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________________ zikSaNa meM sRjanAtmakatA 0 pro0 bhagavatI lAla vyAsa (hindI vibhAga, lokamAnya tilaka zikSaka prazikSaNa mahAvidyAlaya, rA0vi0 Daboka (udayapura) manuSya apane jina viziSTa guNoM ke kAraNa pazu se pRthaka samajhA jAtA hai, sRjanAtmakatA unameM se eka hai| isa kSetra meM hue anusandhAnoM ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki pratyeka manuSya kisI na kisI sImA taka sRjanazIla hai| sRjanAtmakatA mAnava ke AvirbhAva kAla se hI satata pravahamAna hai kintu aupacArika rUpa se zikSA evaM manovijJAna ke kSetra meM sRjanAtmakatA sambandhI cintana aura zodha kA itihAsa tIna dazakoM se adhika purAnA nahIM hai| san 1956 meM je0 pI0 gilaphorDa ne apane maoNDala sTrakcara Apha inTelekTa dvArA cintana ke do AyAmoM---ekadezIya tathA bahudezIyakI sthiti spaSTa karate hue sRjanAtmakatA kA sambandha bahudezIya cintana se batalAyA thaa| bahudezIya cintana kA Azaya aise cintana se hai jisameM vyavita kisI samasyA para lIka se haTa kara socatA hai| gilaphorDa ne samasyA samAdhAna viSayaka isa cintana ko hI sRjanAtmaka cintana kahA hai / vastutaH mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa evaM pragati ke mUla meM yahI sRjanAtmaka cintana rahA hai kyoMki mAnava jIvanaparyanta samasyAoM se ghirA rahatA hai tathA unakA samAdhAna apane DhaMga se karatA hai| isa samasyA samAdhAna meM jitanI navInatA hogI vaha vyakti utanA hI pratibhAsampanna kahA jaaygaa| gilaphorDa ke bAda sajanAtmakatA kI dizA meM kaI vidvAnoM ne ullekhanIya kArya kiyA hai| inameM horensa, Telara, TyUmina, masalo, thArnaDAika, rojarsa, mUnI, meDanika, tharsaTana, barnara, vardamiyara Adi videzI tathA surendranAtha tripAThI, bakara mehadI, ema0 ke0 rainA, TI0 ena0 rainA Adi bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke nAma ginAye jA sakate haiN| paribhASA kA saMkaTa sRjanAtmakatA kI dizA meM itanA kArya ho jAne para bhI isakI koI sarvasammata paribhASA de pAnA kaThina hai kyoMki sRjanAtmakatA ke ghaTakoM ke sambandha meM sabhI vidvAna ekamata nahIM haiN| anAstAsI aura zephara ne sRjanAtmakatA ko eka bahupakSIya sampradAya kahA hai| rAlpha hAlamena ke anusAra mAnava jIvana kA Azaya vikAsa tathA vyakti kI anivArya vizeSatAoM kA pratyakSIkaraNa hai / yaha svapratyakSIkaraNa athavA Atmasiddhi hI sRjanAtmakatA kI samakakSa hai| isI prakAra TArensa, Telara, simsana Adi vidvAnoM ne bhI mAnava-astitva tathA sRjanAtmakatA ke bIca eka anivArya sambandha ko svIkAra kiyA hai| Telara ne sRjanAtmakatA kI lagabhaga eka sau paribhASAoM kI eka bRhad sUcI bhI prastuta kI hai parantu saMkSepa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki sRjanAtmakatA mAnava jIvana kI sRjanAtmaka abhivyakti hai| sRjanAtmakatA tathA medhA kaI varSoM taka sRjanAtmakatA tathA medhA ke eka hI vastu hone kI bhrAnti banI rahI kintu isa dizA meM hue 1 Guilford J. P. : An Informational Theory of Creative Thinking. Educational Trends-Vol. 8 No. 1-4, Jan-Oct, 1973. Regional College of Education. Ajmer.
