyoM ko jAnane va samajhane kA prayatna hI svAdhyAya ke prakAra-' svAdhyAya ke prakAra- bhagavAna mahAvIra ne svAdhyAya ke pAMca svAdhyAya hai| vastuta: vaha apanI AtmA kA adhyayana hI hai| prakAra batalAya haiAtmA ke darpaNa meM apane ko dekhanA hai| svAdhyAya zabda kI dUsarI 1. vAcanA 2. pRcchanA 3. parivartanA 4. anuprekSA 5. vyAkhyA sU+A+adhi+Ir3a isa rUpa meM bhI kI gaI hai| isa dRSTi dharmakathA se svAdhyAya kI paribhASA hotI hai "zobhano'dhyAyaH svAdhyAyaH" / sadagurU kI nezrAya meM adhyayana krnaa| arthAt sat-sAhitya kA adhyayana karanA hI svAdhyAya hai| svAdhyAya kI ina donoM paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para eka bAta jo 0 pRcchanA - sUtra aura usake artha para cintana mnn| ajJAta viSaya kI jAnakArI yA jJAta viSaya ubhara kara sAmane AtI hai vaha yaha ki sabhI prakAra kA paThana kI vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie prazna puuchnaa| pAThana svAdhyAya nahIM hai| Atma vizuddhi ke liye kiyA gayA, 0 aSTadazI / 2230
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________________ 1 parivartanA - paricita viSaya ko sthira rakhane ke lie bAra-bAra dohraanaa| 1 anuprekSA - jisa sUtra kI vAcanA grahaNa kI hai usa sUtra para tAtvika dRSTi se cintana krnaa| dharmakathA - sthirIkRta aura ciMtita viSaya kA upadeza krnaa| yahAM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hai ki svAdhyAya ke kSetroM meM ina pAMcoM avasthA kA eka krama hai, inameM prathama sthAna vAcanA hai| adhyayana kiye gaye viSaya ke spaSTa bodha ke lie praznottara ke mAdhyama se zaMkA nivAraNa karanA isakA krama dUsarA hai| kyoMki jaba taka adhyayana nahIM hogA, taba taka zaMkA Adi nahIM hogii| adhyayana kiye gaye viSaya ke sthirIkaraNa ke lie usakA pArAyaNa Avazyaka hai| isase eka ora smRti sudRr3ha hotI hai to dUsarI ora kramaza: artha bodha meM spaSTatA kA vikAsa hotA hai| isake pazcAt anuprekSA yA ciMtana kA krama AtA hai| ciMtana ke mAdhyama se vyakti paThita viSaya ko na kevala sthira karatA hai apitu vaha artha bodha kI gaharAI meM jAkara svata: kI anubhUti ke stara para use samajhane kA prayatna karatA hai| isa prakAra ciMtana evaM manana ke dvArA jaba viSaya spaSTa ho jAtA hai taba vyakti ko dharmopadeza yA adhyayana kA adhikAra milatA hai| svAdhyAya ke niyama : kisI bhI kArya ko sahI rUpa se sampAdita karane kI prakriyA hotI hai| agara vaha kArya usI prakriyA ke antargata kiyA jAye to vaha hameM adhika phala dene vAlA hogA ThIka isI prakAra svAdhyAya ke bhI kucha niyama haiN| agara ina niyamoM ko apanAkara svAdhyAya kiyA jAye to vaha nizcita hI parama siddhi kI prApti meM sahAyaka hai| nirantaratA : svAdhyAya pratidina niyamAnusAra kiyA jAnA cAhiye svAdhyAya meM kisI prakAra kA nikSepa nahIM honA caahiye| nirantaratA se hamArI smaraNa zakti prakhara banatI hai| ekAgratA : hamArA mana saMsAra ke cakravyUha meM idhara-udhara bhaTakatA rahatA hai jaba taka hamArA mana caMcala banA rahegA taba taka svAdhyAya ke parama AnaMda kI anubhUti prApta nahIM ho sakatI ata: Avazyaka hai ki svAdhyAya ekAgratApUrvaka kiyA jaaye| sadsAhitya kA cayana : vartamAna meM bAjAra meM aisI pustakeM bahutAyata se upalabdha ho rahI haiM jo mAnasika vikAroM ko janma dene vAlI hai ataeva hameM sva-viveka se sadasAhitya kA cunAva karanA cAhiye tAki svAdhyAya ucita DhaMga se kiyA jA ske| svAdhyAya kA sthAna : svAdhyAya ke lie sthAna kaisA ho? yaha prazna svAbhAvika hai| svAdhyAya ke lie sthAna kolAhala rahita, svaccha evaM ekAnta honA caahiye| svAdhyAya kA mahatva : bhagavAna mahAvIra ne gautama kI jijJAsA ko zAMta karate hue svAdhyAya ke viSaya meM pharamAyA ki svAdhyAya se zrutajJAna kA lAbha prApta hotA hai, mana kI caMcalatA samApta hotI hai aura AtmA AtmabhAva meM sthira hotI