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________________ -. -. - . - . - . - . - . - . - . - . -. -. -. -. zikSA evaM sAmAjika parivartana - zrI bhavAnIzaMkara garga (AcArya, janatA kAleja, Daboka, evaM kulapramukha, rAjasthAna vidyApITha, udayapura) suSTi kI racanA ke sAtha hI samAja ke kramika vikAsa meM mAnava kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| vyakti ke binA samAja kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI aura na hI samAja ke binA vyakti kA vikAsa hI saMbhava hai| Adi-mAnava se lekara Aja taka ke Adhunika samAja kA vikAsa vibhinna kSetroM, prAntoM evaM rASTroM meM vibhinna kAraNoM, bhaugolika tathA anya dezakAla aura paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa alaga-alaga saMskRtiyoM evaM sabhyatAoM ke vikAsa ke rUpa meM huA hai| saMskRti yadi samAja kI AtmA hai to sabhyatA usakA vyAvahArika AcaraNa hai| mAnava kI jijJAsA, nirantara sIkhane kI pravRtti tathA anavarata prayogoM ke kAraNa Aja vizva vijJAna, kalA, sAhitya, sAmAjika jIvana, takanIkI jJAna tathA rahane-sahane ke uccatama zikhara para pahu~ca gayA hai tathA aura Age bar3hane ke anavarata prayatna cala rahe haiN| ina nirantara hone vAle parivartanoM ke kAraNa Aja kA mAnava AdimAnava se bilkula bhinna hai| parivartana ke isa krama meM zikSA kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| vizva kI aneka saMskRtiyoM evaM sabhyatAoM meM bhAratIya saMskRti prAcInatama mAnI gaI hai| bhArata jaise vizAla deza meM jahA~ khAna-pAna, rahana-sahana, bola-cAla, rIti-rivAja Adi kSetrIyatA ke AdhAra para bilkula bhinna hai, vahA~ deza kI bhAvAtmaka, sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika ekatA Aja bhI akSuNNa hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa yahA~ kI prAcInatama sAMskRtika dharohara, zikSaNa kA AdhyAtmika AdhAra tathA sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika jIvana meM lacIlApana hai| sAmAjika parivartana ke isa krama meM zikSA kA bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| Adhunika yuga meM sAmAjika parivartana evaM zikSA ke paraspara sambandha kI bahuta carcA hotI rahatI hai| bhArata jaise vikAsazIla deza meM to yaha carcA aura bhI adhika mahatvapUrNa hai / sAmAjika parivartana kI pravRtti evaM vizeSatAoM kI jAnakArI kiye binA zikSA evaM sAmAjika parivartana kI jo carcA kI jAtI hai vaha prAyaH atyanta aspaSTa va chichalI hI rahatI hai| ata: isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama sAmAjika parivartana kI samAjazAstrIya vyAkhyA karanA Avazyaka hai| isake bAda hI usakA evaM zikSA kA pArasparika sambandha-vizleSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAmAjika parivartana samAjazAstrI kiMgasle Devina ke anusAra sAmAjika parivartana se kevala ve hI parivartana samajhe jAte haiM jo ki sAmAjika saMghaTana arthAt samAja ke DhAMce evaM kArya meM ghaTita hote haiN| anya samAjazAstriyoM kI paribhASAoM kA sAra yaha hai ki sAmAjika parivartana vaha sthiti hai jisameM samAja dvArA svIkRta sambandhoM, prakriyAoM, pratimAnoM aura saMsthAoM kA rUpa isa prakAra se parivartita ho jAtA hai ki usase punaH anukUlana karane kI samasyA utpanna ho jAtI hai| pratyeka samAjika parivartana meM tIna tatva avazya hI hote haiM-vastu, bhinnatA tathA samaya / yaha smaraNIya hai ki sAmAjika parivartana vAstava meM sAMskRtika parivartana kA eka bhAga hI hotA hai / kyoMki sAMskRtika parivartana meM saMskRti
