Sutrakritanga me Varnit Darshanik Vichar

Author(s): Shreeprakash Pandey
Publisher: Z_Jinavani_003218.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229809/1

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sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita dArzanika vicAra DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya dvitIya aMga Agama sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM baMdhana se mukta hone kA mArga prastuta karate hue aparigraha, ahiMsA, pratyAkhyAna Adi AcAra-siddhAntoM ko apanAne para bala pradAna karane ke sAtha tatkAlIna vibhinna dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA ullekha kara unakA nirAkaraNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| DaoN. pANDeya ne apane lekha meM sUtrakRtAMga meM carcita dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA vyavasthita vivecana kiyA hai| unakA Alekha mukhyataH isa sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana gara AdhRta hai| isa adhyayana meM Ae dharma evaM AcAra saMbaMdhI viSayoM ko bhI unhoMne vivecanA kI hai| - sampAdaka samagra bhAratIya saMskRti evaM vicAradhArA kA mukhya lakSya AdhyAtmika vikAsa evaM loka kalyANa rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya darzana, jisakA mUla svara adhyAtmavAda hai, kI ruci kisI kAlpanika ekAMta meM na hokara mAnava samudAya ke kalyANa meM rahI hai| bhAratIya darzana kI do pramukha dhArAoM vaidika evaM avaidika meM se, avaidika dhArA ke pratinidhi jainadarzana meM AtmavAda, karmavAda, paralokavAda evaM mokSavAda kA vizada vivecana milatA hai / ina cAroM siddhAntoM meM bhAratIya darzanoM kI mUla pravRttiyAM samAviSTa haiM / bhAratIya paramparA ke anurUpa jaina darzana bhI laukika jIvana ko duHkhamaya mAnate hue duHkhoM se AtyaMtika nivRtti ko hI apanA lakSya mAnatA hai| Agama hI jaina paramparA ke veda evaM piTaka haiN| ye aMga, upAMga, mUlasUtra, chedasUtra, cUlikA evaM prakIrNakoM meM vargIkRta haiN| samasta jaina siddhAnta bIjarUpa meM inameM nihita hai| kAla kI dRSTi se aMga prAcInatama haiN| vartamAna upalabdha 11 aMgoM meM sUtrakRtAMga dvitIya hai| yaha grantha svasamaya (svasiddhAnta) aura para samaya (para siddhAnta) kA jJAna (satyAsatya darzana) karAne vAlA zAstra hai| zrutapAragAmI AcArya bhadrabAhu ne ise zrutvAkRta = sUtakaDaM arthAt tIrthaMkara vANI sunakara gaNadharoM dvArA zAstrarUpa pradatta batAyA hai| isameM tatkAlIna anya dArzanika matoM kI yuktirahita ayathArtha mAnyatAoM kA ullekha tathA nirasana to kiyA gayA hai, parantu kisI mata ke pravartaka kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| mithyA va ayathArtha dhAraNAoM ko baMdhana mAnakara sAdhaka ko satya kA yathArtha paribodha karAnA zAstrakAra kA mukhya dhyeya hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI pramukha vizeSatA darzana ke sAtha jIvana vyavahAra kA ucca Adarza sthApita karanA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha meM mukhyataH anya matavAdoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai jo dUsare zrutaskaMdha ke prathama adhyayana meM bhI varNita haiN| dvitIya zrutaskaMdha jo adhikAMzataH gadya meM hai lagabhaga unhIM viSayoM kI vyAkhyA karatA hai jo prathama zrutaskaMdha meM haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM ise prathama zrutaskaMdha kA pUrka kahA jA sakatA hai| dUsare zrutaskaMdha meM mukhyataH navadIkSita zramaNoM ke AcAra kA varNana hai /

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| 112 jinavANI-- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka prastuta nibaMdha meM hama sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ke prathama adhyayana ke AraMbhika cAra uddezakoM meM nihita dArzanika evaM AcAragata mAnyatAoM aura siddhAntoM kA anuzIlana kreNge| ve isa prakAra haiM- baMdhana kA svarUpa, paMcamahAbhUtavAda, ekAtmavAda, tajjIvataccharIravAda, akArakavAda, AtmaSaSThavAda, kSaNikavAda, sAMkhyAdimata kI nissAratA, niyativAda, ajJAnavAda. kriyAvAda. jagatkartRtvavAda. avatAravATa. svasvapravAda - prazaMsA. munidharmopadeza, lokanAda, ahiMsA mahAvrata evaM cAritra zuddhi-upAya / sUtrakRtAMga kI Adi gAthA ke cAra padoM meM grantha ke sampUrNa tattvaciMtana kA sAra samAviSTa haibaMdhaNaM parijANiyA- baMdhana ko jAnakara bujjhejja tiuTejjA- samajho aura tor3o kimAha baMdhaNaM vIre- bhagavAna ne baMdhana kise batAyA hai? kiM vA jANaM tiuTTai- aura use kaise tor3A jA sakatA hai? vastuta: ina padoM meM darzana aura dharma, vicAra aura AcAra bIjarUpa meM sannihita haiN| zAstrakAra ne Adipada meM bodha-prApti kA, jisakA tAtparya Atmabodha se hai, upadeza kiyA hai| bodha-prApti atyanta durlabha hai, yaha tathya sUtrakRtAMga, AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana' Adi AgamoM meM bhI parilakSita hotA hai| bodha-prApti ekendriya se lekara asaMjJI paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM ko durlabha hai| AryakSetra , uttamakulotpanna, paripUrNa-aMgopAMga evaM svastha sazakta zarIra se yukta dIrghAyuSya ko prApta manuSya hI kevala bodhiprApti kA adhikArI hai| Atmabodha kA artha hai- 'maiM kauna hUM? manuSya loka meM kaise AyA? AtmA tattvata: baMdhana rahita hote hue bhI isa prakAra ke baMdhana meM kyoM par3I? baMdhanoM ko kauna aura kaise tor3a sakatA hai? baMdhana kA svarUpa- saMsArI AtmA karmoM se jakar3I hone ke kAraNa paratantra hai, isI paratantratA kA nAma baMdha hai| umAsvAti ne tatvArthasUtra meM 'kaSAyayukta jIva dvArA karmayogya pudgaloM kA grahaNa karanA baMdha hai aisA kahA hai| tattvArthavRttikAra akalaMkadeva ke anusAra AtmapradezoM ke sAtha jo karma kSIra nIravat eka hokara sthita ho jAte haiM, rahate haiM yA baMdha jAte haiM, ve baMdhana yA baMdha kahalAte haiN| akalaMka deva ke anusAra sAmAnya kI apekSA se baMdha ke bheda nahIM kiye jA sakate arthAt isa dRSTi se baMdha eka hI prakAra kA hai| kintu vizeSa kI apekSA se baMdha do prakAra hai- 1. dravyabaMdha aura 2. bhaavbNdh|' dravyabaMdha- jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karma-pudgala pradezoM kA jIva ke sAtha saMyoga dravyabaMdha hai| bhAvabaMdha--- AtmA ke azuddha cetana pariNAma (bhAva) moha rAga-dveSa aura

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sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita dArzanika vicAra . .. . 1131 krodhAdi jinase jJAgAvaraNIya karma ke yogya pudgala paramANu AtmA kI ora AkRSTa hote haiM, bhAvabaMdha kahalAtA hai| AcArya nemicandra karmabaMdha ke kAraNabhUta cetana-pariNAma ko bhAvabaMdha mAnate haiN|" karmabaMdha ke kAraNa- jaina darzana meM baMdha ke kAraNoM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM mataikya nahIM hai, eka ora AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra" meM vaidika darzanoM kI taraha ajJAna ko ho baMdha kA pramukha kAraNa batalAyA hai to dUsarI ora sthAnAMga, samavAyAga evaM tattvArthasUtra meM karmabandha ke pA~ca kAraNa mAne gaye haiM. jo adhika pracalita haiM1. mithyAdarzana 2 . avirati 3. pramAda 4. kaSAya 5. yog| 1. mithyAdarzana- jo vastu jaisI hai, use usa rUpa meM na mAnakara viparIta rUpa meM mAnanA yA grahaNa karanA midhyAnca hai| dUsare zabdoM meM samyagdarzana kA ulTA mithyAdarzana hai| bhagavatIArAdhanA evaM sarvArthasiddhi meM bhI jIvAdi padArthoM kA zraddhAna na karanA mithyAdarzana batAyA gayA hai| 2. avirati-- ghirati kA abhAva hI avirati hai| sarvArthasiddhikAra ne virati kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki hiMsA, asatya, corI, abrahmacarya aura parigraha ye pA~ca tyAjya , ata: hiMsA Adi pA~ca pApoM ko nahIM chor3anA yA ahiMsAdi pA~ca vratoM kA pAlana na karanA avirati hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI cauthI va pA~cavI gAthA meM jIva ko parigraha ke do rUpa sacetana evaM acetana se saceta kiyA gayA hai| manuSya, pazu-pakSI Adi prANiyoM meM Asakti rakhanA sacetana parigraha va sonA-cAMdI, rUpayA-paisA meM Asakti rakhanA acetana parigraha hai| parigraha cUMki karmabaMdha kA mUla hai, isalie vaha du:kha rUpa hai| 3. pramAda- pramAda kA artha hai krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke kAraNa ahiMsA Adi ke AcaraNa meM jIva kI ruci nahIM honaa| vIrasena ne krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobharUpa kaSAyoM aura hAsya Adi nau upa kaSAyoM ke tIvra udaya hone ko pramAda kahA hai| 4. kaSAya- AtmA ke kaluSa pariNAma jo karmoM ke baMdhana ke kAraNa hote haiM, kaSAya kahalAte haiN| 5. yoga- mana, vacana aura kAya se hone vAlA AtmapradezoM kA parispaMdana yoga hai| inhIM ke kAraNa karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai| baMdha-uccheda- 'jJAnakriyAbhyAM mokSa:' arthAt jaina darzana mukti hetu jJAna evaM kriyA donoM ko Avazyaka mAnatA hai| karmabandha-uccheda hetu do vidhiyoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai-. 2. navIna karnabaMdha ko rokanA saMvara evaM 2 AtmA se pUrvabaddha karmoM ko, unake vipAka ke pUrva hI tapAdi dvArA alaga karanA sirjara hai|" saMvara va nirjarA saMkAIbaMdha kA unleTa ho jAnA hI mokSa hai|

