Some Notes On The Sarva Darsana Samgraha

Author(s): Hajime Nakamura
Publisher: Hajime Nakamura
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/269219/1

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SOME NOTES ON THE SARVADARSANASAMGRAHA By Hajime Nakamura, Tokyo The Sarvadarsana-samgraha by Madhava has been regarded for many years as a good and authoritative introductory work to the different systems of Indian philosophy, although it comprizes many difficult and abstruse passages. It consists of sixteen chapters, which deal with different philosophical systems respectively, culminating with the Advaita philosophy in the last sixteenth chapter. All the chapters of the work except the last (i. e. I-XVth chapters) were first translated into English by COWELL and GOUGH. (Madhava Acarya: The Sarvadarsanasamgraha or Review of the Different Systems of Hindu Philosophy. Translated by E. B. COWELL and A. E. GOUGH. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., Ltd., 1894. 2nd ed. 1904. Trubner's Oriental Series.) PAUL DEUSSEN translated chapters I-IX into German in his Allgemeine Geschichte der Philosophie, 1, 3 (Leipzig: 1908), S. 190--344. However, both excellent translations were not completely successful in tracing the citations in this work to their sources. The learned editior of the Poona edition (edited with an original commentary in Sanskrit by VASUDEV SHASTRI ABHYANKAR, Poona, The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 1924. Government Oriental (Hindu) Series, 1) made a great deal of efforts in identifying the sources with much success, but there have been still left many citations to be identified and many difficult passages to be elucidated. Since then single chapters of the work have been studied or translated separately by individual scholars in different countries. In this connection, may I take liberty of mentioning the fact that most of the chapters were studied or translated by Japanese scholars as are mentioned in the following. This will also evidence the heart-felt admiration on the part of Japanese scholars directed to the great master of Indology in Austria whom we are going to honor and who has given so much of his erudite scholarship not only to those in the West but also to those who live in the easternmost islands of the East. Chapter I (Carvaka-darsana) Translated into German, ZDMG. 14, 1860, S. 517-526. Translated into Japanese by SHOSHIN TATSUYAMA, Shukyo Kenkyu, New Series, (Tokyo, Nihon Shukyo Gakukai), vol. 11, No. 3, 1934, pp. 67-86. 16 Festschrift - Frauwallner

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242 HAJIME NAKAMURA Chapter II (Bauddha-darsana) Translated into French by LOUIS DE LA VALLEE POUSSIN, Le Museon, NS. 2, 1901, pp. 52-75; 171-207; NS. 3, 1902, pp. 40-54; 391-401. Translated into Japanese by UNRAI WOGIHARA (Wogihara Unrai Bunshu, Tokyo, Taisho University, 1938, pp. 31-49.) POUSSIN's footnotes are detailed and elaborate to our admiration. But due to the recent development of Buddhist studies, we have to add a few words. 11. 4-5. This verse is Pramanavarttika I, v. 32. Cited in the Prakaranapancika, p. 65 (Chowkhamba edition). 11. 117-120. These verses are from Jnanasrimitranibandhavali, I, Ksanabhangadhyayah, p. 1, 8-11 (edited by A. THAKUR, Patna, K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute, 1959). 11. 135-140. These verses are Pramanavarttika (= PV) I, 154; 155; 156ab; 153 cd; 154ab (ed. by RAHULA SANKRTYAYANA, p. 13). Cf. H. N. RANDLE: Fragments from Dinnaga (London, The Royal Asiatic Society, 1926), p.p.56-60. This argumentation refuting the concept of the universal maintained by the Vaisesika philosophy exactly corresponds to the refutation by Parmenides of the theory of ideas held by Plato. Cf. his dialogue: Parmenides. HAJIME NAKAMURA, Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu, VII, No. 2, pp. 300-313. H. NAKAMURA in SHOSON MIYAMOTO, (ed.): Bukkyo no Konpon Shinri, p. 326 ff. 11. 165-166. This verse is found in the Lankavatara-sutra (ed. by B. NANJIO), p. 116, 9-10; p. 287. 11. 167-168. Cited in the Prakarana pancika (ed. Chowkhamba edition), p. 62. 11. 192-193. This verse is Vimsatika, v. 12 by Vasubandhu. Taisho Tripitaka, vol. 31, p. 64 a; p. 67 b; p. 72 a; p. 75 c. 11. 196-197. This verse is PV III, 327. 11. 204-205. Cited in Tattvavaisaradi, IV, 14. 11. 206-207. This verse is PV III, 354 (p. 82). Cited in Prakaranapancika, p. 141 and Tattvavaisaradi, IV, 23. 11. 213-216. These lines are from PV III, 330 cd; 331; 332 ab. 11. 230-231. This verse is PV III, 212. 11. 245-246. This verse is PV III, 247 (p. 73). 11. 249-250. This verse is PV III, 305 ab; 306 ab. 11. 349-350. These lines are from PV III, 305 and 306 (p. 78). 11. 334-335. Cf. PV III, 123 (p. 63).