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________________ 2 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha tRtIya khaNDa ke kisI bhI pakSa yA aMga meM yathA-- kalA, vijJAna, praudyogikI, darzana Adi meM parivartana va sAmAjika saMgaThana ke svarUpoM aura niyamoM meM hone vAle parivartana sammilita hote haiM / sAmAjika parivartana kI mahatvapUrNa vizeSatAyeM nIla je0 melasara ke anusAra sAmAjika parivartana kI mahatvapUrNa vizeSatAe~ nimna haiM 1. Adhunika samAjoM meM parivartana kI gati bahuta tIvra hotI hai / 2. parivartana eka krama hai / ve acAnaka ghaTita hone vAlI ghaTanAyeM nahIM haiM / 3. Adhunika parivartana se utpanna hone vAle prabhAva vizeSa rUpa se mahatvapUrNa mAne jAte haiN| 4. prAyaH Adhunika parivartana niyojita parivartana hote haiM / lekina yaha ho sakatA hai ki eka niyojita parivartana se kaI aura parivartana samAja meM A jAe~ jinakI pahale AtA bhI nahIM kI gayI ho / samAja meM usI anupAta se aura 5. sAmAjika vikAsa aura naI takanIkI prayoga ke bar3hane ke sAtha hI adhika sAmAjika parivartana hone lagate haiM / 6. sAmAjika parivartana se na kevala vyaktigata rUpa se vyakti prabhAvita hote haiM, apitu sampUrNa sAmAjika saMracanA tathA vyavasthA kI kArya paddhati meM parivartana A jAtA hai / sAmAjika parivartana kI pravRtti 1. sAmAjika parivartana kI bhaviSyavANI nahIM kI jA sakatI / koI nahIM kaha sakatA ki samAja meM kauna kauna se parivartana hoMge aura kaba-kaba ? 2. sAmAjika parivartana jaTila hote haiN| 3. sAmAjika parivartana anivArya rUpa se hone vAlI ghaTanA hai / 4. sAmAjika parivartana sArvabhaumika haiN| 5. sAmAjika parivartana kI gati tulanAtmaka hai| sAmAjika parivartana ke kaI kAraNa bhaugolika, jaivikIya, janasaMkhyAtmaka, praudyogika, sAMskRtika, manovaijJAnika, Arthika, yuddha aura krAnti Adi haiN| sAmAjika parivartana ke pAMca rUpa prakriyA, vikAsa, pragati sudhAra tathA krAnti ho sakate haiN| --- sAmAjika parivartana kA virodha sudhArakoM kA yaha anubhava rahA hai ki parivartana lAne ke lie sAdhana, kAryakartA juTAne va kArya karane se hI unheM saphalatA nahIM milatI, apitu unheM kaI konoM se virodha kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai / udAharaNArtha, sarakArI karmacArI, nyAyAlaya, dhArmika saMsthAe~, presa, samudAya ke netA unakA virodha kara sakate haiM aura ve parivartana ke sAmAjika niyantraNoM ke rUpa meM kArya kara sakate haiN| ve parivartana kI pravRtti va dizA ko bhI mor3a sakate hai prabhAva kI gati va mAtrA ko bhI badala sakate haiM / usake sAmAjika parivartana aura zikSA sAmAjika parivartana aura zikSA ke paraspara sambandhoM ko hama nimna rUpoM meM vizleSita kara sakate hai-(ka) kisI deza meM sAmAjika parivartana lAne ke lie anivArya zarta yA AvazyakatA ke rUpa meM zikSA (kha) kisI deza meM sAmAjika parivartana lAne ke sAdhana yA abhikartA ke rUpa meM zikSA / (ga) eka deza meM sAmAjika parivartana ke prabhAva ke rUpa meM zikSA / (gha) sAmAjika parivartana ke lie Avazyaka zarta ke rUpa meM zikSA /
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________________ zikSA evaM sAmAjika parivartana 3 ......................DIDDDDDDDDDDDDDO. zikSA ke samucita AdhAra yA prayAsa ke binA samAja meM sAmAjika parivartana lAnA kaTina ho jAtA hai| kaI vikAsonmukha dezoM meM yaha dekhane meM AyA hai ki vahA~ lagAye gaye kImatI va uccastarIya yantra, kala-kArakhAne aura anya utpAdana kendra vahA~ prAya: apanA lAbha pUrA nahIM de sakate haiN| kyoMki unake lie upalabdha hone vAle kAryakartAoM aura zramikoM meM yA to azikSA hI vyakta hotI hai athavA