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________________ ++++++++ ++ ++ + + + + + ++ ++ ++ +++ ++++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++++++++ ++++++ +++ + + + ++ ++++ ++. +++ ++ ++ ++ + ++++ ++++++++++ zramaNa-saMskRti kA udAtta dRSTikoNa -pro0 zrIraMjana sUrideva mAnava-samAja meM jaba vaicArika hrAsa A jAtA hai, taba usameM saMkIrNatA kA praveza hotA hai aura usakI cintanadhArA kA udAtta dRSTikoNa saMzaya ke dhuMdhalake meM digbhrAnta ho jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM vizeSa rUpa se jAti aura dharma hI saMkIrNatA ke praveza-dvAra huA karate haiN| jAti aura dharma ke prati durAgraha yA haThAgraha hI vaicArika saMkIrNatA ko janma detA hai| isa sandarbha meM zramaNa-saMskRti kA dRSTikoNa isalie udAtta hai ki vaha vaicArika saMkIrNatA kA sarvathA pratyAkhyAna karatI hai| zramaNa-saMskRti aura vaidikasaMskRti ke bIca, aitihAsika dRSTikoNa se koI spaSTa vibhAjaka rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sktii| ye donoM saMskRtiyA~ cakragati ke anukrama se samaya-samaya apanI sattA sthApita karatI rahI haiN| jisa saMskRti meM jitanI adhika vaicArika udAratA rahegI, usakI sattA apanI hI avicala aura lokAdRta hogii| adhunA zramaNa-saMskRti ke prati atyadhika lokAgraha kA kAraNa usakI vaicArika udAratA hI hai| koI bhI saMskRti mAnava-jijIviSA kI pUrti ke sAdhanoM kI prApti ke upAyoM kA samartha nirdeza tabhI kara sakatI hai, jaba ki vaha vaicArika dRSTi se apane ko kabhI anudAra nahIM hone detii| isIlie janakalyANa ke nimitta vaicArika udAratA kI zarta Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya mAnI gaI hai| lokamArga kA netRtva vahI kara sakatA hai, jo vicAra se udAra hotA hai aura AcAra kI dRSTi se 'aatmnepdii'| AcAra kI dRSTi se jo kevala 'parasmaipadI' hotA hai, usakA vicAra yA AcAra kabhI lokagrAhya nahIM hotaa| isIlie, sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti meM Atmacintama kI sarvopari mahattva diyA gayA hai| udAravAdI dRSTi se yaha spaSTa hai ki Atmacintana kA sambandha AtmasaMyama yA AtmaniyantraNa yA Atmadamana se jur3A huA hai / zramaNa tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne Atmadamana ko bar3A kaThina batAyA hai / unhoMne kahA hai : appA ceva dameyavvo appA hu khalu buddamo / appA vanto suhI hoi assiM loe parattha y|| -uttarA0 115 nizcaya hI, durdama AtmA kA damana karane vAlA vyakti hI isa loka aura paraloka meM sukhI hotA hai| Atmadamana, AtmapIr3ana kA paryAya hai / AtmA ke anukUla vedanIyatA sukha hai aura pratikUla vedanIyatA duHkha / tIrthakara puruSa cUMki sarvabhUtahita ke AkAMkSI hote haiM, isalie ve pratikUla vedanIyatA para vijaya pAne ke nimitta Atmadamana yA AtmapIr3ana karate haiM / arthAt, paratrANa ke lie pratikUla ko anukUla banAkara Atmasukha anubhava karate haiM aura, sahI arthoM meM udAra vyakti vahI hotA hai, jo paraduHkha ke vinAza ke lie AtmaduHkha ke varaNa karane meM hI sukha kA anubhava karatA hai| isIlie, 'vasudevahiNDI' ke 'dhammillacarita' meM dharma kI paribhASA karate hue saMghadAsagaNivAcaka ne kahA hai : 'parassa anukkhakaraNaM dhmmotti'| isa prakAra, sampUrNa zramaNa-saMskRti paraduHkha ke vinAzamUlaka udAratA kI udAtta bhAvanA se otaprota hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke paMcayAma dharma meM zramaNa-saMskRti ke udAtta dRSTikoNa kA hI bhavyatama viniyoga huA hai| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha-ye pA~coM sAdhAraNa jana-jIvana ko udAtta dRSTikoNa se saMvalita karane