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114 jinavANI-- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka paMcamahAbhUtavAda yA bhUtacaitanyavAda gAthA saMkhyA sAta va ATha meM varNita isa mata kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| niyuktikAra ise cArvAka gata kahate haiN| avadheya hai ki 4 tattva- 1. pRthvI 2. jala 3. teja aura 4. vAyu ko mAnanA prAcIna lokAyatoM kA mata hai, jabaki arvAcIna cArvAka matAnuyAyI pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura AkAza ina pA~ca tatvoM ko mAnate haiN| ye pA~ca mahAbhUta sarvalokavyApI evaM sarvajana pratyakSa hone se mahAna haiN| inakA astitva vyapadeza khaNDana se pare hai| isa prakAra sUtrakRtAMga meM apekSAkRta arvAcIna cArvAkoM kA matollekha hai / yadyapi sAMkhya va vaizeSika dArzanika bhI paMcamahAbhUtoM ko mAnate haiM, parantu ye cArvAkoM ke samAna ina paMcamahAbhUtoM ko hI saba kucha nahIM mAnate / sAMkhya-mata puruSa, prakRti, mahattatva, ahaMkAra, paMcajJAnendriya paMcakarmendriya evaM paMcatanmAtrAoM kI sanA ko svIkAratA hai| vaizeSika dizA, kAla, AtmA, mana Adi anya padArthoM kI bhI sattA mAnatA hai| cArvAka dArzanika pRthvI Adi paMcamahAbhUtoM ke zarIra-rUpa meM pariNata hone ke kAraNa caitanya kI utpatti bhI inhIM paMcamahAbhUtoM se mAnate haiN| unakI mAnyatA hai ki jisa prakAra gur3a, mahuA Adi ke saMyoga se madazakti utpanna ho jAtI hai usI prakAra ina bhUtoM ke saMyoga se caitanya utpanna ho jAtA hai| cUMki ye bhautikavAdI pratyakSa ke atirikta anya koI pramANa nahIM mAnate, isaliye dUsare matavAdiyoM dvArA mAnya ina paMcamahAbhUtoM se bhinna paralokagAmI aura sukha-duHkha ke bhoktA kisI AtmA saMjJaka padArtha ko nahIM maante| isa anAtmavAda se hI zarIrAtmavAda, indriyAtmavAda, manasAtbhavAda, prANAtmavAda evaM viSayacaitanyavAda phalita haiM, jise katipaya cArvAka dArzanika mAnate haiM / niyuktikAra ne isa vAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai| apane mata ke samarthana meM niyuktikAra kA tarka hai ki pRthvI Adi paMcabhUtoM ke saMyoga se caitanyAdi utpanna nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki zarIra ke ghaTaka rUpa ina paMcamahAbhUtoM meM se kisI meM bhI caitanya nahIM hai| anya guNa vAle padArthoM ke saMyoga se anya guNa vAle padArtha kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| bAlU meM snigdhatA na hone se usameM se tela nahIM nikala sktaa| usI prakAra sparzana, rasana, prANa, cakSu aura zrotra rUpa pA~ca indriyoM ke jo upAdAnakAraNa haiM, unakA guNa bhI caitanya na hone se bhUtasamudAya kA guNa caitanya nahIM ho sktaa| isake atirikta eka indriya ke dvArA jAnI huI bAta dUsarI indriya nahIM jAna pAnI to phira maiMne sunA, dekhA, cakhA, suMghA isa prakAra kA saMkalana rUpa jJAna kisako hogA ? paraMtu yaha saMkalana jJAna anubhava siddha hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki bhautika indriyoM ke atirikta anya koI jJAtA hai jo pA~coM indriyoM dvArA jAnatA hai aura vahI tattva AtmA hai| yaha AtmA dravya dRSTi se nitya aura paryAya dRSTi se anitya

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| sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita dArzanika vicAra haiN| 24 sUtrakRtAMga ke dUsare zrutaskandha ke prathama "puNDarIka" nAmaka adhyayana ke dasaveM sUtra meM bhI zAstrakAra ne dvitIya puruSa ke rUpa meM paMcamahAbhUtikoM kI carcA kI hai evaM sAMkhya darzana ko bhI parigaNita kiyA hai| yadyapi sAMkhyavAdI pUrvokta pA~camahAbhUta tathA chaTe AtmA ko bhI mAnatA hai tathApi vaha paMcamahAbhUtoM se bhinna nahIM hai, kyoMki sAMkhya darzana AtmA ko niSkriya mAnakara paMcamahAbhUtoM ko utpanna karane vAlI prakRti ko hI samasta kAryoM kA kartA mAnatA hai| AtmA ko sAMkhya akartA mAnatA hai| sAMkhyadarzana puruSa yA AtmA ko prakRti dvArA kiye hue karmoM kA phala- bhoktA aura buddhi dvArA grahaNa kiye hue padArthoM ko prakAzita karane vAlA mAnatA hai| isalie "se kiNaM kimAvimANe, haNaM mAyamANe.. . Natthittha doso' arthAt sAMkhya ke AtmA ko bhArI se bhArI pApa karane para bhI usakA doSa nahIM lagatA, kyoMki vaha niSkriya hai| zAstrakAra kahatA hai ki yaha mata niHsAra evaM yuktirahita hai, kyoMki acetana prakRti vizva ko kaise utpanna kara sakatI hai| jo svayaM jJAna rahita evaM jar3a hai tathA sAMkhya kI dRSTi meM jo vastu hai hI nahIM vaha kabhI nahIM hotI aura jo hai usakA abhAva nahIM hotA to jisa samaya prakRti aura puruSa do hI the usa samaya yaha sRSTi to thI hI nahIM phira yaha kaise utpanna ho gyii| isakA koI uttara sAMkhya ke pAsa nahIM hai| isa prakAra lokAyatoM kA paMcamahAbhUtavAda evaM sAMkhyoM kA Azika paMcamahAbhUtavAda donoM hI mithyA haiN| 115 23 tajjIvataccharIravAda- tajjIvataccharIravAda cArvAkoM ke anAtmavAda kA phalita rUpa hai| ve mAnate haiM ki vahI jIva hai, vahI zarIra hai| paMcamahAbhUtavAdImata meM paMcamahAbhUta hI zarIra ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara daur3ane, bolane Adi sabhI kriyAe~ karate haiM jabaki tajjIvataccharIravAdI paMcabhUtoM se pariNata zarIra se hI caitanyazakti kI utpatti mAnatA hai| zarIra se AtmA ko vaha abhinna mAnatA hai| isa mata meM zarIra ke rahane taka hI astitva hai| zarIra ke vinaSTa hote hI paMcamahAbhUtoM ke bikhara jAne se AtmA kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| zarIra ke vinaSTa hone para usase bAhara nikalakara kahIM anyatra jAtA huA caitanya pratyakSa nahIM dikhAI detA, isalie kahA gayA hai ki- paNa te saMti' arthAt marane ke bAda AtmAe~ paraloka meM nahIM jAtI / niyuktikAra donoM matoM kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki paMcamahAbhUtoM se caitanya kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki inameM se kisI kA bhI guNa caitanya nahIM hai| anya guNa vAle padArthoM ke saMyoga se anya guNa vAle padArtha kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM haribhadra evaM skArNavarjina meM kirAti savAdi caitanya zarIra ke