alp-shikssaa| hama yaha bhI dekha sakate haiM ki sAmAjika sudhAra ke kAryakrama bhI tabhI saphala ho sakate haiM jaba janatA meM zikSA kA koI na koI stara kAyama ho| bhArata meM aise kaI samAja sudhAra ke kAnUna banAye to gaye parantu unheM vAstavika rUpa meM zikSA ke abhAva ke kAraNa lAgU nahIM kiyA jA sakA yA samAja ne unheM svIkAra nahIM kiyA, jaise-zAradA ekTa, chUAchUta sambandhI kAnUna Adi / adhikatara bhAratIya grAmINa janatA azikSita hai aura vaha ina prayAsoM ke mahattva ko nahIM samajha sakI hai| isI prakAra svaccha jIvana, uttama svAsthya, tarkapUrNa cintana Adi ke vikAsa meM zikSA kA abhAva atyanta bAdhaka rahA hai| bhAratIya grAmINa kSetroM meM azikSita paMcoM, sarapaMcoM ne apanI azikSA ke phalasvarUpa sAmAjika parivartana kI prakriyA ko bahuta adhika sImA taka bAdhA pahu~cAI hai / bhAratIya samAja meM abhI taka anivArya ni:zulka zikSA pradAna karane kI vyavasthA na ho pAne ke kAraNa vAMchita sAmAjika parivartana nahIM ho pA rahA hai| zikSA sAmAjika parivartana ke abhikartA ke rUpa meM sAmAjika parivartana kA icchuka samAja kaI prakAra ke kArakoM, saMsthAoM, saMyantroM athavA abhikartAoM ko kAma meM lAtA hai| unameM se eka mahattvapUrNa saMyantra zikSA-vyavasthA hotI hai| yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki zikSA ke dvArA yogya evaM vizeSIkRta kAryakartA taiyAra kiye jA sakeMge jo ucca starIya zikSA saMsthAnoM, audyogika eva vyAvasAyika pratiSThAnoM tathA adhikArI tantra meM kArya kara skeNge| logoM meM naye sAmAjika mUlya vikasita kiye jA sakeMge tathA unako paramparAgata mUlyoM kI jakar3ana se chuTakArA dilavAnA sambhava hogA, logoM ke vyaktitvoM meM parAnubhUti, gatizIlatA, prabuddhatA tathA adhyavasAya kI Adhunika vizeSatAyeM utpanna kI jA sakeMgI tathA pichar3epana, saMkucitatA tathA ajJAna ko naSTa kiyA jA skegaa| zikSA ke dvArA logoM ke sAmAnya jJAna, jIvana stara, svacchatA, svAsthya, naitikatA tathA nava parivartana ke prati preraNA tathA jAgarUkatA ke staroM ko vikasita kiyA jA sakegA tathA sAmAjika vibhedIkaraNa yA staraNa tathA zoSaNa ko kama kiyA jA skegaa| uparyukta vicAra ke pakSa aura vipakSa meM kaI bAteM kahI jA sakatI haiN| yadyapi zikSA sAmAjika parivartana kA eka mahattvapUrNa sAdhana bana sakatI hai tathApi bhAratIya paristhitiyoM meM aneka jaTila kAraNoM ke phalasvarUpa aisA sAdhana banane meM pUrNa saphala nahIM ho pA rahI hai| sAmAjika parivartana ke pariNAma ke rUpa meM zikSA sAmAjika parivartana aura zikSA ke paraspara sambandha ko vizleSita karane kA tIsarA upakrama yaha ho sakatA hai ki zikSA ko gaThita ho cuke sAmAjika parivartana ke rUpa meM dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA jAya / bhAratIya samAja meM yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki gA~voM meM DAkakhAne, baiMka, sahakArI baika, dukAneM tathA zaharoM meM baiMka, suparamArkeTa, Ayakara vibhAga Adi anekAneka aupacArika va jaTila kAryAlaya khula gaye haiN| jinase apanA kAma nikalavAne hetu kaI prapatroM ko bharanA hotA hai, kaI niyamoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai tathA kaI anya aupacArikatAeM pUrI karanI hotI haiN| azikSitoM ko isameM kaI asuvidhAe~ hotI haiM / ata: unameM yaha bhAvanA utpanna hone lagI hai ki baccoM ko avazya par3hAnA cAhie, hama cAhe na par3ha sake hoN| zaharoM kA jIvana dekhakara, Adhunika jIvana kI lAlasA tathA naukariyA~ Adi prApta karane ke liye bhI par3hane ke prati pravRtti bar3hane lagI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki grAmINa samudAya kI sabhI jAtiyoM ke nirakSara loga apane baccoM ko par3hane bhejane lage haiN| pAThazAlA kI bhUmikA skUla kA kAryakSetra Aja ke sandarbha meM bahuta vistRta hai| saMsthAoM kA prabhAva samAja para par3atA hai tathA samAja bhI inheM nirantara prabhAvita karatA rahatA hai| isa taraha skUla evaM samAja eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| ain Education International