hai| jaina sAdhanA kA lakSya samabhAva kI upalabdhi hai aura samabhAva kI upalabdhi hetu svAdhyAya evaM sat-sAhitya kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai- sat-sAhitya kA svAdhyAya manuSya kA aisA mitra hai jo anukUla evaM pratikUla donoM paristhitiyoM meM usakA sAtha nibhAtA hai aura usakA mArgadarzana kara usake mAnasika tanAvoM ko samApta karatA hai| aise sAhitya ke svAdhyAya se vyakti ko hamezA AtmasaMtoSa aura AdhyAtmika AnaMda kI anubhUti hotI hai| mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti milatI hai| yaha mAnasika zAMti kA amogha upAya hai| sat-sAhitya ke svAdhyAya kA mahattva ati prAcIna kAla se hI svIkRta rahA hai| opaniSadik ciMtana meM jaba ziSya apanI zikSA pUrNa karake guru ke Azrama se bidAI mAMgatA hai to use dI jAnevAlI aMtima zikSAoM meM eka zikSA hotI thI-"svAdhyAyAn mA pramadaH' arthAt svAdhyAya meM pramAda mata krnaa| svAdhyAya eka aisI vastu hai jo guru kI anupasthiti meM guru kA kArya karatI hai| svAdhyAya se hama koI na koI mArgadarzana prApta kara hI lete haiN| mahAtmA gA~dhI kahA karate the ki jaba bhI maiM kisI kaThinAI meM hotA hU~, mere sAmane koI jaTila samasyA hotI hai, jisakA nidAna mujhe spaSTa rUpa se prApta nahIM hotA hai to maiM svAdhyAya kI goda meM calA jAtA hU~ jahA~ para mujhe koI na koI samAdhAna avazya mila jAtA jaina paramparA meM jise mukti kahA gayA hai vaha vastuta: rAgadveSa se mukti hai| mAnasika tanAvoM se mukti hai aura aisI mukti ke liye pUrva karma saMskAroM kA nirjaraNa yA kSaya Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai aura isake liye svAdhyAya ko Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyana-sUtra meM svAdhyAya ko AMtarika tapa kA eka prakAra batAte hue usake pAMcoM aMgoM kI vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| bRhadakalpabhASya meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki "navi asthi na vi a hohI, sajhAya samaM tapo kamma' arthAt svAdhyAya ke samAna dUsarA tapa kA atIta meM koI thA na vartamAna meM koI hai aura na bhaviSya meM koI hogaa| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM svAdhyAya ko AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyana-sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya se jJAna kA prakAza hotA hai| jisase samasta du:khoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| vastuta: svAdhyAya jJAna prApti kA eka mahatvapUrNa upAya hai, kahA bhI hai 0 aSTadazI / 2240
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________________ nANassa savvassa pagAsaNAe hai, tapa tyAga kI vRddhi hotI hai evaM aticAroM kI zuddhi hotI hai| annANa-mohassa vivjjaannaae| sadguNoM ke saMrakSaka, saMvardhana aura saMzodhana ke lie svAdhyAya rAgassa dosassa ya saMkhaeNaM Avazyaka hai| anuttarita praznoM ke uttara milane kA artha hai zaMkA egantasokkhaM samuveI mokkhaM / / rahita honA, yahI svAdhyAya hai| svAdhyAya kI paramparA se saMdeha kA tassesa maggo gurU vidvasevA nivAraNa hotA hai| jJAna meM vizeSa se vizeSatara evaM vizeSatama vivajjaNA bAlajaNassa duuraa| upalabdhi kA anubhava hotA hai| sajjhAya-egantanisevaNA ya svAdhyAya kA jaina paramparA meM kitanA mahatva rahA hai vaha isI sutta'tthasaMcintaNayA dhiI y| bAta se prakaTa hotA hai ki muni dina ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya arthAt saMpUrNa jJAna ke prakAzana se ajJAna aura moha ke kareM, dUsare prahara meM dhyAna kareM, tIsare pahara meM bhikSAcaryA evaM parihAra se rAga-dveSa ke pUrNa kSaya se jIva ekAMta sukha rUpa mokSa ko daihika AvazyakatAoM kI vRtti kA kArya kreN| puna: caturtha prahara prApta karatA hai| gurujanoM kI, vRddhoM kI sevA karanA, ajJAnI logoM meM svAdhyAya kreN| isI prakAra rAtri prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dUsare