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Some folk-etymologies in the Anuyogadvāra-sūtra*
- H. C. Bhayani 1. Among the ten types of nouns described in the Anuyogadvāra-sutra*, two are called गोण्ण and नोगोण्ण. गोण्ण is quif29991 appropriate to the meaning and indoo is 'contrary to the meaning.' The illustrations of the former type are: G44 (=648fat), 2441 (=waitfa), Hmon (=emailfa), Taunt (=yedfa). The illustrations of the latter type are : a 'bird', which s अकुंत 'not having a lance'. समुग्ग 'box' (Sk. समुद्ग), which is without the मुग्ग (Sk. मुद्ग) grain'. समुद्द 'sea' (Sk. समुद्र) which is without yg 'seal' (Sk. 481). Yn 'dry grass' (divided as 4-rt, Sk. #-M61 'having abundant saliva'), which is stellen 'not having saliva'. Hifcren "kite' (divided as 4-31674, Sk. Hf441 having a family'), which is he fet having no family'. पलास 'the पलाश tree' (Sk. पलाश, understood as पल+अश 'eating meat'), which is 37461H ‘not eating meat'. $na a rainy insect' (Sk. 9), which is not a 'protector of Indra'.
2. Another type is that which is designated by a word having a contrary meaning. The illustrations are : ftat 'vixen' (meaning also 'auspicious'), although it is 37 ta 'inauspicious'. अग्नि 'fire' is called शीतल 'cold'. विष 'poison' is called मधुर 'sweet'. In the house of liquor-distiller liquor is called Farg 'sweet' eventhough it is 3757 'acidic'. 3761714 (but understood a 372719 i. e. Sk. 34th of 'not red'), eventhough it is Taha 'red'. 37613 'gourd' (Sk. 3911, understood as 31-971 'not a container') eventhough it is atz'container'. For 19 Indian Maddar' (divided as 5-14 that which appears unbeauteous) is used eventhough it is beautiful.
3. One type of names are given according to their etymology. * Branean by Muni Punyavijaya & Pt. Dalsukh Malvania,
Published in the Jaina-Agama-Series No.1
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अनुसंधान - १७•44
The illustrations are: f 'buffalow' is so called because he sleeps on the ground (मह्यां शेते) भ्रमर honey-bee' is so called because it wanders and drones (भ्रमति रौति च) मुसल 'pestle' is so called becuase it rises up frequently (ggelufa). of the wood-apple fruit' is so called because it hangs like a monkey (कपि+स्थ) चिक्खल्ल 'liquid mud' is so called because it makes sound like fa and it is low in the middle ( खल्ल). उलूक 'owl' is so called because its ears are high (उर्ध्व कर्ण ). मेखला ' girdle' is so called because it is a row of मेख (?).
4. Even if Arya Rakṣita may not be author of the Anuyogadvära, there is no doubt about the fact that its author was highly learned and well-versed in Sanskrit. Hence we are intrigued with the structural division or etymologies of the words like सकुंत, समुग्ग, समुद्द, पलाल, सउलिया, पलास, इंदगोव that he has given just like a common man, who being ignorant of grammar or etymology gives a fanciful etymology to match the meaning-what is known as 'folk etymology'. In every language such fanciful etymologies are current. For example in Modern Gujarati 'mother's sister' is explained by some as - 'like the mother'. Actually it is derived as Sk. मातुःस्वसृका, Pk माउंस्सिया, Old Guj माउसी माशी. भत्रीजो 'nephew' is explained as the third danger', while actually it is derived as Sk. भ्रात्रीयः, PK भत्रिज्जओ, and then through भत्रीजड, भत्रीजो. टपाली postman' is facetiously explained 2 टप दईने आली जाय ते 'He who delivers speedily', when etymologically it is connected with halts at intervals in the path'. In Hindi the following doggerel is well-known---- रंगी को नारंगी कहे, चलती को कहे गाडी । गंदे को साफी कहे, ऐसे लोक अनाड़ी ||
(Variants खारे को मीठा कहे; वाढी को कहे पाली पाली को वाढी कहे ). In this नारंगी 'orange' is divided as नारंगी 'not coloured ' when in fact it is coloured. s is 'cart, car' taken as a homonym for 'buried'. The piece of cloth used to cover
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3GHT-919.45
the end of 45 of a hookah is dirty, but it is called 1947 meaning also 'clean'. ari 'salty' is called to 'sweet'. ar "knife' is also called us which also means that which has increased'.
5. In the non-standard Sanskrit of Jain Prabandha works many fanciful etymologies are advanced. Pk. Yf631 'shoe derived form Sk. 341-1641 is re-Sanskritised as wifea 'beneficial for the life ! Guj. 9 TH 'old man' is Sanskritised as is
: 'he whose hands dangle'. DET (CEC a meter of that name' is Sanskritised as g76721207 'a pot of milk' (probably based on the wrong alternative name 779, which is a different
metre). अलत्तय, अलाउ, कुसुंभ as etymologized in the Anuyogadvāra are in line with the above given back-formations.
6. We however know that the tradition of giving fanciful, artificial or imaginary etymologies goes back to Yaska's Farming (about fifth century B.C.), and it continues later in the explanations given in the literature on the gulfa and still later in the one-letter dictionaries (=t&rit pro 19). Among the illustrations cited above from the Anuyogadvāra the etymologies of the words Sk. arc (Pk.37673), 38 , F274, Pk. FEROM, Sk YURT, Pk You, Sk ART, OMI, Pk 417 (related Sk. words 77, 97, 11), Pk. fon (Sk. 1991,
Guj. समळी), Sk. समुद्ग are unknown. भ्रमर is connected with 49 'to wander' (with-372-derivative). He is based on Sk. महत् 'great' and समुद्र derives from सम्+उद्र (the same root as that of 36th 'water'). Ty is in the same class as the popular names given to some insects etc. (e.g. fungus is called in Guj. FRIISA to the hat of a cat'). In the case of the use of furat ('auspicious' for that which is really considered feral 'inauspicious*) and FIS 'sweet' (which is actually 31747 'acid'), the verbal taboo has prevailed, under the belief that if an unauspicious word is spoken the harmful thing may possibly materialize. The terrible Vedic god
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________________ 3157 -869 * 46 came to be called शिव, शंभु, शंकर 'the benign one', to appease him. In Gujarati under the superstition that when somebody goes out to carry out a task, if any one enquires Pi 1737) 331 ? Where are you going ?', then the use of the word i would invite failure in the undertaking. So instead the word + is used (vitc G131 501 ?), because that word is derived from Sk. fias, implying the undertaking will be successful.