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________________ zramaNadharma : eka vizleSaNa 533 + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - + +++ ++++ + + ++ + ++++ +++++++ ++ + ++ ++ 00 zramaNadharma : eka vizleSaNa * zrI horAmuni 'himakara' ti ne gRhasthAhA~ taka usa to zramaNasaMskRti meM do hI AzramazA taba tIna jaba zrA bhAratIya saMskRti do dhArAoM meM pravAhita huI hai-eka dhArA kA nAma brAhmaNa saMskRti hai to dUsarI dhArA kA nAma zramaNa saMskRti hai| brAhmaNa saMskRti ne gRhasthAzrama ko mahattva diyA to zramaNasaMskRti ne zramaNadharma ko| jaba taka brAhmaNa saMskRti kA saMparka zramaNa saMskRti se nahIM huA vahA~ taka usameM brahmacarya aura gRhastha ye do hI Azrama the / sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya jIvana kI pragati ke lie ye do hI Azrama paryApta the| jaba zramaNa saMskRti kA prabhAva par3A taba tIna aura cAra Azrama svIkAra kiye gaye tathApi mahattA gRhasthAzrama kI hI rhii| kintu zramaNa saMskRti meM prArambha se hI zramaNa kA mahattva rahA / gRhasthAzrama meM rahane vAlA gRhastha zrAvaka bhI vratoM ko grahaNa karate samaya isa satya ko svIkAra karatA hai ki maiM zramaNadharma ko svIkAra karane meM asamartha hU~ ataH zrAvaka ke dvAdazavratoM ko grahaNa kara rahA huuN| zrAvakajIvana meM rahate hue bhI usakI pratipala-pratikSaNa yahI bhAvanA rahatI hai ki vaha dina kaba hogA jisa dina maiM gRhasthAzrama kA parityAga kara zramaNadharma ko grahaNa kruuNgaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM chadmaveSadhArI indra ne nami rAjarSi se kahA-rAjarSe ! tuma pahale yajJa karo, zramaNa aura brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAo, dAna do, phira zramaNa ho jaanaa| uttara meM namI rAjarSi ne kahA-jo mAnava prati mAsa dasa lAkha gAyeM dAna detA hai usake lie bhI saMmaya zreSTha hai / arthAt dasa lAkha gAyoM ko dene se bar3hakara bhI zramaNa jIvana kA adhika mahatva hai| isase spaSTa hai ki zramaNa-paramparA meM zramaNa-jIvana kA kitanA adhika mahattva rahA hai| zreSThatA vyakti kI nahIM sAdhanA kI hai, saMyama kI hai / sAdhanA ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa ke lie veSa parivartana karanA, gRhavAsa kA tyAga karanA Adi Avazyaka hai / yadi utkRSTa AMtarika vizuddhi ho cukI ho to gRhastha yA anya kisI bhI veSa meM mukti ho sakatI hai| mukti meM veSa utanA bAdhaka nahIM hai jitanA ki AMtarika vikAra / AtmA kA utkarSa sAdhane ke lie bAharI vAtAvaraNa aura abhyAsa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| kyoMki sAdhaka eka yAtrI hai yadi use anukUla vAtAvaraNa na mile to vaha bhaTaka bhI sakatA hai, aTaka bhI sakatA hai aura adhara meM laTaka bhI sakatA hai / etadartha hI Agama sAhitya meM sAdhaka ke lie yogya vAtAvaraNa Avazyaka mAnA hai| kyoMki sabhI sAdhaka AcArya sthUlabhadra nahIM ho sakate / ataH sAdhaka ko atyadhika jAgarUka rahakara sAdhanA va ArAdhanA karanI caahie| zramaNa saMskRti ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa para bala dekara bhAratIya samRddhi va vaibhava ko bar3hAne meM sahayoga diyaa| bhArata kA jada kabhI bhI patana huA usakA mUla kAraNa thA vilAsa, paraspara kalaha tathA svArthavRtti / ina sabhI durguNoM ko jItane va parityAga karane kA sandeza zramaNa saMskRti ne diyA hai| usane adhika se adhika sadguNoM ko apanAne kI preraNA dI hai| gRhastha zrAvakoM ke lie dvAdazavratoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai to zramaNa ke lie paMca mahAvratoM kI vyavasthA kI hai / gRhasthoM ke vrata to sabhI svIkAra kara sakate haiM, para mahAvratoM ko sabhI svIkAra nahIM kara sakate / sthAnAMgasUtra meM dharma ke do aMga mAne haiM-zrutadharma aura cAritradharma / zrutadharma se buddhi kI nirmalatA hotI hai, sAdhanA ke rahasya parijJAta hote haiM, tattvoM kA sahI svarUpa samajha meM AtA hai| kauna heya hai, kauna upAdeya hai aura kauna jJeya hai-isakA jJAna zruta se hI hotA / jo jJAna huA use cAritradharma ke dvArA svIkAra karanA, sadguNoM ko jIvana meM grahaNa kara AdhyAtmika vikAsa karanA Avazyaka hai| jaise kesara jaisI bahumUlya vastu kAzmIra ke suramya pradeza meM paidA hotI hai, registAna meM nahIM; vaise hI zramaNadharma vahI vyakti grahaNa kara sakatA hai jisakA AcAra zrutadharma se suvAsita ho