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Some notes on the Sarvadarsanasamgraha 243 Chapter III (Arbata-darsana) Quotations in this chapter were traced to the original sources by HAJIME NAKAMURA in Kuiper Commemoration Volume, 1967, (in English). I hope the readers will refer to it. Chapter IV (Ramanuja-darsana) Translated into Japanese by TESSAN IBARA, Bukkyo Kenkyu, vol. 4, No. 4, Sept. 1940, pp. 67-102. Chapter V (Purnaprajna-darsana) Translated into Japanese by HAJIME NAKAMURA, Sanko Bunka Kenkyujo Nenpo (Annual of the Sanko Research Institute for the studies of Buddhism, Tokyo), No. 1, 1966, pp. 91-116. In the following I shall give a few remarks: 1. 25. 1. 1. jivanutva. Cf. H. v. GLASENAPP: Madhva's Philosophie des Vishnu-Glaubens, S. 54. 1. 3. parasparaviruddhabhedadipaksatraya. Cf. SDS. IV, 1. 191. 11. 9-10. Cf. Tattvasamkhyana 1: svatantram asvatantram ca dvividham tattvam isyate svatantro bhagavan visnur bhavabhavau dvividhetarat | vastusvarupabhedavadin. Madhva admits three kinds of nonentity, i. e. prag-abhava, pradhvamsa-abhava and atyantabhava, but does not admit anyonya-abhava, which is essential to bhava (ens). Cf. Festschrift Kuhn, S. 328: anyonyabhavo hi bheda eva, sa ca svarupam eva. Tika ad Tattvasamkhyana, 2. 1. 53. bhedabhedinau bhinnav iti vyavaharadarsanat. Cf. Madhyama kasastra, XIV, 5 and 6. S. SCHAYER: Ausgewahlte Kapitel aus der Prasannapada, Anm. 35. 1. 104. satyam enam ... Rg-Veda, IV, 17, 5. 1. 105. satyah so ... Rg-Veda, VIII, 3, 4. 1. 106. satya atma ... This line is cited in Madhvabhasya ad BS. I, 2, 12 as front Paingi-sruti. 11. 117-118. This verse of the Mandukya-Karikas was interpreted by Madhav in various ways. (GLASENAPP: op. cit. S. 25.) 11. 123-124. This verse is cited in Madhvabhasya ad I, 4, 25. It was cited from a smrti according to the subcommentary Tattvaprakasika. 1. 126. The letter a represents Hari. In Vajrayana Buddhism we find a similar idea that the letter a represents the ultimate one. 11. 136-142. These lines are found in Brahmasutra-anuvyakhyana. Cf. GLASENAPP: op. cit. S. 15, Anm. 11. 245--251. Cited in Madhvabhasya ad I, 1, 1. 16

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244 HAME NAKAMURA 1. 257. avrti = ajnana (Tattvaprakasika I, 1, 2). 1. 258. ekaraj = svatantra (Tattvaprakasika I, 1, 2). 11. 264-267. These lines are cited in Madhvabhasya I, 1, 3. 1. 266. pramanantara = pratyaksa (according to Tattvaprakasika). 11. 269-272. These lines are cited in Madhvabhasya ad I, 1, 3. Similar verses are cited in GLASENAPP's Madhva's Philosophie, S. 7, Anm. 7. 11. 282-283. Cf. remarks on SDS. XVI, 1. 162. 11. 290. These three incarnations (avatara) are mentioned at the benedic tory verses of the Katha-Up. by Madhva. 11. 293-295. Similar lines are cited at the end of the BS. Bhasya by Madhva. 1. 