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116 jinavANI- jainAgama - sAhitya vizeSAGka dharma haiM to mRta zarIra meM bhI rUpAdi guNoM kI bhAMti cetanA vidyamAna honI cAhie, para aisA nahIM hai ! zarIrAtmavAdiyoM ke kiNvAdibhyo madazaktivat' ke dRSTAnta kI viSamatA siddha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki madirA ke ghaTaka meM hI madirA rahatI hai, parantu kisI bhI bhUta meM caitanya nahIM rahatA / ataH yaha mata asaMgata hai| niyuktikAra kA kathana hai ki yadi deha ke vinAza ke sAtha AtmA kA vinAza mAnA jAya to mokSaprApti ke liye kiye jAne vAle jAna, darzana, cAritra, saMyama, vrata, niyama, sAdhanA Adi niSphala ho jaayeNge| ataH paMcamahAbhUtavAda kA siddhAnta mithyAtvagrasta evaM ajJAnamUlaka hai| 27 ekAtmavAda - vedAntI brahma ke atirikta samasta padArthoM ko asatya mAnate haiM, dUsare zabdoM meM cetana-acetana saba brahma (AtmA) rUpa hai| zAstrakAra kahate haiM ki nAnA rUpa meM bhAsita padArthoM ko bhI ekAtmavAdI dRSTAnta dvArA AtmarUpa siddha karate haiN| jaise pRthvI samudAya rUpa piNDa eka hote huya bhI nadI, samudra, parvata, nagara, ghaTa Adi ke rUpa meM nAnA prakAra kA dikhAI detA hai, kintu ina saba bhedoM ke bAvajUda inameM vyApta pRthvI tattva kA bheda nahIM hotaa| usI prakAra eka jJAna piNDa AtmA hI cetana-acetana rUpa samagraloka meM pRthvI, jala Adi bhUtoM ke AkAra meM nAnAvidha dikhAI detA hai, parantu AtmA ke svarUpa meM koI bheda nahIM hotaa| vaha prANAtipAta hiMsA meM Asakta svayaM pApa karake duHkha ko AmaMtrita karatA hai, kyoMki ekAtmavAda kI kalpanA yukti rahita hai| anubhava se yaha siddha hai ki sAvadya anuSThAna karane meM jo Asakta rahate haiM, ve hI pApakarma ke phalasvarUpa narakAdi ko bhogate haiM, dUsare nahIM / sUtrakRtAMga ekAtmavAda ko yuktihIna batAte hue usakA khaNDana karatA hai 1. usake anusAra ekAtmavAda meM eka ke dvArA kiye gaye zubha yA azubha karma kA phala dUsare sabhI ko bhoganA par3egA jo ki anucita evaM ayuktiyukta hai| 2. ekAtmavAda meM eka ke karmabandhana hone para sabhI karma baMdhana se baddha aura eka ke mukta hone para sabhI mukta ho jAyeMge aura isa prakAra baMdhana evaM mokSa kI avyavasthA ho jAyegI / 3. ekAtmavAda meM devadatta ko prApta jJAna yajJadatta ko honA cAhie evaM usI prakAra eka ke janma lene yA marane para sabhI kA janma lenA yA maranA siddha hogA jo kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai| 4. isake atirikta jar3a aura cetana sabhI meM eka hI AtmA mAnane para jar3a va caitanya meM bheda hI nahIM raha jAyegA tathA jise zAstra kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai evaM jo zAstra kA upadeSTA hai donoM meM bheda na ho sakane ke kAraNa zAstra

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sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita dArzanika vicAra kI racanA kaise hogii| 30 ataH ekAtmavAda ayuktiyukta hai, kyoMki "ege kiccA sayaM pAva tivvaM dukkhaM piyacchai arthAt jo pApa karma karatA hai use akele hI usake phala meM tIvra du:kha ko bhoganA par3atA hai| akArakavAda yA akartRtvavAda' * sAMkhya-yogamatavAdI AtmA ko akartA mAnate haiN| unake mata meM AtmA yA puruSa apariNAmI evaM nitya hone se kartA nahIM ho sakatA / zubha-azubha karma prakRti-kRta hone se vahI kartA hai| AtmA amUrta kUTastha, nitya evaM svayaM kriyAzUnya hone se karttA nahIM ho sktaa| zAstrakAra kI isake viruddha Apatti isa prakAra hai AtmA ko ekAnna, kUTastha, nitya, amUrta, sarvavyApI evaM niSkriya mAnane para pratyakSa dRzyamAna, janmaraNarUpa yA narakAdi gamanarUpa yaha loka siddha nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki kUTastha nitya AtmA eka zarIra va yoni ko chor3akara dUsare zarIra va yoni meM saMkramaNa nahIM kara skegaa| sAtha hI eka zarIra meM bAlaka, vRddha, yuvaka Adi paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karanA bhI asaMbhava hogaa| vaha AtmA sarvadA kUTastha nitya hone para vikAra rahita hogA aura bAlaka tathA mUrkha sadaiva bAlaka va mUrkha hI banA rahegA, usameM kisI naye svabhAva kI utpatti nahIM hogI / aisI sthiti meM janma-maraNAdi duHkhoM kA vinAza, usake lie puruSArtha, evaM karmakSayArtha, japa-tapa, saMyama-niyama Adi kI sAdhanA saMbhava nahIM hogii| sAMkhya ke prakRti kartRtva evaM puruSa ke bhoktA hote hue bhI katA na mAnane ko lekara aneka jainAcAryoM ne isa siddhAnta ko ayuktiyukta batAyA hai I //// 33 1,49 - 117 AtmaSaSThavAda AtmaSaSThavAda vedavAdI sAMkhya va vaizeSikoM kA mata hai | pro. harmana jaikobI ise caraka kA mata mAnate haiN| inake anusAra acetana paMcamahAbhUta evaM sacetana AtmA ye cha: padArtha haiN| AtmA aura loka donoM nitya haiN| ina chaH padArtho kA sahetuka yA ahetuka kisI prakAra se vinAza nahIM hotaa| inake mata meM asat kI kabhI utpatti nahIM hotI aura sat kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA evaM sabhI padArtha sarvathA nitya haiN| bauddha grantha 'udAna' meM AtmA aura loka ko zAzvata mAnane vAle kucha zramaNa-brAhmaNoM kA ullekha hai / bauddhadarzana meM padArtha kI utpatti ke pazcAt tatkAla hI niSkAraNa vinAza honA mAnA jAtA hai| ataH utpatti ke atirikta vinAza kA koI anya kAraNa nahIM hai| AtmaSaSThavAdI isa akAraNa vinAza ko nahIM mAnate aura na hI vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra bAhya kAraNoM se mAne jAne vAle sahetuka vinAza ko hI mAnate haiN| tAtparyataH AtmA yA paMcabhautika loka akAraNa yA sakAraNa donoM prakAra se vinaSTa nahIM hote| ye cetanAcetanAtmaka donoM koTi ke padArtha 1

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118 jinavANI- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka apane-apane svabhAva se acyuta rahakara sarvadA nitya kRte haiN| bhagavadgItA meM AtmA kI trikAlAbAdhita nityatA ko batAte huye kahA gayA hai ki 'jo asat hai vaha ho hI nahIM sakatA aura jo hai (san) usakA abhAva nahIM ho sktaa|' isI prakAra sAMkhya satkAryavAda ke AdhAra para AtmA aura loka kI nityatA siddha karatA hai| jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki sabhI padArthoM ko sarvathA yA ekAnna nitya mAnanA yathArtha nahIM hai| isaliye AtmA ko ekAnta nitya sat yA asat mAnanA asaMgata hai, kyoMki aisA mAnane se AtmA meM kartRtva pariNAma utpanna nahIM ho sakatA / kartRtva ke abhAva meM karmabandhana na hone se sukha - duHkha rUpa karmaphala bhoga bhI nahIM ho sakatA / ataH AtmA, paMcabhUta Adi sabhI padArthoM ko kathaMcit nitya aura kathaMcit anitya tathA kisI apekSA se sat evaM kisI apekSA se asat arthAt sadasatkArya rUpa na mAnakara, ekAnta mithyA grahaNa karanA hI AtmaSaSTavAdiyoM kA mithyAtva hai| pratyeka padArtha dravya rUpa se sat aura paryAya rUpa se asat yA anitya haiM, aisA satyagrAhI vyakti (jaina) mAnate hai| yahAM zAstrakAra ne anekAntavAda kI kasauTI para AtmaSaSThavAdI siddhAnta ko kasane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| 36 phApha 39 kSaNikavAda - bauddhadarzana kA 'anAtmavAda' kSaNikavAda evaM pratItyasamutpAda para nirbhara hai| yaha anAtmavAda sarvathA tucchAbhAvarUpa nahIM hai, kyoMki AtmavAdiyoM kI taraha puNya-pApa, karma-karmaphala, loka-paraloka punarjanma evaM mokSa kI yahAM mAnyatA aura mahattA hai| dIghanikAya ke brahmajAlasutta aura majjhimanikAya ke savvAsavvasutta ke anusAra mahAtmA buddha ke samaya meM AtmavAda kI do vicAradhArAeM pracalita thIM- prathama zAzvata AtmavAdI vicAradhArA jo AtmA ko nitya mAnatI thI evaM dUsarI ucchedavAdI vicAradhArA jo AtmA kA uccheda arthAt use anitya mAnatI thii| buddha ne ina donoM kA khaNDana kara anAtmavAda kA upadeza kiyA. parantu isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki unheM AtmA meM vizvAsa nahIM thaa| ve AtmA ko nitya aura vyApaka na mAnakara kSaNika cittasaMtati rUpa meM svIkAra karate the| visuddhimagga, suttapiTakagata aMguttaranikAya Adi bauddha granthoM ke anusAra kSaNikavAda ke do rUpa haiM- eka mata rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ina paMcaskandhoM se bhinna yA abhinna sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa va jJAnAdi ke AdhArabhUta AtmA nAma kA koI padArtha nahIM mAnatA hai| ina paMcaskandhoM se bhinna AtmA kA na to pratyakSa anubhava hotA hai, na hI AtmA ke sAtha avinAbhAva saMbaMdha rakhane vAlA koI liMga hI gRhIta hotA hai, jisase AtmA anumAna dvArA jAnI jA ske| ye paMcaskaMdha kSaNabhogI haiM, na to ye kUTastha nitya 7