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________________ 534 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana prantha : paMcama khaNDa +++++ +++++++++++HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH cukA hai| vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla meM zramaNadharma kA prArambha bhagavAna zrI RSabhadeva ne kiyA aura apane putra RSabha ko zramaNa ke veSa meM kevalajJAna prApta hue dekhakara mAtA marudevA ko kevalajJAna kevala-darzana kI upalabdhi huI aura vaha mokSa meM padhAra gyii| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke putra aura putriyA~ bhI zramaNadharma ko svIkAra kara. mokSa pdhaare| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke pazcAt anya teIsa tIrthakara hue| unhoMne bhI zramaNa saMskRti ke dIpa meM samaya-samaya para tela pradAna kara use adhika pradIpta kiyA aura jyotirdhara AcAryoM va prabhAvaka zramaNa muniyoM ne isa saMskRti kI gaurava-garimA ko bar3hAne meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| jaina saMskRti ke zramaNa kA uddezya hai vibhAva se haTakara svabhAva meM ramaNa karanA, para-darzana nahIM, Atmadarzana karanA / sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM batAyA hai ki ekamAtra AtmA ke lie pravrajyA grahaNa kare / saMsAra meM virATa duHkha hai / jaba taka AtmA saMsAra ke kinAre nahIM pahuMcatA vahA~ taka duHkha se mukta nahIM ho sakatA / etadartha hI uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM zramaNa jIvana ko naukA ke samAna kahA hai / jo naukA chidrasahita hotI hai vaha samudrataTa para nahIM pahuMca paatii| jo naukA chidra rahita hai vahI sAgara ke pAra hotI hai| zramaNa saMyama ke dvArA sabhI pApa-chidroM ko roka detA hai aura bhava-sAgara ko pAra kara jAtA hai| zramaNa kI pahacAna ke lie veSa Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| zramaNa ke lie Agama sAhitya meM mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa, pAtra Adi upakaraNa rakhane kA vidhAna hai| jaba zramaNa dharma svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai usa samaya vaha keza-luMcana bhI karatA hai / sthAnAMga meM zramaNa ke lie dasa prakAra kA muNDana batAyA hai / zrotra ndriya, cakSuidrinya, ghrANendriya, rasanendriya, sparzendriya ke viSayoM ko jItanA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta karanA-ye nau prakAra ke AMtarika muNDana haiM aura dasavAM sira ke bAloM kA muNDana hai| zramaNa ke mukhya dasa dharma haiM-(1) kSamA, (2) mukti, (nirlobhavRtti), (3) Arjava (saralatA), (4) mArdava, (5) lAghava (moharahita vinaya), (6) satya, (7) saMyama, (8) tapa, (6) tyAga aura (10) brahmacarya / kevala veSa parivartana karane se zramaNa nahIM banatA / zramaNa banane ke lie guNoM kA honA Avazyaka hai / samavAyAMga sUtra meM zramaNa ke sattAIsa guNoM kA varNana hai / vaha isa prakAra hai "prANAtipAtaviramaNa" aise hI sarvathA prakAra se mRSAvAda kA tyAga, adattAdAnatyAga, maithunatyAga, parigrahatyAga, zrotrendriyanigraha Adi se 5vIM sparzanendriyanigraha, krodhaviveka, mAnaviveka, mAyAviveka, lobhaviveka, bhAvasatya, karaNasatya, yogasatya, kSamA, vairAgya, manasamAdhAraNatA, vacanasamAdhAraNatA, kAyasamAdhAraNatA, jJAna-saMpannatA, darzana. saMpannatA, caritra-saMpannatA, vedanAsahana evaM mRtyushissnnutaa| digambara paramparA meM zramaNa ke aTThAIsa