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________________ 4 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : tRtIya khaNDa o r e... .................... ............. ....................... Adhunika samAja meM nirantara hone vAle krAntikArI parivartanoM ke kAraNa sAmAjika mUlyoM evaM dhAraNAoM meM bhI bhArI parivartana ho rahe haiM / vyakti ina parivartanoM ke kAraNa yathAsthiti meM nahIM raha sktaa| zikSaNa saMsthAoM ke pracAra tathA prasAra ne isa dizA meM kAphI kArya kiyA hai / lekina sabhI sthAnoM evaM samAjoM meM zikSaNa saMsthAe~ eka taraha kA prabhAva nahIM DAlatIM / deza, kAla evaM paristhitiyoM ke anukUla samAja meM alaga-alaga prabhAva par3atA hai| isa prabhAva meM sAre samAja ke liye koI ekarUpatA nahIM hai| saMskRti kA poSaNa samAja ke sandarbha meM zikSA kA mukhya uddezya saMskRti kA poSaNa hai| pratyeka samAja kI racanA, saMgaThana evaM vikAsa kI apanI vizeSa saMskRti aura sabhyatA hai| pratyeka vyakti, jo usa samAja kA mukhya bindu hai, usa saMskRti se poSita evaM kramika rUpa se vikasita hotA hai| lekina usa vyakti ke jIvana meM Adhunika krAntikArI parivartana ke sandarbha meM jo bhI vikAsa kA krama banatA hai, usameM zikSaNa saMsthAoM kA bahuta bar3A yoga rahatA hai| vyakti ko sIkhane kI kSamatA, zikSaNa kI vyavasthA, dUsaroM taka jJAna pahu~cAne kA krama tathA ajita jJAna kA svayaM ke jIvana meM upayoga evaM usake anukUla AcaraNa Adi sAMskRtika AdhAra haiM jo pratyeka samAja meM apanI vizeSatAoM ke sAtha avasthita haiN| hara kSetra ke lie saMcita samAja ke pratyeka vyakti taka jJAna pahu~cAne kA kArya zikSA dvArA hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMskRti pratyeka kSetra kA saMcita jJAna hI nahIM varan vaha sAmAjika mUlyoM, vizvAsoM aura mAnyatAoM kA bhI AdhAra hai jo sadiyoM se use virAsata meM milA hai| ina vizeSatAoM ko lekara vyakti kA zikSA kArya zikSaNa saMsthAoM dvArA hotA hai| skUla kA vistRta kAryakSetra ___ata: Adhunika yuga meM zikSaNa saMsthAoM kA kArya bahuta hI vistRta ho gayA hai| ve kevala jJAna ke nahIM balki sAmAjika parivartana ke pratIka sAMskRtika kendra bana gayI haiN| unakA kAryakSetra kevala pATha dene taka sImita na rahakara samudAya ke mAdhyama se sArA samAja hai| vyakti evaM skUla vyakti kA sambandha cUMki mukhyatayA parivAra se hai ata: parivAra Aja bhI usake samAjIkaraNa kI mukhya dhurI hai| parantu skUla use naye samAja ke liye taiyAra karane meM prabhAvazAlI bhUmikA nibhAtA hai| vaha use kArya-kSetra ke liye taiyAra karatA hai| use naye sAmAjika mUlya, takanIkI jJAna Adi detA hai / ata: usakA mukhya sambandha sevA kA hai| __ sAtha hI parivAra ke bahuta se kartavyoM ko skUloM dvArA le liyA gayA hai| baccA aba ghara meM kama aura skUla meM jyAdA samaya detA hai| isa prakAra sAmAjika parivartana kI prakriyA meM usakA mahattva bar3ha gayA hai| isake kAraNa parivAra ke sadasyoM ko anya sAmAjika kAryoM meM sammilita hone kA avasara mila jAtA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki parivAra ke samarthana se hI skUla kI upayogitA rahatI hai| ataH usakI saphalatA parivAra para