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________________ zikSA kA uddezya 0 DaoN0 prabhu zarmA (ka0 vyAkhyAtA, hindI, rA0 u0 mA0 vidyAlaya, AmeTa, udayapura) kisI bhI kArya ke uddezyoM meM samaya aura paristhiti ke anusAra parivartana hotA rahatA hai| zikSA ko bhI isakA apavAda nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isameM bhI samaya, sthAna evaM paristhitiyoM ke anurUpa parivartana hue haiN| prAcIna bhArata meM zikSA kA uddezya manuSya kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa rahA hai| yUnAnI dArzanikoM ne zikSA ke antargata naitika, sAmAjika aura bauddhika uddezyoM para bala diyA hai| prAcIna roma meM zikSA kA uddezya rAjya kA kalyANa rahA hai| madhyakAlIna yoropa meM zikSA kA uddezya mRtyu ke bAda jIvana kI taiyArI rahA hai| isake viparIta Adhunika yUropa zikSA ke isa uddezya meM tanika vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| paratantra bhArata meM maikAle ne zikSA kA uddezya rAjya ke sevaka kA nirmANa banA diyA thaa| uddezyoM meM parivartana samAja vizeSa kI AvazyakatAoM ke anurUpa hotA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya samAja meM kSatriya varNa se sadaiva rakSA kI apekSA kI gaI hai-'kSatAtkila trAyata ityudana kSatrasya zabdo bhuvaneSu rUr3ha:' (rghuvNsh)| ataH kSatriyoM kA samasta jIvana-darzana hI yuddhamaNDita rahA hai aura tadanurUpa hI unakI zikSA vyavasthA rahI hai jisameM zastra-saMcAlana ko pramukhatA prApta thii| isI prakAra brAhmaNoM kI zikSA meM bhI dharma kI vyAkhyA hetu veda evaM purANoM ke adhyayana para bala diyA jAtA rahA hai| sAmAjika AvazyakatA ke anurUpa zikSA ke parivartana ko samajhane hetu amerikA kA udAharaNa denA ucita rhegaa| prathama vizvayuddha ke samaya thyoDora rUjavelTa (Theodore Roosevelt) ne zikSA ke uddezya batAye the-zArIrika, mAnasika, cAritrika, AdhyAtmika aura naitika prazikSaNa denA; jabaki vartamAna meM vahAM zikSA kA uddezya hai--vyakti ke vyaktitva ko vikasita karanA, use avakAza kA sadupayoga karane ke lie taiyAra karanA aura use bhAvI nAgarika aura utpAdaka banAnA / zikSA samAja kI AdhArazilA hai ataH zikSA kA aucitya tabhI hai jabaki usake uddezya samAja ke anukUla hoN| sAmAjika anukUlatA se tAtparya yahI hai ki vaha samAja ke 'sad' evaM 'sampanna' pakSa ko yathAvat athavA use zreSThatara banAte hue 'asad' evaM 'vipanna' yA abhAva pakSa ko sad evaM sampanna meM parivartita karane kA prayAsa kare / prAcIna AdarzoM ko prastuta karanA evaM vartamAna samAja ke anurUpa unakI zikSA pradAna karanA samAja ke sad pakSa ko banAye rakhane vAlA pahala hai jabaki naitika zikSA denA samAja meM vyApta asad pakSa ko sad meM parivartita karane kA prayAsa hai| sad evaM asad ke samAnAntara hI hai-sampannatA evaM vipannatA kA pahalU / yaha pahalU bhautika pakSa se sambaddha hai| isake anusAra zikSA kA uddezya hogA-samAja-vizeSa kI sampannatA ko banAye hue athavA usakI sampannatA meM vRddhi karate hue usake abhAva yA vipannatA ko kama karane kA prayAsa krnaa| dUsare rUpa meM ina pakSoM ko saMskRti evaM sabhyatA ke pakSa se bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai--sad ko banAye rakhanA athavA zreSThatara banAnA saMskRti-pakSa hai; jabaki bhautika dRSTi se sampannatA kA pakSa sabhyatA-pakSa hai / vastutaH saMskRti aura sabhyatA manuSya ke antaH aura bAhya pahalU haiN| ata: sabhyatA vaha cIja hai jo hamAre pAsa hai aura saMskRti vaha guNa hai jo hamameM vyApta hai| samaya evaM paristhiti ke anurUpa sad kA grahaNa aura asad kA parityAga hI saMskRti kA niyama rahA hai / ata: saMskRti vaha sUkSma parivartanazIla prakriyA hai jo yugIna sarvo