mUla guNa mAne haiM-pAMca mahAvrata, pA~ca indriyoM kA nigraha, pA~ca samiti chaH Avazyaka, snAnatyAga, zayana bhUmi kA zodhana, vastra-tyAga, keza lucana, eka samaya bhojana, dantadhAvanatyAga aura khar3e-khar3e bhojana / jaina-zramaNa ke lie sataraha prakAra ke saMyama kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai| vaha sataraha prakAra ke saMyama yaha haiM-pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaskAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya, dvIindriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, paMcendriya, ajIvakAya, prekSA-sote, baiThate samaya vastra Adi upakaraNoM ko samyak prakAra se dekhanA, upekSA-sAMsArika kAryoM ke prati upekSA, apahRtya-zramaNadharma kA adhyayana karanA, zarIraupAdhi, mala-mUtrAdi pariSThApana karate hue jIvarakSA karanA, pramArjanAvastra, pAtra, makAna zarIra kA upayoga karate samaya pramArjanI guccha vizeSa se pramArjana karanA, mana ko kaSAyarahita rakhanA, vacana asatya, maSA va siddhAntaviruddha na bolanA, kAya-sone-baiThane Adi zArIrika kriyAoM ko karate samaya jIvarakSA kA dhyAna rakhanA, isa prakAra sAdhaka asaMyama se nivRtta hokara saMyama meM pravRtta hotA hai| zramaNadharma svIkAra karane vAle sAdhaka kI kucha bAhya vizeSatAe~ bhI AcAryoM ne pratipAdita kI haiM, ve ye hai(1) Aryadezotpanna, isameM yaha apavAda hai jo vyakti anAyaMdeza meM utpanna huA hai kintu guNoM se yukta hai to vaha dIkSA grahaNa kara sakatA hai / (2) zuddha jAti kulAnvita (3) kSINaprAya azubhakarma (4) vizuddha buddhi (5) vijJAta saMsAra (6) virakta (7) manda kaSAyabhAk (8) alya hAsyAdi akautUhalI (9) kRtajJa (10) vinIta (11) rAjasammata (12) adrohI (13) sampUrNa aMga sundara hoM (14) zraddhAvAn (15) sthiracitta (16) samupa-sampanna-pUrNarUpa se jIvana ko saMyama se vyatIta karane vAlA ho| ina bAhya sadguNoM se yukta vyakti hI zramaNadharma kA samyak prakAra se pAlana kara sakatA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM zramaNoM ke lie tIna prakAra ke pAtra lene kA vidhAna hai-(1) tumbe kA pAtra, (2) kASTa kA pAtra aura (3) miTTI kA pAtra / zramaNa tIna kAraNoM se vastra dhAraNa karate haiM--(1) lajjA ke nivAraNa hetu, (2) janatA kI ghRNA ko dUra karane ke lie (3) zIta, tApa Adi parISaha asahya hone para / sthAnAMgasUtra meM tIna prakAra ke vastra
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________________ zramaNadharma : eka vizleSaNa 535 grahaNa karane kA bhI ullekha hai-Una ke, kapAsa ke aura sana ke| vastra kI maryAdA meM zramaNa ke lie bahattara hAtha aura zramaNI ke lie chiyAnave hAtha se adhika vastra nahIM rakhane kA vidhAna hai / zramaNopAsaka zramaNa ko caudaha prakAra kA nirdoSa dAna pradAna karatA hai| ve isa prakAra haiM-(1) asana, (2) pAna, (3) khAdima, (4) svAdima, (5) vastra; (6) pratigraha (kASTa pAtrAdi), (7) kaMbala, (8) pAdapauMchana, (9) pITha-baiThane kA bAjoTa, (10) phalaka-sone kA pATa, (11) zayyA makAna, (12) saMthArA--- tRNa, ghAsa Adi sone ke lie, (13) rajoharaNa-Una kA gucchaka jIvarakSA hetu: (14) auSadhabheSaja Adi / __ jaina-zramaNa kI bhikSA bhI eka prakAra kI tapasyA hai / bhikSA ko madhukarI yA gocarI bhI kahate haiN| vaha jisa gRhastha se bhikSA prApta kare use kisI bhI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM honA cAhie / zramaNa apane lie bhojana nahIM banAtA aura na apane lie banAye hue bhojana ko grahaNa hI karatA hai| bhikSA ke lie eka pRthak samiti kA hI vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jisakA nAma aiSaNAsamiti hai / zramaNa ko solaha udgamana ke tathA solaha utpAda ke evaM dasa aiSaNA ke isa prakAra bayAlIsa doSa TAlakara AhAra-pAnI grahaNa karanA cAhie aura saMtAlIsa doSa TAlakara AhAra kA upabhoga karanA cAhie / zramaNa chaH kAraNoM se AhAra karate haiM kSudhA-vedanA