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119 | sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita dArzanika vicAra / / haiM aura na hI kAlAntara rathAyI balki kSaNagAtra sthAyI haiN| ye sata haiM isIlie kSaNika haiN| sat kA lakSaNa arthakriyA-kAritva hai evaM jo sat hai vaha kSaNika hI hai| zaNikavAda kA Trasaga rUpa ina cAra dhAnuoM-pRthvI, jala, neja aura vAyu ko svIkAra karatA hai| ye cAgaM jagat kA dhArANa-poSaNa karate haiM, isaliye dhAtu kahalAte haiN| ye cAroM phAkAra hokara bhUnasaMjJaka rUpa skaMdha bana jAte haiM evaM zarIra rUpa meM janna pariNata ho jAte haiM taba inako jIva saMjJA hotI hai| jaisA ki ve kahate haiM.- 'yaha zarIra nAra dhAtuoM se banA hai, inase bhinna AtmA nahIM haiN| yaha bhAsaMjJaka rUpaskaMdhamaya hone ke kAraNa paMcaskandhoM kI taraha kSaNika hai| yaha cAturdhAtakavAda bhI kSaNikavAda kA hI eka rUpa hai jo satapiTaka ke majjhimanikAya meM varNita hai| vRttikAra zIlAMka ke anasAra ye sabhI bauddha matavAdI aphalavAdI haiN| bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda ke anusAra padAvaM, AtmA aura sabhI kriyAe~ kSaNika haiN| isaliA kiyA karane ke kSaNa meM hI kalA AtmA kA samUla vinAza ho jAtA hai, ata: AtmA kA kriyAphala ke sAtha koI saMbaMdha nahIM rhnaa| jaba phala ke samaya taka AtmA bhI nahIM rahatI aura kriyA bhI usI kSaNa naSTa ho gayI to aihika pAralaukika kriyAphala kA bhoktA kauna hogA? paMcaskandhoM yA paMcabhUtoM se bhinna AtmA na hone para AtmA rUpa phalopabhoktA nahIM hogaa| aisI sthiti meM gukha duHkhAdi phaloM kA upabhoga kauna karegA? sAtha hI AtmA ke abhAva meM baMdha-mokSa, janma-marANa, loka-paralokagamana kI vyavasthA gar3abar3a ho jAyegI aura zAstravihita samasta pravRttiyA~ nirarthaka ho jaayeNgii| zAstrakAra jainadarzanasammata AtmA kI yukti-yuktatA ke viSaya meM kahate haiM ki yaha pariNAmI nitya, jJAna kA AdhAra,dusare jIvoM meM Ane-jAne vAlA, paMcabhUtoM se kathaMcin bhinna tathA zarIra ke sAtha rahane se kathaMcit abhinna hai| vaha svakarmabandhoM ke kAraNa vibhinna narakAdi gatiyoM meM saMkramaNa karatA rahatA hai isaliye anitya evaM sahetuka bhI hai| AtmA ke nija svarUpa kA kathamapi nAza na hone kAraNa vaha nitya aura ahetuka bhI hai| aisA mAnane meM kartA ko kriyA kA sukha va duHkhAdirUpa phala bhI prApta hogA evaM bandha-mokSAdi vyavasthA kI upapatti bhI ho jaayegii| sAMkhyAdimatanissAratA evaM phalazruti - sAMkhyAdi dArzanikoM dvArA pratipAdita mukti-upAya kI AlocanA karate huye zAstrakAra kA mata hai ki paMcabhUtAtmavAdI se lekara cAturdhAtukavAdI paryanta sabhI darzana sabako sarvaduHkhoM se mukti kA AzvAsana dete haiN| prazna yaha hai ki kyA unake dArzanika mantavyoM ko svIkAra kara lenA hI duHkhamukti kA yathArtha mArga hai? kadAciTa nhiiN| balki mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra evaM

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| 120 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka tapa dvArA karma kSaya kara karmabandha ke kAraNoM- mithyAva, avirati. kaSAya, pramAda evaM yoga se dUra rahanA hI sarvaduHkha-mukti kA mArga hai| uparyukta matavAdI svayaM du:khoM se AvRtta haiM kyoMki ve saMdhi ko jAne binA kriyA meM pravRtta ho jAte haiM, pariNAmasvarUpa dharma tattva saM anabhijJa rahate haiN| jaba taka jIvana meM karmabandha kA kAraNa rahegA taba taka manuSya cAhe parvata para calA jAye yA kahIM rahe... vaha janma - mRtyu, jarA-vyAdhi, garbhavAsarUpa saMsAracakra paribhramaNa ke mahAdu:khoM kA sarvathA uccheda nahIM kara sktaa| aise jIva U~ca-nIca gatiyoM meM bhaTakate rahate haiM, kyoMki eka to ve svayaM ukta mithyAvAdoM ke kadAgraharUpa mithyAtva se grasta haiM, dUsare hajAroM janasamudAya ke samakSa mukti kA pralobhana dekara unheM mithyAtva viSa kA pAna karAte haiN| niyativAda- niyativAda AjIvikoM kA siddhAnta hai| makhaliputtagozAlaka niyativAda evaM AjIvaka sampradAya kA pravartaka thaa| sUtrakRtAMga ke prathamazrutaskandha meM gozAlaka yA AjIvaka kA nAmollekha nahIM hai, parantu upAsakadazAMga ke sAtaveM adhyayana ke sahAlaputra evaM kuNDakoliya prakaraNa meM gozAlaka aura usake mata kA spaSTa ullekha hai| isa matAnusAra utthAna, karmabala, vIrya, puruSArtha Adi kucha bhI nahIM haiN| saba bhAva sadA se niyata haiM : bauddha graMtha dIghanikAya, saMyuktanikAya Adi meM tathA jainAgama sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJati, aupapAtika Adi meM bhI AjIvaka matapravartaka niyativAdI gozAlaka kA varNana upalabdha hai| niyativAdI jagat meM sabhI jIvoM kA pRthaka va svatantra astitva mAnate haiN| parantu AtmA ko pRthak-pRthak mAnane para bhI niyativAda ke rahate jIva svakRta karmabaMdha se prApta sukha-duHkhAdi kA bhoga nahIM kara sakegA aura na hI sukha-du:kha bhogane ke liye anya zarIra, gati tathA yoni meM saMkramaNa kara skegaa| zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM niyativAda ke saMbaMdha meM kahA gayA hai ki cUMki saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha sva-sva niyata svarUpa se utpanna hote haiM ata: ye sabhI padArtha niyati se niyamita hote haiN| yaha samasta carAcara jagat niyati se baMdhA huA hai| jise, jisase, jisa rUpa meM honA hotA hai, vaha usase, usI samaya, usI rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra abAdhita pramANa se siddha isa niyati kI gati ko kauna roka sakatA hai? kauna isakA khaMDana kara sakatA hai? niyativAda kAla, svabhAva, karma aura puruSArtha Adi ke virodha kA bhI yuktipUrvaka nirAkaraNa karatA hai| niyativAdI eka hI kAla meM do puruSoM dvArA sampanna eka hI kArya meM saphalatA-asaphalatA, sukha-du:kha kA mUla niyati ko hI mAnate haiN| isa prakAra unake mana meM niyati hI samasta jAgatika padArthoM kA kAraNa hai|

