Shiksha ka Vartaman Swarup

Author(s): Suresh Sisodiya
Publisher: Z_Ashtdashi_012049.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/212008/1

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DaoN sureza sisediyA sAdhana banakara raha gaI hai| Aja zikSaka aura zikSArthI ke lie zikSA kA svarUpa kevala jIvikopArjana kA sAdhana banane mAtra taka sImita raha gayA hai| vartamAna pAThyakrama meM jo viSayavastu hai vaha bhI vyakti ko DaoNkTara, iMjIniyara, cArTarDa ekAunTenTa, prazAsanika adhikArI Adi kI zaikSaNika yogyatA arjita karAne taka sImita haiM kintu usa sampUrNa pAThyakrama meM naitika zikSA kA kahIM koI prAvadhAna nahIM hai| vartamAna zikSA paddhati ke mAdhyama se vidyArthI ko ucca zikSA dekara bhI hama eka sabhya, susaMskRta evaM zAntipriya samAja kI racanA nahIM kara sake haiN| skUlI zikSA kA svarUpa : baccA janma se lekara vidyAlaya stara taka jahA~ adhyayana karatA hai vahA~ kI sthiti yaha hai ki abhibhAvaka bacce ko skUla meM praveza dilAne aura usakI phIsa kI vyavasthA kara dene mAtra meM apanI jimmedArI kI itizrI mAna lete haiN| vaha kabhI yaha jAnane kI koziza hI nahIM karate haiM ki skUla meM baccA kina sAthiyoM kI saMgati meM rahatA hai, usake zikSaka use pustakIya jJAna ke atirikta koI naitika athavA cAritrika zikSA dete bhI haiM athavA zikSA kA vartamAna svarUpa nahIM? isI ke samAnAntara jaba hama isakI dUsarI ora dekhate hai to adhikAMza zikSakoM kA stara bhI Aja naitikatA aura cAritra vartamAna yuga ucca zikSA kI AdhArazilA para TikA huA hai| yaha samaya jJAna-vijJAna ke yuga ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| mAtra ke dharAtala para TIkA huA pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki zikSakoM ke 20vIM zatAbdI meM zikSA aura vijJAna ke kSetra meM jitanA vikAsa cayana kA AdhAra vartamAna meM naitika mUlyoM kI apekSA vidyAlayoM huA hai utanA vikAsa vigata sau varSoM meM nahIM huA hogA aura isa ke saMcAlakoM kI meharabAnI, pradhAnAdhyApaka kI cATukAritA aura gati ko dekhate hue kahA jA sakatA hai ki Ane vAle dasa varSoM rAjanIti ke prabhAva se hone lagA hai| pariNAma svarUpa jJAna aura meM jJAna aura vijJAna ke kSetra meM jo pragati honA sambhAvita hai, cAritra se zUnya kintu cATukAritA meM catura vyakti Aja zikSaka usakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| bacce ke janma lene ke sAtha varga ke rUpa meM apanI sevAeM de rahe haiN| ata: unase baccoM ke hI vartamAna meM abhibhAvaka usake AvAsa - bhojana se adhika caritra nirmANa kI vizeSa apekSAeM nahI rakhI jA sakatI haiN| mere ciMtita usakI zikSA ko lekara rahate haiN| prAcIna samaya meM zikSA lekhana kA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki sampUrNa zikSaka varga cAritra kA uddezya vyakti ke vyaktitva kA aura usameM sadguNoM kA zUnya hai kintu vyavahAra meM zikSakoM ko AcaraNa kI jo bahulatA vikAsa karanA rahA thA kintu vartamAna meM to zikSA ke mUla uddezya hama dekha rahe haiM usI AdhAra para merA yaha socanA hai anyathA se hI hama prAya: bhaTaka cuke haiN| Aja zikSA kA artha vyakti ko caritraniSTha aura