avalambita hai| rAjanIti evaM skUla bhAratIya samAja kI jaTilatA, sAMskRtika vibhinnatA, sAmAjika mAnyatAoM, prajAtantrIya zAsana vyavasthA, samAjavAdI samAja kI racanA, dharma nirapekSatA ke sandarbha meM skUla evaM rAjanIti kA sambandha mahattvapUrNa bana gayA hai| uparyukta sAMskRtika vibhinnatAoM ke kAraNa samAja ke parivartana tathA deza ke vikAsa ke liye pratyeka kSetra meM buniyAdI bAtoM para kucha AdhArabhUta ekatA evaM kAryakrama honA Avazyaka hai| isake lie rAjanaitika paripakvatA apekSita hai| skUla isake liye acchA sAdhana hai / sthAnIya, rASTrIya tathA antarrASTrIya kSetra meM buniyAdI bAtoM meM ekarUpatA lAne ke liye zikSA kA bahuta mahattva hai / bhArata jaise nirakSaratA-pradhAna deza meM rAjanaitika paripakvatA zikSA ke mAdhyama se hI sambhava hai| andhavizvAsa, sAmAjika burAiyA~, jAtivAda, chuAchUta Adi ko dUra karane meM bhI zikSA mahattvapUrNa yoga detI hai| ye prajAtantra ke bar3e zatru haiM / nAgarika prazikSaNa Aja ke sandarbha meM ati Avazyaka hai| .
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________________ zikSA evaM sAmAjika parivartana 5 arthazAstra evaM skUla vyakti kI zikSA para jo bhI kharca kiyA jAtA hai vaha Arthika inavesTamenTa hai| zikSita hokara vyakti na kevala apanI Arthika sthiti sudhAratA hai varan deza ke Arthika vikAsa meM bhI bahuta bar3A yogadAna detA hai| iMjIniyara, DaoNkTara, takanIkI vizeSajJa, vaijJAnika, sAhityakAra Adi isa vikAsa meM sampUrNa rUpa se bhAgIdAra haiM / ata: zikSA para kiyA gayA kharca phijUlakharca na mAnakara bhaviSya ke liye upayogI mAnA jAnA caahie| zikSaNa saMsthAoM meM zikSita hokara hI parivartana meM krAntikArI yogadAna milatA hai| dharma evaM zikSA prAcIna kAla meM bhArata meM zikSA kA AdhAra AdhyAtmika hI thA / Aja bhI ina saMsthAoM kA samAja meM pUrNa prabhAva hai| bhArata jaise vibhinnatAoM vAle deza meM dharma nirapekSatA samAja kA AdhArabhUta bindu hai lekina vibhinna AdhyAtmika mAnyatAoM kA maulika cintana, naitika vizvAsa ke liye Avazyaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vibhinna dhArmika saMsthAe~ samAjIkaraNa ke liye Aja bhI mahattvapUrNa yogadAna de rahI haiM / lekina unakA dRSTikoNa sAmpradAyikatA ke prasAra ke liye nahIM varan deza meM sAmpradAyika ekatA evaM dharma nirapekSatA meM yogadAna ke liye honA caahiye| zikSaNa saMsthAeM isake lie mahattvapUrNa yogadAna de sakatI haiN| __samudAya evaM skUla jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai samudAya evaM zikSA kA sambandha gaharA hai| bhAratIya samAja ke sandarbha meM yaha aura bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| sthAna vizeSa kI AvazyakatAoM, sAmAjika mAnyatAoM, bhaugolika, Arthika evaM sAMskRtika yahI kAraNa hai skUla-kama-kamyuniTI senTara kI kalpanA se zikSA meM kArya karane kI pravRtti nirantara bar3ha rahI hai| anaupacArika evaM aupacArika zikSA kA samanvaya isa dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| samudAya ke bauddhika vikAsa kI kAryavAhI zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha yadi nahIM kI gaI to yaha zikSA asaphala ho jAyegI tathA samAja usakI upekSA kregaa| samudAya ko zikSaNa saMsthAoM ke Arthika vikAsa meM Avazyaka madada denI caahiye| uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zikSA sAmAjika parivartana ke liye na kevala mahattvapUrNa parantu Avazyaka AdhAra hai| zikSA evaM sAmAjika parivartana jaba se sRSTi kI racanA huI hai taba se eka dUsare ke pUraka rahe haiM aura Ane vAlI pIr3hiyoM taka bhI rheNge|