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sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita dArzanika vicAra . ...... 121 sUtrakRtAMgakara ukta mata kA khaNDana karate huye kahate haiM ki niyativAdI yaha nahIM jAnate haiM ki sukha-duHkhAdi sabhI niyatikRta nahIM hote| kucha sukha-du:kha niyatikRta hote haiM, kyoMki una-una sukha-du:khoM ke kAraNarUpa karma kA abAdhA kAla samApta hone para avazya udaya hotA hI hai, jaise- nikAcita karma kA, parantu aneka sukha-du:kha puruSa ke udyoga, kAla, svabhAva aura karma dvArA kiye huye hote haiM aura niyata nahIM hote| ata: kevala niyati hI samasta vastuoM kA kAraNa hai, aisA mAnanA kathamapi yuktisagana nahIM hai| kAla, svabhAva, adRSTa, niyati aura puruSArtha ye pA~coM kAraNa pratyeka kArya yA sukhAdi meM paraspara sApekSa siddha hote haiM, ata: ekAnta rUpa meM kevala niyati ko mAnanA sarvathA doSayukta hai| ajJAnavAda svarUpa - zAstrakAra ekAntavAdI, saMzayavAdI tathA ajJAnamithyAtvagrasta anya dArzanikoM ko vanyamRga kI saMjJA dete huye evaM anekAntavATa ke pariprekSya meM unake siddhAntoM kI samIkSA karate huye kahate haiM ki ekAnnavAdI, ajJAnamithyAtvayakta anArya zramaNa samyagjJAna, darzana va cAritra se pUrNata: rahita haiN| ve samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra, ahiMsA, satya, anekAnta, aparigraha Adi saMdarbho se zaMkAkula hokara unase dUra bhAgate haiN| saddharmaprarUpaka vItarAga ke sAnnidhya se katarAte haiN| saddharmaprarUpaka zAstroM para zaMkA karate huye hiMsA, asatya, mithyAtva, ekAntavAda yA viSaya kaSAyAdi se yukta adharma prarUpaNA ko ni:zaMka hokara grahaNa karate haiM tathA adharma prarUpakoM kI sthApanA karate haiN| yajJa aura pazubalijanita ghora hiMsA kI dezanA vAle zAstroM ko jinameM kAmanAyukta karmakANDoM kA vidhAna aura hiMsA janaka kAryoM kI preraNA hai, ni:zaMka bhAva se svIkAra karate hai| ghora pApakarma meM Abaddha aise loga isa janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra meM bAra-bAra AvAgamana karate rahate haiN| ajJAnagrasta evaM sanmArga-abhijJa aise ajJAnavAdiyoM ke saMsarga meM Ane vAle dizAmUr3ha haiM evaM duHkha ko prApta hoNge| saMjaya velaTThiputta ke anusAra tattva viSayaka ajJeyatA yA anizcitatA hI ajJAnavAda kI AdhArazilA hai| ajJAnavAdiyoM ke saMdarbha meM do prakAra ke mata milate haiM- eka to ve ajJAnavAdI haiM jo svayaM ke alpamithyAjJAna se garvonmatta hokara samasta jJAna ko apanI virAsata mAnate haiM, jabaki yathArthataH unakA jJAna kevala pallavagrAhI hotA hai| ye tathAkathita zAstrajJAnI vItarAga sarvajJa kI anekAntarUpa tattvajJAna se yukta, sApekSavAda se otaprota vANI ko galata samajhakara evaM use saMzayavAda kI saMjJA dekara TakarA dete haiN| dUsare ajJAnavAdI ajJAna ko hI zreyaskara mAnate haiN| unake mata meM jJAnAbhAva meM vAda-vivAda, vitaNDA, saMgharSa, kalaha ahaMkAra, kaSAya Adi ke

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| 122 .. . jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka prapaMca se ve mana meM rAga-dveSAdi utpanna na hone dene kA sabase sarala upAya jJAna-pravRtti ko chor3akara ajJAna meM hI lIna rahanA mAnate haiN| ajJAna ko zreyaskara mAnane vAle ajJAnavAdI sabhI yathArtha jJAnoM se dUra rahanA cAhate haiM-- sabase bhale mUDha, jinheM na vyApai jagata gti| kriyAvAda yA karmopacaya niSedhavAda - bauddha darzana ko sAmAnyatayA akriyAvAdI darzana kahA gayA hai| bauddhagrantha aMgataranikAya ke tutIya bhAga aTThaka nipAta ke siMhasutta meM tathA vinayapiTaka ke mahAnagga kI siMhasenApativatthu meM buddha ke akriyAvAdI hone ke ullekha hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke bArahaveM samavasaraNa adhyayana meM sUtra 535 kI cUrNi evaM vRtti meM bauddhoM ko kahIM akriyAvAdI evaM kahIM kriyAvAdI- donoM kahA gayA hai, kintu isa virodha kA parihAra karate huye kahA gayA hai ki yaha apekSAbheTa se hai| kriyAvAdI kevala caityakarma kiye jAne vAle (cittavizuddhipUrvaka) kisI bhI karma Adi kriyA ko pradhAna rUpa se mokSa kA aMga mAnate haiN| bauddha cittazuddhipUrvaka sampanna prabhUta hiMsAyukta kriyA ko evaM ajJAnAdi se kiye gaye nigna cAra prakAra ke karmopacaya ko bandhakA kAraNa nahIM mAnate aura karmacintA se pare rahate haiN| 1. parijJopacita karma - jAnate hue bhI kopAdi yA krodhavaza zarIra se akRta, kevala mana se ciMtita hiMsAdi krm| 2. avijJopacita karma-ajJAnavaza zarIra se sampanna hiMsAdi krm| 3. IryApatha karma- mArga meM jAte samaya anabhisaMdhi se hone vAlA hiMsATi krm| 4. svapnAntika karma- svapna meM hone vAle hiMsAdi krm| bauddhoM ke anusAra aise karmoM se puruSa spRSTa hotA hai, baddha nahIM, kyoMki ye cAroM karma sparza ke bAda hI naSTa ho jAte haiN| isIliye bauddha ina karmagranthiyoM se nizcinta hokara kriyAe~ karate hai| bauddha rAga-dveSa rahita buddhipUrvaka yA vizuddha mana se huye zArIrika prANAtipAta ko bhAvavizuddhi hone ke kAraNa karmopacaya nahIM maante| bauddhagrantha suttapiTaka ke khudakanikAya bAlovAda jAtaka meM buddha kahate bhI haiM ki- vipatti ke samaya pitA dvArA putra kA vadha kara svayaM usakA bhakSaNa tathA medhAvI bhikSu dvArA ukta mAMzAsana pApakarma kA kAraNa nahIM hai| sUtrakAra bauddhoM ke tarka ko asaMgata mAnate haiM kyoMki rAga-dveSAdi ye yukta citta ke binA mArane kI kriyA ho hI nahIM sktii| maiM putra ko mAratA hU~ aise cittapariNAma ko kathamapi asaMkliASTa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ata: karmopacaya niSedhavAdI bauddha karmacintA se rahita hai tathA saMyama evaM saMvara ke vicAra se kisI kArya meM pravRtta nahIM hote, aisA zAstrakAra kA bauddhoM para AkSepa hai|

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sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita dArzanika vicAra 123 Xin jagatkartRtvavAda - sUtrakRtAMga meM jagat kI racanA ke saMdarbha meM ajJAnavAdiyoM ke pramukha sAta matoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai* 1. kisI deva dvArA kRta saMrakSita evaM boyA huA / 2. brahmA dvArA racita, rakSita yA utpanna / 3. Izvara dvArA racita / 4. yaha loka prakRti-kRta hai| 5. svayaMbhUkRta loka / 6. yamarAja (mAra-mRtyu) racita jagat mAyA hai, ataH anitya hai / 19. loka aNDe se utpanna hai / zAstrakAra kI dRSTi meM ye samasta jagatkartRtvavAdI parAmarza se anabhijJa, mRSAvATI evaM svayuktiyoM ke AdhAra para avinAzI jagat ko vinAzI, ekAnta va anitya batAne vAle haiN| vAstava meM loka yA jagata kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA kyoMki dravya rUpa se yaha sadaiva sthira rahatA hai| yaha loka atIta meM thA, vartamAna meM hai| vAstava meM loka yA jagata kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA, kyoMki dravya rUpa se yaha sadaiva sthira rahatA hai| yaha loka atIta meM thA, vartamAna meM hai aura bhaviSya meM rhegaa| yaha sarvathA ayuktiyukta mAnyatA hai ki kisI deva, brahmA, Izvara, prakRti, viSNu yA ziva ne sRSTi kI racanA kI, kyoMki yadi kRta hotA to sadaiva nAzavAna hotA, parantu loka ekAnnataH aisA nahIM hai| aisA koI pramANa nahIM hai jisase apane-apane mAnya ArAdhya dvArA loka kA kartRtva siddha kiyA jA ske| Izvara kartRtvavAdiyoM ne ghaTarUpa kArya ke kartA kumhAra kI taraha Izvara ko jagat kA kartA siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, parantu loka dravyarUpa se nitya hone ke kAraNa kArya hai hI nahIM / paryAya rUpa se anitya hai, parantu kArya kA kartA ke sAtha koI avinAbhAva nahIM hai| jIva va ajIva anAdikAla se svabhAva meM sthita haiM / ve na kabhI naSTa hone haiM na hI vinAza ko prApta hote haiM- unameM mAtra avasthAoM kA parivartana honA hai| svakRta azubha anuSThAna yA karma se duHkha evaM zuddha dharmAnuSThAna se sukha kI utpatti hotI hai| dUsarA koI deva brahmA, viSNu Adi kisI ko sukha-duHkha se yukta nahIM kara sktaa| 6 e avatAravAda' * niyativAda kI bhAMti avatAravAda mata bhI AjIvakoM kA hai| samavAyAMga vRtti aura sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha ke chaThe adhyayana meM trairAzikoM ko AjIvaka yA gozAlaka matAnusArI batAyA gayA hai. ye AtmA kI tIna avasthAe~ mAnate haiM 1. rAgadveSa rahita karmabandhana se yukta pApa sahita azuddha AtmA kI avasthA / 2. azuddha avasthA se mukti hetu zuddha AcaraNa dvArA zuddha niSpApa avasthA prApta karanA tadanusAra mukti meM pahuMca jAnA /