ke samparka se dUra rahanA, sUtra aura artha kA ciMtana karanA, svAdhyAya meM dhyAna, tIsare meM nidrA va cauthe meM puna: svAdhyAya kA nirdeza hai| karanA aura dhairya rakhanA yaha duHkhoM se mukti kA upAya hai| isa prakAra muni pratidina cAra prahara arthAt 12 ghaMTe svAdhyAya meM uttarAdhyayana-sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki "sajhAya vA niuteNamaM rata rheN| dUsare zabdoM meM sAdhaka-jIvana kA AdhA bhAga svAdhyAya savvadukkhavimokkhaNe' arthAta svAdhyAya karate rahane se samasta ke liye niyata hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina paramparA duHkhoM se mukti milatI hai| svAdhyAya ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai| meM svAdhyAya kI mahattA prAcIna kAla se hI susthApita rahI hai ki jaise aMdhe vyakti ke liye karor3o dIpakoM kA prakAza bhI kyAki yahA eka aisA mAdhyama hai jisake dvArA vyakti ke ajJAna vyartha hai kintu AMkha vAle vyakti ke lie eka bhI dIpaka kA kA nivAraNa saMbhava hai| prakAza sArthaka hotA hai| isI prakAra jisake antara cakSu khula gaye sat-sAhitya ke paThana ke rUpa meM svAdhyAya kI kyA ho, jisakI antara yAtrA prAraMbha ho gaI hai, aise adhyAtmika upayogitA hai? yaha suspaSTa hai ki vastuta: sat sAhitya kA sAdhaka ke liye svalpa adhyayana bhI lAbhaprada hotA hai anyathA adhyayana vyakti ke jIvana kI dRSTi ko hI badala detA hai| aise Atma-vistRta vyakti ke liye karor3oM padoM kA jJAna bhI nirarthaka aneka loga haiM jinakI sat-sAhitya ke adhyayana se jIvana kI hotA hai| svAdhyAya meM aMtara cakSu kA khulanA-AtmadRSTA banAnA, dizA hI badala gii| svAdhyAya eka aisA mAdhyama hai jo ekAMta svayaM meM jhAMkanA pahalI zarta hai| zAstra kA par3hanA yA adhyayana ke kSaNoM meM hameM akelApana mahasUsa nahIM hone detA aura eka sacce karanA usakA dUsarA caraNa hai| mitra kI bhAMti sadaiva sAtha rahatA hai aura mArgadarzana karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana-sUtra meM yaha prazna upasthita kiyA gayA ki mana meM sadaiva mUlyAMkana calatA rahatA hai, svAdhyAya ke dvArA svAdhyAya se jIva ko kyA lAbha hai| isake uttara meM kahA gayA sadaiva hamako isakA parIkSaNa karate rahanA caahiye| kucha likhate ki svAdhyAya se jJAnAvaraNa karma kA kSaya hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM rahane kI pravRtti bhI svAdhyAya se prApta hotI hai jo sadaiva tAjagI meM AtmA mithyA jJAna kA AcaraNa dUra kara samyaka jJAna kA pradAna karatI hai| vaiyaktika bhinnatA se utpanna samasyA kA arjana karatA hai| isI prakAra sthAnAMga-sUtra meM zAstradhyayana ke samAdhAna bhI svAdhyAya hI hai| svAdhyAya se karma kSINa hote haiM, jJAna lAbha batAye gaye haiN| isameM kahA gayA hai ki sUtra kI vAcanA ke dene kI kSamatA jAgRta hotI hai| svAdhyAya se sUtra, artha, sUtrArtha pAMca lAbha hai| 1. vAcanA se zruta kA saMgraha hotA hai 2. se saMbaMdhita mithyA dhAraNAoM kA anta hotA hai| smaraNa zakti zAstrAdhyayana adhyApana kI pravRti se ziSya kA hita hotA hai tIvra hotI hai| yathArthata: svAdhyAya vaha yoga hai jisameM jJAnayoga, kyoMki vaha usake jJAna prApti kA mahatvapUrNa sAdhana hai| 3. karmayoga evaM bhaktiyoga kA samanvaya hai evaM jisase paramAtma-pada zAstrAdhyayana adhyApana kI pravRtti banI rahane se jJAnAvaraNIya karmoM kI prApti hotI hai| kA kSaya hotA hai| 4. adhyayana kI pravRtti ke jIvita rahane se -golachA cauka, bIkAnera (rAja.) usake vismRta hone kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rhtii| 5. jaba zruta sthira rahatA hai to usakI avichinna paramparA calatI rahatI hai| svAdhyAya se zruta kA saMgraha hotA hai, jJAna ke pratibaMdhaka karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| buddhi nirmala hotI hai| saMzaya kI nivRtti hotI 0 aSTadazI / 2250