jIvanadarzana zikSA ko samarpita zikSakoM kA jIvana aura jagata ke sambandha kI jAnakAriyA~ bhara denA mAtra raha sarvathA abhAva bhI samAja meM nahIM hai aise cunindA caritravAna gayA hai| prAcIna samaya meM zikSA ko jIvikopArjana ke sAdhana se zikSako ke kAraNa hI Aja bhI zikSakoM ko vandanIya evaM nahIM jor3A jAtA thA kintu Aja zikSA AjIvikA kA sAdhana pUjanIya mAnakara garimA pradAna kI jAtI hai kintu bahusaMkhyaka banakara raha gaI hai| tIvra gati se isakA vyavasAyIkaraNa huA hai zikSakoM ko apane jJAna ke sAtha hI svayaM meM cAritraguNoM ko ho rahA hai, isase aisA vidita hotA hai ki hama zikSA ke mUlabhUta vikasita karane kI Aja mahatI AvazyakatA hai| uddezyoM se hI bhaTaka rahe haiN| mahAvidyAlayI zikSA kA svarUpa : zikSA kA vartamAna svarupa : mahAvidyAlayI zikSA kA svarUpa to aura adhika vikRta vartamAna zikSA paddhati chAtroM ke naitika evaM cAritrika hotA jA rahA hai| adhikAMza mahAvidyAlayoM meM chAtra isalie nahIM vikAsa se saMdarbhita nahIM hokara mAtra usakI AjIvikA kA par3ha rahA hai ki use par3hAI pUrI kara saMskAravAna athavA cAritravAna 0 aSTadazI / 1110

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bananA hai usakA lakSya to yena-kena-prakAreNa DigrI prApta kara mahAvidyAlayoM tathA vividha takanIkI pAThyakramoM kI kara dI gaI AjIvikA se jor3A jA rahA hai| mahAvidyAlayoM meM muzkila se hai ki sAmAnya parivAra ke baccoM ke lie aisI zikSA grahaNa karanA pratidina 3-4 ghaNTe kA adhyayana hotA hai aura usameM hama kalpanA aba sahaja nahIM rahA hai| kareM ki vidyArthI jJAnavAna aura caritravAna banegA to hamArI ye samAja meM Aja bhI aise zikSA premI aura udAramanA vyakti kalpanA mAtra kalpanA hI hai yathArtha nhiiN| parIkSA pUrva prazna-patroM kA maujada haiM jo apane puruSArtha se arjita sampatti kA viniyojana bAjAra meM A jAnA, binA yogyatA aura viSaya kA jJAna prApta baccoM ko ucca zikSA aura naitika zikSA dene para karanA cAhate kiye hI zikSakoM ko rupaye dekara parIkSA uttIrNa kara lenA, rupaye haiN| AvazyakatA isa bAta hai ki hama vartamAna vikRta zikSA paddhati dekara pIeca.DI ke zodha prabandha taka likhavAnA, yaha saba zikSA se pare eka susaMskArita aura caritra nirmANa karane vAlI zikSA kA vikRta svarUpa hai jo vartamAna meM raktabIja kI taraha bar3ha rahA paddhati ko vikasita kareM aura tadanurUpa zikSaNa saMsthAnoM kI hai| hama saba isase bhalIbhAMti paricita haiN| honA to yaha cAhie ki sthApanA kreN| mahAvidyAlaya stara kI zikSA arjita karane ke pazcAt vidyArthI pratibhA palAyana kI samasyA : ke cehare se hI chalakanA cAhie ki vaha kitanA jJAnavAna aura kriyAvAna hai kintu Aja aisA kucha dikhAI nahIM detaa| ata: hameM hamAre deza meM pratibhAoM kI koI kamI nahIM hai| hama apane zikSA ke vartamAna svarUpa ke sAtha naitika zikSA ko jor3ane kA cahuMora dRSTipAta kareM to jJAta hotA hai ki hamAre kaI pratibhAvAna upakrama avazya karanA caahie| vidyArthI jo Aja yahA~ zikSA ke kSetra meM kIrtimAna sthApita kiye hue hai, videzoM meM unakI yogyatA kI parakha karate hue turanta hI zikSA kA vyavasAyIkaraNa : unheM moTI