300. Cf. atah sarvottamo visnur iti siddham. (Madhva's Bhasya ad Katha-Up. II, 3). Chapter VI (Nakulisa-Pasupata-darsana) Translated by SYLVAIN LEVI into French, Deux chapitres de Sarvadarsanasamgraha, Bibliotheque de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Sciences Religieuses, I, Paris, 1889, pp. 281 ff. This appears again in Memorial Levi, pp. 169-177. Translated into English by MINORU HARA, Indo-Iranian Journal, vol. II, No. 1, 1958, pp. 8-32. Chapter VII (Saiva-darsana) Translated by S. LEVI into French, op. cit. Chapter XI (Aksapada-darsana) Translated into Japanese by TORU YASUMOTO in Yuki Kyoju Kinen Bukkyo Shiso-shi Ronshu (Essays on the History of Buddhist Thought. Presented to Professor REIMON YUKI on his Retirement from the Institute of Oriental Culture, the University of Tokyo), Tokyo, Daizo Shuppansha, 1964, pp. 281306. Chapter XIII (Panini-darsana) The latter half of this chapter was translated into Japanese by HAJIME NAKAMURA in his Kotobano Keijijogaku (The metaphysics of language), Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten, 1956, pp. 390-404. In the following I shall mention sources of some citations. 11. 6-14. 11. 48-49. 11. 66 ff. 11. 84-85. 1. 92. Mahabhasya (NSS edition, vol. I) p. 10. Ibid. (p. 45). Ibid. (p. 50). Ibid. (p. 21). Ibid. (p. 67).

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Some notes on the Sarvadarsanasamgraha 245 11. 93-94. Ibid. (p. 65). 11. 99-100. Rg-Veda IV, 58, 3. Cited in Mahabhasya, p. 37. 11. 102 ff. Mahabhasya, vol. I, p. 37. 11. 115-116. Vakyapadiya (BenSS edition), I, 1. Cf. Mahabharata XII, 233, 24 (Quoted by Sankara in his Bhasya ad I, 3, 28). 11. 119-120. Vakyap. III, 1 (Jatisamuddesa), 1. 11. 140-146. Mahabhasya, vol. I, pp. 12; 16. 11. 156-157. Slokavarttika, Sphotavada, verse 91 (Chowkhamba ed. p. 533). 11. 165-166. Ibid., verse 69 (p. 527). 11. 167-168. Cf. SDS. XVI, 11. 568-569. 11. 189-190. Cf. Sankara ad I, 3, 28. (AnSS. vol. I, p. 301, 11.1 ff. as purva paksa). 11. 206--207. This verse is quoted in Helaraja's commentary on Vakyap. p. 117. 11. 209-210. Vakyap. III, 1 (Jatisamuddesa), 33. 11. 212-213. Ibid. III, 1, 34. 1. 221. Ibid. III, 8, 21. (p. 318). 11. 230-231. Vakyap. III. 2 (Dravyasamuddesa), 2. 11. 233-234. Ibid. III, 2, 3. 11. 252-253. Ibid. III, 3 (Sambandhasamuddesa), 85. 11. 255-256. Ibid. III, 3, 70. 11. 258-259. Ibid. III, 2, 15. 11. 262-263. Ibid. III, 2, 16. 1. 274. Maitri-Up. VI, 22. Chapter XIV (Samkhya-darsana) Translated into Japanese by TAIZEN MURAKAMI and KOKO KIMURA, Bukkyo Kenkyu, vol. 8, No. 1, July, 1944, pp. 64-73. Critical comments on this chapter by JUNKICHI IMANISHI, Kodaigaku, vol. XII, Nos. 2-3, 1965, pp. 91-108. Chapter XVI (Samkara-darsana) This last chapter has not yet been translated by anybody into Western languages. It has not yet been determined upanimously by scholars whether this chapter was actually written by Madhava himself. At the end of the XVth chapter (on Patanjala-darsana) some manuscripts have the sentence as follows: itah param sarvadarsana-siromanibhutam samkara-darsanam anyatra likhitam ity atropeksitam. (AnSS, p. 142, n.) Concerning anyatra in this sentence, COWELL says, "This probably refers to the Pancadasi. A Calcutta pandit told me that it referred to the Prameya-vivarana-samgraha." (p. 273, n.)