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________________ zikSaNa meM sRjanAtmakatA 36 ...........................................0000000000000000000000000 anusaMdhAnoM ne aba yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki ye donoM bhinna vastue~ haiM / jo kArya sRjanazIla vyakti AsAnI se kara pAtA hai zAyada medhAvI vyakti ke lie unheM kara pAnA sambhava na ho| isI prakAra eka ucca sRjanazIla vyakti kI tulanA bIsa kama sRjanazIla vyaktiyoM se nahIM kI jA sktii| phAgana ne isa sambandha meM apane zodhakArya dvArA medhA aura sRjanazIlatA ke sambandha meM bahuta nimna sahasambandha kI sRSTi kI hai| sAmAnya jIvana meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki sRjanazIla vyaktiyoM kI zaikSika apalabdhiyA~ nagaNya prakAra kI hotI haiN| sRjanAtmakatA ke ghaTaka je0 pI0 gilaphorDa ne apane sTrakcara Apha inTelekTa meM sRjanAtmaka cintana ke antargata pravAhitA, anAgraha, maulikatA, vistAra evaM saMvedyatA ko sammilita kiyA hai|' pravAhitA jaisA ki pravAhitA zabda se dhvanita hotA hai, yaha vaha viziSTa yogyatA hai jo cintana ke nirbAdha pravAha ko iMgita karatI hai| gilaphorDa ne apane adhyayana meM isake cAra prakAroM kA varNana bhI kiyA hai| ve haiM1. zAbdika pravAhitA 3. vaicArika pravAhitA aura 2. abhivyaktiparaka pravAhitA 4. sAhacaryAtmaka prvaahitaa| anAgraha zArTara AksaphArDa iMgaliza DikzanarI ke anusAra anAgraha kA zAbdika artha hai "anAgrahI hone kI kSamatA arthAta anukUlana kI kSamatA, kaThoratA evaM kaTTaratA se mukta honA tathA tvarita evaM vaividhyapUrNa kriyAnvayana / " gilaphorDa ke anusAra anAgraha ke bhI do prakAra haiM 1. svataHsphUrta anAgraha aura 2. anukUla anaagrh| maulikatA maulikatA se hamArA abhiprAya sAmAnyata: usa abhivyakti se hai jo sAmAnya se athavA lIka se haTakara apanI alaga pahacAna detI hai| saMvedyatA isake antargata vyAvahArika samasyAoM ko pahacAnane kI yogyatA, kamiyA~ yA burAiyA~ Adi samajhate hue sudhAra ke upAya sujhA sakane kI kSamatA sammilita hai| vistAra vastuoM ko vyAkhyAyita, paribhASita, punarparibhASita karane kI kSamatA vistAra ke antargata AtI hai| sRjanAtmakatA ke sambandha meM kucha niSkarSa sRjanAtmakatA ke sambandha meM aba taka hue cintana-manana, zodha, anusaMndhAnoM Adi ke pariNAmoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue hama nimnAMkita niSkarSoM para pahu~cate haiM - 1. pratyeka vyakti meM sRjanAtmakatA hotI hai| 2. pratyeka vyakti meM sRjanAtmakatA kI mAtrA bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| 3. sRjanAtmakatA ke vibhinna ghaTakoM kA vikAsa pratyeka vyakti meM bhinna-bhinna hotA hai| 4. sRjanAtmakatA kA zikSaNa sambhava hai| 5. sRjanAtmakatA kA mApana sambhava hai| 6. upayukta paryAvaraNa pradAnakara sRjanAtmakatA ko bar3hAyA jA sakatA hai| - 1 Taylor C. W. : Creativity - Progress and Potential, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York 1964.
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________________ 40 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana prantha : tRtIya khaNDa 7. sRjanazIla vyaktiyoM ke prati loga sahaja hI AkRSTa hote haiN| 8. sRjanAtmakatA kA utpAdana se ghaniSTha sambandha hai| 6. sRjanAtmakatA se sambaddha gatividhiyA~ samAjopayogI honI caahie| sRjanAtmakatAsampanna vyavitayoM ke vyaktitva-lakSaNa sRjanAtmakatAsampanna vyaktiyoM ke vyaktitva-lakSaNoM kA patA lagAne ke lie gejalsa tathA jeksana dvArA san 1658 