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________________ kRSTa tatvoM ko grahaNa kara atirikta evaM anapekSita tatvoM ko svAgatI huI nirantara sambarddhanazIla rahatI hai| zikSA meM bhI yahI prakriyA honI cAhie--sAra sAra kI mahi lahe, thothA dehi udAya' arthAtsa kA grahaNa evaM asad kA pari tyAga / samAja vizeSa kI bhautika paristhitiyoM ke anurUpa usakI sampannatA ko banAye rakhanA evaM vipannatA athavA abhAva ko kama karane kA uddezya bhautika pakSa hai jise sabhyatA-pakSa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / isameM samAja vizeSa kI praudyogika pragati, Arthika dazAe~ Adi bindu sannihita haiM / saMskRti-pakSa sArvabhaumika mUlyoM evaM AdarzoM ko lekara calatA hai jisameM vyakti ke sAmAnya vikAsa, usakI saMskRti kI surakSA evaM pragati para bala hotA hai| ataH ise Adarza AdhAra bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| sabhyatA yA bhautika pakSa meM sArvabhaumika AdhAra na hokara samAja - vizeSa kI bhautika paristhitiyoM kA AdhAra hotA hai| samAja - vizeSa kI vastusthiti para AdhArita hone se ise yathArthavAdI AdhAra bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| bhArata dharma-pradhAna deza rahA hai| yahA~ bhautikatA kI apekSA AdhyAtmikatA ko hI adhika bala milA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki bhArata kA bhautika pakSa durvala rahA hai| yadi aisA hotA to bhArata kabhI 'sone kI cir3iyA' nahIM hotA / kintu bhautika pakSa para bhI niyantraNa AdhyAtmika pakSa kA hI rahA hai / ataH yahA~ kI zikSA meM cAritrika guNoM ke vikAsa para hI adhika bala diyA gayA hai| dharma kA anusaraNa aura tadanurUpa jIvana-yApana hI lakSya rahA hai| bhAratIya samAja meM jIvana ko vyavasthita karane hetu Azrama vyavasthA evaM samAja ko vyavasthita karane hetu varNa vyavasthA thii| samAja ke vibhinna varNoM evaM jIvana kI vividha avasthAoM kA sundara sAmaMjasya varNa evaM Azrama vyavasthA ke rUpa meM thA / kintu Aja kA bhArata prAcIna bhArata se bahuta kucha badalA huA hai ataH Aja ke yuga meM varNa evaM Azrama vyavasthA kalpanA ke bindu haiN| samAja evaM samaya ke parivartana ke anusAra yaha avazyaMbhAvI hI thA / purAtana evaM navIna kA saMgharSa eka zAzvata tathya hai / yadyapi bhArata meM purAtana kA Agraha adhika rahA hai kintu vartamAna bhArata meM vaha Agraha bhI zithila par3a gayA hai| eka lambI avadhi se purAtana ke Agraha meM simaTe bhAratIya yuvaka ko pAzcAtya samAja evaM saMskRti kI vaicArika aura AcArika svatantratA na kevala prabhAvita karatI hai varan unheM vaha Adarza sI jAna par3atI hai / phalataH pAzcAtya bhautika cakAcauMdha se prabhAvita taruNa varga ko bhAratIya purAtana vyartha lagatA hai aura vaha usakI sahaja upekSA kara detA hai / kisI deza kA isase bar3hakara kyA durbhAgya hogA ki usake yuvaka ke vyaktitva kA nirmANa videzI saMskAroM se hI zikSA