rakama dekara apane yahAM sevA dene hetu niyukta kara prAcIna samaya meM zikSA kabhI bhI Aya kA srota nahIM rhii| liyA jAtA hai isa prakAra pratibhA palAyana ko rokanA hamAre liye zikSaNa saMsthAnoM kI sthApanA cAhe kisI vyakti ne kI, kisI atyanta Avazyaka hai| isake lie AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai samAja ne kI athavA zAsana kI ora se kI gaI ho, sabhI usameM ki una pratibhAoM ko unakI pratibhA ke anurUpa kArya karane kA zaikSaNika gatividhiyoM ke lie dhana kA vyaya karate the| dhanADhya tividhiyA ke lie dhana kA vyaya karate th| dhanADhya samucita avasara yahAM apane deza meM deN| yadi aisA hotA hai to vyakti athavA sampanna samAja apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke hamArI pratibhAoM ke mAdhyama se nirmita takanIkI jisako hama pazcAt racanAtmaka kAryoM meM dhana kharca karane ke lie zikSA dAna videzoM se AyAtita karate haiM vaha nahIM karanI paDegI aura hama ko ucita mAdhyama mAnate the aura isI kAraNa jagaha-jagaha skUloM, apanI hI pratibhAoM se takanIkI kSetra meM bhI guNavattA ke mApadaNDa mahAvidyAlayoM, dhArmika pAThazAlAoM, vividha zodha saMsthAnoM Adi mika pAThazAlAoM, vividha zodha saMsthAnoM Adi prApta kara deza kI samRddhi aura vikAsa meM sahayogI bana skeNge| kI sthApanA unake dvArA kI jAtI thI aura binA artha lAbha ke prAcIna samaya meM vyakti AdhyAtmika aura naitika zikSA hamezA apanI ora se kucha na kucha dhana usameM viniyojita karane grahaNa karatA thA aura vaha zikSA use apane dharmAcArya se binA kucha kI hI unakI bhAvanA rahatI thii| zAsana ke Aya ke srota anya dhana vyaya kiye sahaja hI prApta ho jAtI thI kintu vartamAna the kintu zikSA kabhI bhI zAsana kI Aya kA srota nahIM thI, vyAvahArika zikSA jisakA sIdhA saMbaMdha vyakti ko rojagAra vartamAna meM paristhitiyA~ sarvathA isake pratikUla dikhAI detI haiN| dilAne se hai binA dhana ke vyaya kiye prApta nahIM ho sktii| Aja pahale udAramanA dAnI mahAnubhAva zikSaNa saMsthAnoM kI sthApanA guru aura ziSya ke bIca jo sambandha haiM usameM Adara kA bhAva karate the Aja udyogapati zikSaNa saMsthAnoM kI sthApanA kara rahe prAya: lupta ho cukA hai kyoMki ina donoM ke bIca par3hane aura par3hAne haiN| pUMjIpatiyoM ko Aja zikSA sabase bar3A udyoga dikhAI de rahA ke lie rAzi ko lekara saudebAjI hotI hai aura jahA~ rAzi ko hai| ve alpa samaya meM jitanI dhana sampadA anya udyogoM se arjita lekara saudebAjI hotI ho vahAM koI guru yaha apekSA kare ki nahIM kara sakate usase adhika dhana-sampadA arjita karane kA ziSya mujhe Adara aura sammAna degA to yaha usakI bhUla hai kyoMki mAdhyama unhoMne zikSA saMsthAnoM kI sthApanA kara udyoga ke rUpa meM guru ko Adara aura sammAna usa kAla meM diyA jAtA thA jaba usakA saMcAlana kara sampatti arjana karanA banA rakhA hai| gurukula paddhati thii| vidyArthI Azrama meM rahakara apane guru se zAsana dvArA bhI pUrva meM zikSA, cikitsA Adi para dhana niHzulka zikSA arjita karatA thaa| vartamAna meM guru-ziSya vyaya kiyA jAtA thA kintu Aja zAsana ne bhI zikSA ko sampatti sambandhoM meM jo girAvaTa AI hai usake liye vartamAna zikSaNa arjana kA mAdhyama banA liyA hai aura itanI U~cI phIsa skUloM, 0 aSTadazI / 1120