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246 HAJIME NAKAMURA As the XVIth chapter is closely and consistently linked up with the preceding chapters and the idioms and the style of this chapter are similar to those in the preceding chapters, there is a possibility of assuming that this chapter was written by Madhava afterwards as the additional and concluding one and on that occasion the above-cited sentence was eliminated to make the whole work consistent. Some critical comments on the XVIth chapter: 1. 1. 1.5. 11. 5-6. 1. 6. 1. 21. 1. 22. 1. 27. 1. 32 ff. 1. 33. 1. 37. 1. 80. 1. 85. 1. 91. Cf. SDS. IV, 1. 1. svarupasiddha. Cf. Tarkasamgraha, 46; Tarkabhasa, p. 34 (ed. by KULKARNI and published by the Oriental Book Agency, Poona), p. 34; Vidvanmanoranjani (ed. by G. JACOB), p. 96. A similar sentence is found in Bhamati, II, 2, I. (Ed. with Vedantakalpataru and Parimala, NSP, 1938, p. 491). adhyaksam. Cf. SDS. III, 1. 95. aja. Cf. BS. I, 4, 8. This sruti is cited by Sankara ad BS. I, 4, 10. vatsavivrddhyartham. Samkhyakarika, 57; SDS. XIV, 1. 117ff. The same argumentation is found under BS. II, 2, 6.. anadheyatisayata. Used by Sankara ad BS. II, 2, 6 (AnSS. vol. I, p. 70, 8). "That it (Brahman) is incapable of receiving any accretion" (THIBAUT); "eine keiner Steigerung fahige Uberschwenglichkeit" (DEUSSEN). dhatu = vastu. Cf. Sankara ad Gaudapadiya-karika, IV, 81. Cf. papapunyale palaksana (Prasthanabheda). pancavayava. Cf. SDS. XII, 1. 19ff. sarvajanina. Cf. SDS. XIII, 1. 129. idamaspada. Cf. SDS. p. 403, ABHYANKAR's commentary, 1. 5. na tad bhadram. Also found in SDS. I, 1. 105; XII, 1. 156; XVI, 1. 99. bhumikadhanavad. Cf. Samkhyakarika, 59. pratisamdhana = pratyabhijna (Sankara ad BS. II, 2, 31, according to Govindananda and Anandajnana). Cf. PW. 8. v. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 90. aham in the citation should be changed to ayam. satisayataya ca sadrksataya ca. Cf. SDS. XI, 1. 133; 1. 147 (pp. 249; 251). -sambheda. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 106. kasakusavalambana-kalpa. SDS. III, 1. 22; XIII, 1. 169; XVI, 1. 866. G. A. JACOB: Maxims: I, p. 13; addenda, p. 47. Naiskarmyasiddhi, I, 76; Tantravarttika, I, 3, 18 (p. 213); Anandajnana as BS. III, 3, 26 (citing Amarakosa, II, 4, 166). 1. 99. 1. 100. 1. 103. 1. 111. 1. 112. 1. 119. 1. 122. 1. 127.

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Some notes on the Sarvadarsanasamgraha 247 1. 134. 1. 136. 1. 137. 1. 162. 1. 164f. 1. 167. 1. 174. 1. 176. 1. 187. grava-plavana. Cf. SDS. XI, 1. 143. COWELL's translation, p. 170, n. Mahabharata, II, 66, 11 ab: majjanty alabuni silani plavante * muhyanti navo 'mbhasi sasvad eva. Mimansasutrabhasya (ad I, 1, 5. p. 41, 5-6, AnSS.): ambuni majjanty alabuni gravanah plavanta iti yatha. They are illustrations of absurdity (contrary to SDS. III, 11. 352 ff.). acarya in this context means Kumarila. Cf. SDS. XII, 1. 22. yajamanah prastara iti. Tait. Br. III, 3, 9, 2 and 3; Ait. Br. I, 3, 7. The verse: upakramopa... is mentioned as a citation from the Bshatsamhita in Madhvabhasya ad BS. I, l. 4 and SDS. V, 282ff. The verse is cited unidentified in the Vivaranaprameyasamgraha, p. 229; Brahmasutradipika of Sankarananda, p. 20; Vedantasara (ed. in BOHTLINGK's Chrestomathie, 199f.). Cf. Prasthanabheda. The sruti cited here is from Chand. Up. VI, 2, 1f. mana = pramana. Cf. SDS. XI, 1. 14; Comm. ad Haribhadra's Saddarsana-samuccaya, 57; Vedantasara 202. Cf. Bhamati, I, 1, 1 (op. cit. p. 11). ullekha. Cf. SDS. XV, 1. 247. 