sahana na hone para, vaiyAvRtti hetu, IryAzodhanArtha, saMyamapAlanArtha, prANarakSaNArtha aura dharmacintanArtha / isI prakAra cha: kAraNa upasthita hone para vaha AhAra kA parityAga karatA hai-roga kI abhivRddhi hone para, saMyama tyAga kA upasarga upasthita hone para, brahmacarya kI rakSA hetu, prANiyoM kI rakSA nimitta tapa ke lie tathA zarIratyAga ke avasara pr| isa taraha AhAra kA grahaNa aura AhAra kA parityAga saMyamasAdhanA ke lie liyA jAtA hai yA chor3A jAtA hai / zramaNa-jIvana kA uddezya mokSa prApta karanA hai| usake lie mukhya do sAdhana haiM-svAdhyAya aura dhyAna / zramaNa ke dainandina jIvana meM svAdhyAya aura dhyAna kA atyadhika mahattva hai / zramaNa prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dvitIya prahara meM dhyAna, tRtIya prahara meM bhikSA-caryA aura caturtha prahara meM punaH svAdhyAya karatA hai| isI taraha rAtri ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dvitIya prahara meM dhyAna, tRtIya prahara meM nidrA aura caturtha prahara meM punaH svAdhyAya karane kA vidhAna hai| dina meM eka prahara bhikSAhetu aura rAtri meM eka prahara nidrAhetu batAyA hai| vaha bhI saMyama, svAdhyAya va dhyAna ko abhivRddhi hetu hai| binA AhAra aura vizrAMti ke nirvighnatApUrvaka sAdhanA nahIM ho sktii| svAdhyAya aura dhyAna karate samaya rugNa, tapasvI, vRddha, Adi zramaNoM kI sevA kA prasaMga upasthita ho to vaha sarvaprathama unakI sevA-zuzrUSA kare / vaiyAvRtti bhI zramaNa kI sAdhanA kA eka pramukha aMga hai| Agama sAhitya meM zramaNa ke pulAka, bakuza, pratisevanA, kaSAyakuzIla nirgrantha aura snAtaka-ye chaha prakAra batAye gaye haiM / pulAka kheta meM avasthita zAlI ke sadRzya jisameM zuddhi kama aura azuddhi kI mAtrA adhika hotI hai ; bakuza kheta meM kaTI huI zAlI ke samAna zuddhi aura azuddhi samAna hotI hai ; pratisevanA khalihAna meM uphanatI zAlIvat zuddhi adhika aura azuddhi kama ; kaSAyakuzIla chilakeyukta zAlI ke samAna; nimrantha chilakerahita cAvala kI taraha aura snAtaka zuddha cAvala ke jaise / inameM pulAka, bakuza, pratisevanA ina tIna meM sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya ye do cAritra hote haiN| kaSAyakuzIla meM sAmAyika, chedopasthApanIya, parihAravizuddha aura sUkSma samparAya, ye cAra cAritra hote haiN| nirgrantha evaM snAtaka meM eka yathAkhyAta cAritra hotA hai / pulAka, bakuza aura pratisevanA meM chaThA aura sAtavA guNasthAna hotA hai, kaSAyakuzIla meM chaThe se lekara gyArahavA~ guNasthAna ho sakatA hai| nimrantha meM bArahavA~ guNasthAna hotA hai aura snAtaka meM terahavA~ aura caudahavA~ guNasthAna hotA hai| - zramaNa-jIvana meM aneka prakAra ke parISaha upasthita hote haiM / Agama sAhitya meM mukhya parISahoM kI parigaNanA kI hai / unameM kSudhA, tRSA, zIta, tApa Adi bAIsa haiN| zramaNa cAhe anukUla parISaha ho cAhe pratikUla parISaha ho-una parISahoM ko haMsate aura muskarAte hue sahana karatA hai kintu kabhI bhI parISahoM se vicalita nahIM hotaa| etadartha hI zAstrakAroM ne kahA hai zramaNa jIvana meM itanA sukha prApta hotA hai jitanA svarga meM bhI upalabdha nahIM hai / zramaNa svargIya sukhoM kA bhI atikramaNa kara jAtA hai| kyoMki svargIya sukha bhautika padArthoM para avalaMbita hai jabaki zramaNa-jIvana kA jo sukha hai vaha AdhyAtmika hai, usameM kisI kI bhI apekSA nahIM hotii| sArAMza yaha hai ki zramaNa saMskRti meM zramaNadharma kA jo nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai vaha itanA mahattvapUrNa hai ki Aja bhI yadi sAdhaka una sadguNoM ko apanAye to usakA jIvana camaka sakatA hai| usake jIvana meM abhinava Aloka kA saMcAra ho sakatA hai / jaina Agama sAhitya meM zramaNAcAra kA bahuta hI vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| kintu vistArabhaya se hamane saMkSepa meM hI usa para cintana kiyA hai|