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________________ / 2 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana anya : saptama khaNDa ----- ----........................ .....+++++++++ ++++++++ vAle aise vicAra-bindu haiM, jinase samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI upalabdhi sambhava hotI hai aura mokSa kA mArga udghATita hotA hai| lokaSaNA yA lokahita zramaNa-saMskRti ke udAtta dRSTikoNa kA mahanIya pakSa hai| Adhunika lokadRSTi isalie anudAra ho gaI hai ki vaha hiMsA, asatya, cauryavRtti, kAma lipsA aura saMcayavRtti se AkrAnta hai| anudAratA hI saMkIrNa vicAra kI jananI hai| Aja ke vakrajar3a loga durvyAkhyA ke viSa se mUcchita haiN| Atmahita ke lie parahita kA pratyAkhyAna unakA dharma ho gayA hai / Asa-par3osa ke jalate hue gharoM ke bIca apane ghara ko surakSita samajhane kA pramAda hI unakA.AtmasaMskAra bana gayA hai / paraduHkha ke vinAza meM Atmasukha ko sahI na mAnakara ve Atmasukha ko paraduHkha kA kAraNa banAnA ucita samajhate haiN| zramaNa-saMskRti isI anudAra dRSTi ke nirmUlana ke prayAsa ke prati satat AsthAzIla hai| zramaNa-saMskRti ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta ke udAtta dRSTikoNa kI tripuTI para Adhuta hai| anekAnta kI udAra vicAradhArA zramaNa-saMskRti kA mahArgha avadAna hai| anekAnta yadi vaicArika udAtta dRSTikoNa kA pratIka hai, to ahiMsA aura aparigraha AcAragata udAratA kA paricAyaka / zramaNa-saMskRti kA ahiMsAvAda bhI sImita paridhi kI vastu nahIM hai| prANivadha jaisI dravyahiMsA se bhI adhika vyApaka bhAvahiMsA para zramaNa-saMskRti bala detI hai| usakA mantavya hai ki mUlataH bhAvahiMsA hI dravyahiMsA kA kAraNa hai| yadi bhAvahiMsA para niyantraNa ho jAya, to phira dravyahiMsA kA prazna hI nahIM utthe| Aja sAmAjika jIvana meM bhavahiMsA kI pradhAnatA se hI dravyahiMsA hotI hai aura yahI phira bhayaMkara yuddha aura bhISaNa raktapAta meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| jAti aura dharma kI bhAvanA meM saMkIrNatA Ane para hiMsA kA udaya svAbhAvika hai| isa sthiti meM puNya kI paribhASA paropakAra na hokara sAmAnya vaiyaktika pUjA-pATha meM hI niHzeSa ho jAtI hai| jAtyabhimAna hameM adha:patana kI ora le jAtA hai aura isase hama mAnavatA kA nirAdara kara baiThate haiN| isIlie, bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karmaNA jAti kI paribhASA prastuta karate huA kahA kammuNA bambhaNo hoi kammuNA hoi khttio| vaisso kammuNA hoi suddo havai kammuNA // -uttarA0 25 // 33 . ahiMsAvAda para anAsthA ke kAraNa hI Aja ke samAja meM jAtigata hInabhAvanA kA vistAra ho rahA hai| jAti ke sambandha meM hamArA dRSTikoNa udAtta nahIM raha gayA hai| hama isIlie, UMca-nIca, chuAchUta Adi ke ghere meM bandI banate jA rahe haiN| zramaNa-saMskRti durabhimAna ko cunautI detI hai aura saghoSa udghoSaNA karatI hai : "mettI me smbbhuuesu|" sAmAjika avadhAraNA ke sandarbha meM aparigrahavAda bhI zramaNa-saMskRti ke udAtta dRSTikoNa kA paricaya prastuta karatA hai / aparigraha kA tAtparya dhana ke prati svAmitva kI bhAvanA kA parityAga hai / anAvazyaka saMcaya se sAmAnya lokajIvana ko kaSTa pahu~catA hai / ghUsakhorI, jamAkhorI, milAvaTa, taskarI Adi kA vyApAra parigraha vRtti kA hI jaghanyatama rUpa hai / hama dhana se dUsare kI sahAyatA karate bhI haiM, to svAmitva kI bhAvanA rakhakara hii| svAmitva kI bhAvanA kA tyAga hama nahIM kara pAte / isase aparigraha kA sahI rUpa