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124 jinavANI- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka 3. zuddha niSpApa AtmA krIr3A, rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa usI prakAra punaH karma raja se lipta ho jAtA hai jaise-maTamaile jala ko phiTakarI Adi se svaccha kara liyA jAtA hai, parantu AMdhI tUphAna se ur3AI gayI reta va miTTI ke kAraNa vaha puna: malina ho jAtA hai|" isa taraha AtmA mukti prApta kara bhI krIr3A aura pradoSa ke kAraNa saMsAra meM avatarita honA hai| vaha apane dharmazAyana kI puna: pratiSThA karane ke lie rajoguNa yukta hokara avatAra letA hai| yahI tathya gItA meM bhagavAna kRSNa ne arjuna ko upadeza dete hae kahA hai-- he bhArata! jaba-jaba dharma kI hAni aura adharma kI vRddhi hotI hai, taba-taba meM hI apane rUpa ko racatA hU~, sAdhu-puruSoM kI rakSA tathA pApakarma karane vAloM kA vinAza evaM dharma kI acchI taraha se sthApanA karane ke liye yuga -yuga meM prakaTa huA karatA huuN| sUtrakAra avatAravAda kA khaMDana karate hue kahate haiM ki jo AtmA eka bAra karmamala se sarvathA rahita ho cukA hai, zuddha, buddha, mukta evaM niSpApa ho cukA hai, vaha punaH azuddha karmaphala yukta aura pApayukta kaise ho sakatA hai? jaise bIja ke jala jAne para usase aMkura utpanna honA asambhava hai, vaise hI karmabIja ke jala jAne para phira janmamaraNa rUpa aMkura kA phUTanA asaMbhava hai aura phira isa bAta ko to gItA bhI mAnatI hai mAmupetya punarjanma duHkhAlayamazAzvatam / nApnuvanti mahAtmanaH saMsiddhi paramAM gtaaH|| mAmupetya tu kaunteya! punarjanma na vidyte||" 'kIDApadoseNa' kahakara avatAravAdI jo avatAra kA kAraNa batalAte haiM usakI saMgati gItA se baiThatI hai, kyoMki avatarita hone vAlA bhagavAna duSToM kA nAza karatA hai taba apane bhakta kI rakSA ke lie hara saMbhava prayatna karatA hai aura aisA karane meM unameM dveSa evaM rAga kA honA svAbhAvika hai| sva-sva pravAda prazaMsA evaM siddhi kA dAvA- sUtrakAra ke anusAra jagatkartRtvavAdI AjIvaka kArya-kAraNavihIna evaM yuktirAMhena apane hI matavAda kI prazaMsA karate haiN| ve siddhivAdI svakalpita siddhi ko hI kendra mAnakara usI se ihalaukika evaM pAralaukika siddhi ko siddha karane ke liye yuktiyoM kI khIMcatAna karate haiN| parantu jo dArzanika mAtra jJAna yA kriyA se aSTa bhautika aizvarya, anya laukika evaM yaugika upalabdhiyoM se mukti mAnate haiM ve sacce artha meM saMvRtta nahIM haiN| vastuta: ve svayaM ko siddhi se bhI utkRSTa jJAnI, muktidAtA va tapasvI kahakara aneka bhole logoM ko bhramita karate haiN| phalata: ve matavAdI ina tIna duSphaloM ko prApta karate haiM- 1. anAdi saMsAra meM bAra-bAra paribhramaNa 2. dIrghakAla paryanta bhavanapati deva (asura) yoni meM evaM 3. alpa Rddhi , Ayu tathA zakti se yukta adhama kilviSika deva ke rUpa meM

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sUtrakRtAMga meM carNita dArzanika vicAra ..... ___125 utptti| paravAdI nirasana"- indriyasukhopabhoga evaM svasiddhAnta ko sarvopari mAnane vAle dArzanika matavAdoM kI granthakAra bhartsanA karate hue kahate haiM ki ye ekAnta darzanoM, dRSTiyoM, vAdoM ko satya mAnakara unakI zaraNa lekara evaM karmabaMdhoM se nizcinta hokara evaM pApa karmoM meM Asakna hokara AcaraNa karate haiN| inakI gati saMsAra sAgara pAra hone kI AzA meM mithyAtva, avirati Adi chidroM ke kAraNa karmajala praviSTa ho jAne vAlI mithyAdRSTiyukta mananaukA meM ArUr3ha matamohAndha vyakti kI hotI hai jo bIca meM hI DUba jAne haiM" arthAt mithyAtvayukta-mata sachidra naukA ke samAna hai aura isakA AcaraNa karane vAlA vyakti janmAndha ke samAna hai| lokavAda samIkSA- lokavAdiyoM kA tAtparya paurANika matavAdiyoM se hai| mahAvIra ke yuga meM paurANikoM kA bahuta jora thaa| loga paurANikoM ko sarvajJa mAnate the, unase Agama-nigama, loka-paraloka ke rahasya, prANI ke maraNottara dazA kI athavA pratyakSa dRzyamAna loka kI utpatti, sthiti va pralaya kI bahata carcAeM karate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga meM pUraNakAzyapa, makkhaligozAla, ajitakezakambala, pakudakAtyAyana, gautamabuddha. saMjayavelaliputna evaM kaI tIrthakara the jo sarvajJa kahe jAte the| zAstrakAra ne ina matavAdiyoM ke siddhAnta para nima dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA hai- 1. lokavATa kitanA heya va upAdeya hai, 2. yaha loka ananta, nitya evaM zAzvata hai yA avinAzo hai yA antavAna kintu nitya hai| 3. kyA paurANikoM Adi kA avatAra lokavAdI hai evaM 4. trasa, trasa yoni meM hI aura sthAvara, sthAvara yoni meM hI saMkramaNa karate haiN| lokavAdI mAnyatA kA khaNDana lokavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA ki loka ananta, nitya, zAzvata evaM avinAzI hai, kA khaNDana karate hue jainadArzanika kahate haiM ki yadi lokagata padArthoM ko kUTastha nitya (vinAza rahita sthira) mAnate haiM to yaha pratyakSa viruddha hai, kyoMki isa jagat meM jar3a-cetana koI bhI aisA padArtha nahIM hai jo pratikSaNa parivartanazIla na ho, paryAya rUpa se vaha sadaiva utpanna va vinaSTa hote dIkhatA hai| ata: lokagata padArtha sarvathA kUTastha nitya nahIM ho skte| dUsare lokavAdiyoM kI yaha mAnyatA sarvathA ayukta hai ki trasa sadaiva sa padArtha meM hI utpanna hotA hai, puruSa, maraNoparAnta puruSa evaM ratrI maraNopAnta strI hI hotI hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki sthAvara jIva trasa ke rUpa meM aura trasa jIva sthAvara ke rUpa meM athavA saMsArI jIva sabhI yoniyoM meM utpanna ho sakate haiN| ajJAnI jIva apane apane karmoM se pRthaka - pRthaka rUpa racate haiN| yaTi lokavATa ko satya mAnA jAya ki jo isa jagata meM jaisA hai, vaha usa