meM, meknAna dvArA san 1960 meM tathA TArensa dvArA san 1962 meM adhyayana kiye gaye / isI prakAra ke adhyayana reDa, kiMga tathA vikavAyara (1956) tathA DA0 ema0 ke0 rainA ne bhI kiye / prastuta nibandha ke lekhaka ne bhI 1973 meM isa viSaya para kArya kiyaa| ina adhyayanoM meM se pAla TArensa dvArA ucca sRjanAtmakatAsampamna vyaktiyoM para kiye gaye adhyayanoM se jina vyaktitva-lakSaNoM kA patA calatA hai unheM ve apanI pustaka meM isa prakAra varNana karate haiM1. gahana anurAga 24. lar3AkU tathA niSedhAtmaka vRtti apanAnA / 2. siddhAntoM ke prati AdarabhAva 25. vicitra AdatoM ko aMgIkAra krnaa| 3. sadaiva kisI na kisI cIja se kuNThita anubhava 26. parizramI tathA udymii| krnaa| 27. dUsaroM ke vicAroM ko grahaNa karane meM udAra / 4. rahasyoM ke prati AkarSaNa / 28. adhyvsaayii| 5. kaThina kAryoM ko karane kA prayatna / 26. kucha avasaroM para pIche httnaa| 6. AlocanA meM racanAtmaka rukha / 30. mAnasika gambhIratAsampanna honA / 7. sAhasikatA 31. kArya ke prati nizcayAtmaka rukha apanAnA / 8. viveka buddhi tathA dRDhavizvAsa / 32. purogamitA kA pakSadhara honA / 6. svAsthya sambandhI mAnyatAoM kI upekSA / 33. bhAgyavAdI honA (kucha sImA tk)| 10. viziSTa hone kI AkAMkSA / 34. apane kArya ke prati ImAnadAra / 11. saMkalpa kA dhanI honA / 35. anAvazyaka vistAra se aruci / 12. jIvana mUlyoM meM bhinnatA honA / 36. adhikAra evaM zakti ke prati aparigrahI 13. asantoSa bhAva / 14. prabhutvAkAMkSI honA / 37. aTakalabAjI (saTTebAjI) ke prati ruci / 15. chidrAnveSI honaa| 38. sAhasapUrNa asvIkRti prakaTa krnaa| 16. dUsaroM se bhinna samajhe jAne kA bhaya nahIM honA / 36. kisI sImA taka asaMskRta vyavahAra kara baiThanA / 17. jo kucha ho rahA hai use pUrI taraha ThIka na 40. kahane kI bajAya karane meM adhika vizvAsa smjhnaa| honaa| 18. ekaantpriytaa| 41. caMcalatA tathA asthirtaa| 16. antarmukhatA 42. haThI honaa| 20. kArya karane kA asAmAnya samaya cunnaa| 43. dRSTisampanna honaa| 21. vyApAra evaM vyavahArakuzalatA kA abhAva / 44. khatare mola lene kI pravRtti (cunautI jhelnaa)| 22. galatiyA~ krnaa| 45. bahumukhI pratibhAsampannatA / 23. Uba mahasUsa na karanA / 46. akRtrima tathA sahaja vyavahAra kA dhanI honaa| 1 2 Vyas B. L. : Personality Traits of Creative Children (M. Ed. Dissertation) 1973. Torrance E. P. : Guiding Creative Talent, Englewood Cliffs. N. J. Prentice Hall, 1962.
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________________ zikSA meM sRjanAtmakatA 41 . 'sRjanAtmakatA kA vikAsa kaise kareM ? jaisA ki pUrvavartI anucchedoM meM spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai sRjanAtmakatA kA vikAsa sambhava hai kyoMki yaha kisI na kisI mAtrA meM pratyeka vyakti meM vidyamAna rahatI hai| vidyAlaya tathA kakSA meM vibhinna viSayoM ke adhyApana ke daurAna sRjanAtmakatA ke vikAsa hetu upayukta avasara DhUMr3he jA sakate haiN| isa dizA meM videzoM meM kaI prayoga kie gae haiM / TArensa dvArA kiye gae eka prayoga se nimnAMkita siddhAnta nirUpita kiye jA sakate haiM :-1 1. kakSA meM bAlakoM dvArA pUche gaye praznoM ke prati cAhe ve prazna kitane hI asAmAnya kyoM na hoM adhyApaka kA rukha AdarapUrNa honA cAhie kyoMki prazna hI vaha mAdhyama hai jisake dvArA bAlaka apane aprakaTa ko prakaTa karatA hai| 2. bAlakoM dvArA kakSA meM vyakta kie gae vicAroM ko protsAhita karanA caahie| 3. bAlakoM ko yaha anubhUti pradAna karanI cAhie ki unake dvArA pUche gae prazna