tirohita hI raha jAtA hai / aura phira, hama saMkIrNa bhAvanA se Upara nahIM uTha pAte, hamArA vaicArika dRSTikoNa udAtta nahIM ho paataa| zramaNa-saMskRti aparigraha ke mAdhyama se hameM udAtta dRSTikoNa pradAna karatI hai, jisase hamAre antarmana meM sarvodaya kI bhAvanA kA saMcAra hotA hai aura janamAnasa grahaNa kI saMkIrNa bhAvanA se tyAga kI udAtta bhUmi kI ora abhimukha hotA hai| ..zramaNa-saMskRti kA anekAnta usakI udAtta dRSTi kA eka aisA prakAzastambha hai, jisase sampUrNa vizva kA jIvana-darzana Alokita hai| anekAntavAda, janasamudAya ko durAgrahavAditA kI saMkIrNa manovRtti se mukta hone kI preraNA detA hai| darzana ke kSetra meM yA phira jIvana ke vyAvahArika jagat meM vyApta zreSTha-azreSTha kI bhAvanA ke vyAmoha kA vilopa anekAnta se hI sambhava hai| nIra-kSIra-viveka kI samprApti ekamAtra anekAnta se hI ho sakatI hai / sat ke prati Asakti aura asat ke prati vairAgya anekAnta kI bhAvanA se hI AtA hai| bhASika zuddhi kI dRSTi se syAdvAda aura vaicArika zuddhi kI dRSTi se anekAntavAda kI sthApanA zramaNasaMskRti kI udAttatA kA hI pAryantika rUpa hai| Aja hama kisI vastu ko ekAnta dRSTi se satya mAnane kA bhrama pAlate haiN| kintu, anekAntavAda isa bhrama ko dUra karatA hai| kisI vastu ko hama ekAnta dRSTi se satya mAnakara apanI anudAtta dRSTi kA hI paricaya dete haiN| koI bhI mAnava ekAnta bhAva se pUrNa nahIM hotaa| yadi hama kisI darzana ke tattvajJa o o
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________________ zramaNa-saMskRti kA uvAtta raSTikoNa 3 ko hI paNDita mAna lete haiM, to yaha ekAnta dRSTi huii| sambhava hai, usa paNDita ko sAMkhyikI meM tattvajJatA prApta nahIM ho, to phira use ekAntabhAva se paNDita kahanA ucita bhI nhiiN| anekAnta dRSTi se darzana kI apekSA yadi vaha paNDita hai, to sAMkhyikI kI apekSA paNDita nahIM bhI hai| isI vicAradhArA ke AdhAra para anekAnta meM 'saptabhaMgI nyAya' kI pratiSThA huI hai / isa nyAya ke dvArA hama ekAnta se anekAnta kI ora prasthAna karate haiM, jahA~ hameM sampUrNa jAgatika sthiti kA sahI abhijJAna prApta hotA hai aura udAtta dRSTikoNa se saMvalita hone kA avasara milatA hai| sarvadharmasamanvaya kI samasyA kA samAdhAna bhI anekAnta hI de sakatA hai| jJAna aura dayA zramaNa-saMskRti ke merudaNDa haiN| ye donoM aise divya tattva haiM, jinameM udAtta dRSTikoNa kA apAra sAgara taraMgita hotA rahatA hai| koI bhI jJAnI puruSa anudAra nahIM ho sakatA aura kisI bhI dayAlu kI vicAradhArA saMkIrNa nahIM hotii| kintu, dayA kI bhAvanA kA udaya binA jJAna ke sambhava nhiiN| isIlie, jinavANI kI mAntrika bhASA hai : 'paDhamaM NANaM tao byaa|' zramaNa-saMskRti meM jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnA gayA hai / jJAna bhI aisA, jo sva aura para ko samAna rUpa se AbhAsita kare aura usameM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA-vyavadhAna na ho| isIlie AcArya siddhasena ne kahA hai : 'pramANaM svaparAbhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavijitam / ' udAtta dRSTikoNa ke lie jJAna kA honA anivArya hai aura jJAna kA kriyAnvayana dayA-bhAvanA se hI sambhava hai| jJAna kI hI sakriya avasthA dayA hai| jJAna kI sakriyatA ke lie dayA anivArya hai| kahanA cAhie ki jJAna aura dayA donoM eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiN| isIlie, anantajJAna se sampanna tIrthaMkara 'dayAlu' yA 'kalyANamitra' kI saMjJA se sambodhita hue| brahmacarya kI vyAkhyA meM bhI zramaNa-saMskRti ne udAra dRSTikoNa se kAma liyA