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paddhati aura zikSA ko jIvikopArjana kA sAdhana mAnanA donoM hI ke apekSita lakSya prApta kiye jA sakate haiN| pratibhA palAyana aura samAna rUpa se jimmedAra haiN| guru-ziSya kI carcA karate hue jaina zikSA ke vyAvasAyIkaraNa ko rokane ke lie hameM imAnadArI sAhitya meM kahA gayA hai ki nAnA prakAra ke pariSahoM ko sahana pUrvaka prayAsa karane hoMge tabhI hama eka sabhya, susaMskRta aura karane vAle, lAbha-hAni meM sukha-du:kha rahita rahane vAle, alpa naitika samAja kI racanA kara skeNge| icchA meM saMtuSTa rahane vAle, Rddhi ke abhimAna se rahita, usa sahanidezaka, prakAra sevA suzruSA meM sahaja tathA guru kI prasaMzA karane vAle aise Agama-ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura (rAja) hI vividha guNoM se sampanna ziSya kI kuzalajana prazaMsA karate haiN| samasta ahaMkAroM ko naSTa karake jo zikSita hotA usake bahuta ziSya hote haiM kintu kuziSya ke koI bhI ziSya nahIM hote| zikSA kise dI jAe isa sambandha meM jaina sAhitya meM kahA gayA hai ki kisI ziSya meM saikar3oM dUsare guNa kyoM na ho kintu usameM yadi vinaya guNa nahIM hai to aise putra ko bhI vAcanA nahIM dI jAe phira guNa vihIna ziSya ko to kyA? arthAt use to vAcanA dI hI nahIM jA sktii| candravedhyaka prakIrNaka meM jJAna guNa kI carcA karate hue jo vivecana kiyA gayA hai vaha dRSTavya hai| vahAM gayA hai ki ve puruSa dhanya haiM jo jinendra bhagavAna dvArA upadiSTa ativiziSTa jJAna ko jAnane hetu samartha nahIM hai phira bhI jo cAritra se sampanna hai vastuta: ve hI jJAnI haiN| (gAthA 68) jJAna se rahita kriyA aura kriyA se rahita jJAna tArane vAlA arthAt sArthaka nahIM hotA jabaki kriyA meM sthira rahA huA jJAnI saMsArarUpI bhavasamudra ko taira jAtA hai (gAthA 73) / Age yaha bhI kahA hai ki jisa prakAra zastra se rahita yoddhA aura yoddhA se rahita zastra nirarthaka hotA hai usI prakAra jJAna se rahita kriyA aura kriyA se rahita jJAna nirarthaka hotA hai (gAthA 75) / samyak cAritra kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki samyak darzana se rahita vyakti ko samayk jJAna nahIM hotA hai aura samyak jJAna se rahita vyakti ko samyak cAritra nahIM hotA hai tathA samyak cAritra se rahita vyakti kA nirvANa nahIM hotA hai (gAthA 76) / isa prakAra jaina sAhitya meM vyakti kI yogyatA kA mApadaNDa usake jIvana mUlyoM meM naitikatA aura sadAcAra se rahA hai jisakI Aja mahatI AvazyakatA hai| jaina zAstroM meM varNita guru-ziSyoM kA yaha sambandha ucca naitikatA ke dharAtala para AdhArita hai Aja na to aise guru upalabdha haiM aura na hI aise shissy| samAja aura zAsana ko isa dizA meM ImAnadArI pUrvaka prayAsa karane cAhiye ki baccoM ko vyAvahArika zikSA ke sAtha hI naitika zikSA bhI dene kI vyavasthA kI jaaye| niSThAvAna zikSakoM kA sammAna bhI garimA ke sAtha kiyA jAye aura samAja meM unheM Arthika samRddhi upalabdha karAte hue ucca sthAna pradAna kiyA jAye to zikSA ke svarUpa meM sudhAra 0 aSTadazI / 1130