'idea' (COWELL). udayam asadayet. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 365. mama sariram iti ... Cf. SDS. I, 1. 54 (p. 6). Cf. JACOB: Maxims, I, p. 37; III, p. 145. dehatma pratyayo ... This verse is by Sundarapandya, a preSankara Vedantin, quoted in Sankara's Brahmasutrabhasya I, 1, 4. Cf. S. KUPPUSWAMI SASTRI, Problems of identity in the cultural history of ancient India, Journal of Oriental Research Madras, 1927, pp. 5-15; HAJIME NAKAMURA: Vedanta Tetsu gaku no Hatten, pp. 231-238. (Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1955). , avagahamana. Cf. avagahyamana, SDS. XIII, 1. 238; "be appre hended" (COWELL). avagahate, SDS. V, 1. 16. Madhava's abridged statement is slightly misleading. This is based on the Bhamati (op. cit. p. 14). ahamahamika. "The consciousness of 'I'". Cf. SDS. III, 1 51. aphalatvad. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 138. Cf. Sankara ad BS. I, 1, 1. Vedantasara, 148 ff. samgirante. Cf. SDS. XIV, 1. 54. yato vaco nivartante, Tait, Up. II. 4, 1. upa padana. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 85. 1. 189. 1. 191. 1. 198. 1. 203. 1. 211. 1. 233. 1. 241 ff. 1. 247. 1. 259. 1. 262.

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248 HAJIME NAKAMURA 1. 271. manoratha. This term derived from mano'rtha (Herzenssache) as was pointed out by H. JACOBI. (Cf. WACKERNAGEL's Altindische Grammatik, I, SS 52). But in ancient Indian literature the word was often used with the connotation of 'Herzenswagen' or "Gemutswagen'. (UNRAI WOGIHARA: Lexikalisches aus der Bodhisattvabhumi, S. 36. 11. 286-287. This verse is Slokavarttika, sabdapariccheda, 4 (p. 406), and is cited in Bhamati ad I, 1, 4 (op. cit. p. 109). 1. 293. pratividhiyate. Cf. SDS. III, 1. 96. 1. 322. pradesa. "parts". Sankara ad BS. II, 2, 12. Yasomitra's Abhi dharmakosavyakhya, p. 25, 1. 27 (ed. by U. WOGIHARA). The Nyayanirnaya takes the word for avayava. 1. 325. anirvacaniya. Cf. JACOB, The Vedantasara, Notes, p. 146. Vedantasara 6. 1. 340. The simile of suktika. Cf. Sankara's BS. Bhasya I, 1, 1 (vol. I, p. 10, 2); I, 1, 4 (ibid. p. 84, 1. 10). 1. 342. Cf. Vakyasudha 1. 1. 347. Cf. nacayam asti niyamah purovasthita eva visaye visayantaram adhyastavyam iti. (Sankara ad BS. I, 1, 1., p. 11, 1.) . 1. 351. aslistam. Used by Sankara (ad BS. I, 3, 8. vol. I, p. 248, 1). "widersinnig" (DEUSSEN), "a strange proceeding" (THIBAUT). Cf. na slisyate, SDS. XI, 1. 136. 1. 352. Cf. yasyam samvidi, SDS. XVI, 1. 355. 1. 354. Nyayavithi. This is a corrupted form of Nayavithi, which is the title of the 4th prakarana (Chowkhamba SS.) or the 3rd prakarana (Banaras Hindu University edition, 1961) of the Prakaranapancika. The citation here is fairly different from the original. 1. 365. udayam asadayet. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 187. 1. 454. kalpanalaghava. Cf. ... iti kalpanalaghavam (Sankara ad BS. I, 3, 28. vol. I, p. 302), "simpler to assume" (THIBAUT). A kind of tarka (SDS. XI, 1. 42). The Tarkabhasa (Bombay SS. p. 160) interprets it as samarthalpakalpana. 1. 463. bhavavyatirekenabhavasya durgrahanatvat. Cf. SDS. IV, 1. 57. 1. 464. mahabhanika-paksa. Is it not a corruption of mahayanika-paksa ? Here the opponent refers it to a teaching somewhat similar to the Buddhist Mahayana theory refuted by Sabarasvamin (ad I, 1, 5). Cf. HAKUJU UI: Indo Tetsugaku Kenkyu, vol. I, p. 156ff. 1. 468. amstakala. This is the title of the 6th (Chowkhamba SS. edition) or the 5th (Banaras Hindu University edition) prakarana of the Prakaranapancika.