hai| anyatra jahA~ 'maraNaM bindupAtena jIvanaM bindudhAraNAt' kA kaThora nirdeza milatA hai, vahIM zramaNa-saMskRti ne 'svavAra santoSitva-vrata' ko brahmacarya kA darajA diyA hai| Aja brahmacarya ke nAma para unmukta yaunamedha kA jo nagna tANDava dRSTigata hotA hai, usakA saMyamana 'svadAra santoSitva-vrata' se sahaja hI sambhava hai| ekamAtra apanI patnI meM hI santoSa ke vrata kA pAlana kiyA jAya, to kAmoSmA se pratapta Adhunika samAja meM saMyama ke svargika sukha kI avatAraNA ho jaay| zramaNa-saMskRti apane udAtta dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa hI vyaSTigata dhAraNA kI apekSA samaSTigata dhAraNA ke prati AgrahazIla hai / vaha 'bhUmA vai sukhaM nAlpe sukhamasti' ke siddhAnta kA samarthana karatI hai| vaha pramA (tadvati tattrakArakaM jJAna) para AsthA rakhatI hai, bAharI cAkacikya ko nakAra detI hai| vaha siddhAntoM ke bhaTakAva kI sthiti nahIM utpanna krtii| vaha to jIvana ko santrAsa, kuNThA, anAsthA, visaMgati Adi durbhAvanAoM ke ghAta-pratighAtoM se bacane ko prerita karatI hai, tAki mAnava apanI mAnavatA kI carama pariNati ke sumeru para virAjamAna ho sake, siddhazilA para AsIna ho ske| Aja kA mAnava nitAnta parigrahI ho gayA ho / usane apane irdagirda aneka ADambara cipakA rakhe haiM / ajJAnatA aura dayAhInatA ke kAraNa vaha anapekSita AbhijAtya bhAvanA meM par3akara mAnavatA kI garimA se paricyuta ho gayA hai| vaha bAhya jagata meM akarma ko karma aura karma ko akarma mAna baiThA hai| bhautikatA se atiparicaya ke kAraNa vaha AdhyAtmikatA kI avajJA kara rahA hai| usakA koI bhI kathana na to sucintita hotA, na hI vaha koI suvicArita kArya kara pAtA hai| kula milAkara, Adhunika mAnava-samAja meM Atmapradarzana kI mithyA gatAnugatikatA kI aisI lahara chA gayI hai ki vaha sivAya dUsare kA chInane ke AlAvA aura kucha soca hI nahIM sktaa| zramaNa-saMskRti ne isIlie asteya-bhAvanA ko sAmAjika jIvana meM pratiSThA dI hai| IzopaniSad kI 'tena tyaktena bhuJjIthA mA gRdhaH kasyasviddhanam' jaisI sAmAjika bhAvanA ko ubuddha karane vAlI cetAvanI ko Aja ke mAnava ne najarandAja kara diyA hai, isIlie usameM cauryavRtti A gaI hai / Atmadhana kI apekSA paradhana ke prati tRSNA se vaha nirantara Akula-vyAkula ho rahA hai / phalataH usake saMyama kA cAbuka bekAra ho gayA hai aura indriyoM ke ghor3e belagAma ho gaye haiN| usake jaisA kAmagRdhra vyakti kAma se hI kAma ko zAnta karanA cAhatA hai| ghI se Aga ko ThaNDA karanA cAhatA hai ! aura, isake lie vaha cauryavRtti se hI apane sukha-santoSa kI sAmagrI juTAne meM prabala puruSArtha mAna rahA hai aura hiMsA tathA mithyAtva ke prati ekAnta AgrahazIla ho uThA hai| sArasvata jagata meM bhI Aja ajIba chInA-jhapaTI cala rahI hai / gItA kI 'svadharme nidhanaM zreyaH paradharmo bhayAvahaH' kI cetAvanI bhI use yAda nahIM raha gayI hai| phalataH, usakI jindagI kI gAr3I samatala sar3aka ko chor3akara Ubar3a-khAbar3a rAste meM daur3a par3I hai| kRtrima pAzcAtya saMskRti kI cakAcauMdha meM par3a usane apanI sahaja paurastya saMskRti kI upekSA kara dI hai| yahAM taka ki apanI bhASA aura sAhitya ko bhI vaha mUlyahIna mAnane lagA hai| usake mUlyAMkana kI tulA hI abhAratIya ho gayI hai|