ke uddezya svatantratA prApti ke pazcAt bhArata meM bhautika sampannatA ko bar3hAne hetu to prayAsa hue para vaicArika yA Atmika kSetra meM apekSita pragati nahIM huI / bhAratIya purAtana meM se vartamAna samAja kI dRSTi se atirikta evaM anapekSita mAnyatAoM, rUr3hiyoM aura vyavasthAoM ko haTAyA to gayA para inake sthAna para pUraka kI pratiSThA nahIM ho pAyI hai / isase bhautika aura vaicArika kSetra meM atyadhika asuntalana ho gayA / spaSTa hai ki yaha asantulana vaicArika yA Atmika pakSa ke abhAva se hai| isI se jIvana meM nirAzA aura asantoSa vyApta ho gayA / 1 zikSA ke sammukha sAMskRtika aura bhautika donoM hI pakSa haiM bhArata kA atIta sAMskRtika pratimA se sadaiva gauravAnvita rahA hai| vartamAna meM vaha pratibhA pAzvAtya bhautika cakabadha se vilIna hotI jA rahI hai| dUsarI ora Adhunika bhautika yuga meM bhArata ko bhI apanI bhautika pragati karanI hai| sAMskRtika pakSa ke antargata prAcIna Ada yA vaicArika mUlyoM ko vartamAna samAja ke anurUpa tathA bhautika pakSa ko vartamAna saMsAra ke anurUpa DhAlanA hai| saMkSepa meM bhAratIya zikSA ko atItakAlIna sAMskRtika garimAyukta bhArata aura bartamAna bhautikatA ke carama kI ora agre sita saMsAra ke madhya setubandhana karanA hai, unakA sAmaMjasya karanA hai| yahI bhAratIya zikSA kA uddezya honA caahie| prasiddha zikSAzAstrI humAyUM kabIra ke vicAra bhI isa sambandha meM draSTavya hai 'bhArata meM zikSA ke dvArA lokatantrIya cetanA, vaijJAnika khoja aura dArzanika sahiSNutA kA nirmANa kiyA jAnA cAhiye / kevala tabhI hama una paramparAoM ke ucita uttarAdhikArI hoMge jinakA nirmANa deza ke atIta meM huA hai| kevala tabhI hama usa Adhunika virAsata meM apanA bhAga pAne ke adhikArI hoMge, jo vizva ke samasta rASTroM kI virAsata .
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________________ 8 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : tRtIya khaNDa Doraese. ................................................ ko eka karane kA prayatta karatI hai|" zikSA Ayoga ke prativedana meM bhI isI tathya kI puSTi hai-'bhArata meM vijJAna tathA AtmA sambandhI mUlyoM ko nikaTa evaM saMgati meM lAne kA prayAsa karanA cAhie tathA anta meM jAkara eka aise samAja ke udaya ke lie mArga taiyAra karanA cAhie jo sampUrNa mAnava AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karegA, na ki usake vyaktitva ke kisI khaNDa vizeSa kii|" mAtra bhautika unnati usa puSpa kI bhAMti hai jo sundara to hai para gandharahita hai| usakI pUrNatA ke lie sundaratA evaM gandha donoM hI anivArya haiN| ata: bhautika aura Atmika unnati kramaza: puSpa aura usakI gandha kI bhA~ti hai jo ki milakara hI pUrNatA ko prApta hotI hai| zikSA meM isI bhautika aura Atmika saMtulana ko banAye rakhanA hai| zastrAstroM kA nirmANa karane vAle mAnava kI AtmA meM bhI ahiMsA, karuNA aura mAnava-prema kI saritA pravAhita honI cAhie aura Atmonnati meM lIna mAnasa meM bhI bhautika unnati ke prati upekSA kA abhAva / DaoN0 esa0 rAdhAkRSNana ke zabdoM meM--- "vijJAna aura praudyogikI ke isa yuga meM hameM yaha yAda rakhanA cAhie ki jIvana kA vRkSa, lohe ke DhA~ce se bilkula bhinna hai| yadi hama vijJAna aura praudyogikI kA prayoga karake nirdhanatA ko dUra karanA cAhate haiM to