Smruti Pramanya

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Z_Darshan_aur_Chintan_Part_1_2_002661.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229030/1

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smRti prAmANya smRtiko pramA- pramANa mAnaneke bAremeM mukhya do paramparAe~ haiM-jaina aura jainetara / jaina paramparA use pramANa mAnakara parokSake bheda rUpase isakA varNana karatI hai| jainetara paramparAvAle vaidika, bauddha, sabhI darzana use pramANa nahIM mAnate zrataeva ve kisI pramANarUpase usakI carcA nahIM karate / smRtiko pramANa na mAnanevAle bhI use zrapramANa -- mithyAjJAna- nahIM kahate para ve pramANaH zabdase usakA kevala vyavahAra nahIM karate / smRtyAtmaka jJAnameM pramANa zabdakA prayoga karane na karanekA jo matabheda dekhA jAtA hai isakA bIja dharmazAstra ke itihAsa meM hai / vaidika paramparA meM dharmazAstra rUpase veda arthAt zrutikA hI mukhya prAmANya mAnA jAtA hai / manvAdismRtirUpa dharmazAstra pramANa haiM sahI para unakA prAmANya zrutimUlaka haiN| jo smRti zrutimUlaka hai yA zrutise viruddha hai vahI pramANa hai arthAt smRtikA prAmANya zrutiprAmANyatantra hai svatantra nahIM ' / dharmazAstra ke prAmANya kI isa vyavasthAkA vicAra bahuta purAne samaya se mImAMsAdarzana ne kiyA hai / jAna par3atA hai jaba smRtirUpa dharmazAstrako chor3akara bhI smRtirUpa jJAnamAtra ke viSaya meM prAmANyaviSayaka prazna mImAMsakoM ke sAmane AyA taba bhI unhoMne apanA dharmazAstraviSayaka usa siddhAnta kA upayoga karake eka sAdhAraNa hI niyama bA~dha diyA ki smRtijJAna svatantra pramANa nahIM hai, usakA prAmANya usake kAraNabhUta anubhava ke prAmANya para nirbhara hai ataeva vaha mukhya pramANarUpase ginI jAne yogya nahIM / sambhavataH vaidika dharmajIvI mImAMsA darzana ke isa dharmazAstrIya yA tattvajJAnIya nirNayakA prabhAva sabhI nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga zrAdi itara vaidika darzanoM para par3A hai ! 1. 'pAratantryAt svato naiSAM pramANatvAvadhArayA / zraprAmANyavikalpastu draDhimnaiva vihanyate || pUrva vijJAnaviSayaM vijJAnaM smRtirucyate / pUrvajJAnAdvinA tasyAH prAmANyaM nAvadhAryate ||' - tantravA0 pR0 66 2. 'etaduktaM bhavati - sarve pramANAdayo'nadhigatamarthaM sAmAnyataH prakArato. vA'dhigamayanti, smRtiH punarna pUrvAnubhavamaryAdAmatikrAmati, tadviSayA tadUna viSayA vA, na tu tadadhikaviSayA, so'yaM vRtyantarAdvizeSaH smRteriti vimRzati / - tatva 0 0 1.11 /