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________________ 4 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana anya saptama khaNDa + + ++++++++++++ + +++++++++ +++ + + + + +++ + + + +++ +++++ + + +++++ ++++ + + + + + + ++ + + yahI kAraNa hai ki Adhunika mAnava vibhinna matavAdoM aura sAmpradAyika rUr3hiyoM kI bAtyA meM viluNThita ho rahA hai| usakA apanA jJAnabodha ahaMkAra ke aMdhere meM DUba gayA hai| aisI sthiti meM zramaNa-saMskRti ke paMcayAma dharma kI projjvala prabhA usake timirAvRta hRdaya ko bhAsvara banA sakatI hai| usake digbhraSTa jIvana-pota ke lie anekAntajayapatAkA dizAsUcaka yantra kA kAma kara sakatI hai| kyoMki, zramaNa-saMskRti ke paMcayAma dharma meM mAnava kI cetanA ko amAvazyaka Agraha se alaga kara apekSita anAgraha ke jyotiSpatha kI ora le calane kI aparimita zakti hai| kahanA na hogA ki zramaNa-saMskRti meM jIvana ke vidhAyaka aneka mahattvapUrNa pakSa-jaise avarNavAda, dhArmika AcaraNa ke nAma para hiMsA evaM parigrahamUlaka ADambaroM kA pratikSepa, saiddhAntika matoM kA samanvaya, sAmAjika jIvana meM samatAvAda kI sthApanA ke dvArA strI-puruSoM ke lie samAna pragati kI yojanA, adhika dhana kA pratyAkhyAna aura prApta dhana kA svAmitvahIna samAna vitaraNa, pUMjIvAda kA virodha, UMca-nIca aura spRzyAspRzya jaisI samAjotthAna-virodhI bhAvanA kA nirAkaraNa Adi-pratinihita haiM, jinase usake udAtta dRSTikoNa kA pratyakSa parijJAna prApta hotA hai| zramaNa-saMskRti meM zramaNa, brAhmaNa, muni aura tApasa ke lie kisI nirdhArita veza-vizeSa kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne inakI paribhASA upasthita karate hue nirdeza kiyA hai : na vi muNDieNa samaNo na oMkAreNa bmmnno| na muNI raNNavAseNaM kusacIreNa na taavso|| samayAe samaNo hoi bambhacereNa bmbhnno| nANeNa ya muNI hoi taveNaM hoi taavso|| -uttarA0 25 // 31-32 nissandeha, kevala sira mur3A lene se koI zramaNa nahIM hotA, na hI oMkAra ke japa se brAhmaNa / jaMgala meM rahane se hI muni nahIM hotA aura na kuza tathA cIvara dhAraNa karane se tpsvii| vastutaH, jo samatA se sampanna hai, vahI zramaNa hai, brahmacarya kA upAsaka hI brAhmaNa hai, jJAnI hI muni hai aura tapa karane vAlA hI tpsvii| - isa prakAra zramaNa-saMskRti ne pratyeka vyakti ko utthAna ke mArga kA adhikArI ghoSita kiyA hai / apanI sAdhanA se sarvasAmAnya vyakti bhI pAramaizvarya kI siddhi sulabha kara sakatA hai| zramaNa-saMskRti ne Izvara ke katRtva ko nakArate hue mAnava ke ajeya puruSArtha ke prati aDiga AsthA abhivyakta kI hai| Atmazakti ke prati avizvAsa ho jAne ke kAraNa hI baha kisI pAramezvarI zakti kI kalpanA kara usake prati samarpita ho jAtA hai| paravartIkAlIna bhakta kavi caNDIdAsa kI prasiddha kAvya-paMkti-'sabAra Upare mAnusa satya' meM dhamaNa-saMskRti kA hI udAtta dRSTikoNa samAhita hai| zramaNa-saMskRti ke udAtta vicArapradhAna dArzanika cintana ne rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI ko bhI anukUlita kiyA thA aura gAMdhIjI ke prasiddha gyAraha vratoM meM prArambha ke pA~ca vrata bhagavAna mahAvIra ke hI paMcayAma dharma se Akalita haiN| kahanA yaha cAhie ki mahAtmA gAMdhI kA jIvana-darzana zramaNa-saMskRti ke jIvana-darzana kA hI paravartI vyApaka vistAra hai, jisakI udAtta vicAradhArA paramparAnukrama se vikasita hokara Aja kI sAmAjika evaM Arthika abhyutthAnumUlaka rASTrIya yojanA vizasUtrI kAryakrama se A jur3I hai| isalie; yaha kahanA atizayokti na hogI ki rASTrIya abhiyAna ke pratyeka par3Ava para yA sAmAjika jIvana ke hara mor3a para pragati aura utkarSa kA mantra phUMkane vAlI zramaNa-saMskRti ko kisI viziSTa deza, kAla, Ayu, nAma, gotra Adi kI sImA meM rakhakara dekhane kI apekSA sampUrNa vizva ke sandarbha meM maMgalakArI udAtta dRSTikoNa kA hI paryAya samajhanA samIcIna hai|