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126 jinavANI- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka janma meM vaisA hI hogA, to dAna adhyayana, japa tapa anuSThAna vyartha ho jAyeMge, phira bhalA kyoM koI dAna karega yA yama-niyamAdi kI sAdhanA kregaa| AdhAkarmadoSa -sUtrakRtAMga kI 60 se 63 taka kI gAthAeM nirgrantha AhAra se saMbaddha haiN| zramaNAhAra ke prasaMga meM isameM AdhAkarmadoSa se dUSita AhArasevana se hAni evaM AhArasevI kI durdazA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yadi sAdhu kA AhAra AnAkarmadoSa se dUSita hogA to vaha hiMsA kA bhAgI to hogA hI. sAtha hI usake vicAra, saMskAra evaM usakA antaHkaraNa nirbala ho jaayegaa| dUSita AhAra se sAdhu ke sukhazIla, kaSAyayukta evaM pramAdI bana jAne kA khatarA hai| AdhAkarmI AhAra grAhI sAdhu gAr3ha karmabandhana ke phalasvarUpa naraka. tiryaca Adi yoniyoM meM jAkara duHkha bhogate haiN| unakI durdazA vaisI hI hotI hai jaise bAr3ha ke jala ke prabhAva se prakSipta sUkhe va gIle sthAna para pahuMcI huI vaizAlika matsya ko mAMsArthI DaMka va kaMka (kramaza: cIla va giddha ) pakSI satA - satAkara duHkha pahuMcAte haiN|" vartamAna sukha ke abhilASI kaI zramaNa vaizAlika matsya ke samAna anantabAra duHkha va vinAza ko prApta hote haiN| munidharmopadeza - sUtrakRtAMga kI 76 se 79 taka kI gAthAoM meM zAstrakAra ne nirgrantha hetu saMyama, dharma evaM svakartavya bodha kA isa prakAra nirUpaNa kiyA hai m) n 1. pUrvasaMbaMdha tyAgI, anyayUdhika sAdhu, gRhastha ko samArambhayukta kRtyoM kA upadeza dene ke kAraNa zaraNa grahaNa karane yogya nahIM hai| 2. vidvAna muni unheM jAnakara unase Asaktijanaka saMsarga na rkhe| 3. parigraha evaM hiMsA se mokSa prApti mAnane vAle pravrajyAdhAriyoM kA saMsarga chor3akara niSparigrahI, nirArambha mahAtmAoM kI zaraNa meM jAye / 4. AhArasaMbaMdhI grAsaiSaNA, grahaNaiSaNA, paribhogaSaNA, Asaktirahita evaM rAgadveSamukta hokara kare / ahiMsAdharma nirUpaNa - ahiMsA ko yadi jaina dharma-darzana kA merudaNDa kahA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| isalie jainAgamoM meM ahiMsA ko vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| sUtrakAra ne bhI kucha sUtroM meM ahiMsA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| saMsAra ke samasta prANI ahiMsya haiM, kyoMki--- 9. isa dRzyamAna trasa sthAvara rUpa jagat kI mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRttiyAM athavA bAla, yauvana, vRddhatva Adi avasthAe~ sthUla haiM. pratyakSa haiN| 2. sthAvara jaMgama sabhI prANiyoM kI paryAya avasthAeM sadA eka sI nahIM rahatI / 3. sabhI prANI zArIrika, mAnasika duHkhoM se pIr3ita hai arthAt sabhI prANiyoM ko duHkha apriya haiN| uparyukta mana para zaMkA vyakta karate hA kala manalAgI AtmA meM

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sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita dArzanika vicAra . . 127 koI parivartana nahIM mAnate, AtmA kI bAlyAdi avasthAe~ nahIM hotI, na hI sukha-du:kha hote haiM isalie kisI jIva kA vadha karane se yA pIr3A dene se koI hiMsA nahIM hotii| zAstrakAra ukna mata ko asaMgata batAte haiM kyoMki samasta prANiyoM kI vividha ceSTAe~ nathA bAlyAdi avasthAe~ pratyakSa haiM, prANimAtra maraNadharmA hai| eka zarIra naSTa hone para svakarmAnusAra manuSya tiryaMca , narakAdi yoniyoM meM pariMgita hotA hai evaM eka paryAya se dUsare paryAya meM badalane para jarA, mRtyu. zArIrika-mAnasika ciMtA, saMtApa Adi nAnA duHkha bhogatA hai jo prANiyoM ko sarvathA apriya haiN| isalie ravAbhAvika hai ki jaba koI kisI prANI ko satAyegA, pIr3A pahu~cAyegA, prANoM se rahita kara degA to use duHkhAnubhava avazya hogaa| isIlie zAstrakAra ne inhIM tIna sthUla kAraNoM ko prastuta kara kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na karane ko kahA hai| cAritra zuddhi ke lie upadeza prathama adhyayana ke aMtima tIna sUtroM meM karmabandhanoM ko tor3ane ke liye cAritra-zuddhi kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| vAstava meM jJAna, darzana, cAritra athavA triratna samanvita rUpa meM mokSamArga ke avarodhaka karmabaMdhanoM se chuTakArA pAne kA ekamAtra upAya hai| hiMsAdi pA~ca AnavoM se avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura mana, vacana , kAya rUpI yoga kA durupayoga- ye cAritra doSa ke kAraNa hai aura karmabandhana ke bhI kAraNa haiM ! cAritrazuddhi se Atmazuddhi hotI hai| umAsvAti evaM unake tattvArthasUtra ke TIkAkAroM ne 1. gupti 2. samiti 3. dharma 4. anuprekSA 5. parISahajaya 6. cAritra va 7. tapa ko saMvara kA kAraNa mAnA hai| isI prakAra cAritra zuddhi ke pariprekSya meM dasa viveka sUtroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai jo tIna gAthAoM meM isa prakAra antarnihita haiM1. sAdhaka dasa prakAra kI samAcArI meM sthita rhe| 2.usakI AhAra Adi meM gaddhatA-Asakti na rhe| 3. apramatta hokara apanI AtmA kA yA ratnatraya kA saMrakSaNa kre| 4. gamanAgamana, Asana, zayana, khAnapAna meM viveka rkhe| 5. pUrvokta tInoM sthAnoM, samitiyoM athavA inake mana, vacana, kAya gupti __ rUpI tIna sthAnoM meM muni satata saMyata rhe| 6 . krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM kA parityAga kre| 7. sadA paMcasamiti (IryAsamiti, bhASAsamiti, eSaNAsamiti, AdAnanikSepa samiti aura utsarga samiti) se yukta azvA sadA samabhAva meM pravRtta hokara rhe| 8. prANAtipAtAdi-viramaNa rUpa paMcamahAvrata rUpa saMvaroM se yukta rhe| 2. bhikSAzIla sAdhu gArhasthya baMdhanoM se baMdhe hue gRhasthoM se AsaktipUrvaka

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| 128 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka baMdhA huA na rhe| 10, mokSa prApta hone taka saMyamAnuSThAna meM pragati kare evaM aDiga rhe| cUMki cAritra karmAnava ke nirodha kA , parama saMvara kA evaM mokSamArga kA sAkSAt aura pradhAna kAraNa hai isalie sUtrakAra ne cAritra zuddhi ke liye upadeza diyA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sUtrakRtAMga (prathama adhyayana ke prathama se lekara cauthe uddezaka taka) meM bhAratIya darzana meM varNita prAya: sabhI matavAdoM kA kuzala samAveza kara unakI mImAMsA kI gaI hai| aisA koI matavAda nahIM hai jise sUtrakAra kI painI dRSTi ne sparza na kiyA ho| yadyapi sUtrakAra ne kisI bhI sampradAya vizeSa kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai, kevala unake dArzanika mantavyoM ko hI AdhAra mAnakara svapakSamaNDana va parapakSa nirasana kiyA hai, phira bhI vaha apane uddezya meM sarvathA saphala rahA hai| sampradAyoM kA spaSTa nAmollekha na milane kA kAraNa bahuta kucha sImA taka una-una matavAdoM kA usa samaya taka pUrNarUpeNa vikasita na honA mAnA jA sakatA hai| bAda ke TIkAkAroM va niyuktikAroM ne dArzanika mantavyoM kA sampradAya vizeSa sahita ullekha kiyA hai| jahA~ taka isameM antarnihita dArzanika vivecanA kA prazna hai, sUtrakAra ne jina matavAdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unheM apane anekAntavAda va karmavAdapravaNa ahiMsA kI kasauTI para kasate hue yahI batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai, ki cAhe vaha vaidika darzana kA kUTastha AtmavAda ho, bauddhoM kA kSaNikavAda ho, lokAyatoM kA bhautikavAda ho, sAMkhyoM kA akartAvAda ho yA niyativAdiyoM kA niyativAda ho- koI bhI darzana hamAre satana anubhava, vyaktitva kI ekatA evaM hamAre cetanAmaya jIvana kI, jo satata parivartanazIla hai, sampUrNa dRSTi se samucita vyAkhyA nahIM kara paataa| yaha jainadarzana ko anekAntavAdI dRSTi hI hai jo ekAnta zAzvatavAda evaM ekAnta ucchedavAda ke madhya AnubhAvika stara para eka yathArtha samanvaya prastuta kara sakatI hai tathA naitika evaM dhArmika jIvana kI tarkasaMgata vyAkhyA kara sakatI hai| ___ saMdarbha 1. sUtrakRtAMga niyukiA gAtha-18-20 tathA unakI zIlAMka vRtti 2. sUtrakRtAMga gAthA 1 (saM. va anu. madhukara muni , Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1982) 3. unaradhyayanasUtra 8.15 4. badhyate'nA baMdhanamAtraM vA baMdha:--tattvArthavArtika bhAga, pR. 26, bhaTTa aphalaMkadeva, sampA. mahendrakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kazI bi.ni. saM. 2499 ... sakaSAyattvAjjIvaH karma yogyAna puglAnAdane sabaMdha / ..lAvArtha sUtra 8.2 6 .sukhalAla rAghavI. bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala, vardhA 1952