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168 ataeva ve apane-apane mantavyakI puSTimeM cAhe yukti bhinna-bhinna batalAe~ phiraM bhI ve sabhI eka matase smRtirUpa jJAnameM pramANa zabdakA vyavahAra na karaneke hI pakSameM haiN| kumArila Adi mImAMsaka kahate haiM ki smRtijJAna anubhava dvArA jJAta viSayako hI upasthita karake kRtakRtya ho jAneke kAraNa kisI apUrva arthakA prakAzaka nahIM, vaha kevala gRhItagrAhi hai aura isIse vaha pramANa nahIM | prazastapAdake anugAmI zrIdharane bhI usI mImAMsakakI gRhItagrAhitvavAlI yuktikA avalambana karake smRtiko pramANabAhya mAnA hai (kandalI pR0 257) / para akSapAdake anugAmI jayantane dUsarI hI yukti batalAI hai| ve kahate haiM ki smRtijJAna viSayarUpa arthake sivAya hI utpanna honeke kAraNa anarthaja honese pramANa nahIM | jayantakI isa yuktikA nirAsa zrIdharane kiyA hai| akSapAdake ho anugAmI vAcaspati mizrane tIsarI yukti dI hai| ve kahate haiM ki lokavyavahAra smRtiko pramANa mAnaneke pakSamai nahIM hai ataeva use pramA kahanA yogya nahIM / ve pramAkI vyAkhyA karate samaya smRtibhinna jJAnako lekara hI vicAra karate haiM (tAtparya pR0 20) / udayanAcAryane bhI smRtiko pramANa na mAnanevAle sabhI pUrvavartI tArkikoMkI yuktiyoMkA nirAsa karake antameM vAcaspati mizrake tAtparyakA anusaraNa karate hue yahI kahA hai ki anapekSa honeke kAraNa anubhava hI pramANa koTimaiM ginA jAnA cAhie, smRti nahIM; kyoMki vaha anubhavasApekSa hai aura aisA mAnanekA kAraNa lokavyavahAra hI hai / 1. 'tatra yat pUrvavijJAnaM tasya prAmANyamipyate / tadupasthAnamAtreNa smRteH sthAccaritArthatA ||'-shlokvaa. anu0 zlo0 160 / prakaraNapa0 pR0 42 ! 2. 'na smRterapramANatvaM gRhotagrAhitAkRtam / api tvanarthajanyatvaM tada. prAmANyakAraNam ||'-nyaaym0 pR0 23 / 3. 'ye tvanajatvAt smRteraprAmANyamAhuH teSAmatItAnagataviSayasyAnumAna sthAprAmANyaM syAditi dUSaNam ||'-kndlii0 pR0 257 / . 4. 'kathaM tarhi smRtervyavacchedaH1 ananubhavatvenaiva / yathArtho hyanubhavaH prameti prAmANikAH pazyanti / 'tattvajJAnAd' iti sUtraNAt / avyabhicAri jJAnamiti ca / nanu smRtiH pramaiva kiM na syAd yathArthajJAnatvAt pratyakSAdyanubhUtivaditi cet / na | siddhe vyavahAre nimittAnusaraNAt / na ca svecchAkalpitena nimittena lokavyavahAraniyamanam , avyavasthayA lokavyavahAraviplavaprasaGgAt / na ca smRtiheto pramANAbhiyuktAnAM mahaSINAMpramANavyavahAro'sti, pRthaganupadezAt |-nyaayku. 4.1

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bauddhadarzana smRtiko pramANa nahIM mAnatA / usakI yukti bhI mImAMsaka yA vaizeSika jaisI hI hai arthAt smRti gRhItagrAhiNI honese hI pramANa nahIM (tatvasaM0 10 kA0 126) / phira bhI isa mantavyake bAremeM jaise nyAya vaizeSika Adi darzanoM para mImAMsA dharmazAstra kA prabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai vaise bauddha-darzana para kahA nahIM jA sakatA kyoMki vaha vedakA hI prAmANya nahIM mAnatA / vikalpajJAnamAtra'ko pramANa na mAnane ke kAraNa bauddha darzanamai smRtikA prAmANya prasakta hI nahIM hai / ___jaina tArkika smRtiko pramANa na mAnanevAle bhinna-bhinna uparyukta darzanoMkI gRhItagrAhitva, anarthajatva, lokavyavahArAbhAva Adi sabhI yuktiyoMkA nirAsa karake kevala yahI kahate haiM, ki jaise saMvAdI hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa Adi pramANa kahe jAte haiM vaise hI smRtiko bhI saMvAdI hone hI se pramANa kahanA yukta hai| isa jaina mantavya meM koI matabheda nhiiN| zrAcArya hemacandrane bhI smRtiprAmANyakI pUrva jaina paramparAkA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai---pra0 mI0 pR0 23 / smRtijJAnakA avisaMvAditva sabhIko mAnya hai / vastusthitimeM bhatabheda na hone para bhI matabheda kevala pramA zabdase smRtijJAnakA vyavahAra karane na karane meM hai| I0 1636] [pramANa mImAMsA 1. 'gRhItagrahaNAnneSTa sAMvRtta...."-(sAMvRtam-vikalpajJAnam-manoratha0) pramANavA0 2.5 / 2. 'tathAhi--amuSyA'prAmANyaM kuto'yamAviSkurvIta, kiM gRhItArthagrAhitvAt , paricchittivizeSAbhAvAt , asatyatItethe pravartamAnatvAt , arthAdanutpadyamAnatvAt , visaMvAdakatvAt , samAropAvyavacchedakatvAt , prayojanAprasAdhakasvAt vA |"--syaadvaadr0 3. 4 /