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Some notes on the Sarvadarsanasamgraha 249 1. 476. Pramana parayana. This is the title of the 5th (Chowkhamba SS. edition) or 6th (Banaras Hindu University edition) prakarana of the Prakarana-pancika. 1. 478. varta. "improper, not right" (contrary to the meaning mentioned in dictionaries). Cf. SDS. IX, 11. 70; 71; XV, 11. 152; 258. ABHYAN KAR interprets it as phalgu, tuccha. 1. 496. na..., yena... emahi. Cf. Sankara ad BS. II, 1, 12. (vol. I, p. 452, 8. This idiomatic phrase probably means that "... not ...; if so, we should ...". 1. 508. atah paritesat. Cf. Sankara ad BS. I, 3, 5. 1. 512. gaurava. "Being applied too widely". Cf. SDS. II, 1. 124. "Zu grosse Kompliziertheit" (DEUSSEN). 1. 514. abhisamdhi. Cf. SDS. IV, 1. 108. This term is often used in Mahayana Buddhism. 1. 530. prathamah paksah. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 510. 1. 532. Cf. vyaptivieista-paksadharmata-jnanam paramarsah. (Tarka samgraha, 40). vyapti in this context: "Die Durchdringung durch den Terminus major" (DEUSSEN). SDS. I, 1. 70: . 1. 531. tatastha. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 911. 1. 534. Sabarasvamin's phrase: p. 8, 8 (ed. Chowkhamba SS). 11. 537-538. This verse is Slokavarttika, Anumanapariccheda, 24 cd and 25 ab. (pp. 353-354). This verse has been cited with a great deal of change. 1. 540. yaksanurupo balir iti. Cf. Sankara's Chand. Up. Bhasya, p. 339, 10 (AnSS.). "Offerings correspond to the deities worshipped." (?) 1. 547.. yad uktam ... This refers to SDS. XVI, 1. 353. 1. 554. yaccoktam... This refers to SDS. XVI, 1. 368. 1. 566. tad ukam bhasye... Cf. Mahabhasya VI, 1, 9; Sabarabhasya ad VIII, 3, 14. yas cobhayor iti nyayena, Anandajnana ad Sankara's BS. Bhasya II, 1, 29 (vol. I, p. 498). SDS. XIII, 1. 167. 11. 568-569. This verse is cited in the Tarkabhasa, p. 16 (ed. KULKARNI). 1. 570. mamakasyanumanasya. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 488. 1. 575. yaccoktami.. This refers to SDS. XVI, 1. 380. 1. 578. samanayogaksematva. tulyatva. SDS. IV, 1. 68; XII, 1. 146. Cf. tulyayogaksematva, Samkhyapravacanabhasya, I, 43. 1. 528. tadutpatti... tadatmya... These terms were inherited from Buddhist logicians. 1. 602. balavadbadhakopanipata. SDS. XII, 1. 180. 1. 614. bhavarupajnana. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 693. 1. 615. nanu... This refers to XVI, 1. 609. 1. 622. pramanapaddhatim adhyaste. Cf. SDS. XI, 1. 141. 1. 624. apasiddhanta. Cf. Nyayasutra V, 2, 23. SDS. XVI, 1. 643.