athavA vyakta kie gae vicAra adhyApaka kI dRSTi meM mUlyavAna haiN| 4. sRjanAtmakatA yogyatA ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka kriyAkalApa tatkAla mUlyAMkanIya nahIM hote ata: aise kriyAkalApoM ke lie paryApta samaya denA caahie| 5. mUlyAMkana meM kAraNa evaM pariNAma ko saMyukta karake dekhA jAnA caahie| sRjanAtmakatA se sambaddha viparIta vicAradhArA kalyANakArI evaM lAbhaprada hone ke sAtha-sAtha kabhI-kabhI bhayaMkara bhI ho sakatI hai ataH isa dizA meM Avazyaka nirIkSaNa, nirdezana evaM parAmarza kI AvazyakatA hai / harabarTa je0 klAsameyara ne isa sambandha meM nimnAMkita siddhAnta nirUpita kie haiM :-2 1. vibhinna sAdhanoM ke mAdhyama se maulika abhivyakti ko protsAhita karanA / 2. samarUpatA ke sthAna para namyatA (anAgraha) ko protsAhita karanA / 3. sRjanAtmakatA ko pradarzita karane ke lie Avazyaka samaya denA / 4. chAtroM kI utpAdana-kSamatA ko protsAhita krnaa| hindI zikSaNa meM sRjanAtmakatA sRjanAtmakatA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se anya viSayoM kI tulanA meM bhASA adhyApaka kadAcit adhika lAbhaprada sthiti meM hai| bhASA zikSaka yadi apane kakSA-zikSaNa meM jAgarUka rahe to vaha nizcaya hI hara stara para apane chAtroM meM sRjanAtmakatA ke vikAsa hetu mahattvapUrNa kArya kara sakatA hai| isake lie Avazyaka hogA ki : 1. kakSA kA vAtAvaraNa prajAtAntrika ho / 2. adhyApaka svayaM sRjanAtmakatAsampanna ho / 3. chAtroM ke aTapaTe evaM asaMgata uttaroM ke prati dhairya kA paricaya de| 4. ucca sRjanAtmakatA-sampanna bAlakoM ko vizeSa nirdezana dene ko prastuta rhe| 5. vidyAlaya-vAtAvaraNa meM bhI sRjanAtmakatA ko sthAna mile| 6. pradhAnAdhyApaka tathA anya adhyApaka bandhuoM kA sahayoga prApta ho| 7. anubhavoM kI vividhatA ke lie avasara juTAe jAveM / 2 Torrance, E. P.: Rewarding Creative Behaviour, N. J. Prentice Hall Inc. Eoglewood Cliffs, 1965. Sharma, S. (Dr.): Hindi Shikshan men Srijanatmak Datta Karya'- A workshop ReportDeptt. of Extension Services, V. B. Teachers' College Udaipur, Rajasthan 1975.
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________________ 42 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : tRtIya khaNDa 8. daNDa ke sthAna para puraskAra kI nIti kA anusaraNa kiyA jaae| 9. dAyitva nibhAne ke bajAya dAItva nibhAne kA rukha apanAyA jaave| sRjanAtmaka abhivyakti vikAsa ke katipaya abhyAsa kArya 1. zIrSaka denA, die hue zIrSaka meM parivartana sujhAnA / 2. saMkSiptIkaraNa evaM vistRtIkaraNa / / 3. vidhA-parivartana (nATaka se kahAnI, kahAnI se nATaka, kavitA se kahAnI, kahAnI se kavitA Adi ) / 4. nae-nae upamA, rUpaka Adi / 5. apUrNa kathA ko pUrNa karavAnA / 6. samasyAmUlaka prazna (vizeSa paristhiti meM anubhuuti)| 7. kalpanAparaka prazna (asaMbhava saMbhAvanAoM se yukt)| 8. zabdoM ke khela (choTI kakSAoM meM) Adi / uparyukta vivecana ke prakAza meM aba katipaya udAharaNoM dvArA hama yaha dekhane kA prayAsa kareMge ki hindI-zikSaNa ke samaya chAtroM meM sRjanAtmakatA kA vikAsa kaise kiyA jAya ? prAthamika kakSAoM meM (kakSA 3 ke udAharaNa) kakSA 3 meM prAyaH bAlakoM ko likhakara tathA bolakara apanI bhAvAbhivyakti karane kI kuzalatA kA yatkiMcit vikAsa ho jAtA hai ataH hama isI kakSA kI pAThya-pustaka se kucha udAharaNoM para vicAra kareMge1. 