lalita kalAoM dvArA mastiSka kI hInatA ko bhI dUra kiyA jAnA caahie| kevala bhautika daridratA hI duHkha kA kAraNa nahIM hai| hameM samAja ke zaktizAlI hitoM ko hI nahIM varan mAnava-hitoM ko bhI santuSTa karanA cAhie, saundaryAtmaka aura AdhyAtmika utkarSa pUrNa mAnava ke nirmANa meM yoga detA hai|" yaha apekSA kI jAtI rahI hai ki zikSA vyaktiyoM ko samAja ke racanAtmaka sadasyoM ke rUpa meM taiyAra kre| mAdhyamika zikSA borDa ne bhI isI tathya ko spaSTa kiyA hai-zikSA-vyavasthA ko AdatoM, dRSTikoNoM aura caritra ke guNoM ke vikAsa meM yoga denA par3egA jisase ki nAgarika janatantrIya nAgarikatA ke dAyitvoM kA yogyatA se nirvAha kara sakeM aura una dhvaMsAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA virodha kara sakeM, jo rASTrIya dharma nirapekSa dRSTikoNa ke vikAsa meM bAdhaka hai| Aja chAtra varga meM dhvaMsAtmaka pravRtti phailI huI hai| apane asantoSa tathA bhAvI jIvana ke prati hatAzA Adi se prerita ho chAtra dhvaMsAtmaka pravRttiyA~ apanAte haiN| isakA kAraNa Atmika vikAsa kA abhAva, AtmA kI nirbalatA, vivekahInatA Adi haiN| pleTo ke anusAra viveka kA tiraskAra karane kI pravRtti manuSya kA sabase durbhAgyapUrNa abhizApa hai| lekina bhAratIya yuvA varga isI abhizApa se grasta hai| chAtra viSayagata jJAna to prApta kara lete haiM arthAt bhautika jJAna to prApta kara lete haiM para Atmika utthAna nahIM kara pAte / kyoM nahIM kara pAte ? kyoMki unake pAThyakrama meM aisA kucha nahIM hai| unake vAtAvaraNa meM aisA kucha nahI hai| injIniyara Adi kI zikSA kA mana eva AtmA se koI sambandha nahIM hai / mAtra viSayagata jJAna prApta karate-karate usakI bhautika bhUkha itanI bar3ha jAtI hai ki mAnavIyatA ke mUlya usakI kalpanA meM bhI nahIM Ate, 'bubhukSitaH kiM na karoti paapm|' yahI kAraNa hai ki acchI naukariyA~ nahIM mila pAtI haiM to asantuSTa chAtroM dvArA vizvavidyAlayoM kI imAratoM para patthara pheMke jAte haiM, zIze phor3e jAte haiM, kAreM jalAI jAtI haiM, bAjAra banda kiye jAte haiM, har3atAla kI jAtI haiN| mAtra viSayagata jJAna ko prApta kiye una chAtroM ke mAnasa meM yaha tathya kaise ubhare ki bAjAra banda se una majadUroM kA kyA hogA jo Aja dina bhara bAjAra meM idhara-udhara mAla Dhokara usase prApta majadUrI se zAma ko peTa bhareMge, nahIM to unheM bhUkhA hI sonA pdd'egaa| kulphI becane vAle kI sArI kamAI mArI jaaygii| bhautika unnati se AkarSita ho kAra kharIdane kI lAlasA rakhane vAle DAkTara se kaise apekSA kI jA sakatI hai ki vaha garIboM se kama phIsa le / Aja ke yuga meM vyakti meM mAnavIya guNoM ke hone para Azcarya hotA hai, nahIM hone para koI asAmAnya bAta nhiiN| Aja kA vAtAvaraNa to bhautika lobha ke nau nahIM hajAroM dvAroM kA pIjarA banA huA hai jinameM mAnavIya guNoMrUpI pavana-pakSI ke rahibe ko acaraja hai, gaye acaMbhA kauna' ? mAnavIya mUlyo ke samAja se vighaTana ke aneka pakSa ho sakate haiM para zikSA meM ina tattvoM kA samucita samAveza na honA eka pramukha kAraNa hai / isake abhAva meM chAtra yadi vidhvaMsAtmaka dRSTikoNa apanAtA hai to usakA koI doSa nhiiN| zikSA ko DAkTara kI pratimAeM nahIM gar3hanI hai unameM mAnava-pIr3AoM se spandita AtmA kA bhI praveza karAnA hai| pratibhAoM rUpI puSpoM ko mAnavIya guNoM rUpI sugandha se yukta karanA hai|