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sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita dArzanika vicAra . . 1290 7. tatvArthavArtika-2.1.0 2 pR. 124 8. Anmakarmagoranyo'nyapradezAnupravezAtmako bakaH : -sarvArthasiddhi (pUjyapAdAcArya saM va anu. phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI bhAratIya jJAnapoTa, kAzI, prathamAvRtti san 1955) 1.4 pR.14 9. krodhAdipariNAmavazIkRto bhAvabandha:-tandhArthavArtika--2.10.2, pR. 124 10. dravyasaMgraha nemicandracArya, prakA. zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala bi. ni. saM. 2433 11. samayasAra (AtmakhyAti-tAtparyavRtti bhASAvanikA TIkaH sahita) kundakundAcArya sampA. pannAlAla jaina, prakAzaka paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, boriyA, dvitIyAvRtti san 1974 gAtha153. atmakhyAti TIkA-gAthA 153 12. -micchannaM jamasaddahaNaM taccANa hoi atthaannN| ...bhagavatIArAdhanA. thA 56. AcArya zivakoTi (sampA. sakhArAma doSI jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA zolApara pra.sa san 1935) 13. sarvArthasiddhi-7/9 14. dhavalA, vIrasena. khaM.2 bhAga 1 sUtra 7 pR.7 (hindI anuvAda sahita amarAvatI pra.saM. 1939-59) 15.sarvArthasiddhida/4,pR.320 16.sarvArthasiddhi-2/26.pa.183 17. tatvArdha sUtra 9/1 18. puvvakaTakammasar3aNaM tu girA-bhagavatIArAdhanA, gAthA 1847 19. sarvadarzanasaMgraha-mAdhavAcArya. pR.10 (caukhambhA saMskRta sirIja, vArANasI) 20.sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA 33 21. sUtrakRtAMga 2.1.657 22.sUtrakRtAga-1.1.11-12,5.25 23. vahI, pR. 26 24. vahI, pR. 26 25. prameyaratnamAlA 4.8. pU. 296 (laghuanantavIrya, vyAkhyAkAra, sampA. hIrAlAla jaina, caukhAmA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI - vi.saM. 2020) 26.zAstravAsmuincaya 1.65-66, harabhidrasUri, bhAratIyasaMskRtividyA ndira (ahamadAbAda-1969) tattvArthavArtika 2.7.27, pR. 117 / 27. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.9--10 28. sarvametadidaM brahma-chA.3. 3.14.1 brahmakhalvidaM sarvan-maitreyyupaniSad 4,6,3 29. sUtrakRtAMga. 1.1.10 30.sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.13-14 31. amUnaznano bhogI nityaH savaMgato'kriya : alartA nirguNaH sUkSma atmA kpildrshne| SaDdarzana smuccy| (guNaratnasUrikRta rahasyadIpikA sahita)) harabhidrasUri, saM. mahendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI 1970 32. tattvArthavArtika 2.101 33. sandi paMcamahAbhUtA ihamegesiM aahitaa| AyachaTA puNega''hu AyA loge ya saaste| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 1.1.15 34. nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate stH| ubhyorapi draSTo'ntasvanayostatvadarzibhiH / bhagavadagItA 216

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| 130 . jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka 35. asatakaraNAdapA grahaNAt svsNbhvaabhaavaat| zaktasya zakyakaraNAt kAraNabhAva satkAryam / / sAM.kA. 9 (gaur3apAda bhASya) :Izvara-kRSNa, ha.ka.cau.kAzI, vi.saM. 15:75 36. sUtrakalAMga kI zIlAMkAvRtti patrAMka 24-25 36. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 5.1.17-18 28. dIghanikAya 1.1 (anuvAda-bhikSu rAhala sAkalyAya evaM jagadIza kazyapa, prakA. bhAratIya bauddha zikSA pariSTa, buddhavihAra, lakhanA) 31 majjhimanikAya-1.1.2 40. ...puna na paraM bhikratuve, bhikkhu, imamevaM kAyaM yathAThitaM yathApaNihitaM dhadusopaccavekvati-atthi imasmikAye padhavI dhAtu, ApadhAtu, tejodhAnu, vAyudhAtu ti suttapiTaka majji. pali bhaga 3. pR. 553 41 sUtrakRtAMga-1.1.19-21 42 teNAvimaM saMdhi NaMcyA NaM Na ne dhmmviujgaa| je tu vAigo evaM Na te aahtraa''hiyaa||vhii 1.1.20 43. sUtrakRtAMga, zIlAMka vRtti 28 44. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1.2.28-31, gommaTasAra karmakANDa-892 (prakAzaka parAmata prabhAvaka auna maNDala, bambaI, vI.ni.sa.2453) 45. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 2. pR. 138 46. niyatenaiva bhAvena sarve bhAvA bhavanti yt| tato niyatijA hote tatsvarUpAnuvedhataH / / zAstravArtAsamuccaya 2.61 47. karma kA jisa rUpa meM baMdha huA usako usI rUpa meM bhoganA arthAta udrartanA, apavartanA, saMkramaNa aura udIraNA avasthAoM kA na honA nikAcita kavisthA kahalAtI hai| gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gAthA 44 48. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1.2.33-50 49. jAvigo minA jahAsanA parivANeNajjiyA, asakiyAI saMkati saMkiyAI asNkinno| vahI 1.2.33 50. vahIM, pR. 51 51. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra pR. 33 52. vahI 1.2.56-56 53. ahaM hi sIha : akiriyaM vadAmi kApduncaritassa voduJcatisva. mAduccaritasya aneka vihitAna pApakAna akusalAnaM akiriyaM vadAni sunapiTake aguttara nikAya, pAli bhAga 3, aTThakagipAta pR. 293-96 54. sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi mU.pa. Ti. pR.9 / / 55. puttaM pina samAraMbha AhAraTTha asNjye| bhujamANo vi mehAvI kammuNA No va lipyate / / - sUtrakRtAMga 1.2/75 5.6. sUtrakRtAMga zIlAMkavRtti patrAMka 37-40 57. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra--1.3.64 69 58. vahI pR. 67 59. (1.) na kartRtvaM na karmANi lokaraya rAjati prH| na karmaphalasaMyoga svabhAvastu pravartate / / gaunA / 5.14 (2) gItA zAM.bhA. 5.14 60. satrATAMgasatra-1.3.70.71

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sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita dArzanika vicAra. .. 131 61 iha saMvuDe muNI jAye pacchA hoti apAvaye! viyarDa va jahA bhujjo nIrayaM sarayaM thaa||-suutrkRnaaNgsuutr 1.3.71 62. sa mokSa prApto'pi bhUtvA kolAvaNappaToseNa rajasa' avtaarte| sUyagaDaM cUrNi mU.pA. TippaNa pR. 12 / 63.(1) yadA yada hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhaart| abhyutthAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyaham ||--giitaa 4.17 (2) vahI 4.8 64. bhagvadgItA 8.15-16 65 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1.3.72-75 66. sUtrakRtAMga 1.2.57-55 67. sUtrakRtAra amarasukhabodhinI vyAkhyA, pR. 192-96 68..sUtrakRtAMga 1.4.8.0-8.3 69. vahI pR. 92 70.AcArAMga 1 zru.9 a.1 gAdhA 54 (mUlaanuvAda vivecana TippaNa yukta) sa. madhukara muni, anu. zrIcanda surANA 'sarasa', Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara 71. sUtrakRtAMga-1.3.60-63 72. udagassa'pyabhAveNaM sukkami ghAtamiti u| DhaMkehi va kaMkehi ya Amisatthehi te duhii| vahI, 1.3.62 73.vahI-1.4.76-79 74.sUtrakRtAra sUtra-1.4.84-85 urAla jagao joyaM viparIyasaM paleti y| savve akkatadukkha ya ato sabve ahisiyaa|| etaM khu gANaNo sAraM jana hiMsati kiNcnn| ahiMsA samayaM ceva etAvaMta vidyaanniyaa|| 75. sUtrakRtAMga 120.86-88 76. tattvArthasUtra 9.3 . pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI.TI.AI. ror3a karauMdI, vArANasI- 221005 (u.pra.)