'jo maiM kahIM megha bana jAtA'-kavitA Apa baccoM ko par3hA cuke haiN| aba isI AdhAra para 'jo maiM kahIM phUla bana jAtA' zIrSaka para vicAra kiijie| 2. aise adhika se adhika zabda likhie jisake anta meM "tA" AtA ho / 3. aise adhika se adhika vAkya banAiye jinameM nimnAMkita zabda-samUhoM kA upayoga hotA ho(a) A~dhI-ole-varSA (i) pAnI-bA~dha-siMcAI (A) bAdala-bijalI-nadI (I) daza-hita-sukha ucca prAthamika kakSAoM meM (kakSA 7 evaM 8 ke udAharaNa) nibandha (kAlpanika zIrSaka) . (a) yadi per3a-paudhe bolane lgeN| (i) yadi sUrya hamezA ke lie asta ho jaae| (A) yadi makAna calane-phirane lge| (I) yadi Apake par3hane kI bheja bolane lge| kahAnI (a) dI huI rUpa-rekhA ke AdhAra para kahAnI kA vikAsa / (A) adhUrI kahAnI ko pUrA krnaa| vidhA rUpAntaraNa (a) 'naMge paira' kahAnI ko ekAMkI ke rUpa meM likhie| (kahAnI se ekAMkI) (A) 'adbhuta balidAna' ekAMkI ko kahAnI ke rUpa meM likhie / (kahAnI se ekAMkI) (i) "pUjana' kavitA ko saMvAda ke rUpa meM likhie| (kavitA se ekAMkI) (I) vIra jananI ke hRdayodgAra' zIrSaka lekha ko ekAMkI ke rUpa meM likhie / (lekha se ekAMkI)
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________________ zikSA meM sRjanAtmakatA -. .-.-.-. -. -. -.-.- -. -.-. -.-.-. -. -.- .. nAdhyamika kakSAeM (kakSA 6 ke udAharaNa) 1. yadi tAjamahala kI nIMva meM par3A huA koI patthara bolane lge| (nIMva kI IMTa) 2. yadi baMzIdhara paMDita alopIdIna se rizvata le letA to kahAnI kA anta kisa prakAra hotA ? (namaka kA daarogaa)| 3. 'namaka kA dArogA' zIrSaka ke sthAna para koI anya zIrSaka sujhAiye / (namaka kA dArogA) 4. jaba dIpAvalI kA tyauhAra AtA hai| 5. 'dIpAvalI ke dIe' kI AtmakathA / 6. "bhulakkar3a bhAI sAhaba' kI taraha 'phakkar3a bhAI sAhaba' zIrSaka para eka lekha likhiye / 7. zrI revatadAna kalpita ne varSA kI upamA bInaNI (dulhana) se dI hai| Apa varSA ke lie aura kauna-kauna sI upamAe~ sujhA sakate haiM ? 8. 'maratu pyAsa piMjarA paryo suA samaya ke phera / ' paMkti ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue batAiye ki yadi piMjare ___ meM banda totA bola pAtA to apanI vyathA-kathA kisa prakAra sunAtA ? 6. 'kaikeyI kA pazcAttApa' zIrSaka kavitA meM kavi ne kaikeyI dvArA rAma ke samakSa usakA pazcAttApa prakaTa karavAyA hai / yadi dazaratha usa samaya jIvita hote aura unheM bhI apanA pazcAttApa prakaTa karanA hotA to ve kina zabdoM meM prakaTa karate ? 10. 'jasodA kahA~ lau kIjai kAni?'-pada meM sUradAsa ne gopiyoM dvArA yazodA ko kRSNa kI karatUtoM kA ulAhanA dilavAyA hai / yadi usa samaya kRSNa vahA~ upasthita hote to apanI saphAI kina zabdoM meM dete ? adhika se adhika muhAvare likhie tathA unakA svaracita vAkyoM meM prayoga kIjie(a) mu~ha se sambandhita (i) nAka se sambandhita (A) mUMcha se sambandhita (I) jAnavaroM se sambandhita uparyukta udAharaNoM meM vistArabhaya se bAnagI ke taura para kucha hI pAThyAMzoM para vicAra kiyA jA sakA hai kintu isI taraha anya pAThyAMzoM para sabhI adhyApaka bandhu svayaM vicAra kara sakate haiN| upasaMhAra / uparyukta paMktiyoM se spaSTa ho gayA hogA ki yadi hama apane dainandina zikSaNa meM jAgarUkatA kA paricaya deM to bAlakoM meM sRjanAtmakatA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se aparimita kArya kiyA jA sakatA hai| pAThya pustaka lekhakoM, sampAdakoM tathA prAznikoM ko bhI isa dRSTi se socanA chAtroM ke lie hitakara siddha ho sakatA hai| isameM koI do rAya nahIM ho sakatIM ki anubhavoM kI vividhatA yadi hama bhautika dharAtala para upalabdha na kara sakeM taba bhI vaicArika dharAtala para to aisA kiyA hI jA sakatA hai, kiyA hI jAnA caahie|