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250 HAJIME NAKAMURA 1. 654. pancapadikayam... This refers to p. 9, 15 (Vizss). 1. 659. pancapadikavivarane... This refers to vol. I, p. 204 (Calcutta Sanskrit Series). Cf. Sankara ad BS. p. 8, 1ff. (ANSS, vol. I). 1. 660. Three kinds of sattva. Cf. the theory of trisvabhava of the Yoga caras. 1. 666. rupyader... Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 661. 1. 671. Cf. Pancapadika, p. 31, 1. 1. 11. 676-678. dvicandra etc. Cf. the beginning of the Vimsatika by Vasubandhu, and the Lankavatarasutra etc. 1. 688. smrti. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 772. 1. 689. viksepa. Cf. Vedantasara, 66. 1. 692 anuvidhayin. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 628.; II;"1. 77. 1. 693. Cf. ajnana, Vidvanmanoranjani, p. 86ff. 1. 695. anupalabdhivadin = sasthapramanapaksa, Vidvanmanoranjani (Vedantasara, ed. JACOB, p. 88). Cf. SDS. IV, 1. 60. This refers to the school of Kumarila and the later Advaitins. 1.705. Cf. pratyaksabhavavadin (SDS. IV, 1. 61); "any one who maintains non-entity to be perceptible" (COWELL). This refers to the Naiyayikas etc. 1. 733. na tattvantaram. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 467. . 1. 759. dharavahikajnana. Cf. Tarkabhasa, p. 4, 16. 11. 772-773. This verse is mentioned by JACOB (The Vedantasara, Notes, p. 168). Cf. ABHYANKAR's commentary on SDS. XVI, p. 448. 1. 794. avidyaka. "caused by Nescience". Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 226. 1. 801. vacoyukti. Cf. SDS. IX, 1. 10; XII, 1. 157. vacoyuktyantarena: "in other words" (THIBAUT); "andere Wendung der Ausdrucke" (DEUSSEN). 11. 806 ff. These lines of explanation on scriptural passages are very rational. 11. 820-821. This verse is cited in Bhamati, II, 1, 11. The assertion of the same purport was made by Sankara also (ad II, 1, 11). 1. 829. katha. Cf. SDS. XI, 1. 48-49. 1. 831. This is a citation from Slokavarttika, Codanasutra, 61, p. 64. 1. 863 na slisyate. Cf. SDS. XI, 1. 136. ... iti slisyate, Sankara ad BS. I, 3, 33 (vol. I, p. 322, 10). 1. 866. kasakusavalambanakalpa. Cf. comment on 1. 127. 1. 869. natu vyasanitaya. Cf. sutre hi param pravartayitum sutradau prayojanam abhidhiyate na vyasanitaya. (Abhisamayalankaralo ka, ed. by U. WOGIHARA, P. 2, 14.) 1. 876. This is a citation from the Adhyatmapatala 2 (Apastambasmrti, I, 22, 2.)

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Some notes on the Sarvadarsanasamgraha 251 1. 878. samudacara. It is likely that the Buddhist use of the word was adopted here. Cf. Sthiramati's commentary on the Trimsika by Vasubandhu, p. 42, 22 etc. 1. 881. The simile of vesya and mother is mentioned in Samkhyasutra IV. Cf. Sankara ad Bshad. Up. II, 1, 20 (pp. 297--8, AnSS); Suresvara's Bihad. Up. Varttika II, 1, verses 506ff.; p. 970ff.; Bihad. Up. Sambandhavarttika, v. 233, p. 71. The simile of a wealthy merchant and his depraved son in the Saddharma pundarika-sutra also conveys the same purport. 1. 889. The simile of the king for this purpose is mentioned in Bihad. Up. Varttika, 970f. 11. 901-902. This verse implies anubandhacatustaya, which was formalized in later philosophical works such as the Vedantasara. This form had been resorted to in Buddhist treatises such as the Prasannapada, the Abhisamayalankaraloka, the Nyayamukha, the Vijnaptimatratasiddhi-ratnagati-sastra (Taisho, No. 1591) etc. 1. 904. tatastha. Cf. SDS. XVI, 1. 531. . 11. 910-911. A similar stanza is found in Brhad. Up. Varttika, p. 987: jagajjanisthitidhvamsa yasmat sidhyanti tatparam! brahmeti prakpratijnaya yathavad upadarsitam || 1. 909. vivarame. Calcutta Sanskrit Series edition, p. 869. 1. 917. pratipattividhi. Used by Sankara (ad BS. I, 1, 4). "Die Ver ehrung und Vorschriften" (DEUSSEN); "injunctions" (THIBAUT). Madhava, the author of the Sarvadarsana-sangraha, is called at the beginning of his work as follows: "Having thoroughly searched the texts of former teachers, very hard to be crossed, the fortunate Sayana-Madhava the lord has expounded them for the delight of the good. Who does not find delight in a garland strung of various flowers ?" I hope this garland will be offered to the master in Vienna on the happy occasion of his jubilee.