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________________ 00 zikSA evaM berojagArI DaoN0 jI0 ela0 capalota pariyojanA arthazAstrI, jilA grAmINa vikAsa ejensI, nAranaula (hariyANA) se zikSA evaM berojagArI - donoM zabda eka dUsare sarvathA bhinna haiM / na kevala UparI rUpa se dekhane para apitu sabhI dRSTiyoM se dekhane para bhI ina donoM meM nAma mAtra bhI riztA nahIM jAna par3atA kintu Azcarya isa bAta kA hai ki donoM atyanta ghaniSTa sambandhI haiM aura samaya par3ane para aura anukUla paristhitiyoM ke Ane para prabala vega se eka sAtha hI phUTa par3ate haiM / isa tathya - 'jaise-jaise audyogika vikAsa hotA jAtA hai, kRSi para nirbhara vyaktiyoM kI janasaMkhyA kramazaH kama hote-hote udyoga kI tarapha unmukha hotI hai' ko pramANita karane ke lie AMkar3oM kI koI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM hotI / isI prakAra yaha bhI eka sarvamAnya satya hai ki zikSitoM kI saMkhyA kA berojagArI se sIdhA sambandha hai jisake uttaradAyI kAraNa evaM prabhAvoM kA vivecana Age kiyA jA rahA hai kintu isa ke pahale yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki hamArI zikSA kaisI hai aura isakA AdhAra kyA hai| isa para cintana Avazyaka hai / zikSA kA artha kevala pustakIya jJAna hI nahIM hokara bAlakoM ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa se hai jo mAnasika, zArIrika, naitika evaM cAritrika vikAsa se sambandha hai / zikSA Arthika vikAsa evaM sAmAjika AdhunikIkaraNa meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAtI hai| utpAdana ke srota meM unakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha vibhinna prakAra ke kAryoM ke lie Avazyaka saMsthAna tathA yogyatA ke vyaktiyoM ko upalabdha karAtI hai / janamAnasa meM samucita abhiruci, kuzalatA tathA vyaktitva kI vizeSatAoM ko jamA kara vikAsa ke lie upayukta vAtAvaraNa taiyAra karatI hai / suvijJa evaM zikSita nAgarikatA kI racanA karake zikSA ise sunizcita karatI hai, meM una AdhArabhUta saMsthAnoM, jina para ki deza kA Arthika evaM sAmAjika kalyANa nirbhara karatA hai, meM kisa prakAra kI kArya praNAliyA~ saphala siddha hoNgii| zikSA vyakti ko vaiyaktika samRddhi tathA sAmAjika aura Arthika unnati ke lie pramukha sAdhana bhI pradAna karatI hai / zikSA ke vAstavika uddezya kI pUrti usake upayogI hone meM hai| isalie zikSA ekAMgI na hokara sarvatonmukhI honI Avazyaka hai kintu hamArI zikSA praNAlI kevala pustakIya jJAna taka hI sImita rahI hai| vartamAna zikSA paddhati bhArata meM briTiza rAjya kI sthApanA kA paricAyaka hai jo ki lArDa maikAle ke mastiSka kI dena hai / isa paddhati kA pracalana isa ki deza meM aMgrejI prazAsana ke saMcAlana ke lie aMgrejI jAnane vAle ataH zikSA praNAlI kI vyavasthA isa prakAra kI gaI ki sabhI zikSita banA rahA / phalasvarUpa isa zikSA praNAlI ne itane lipika taiyAra kara / uddezya ko dRSTigata rakhate hue kiyA gayA thA bhAratIya lipika athavA munIma taiyAra ho sake bhAratIyoM kA lakSya sarakArI naukarI karanA hI diye haiM ki svatantra bhArata meM ina sabako sthAna denA kaThina ho gayA hai| .
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________________ .48 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : tRtIya khaNDa ... ... ... . ............................................................ hAlAMki kucha sImA taka Aja bhI hamArI zikSA siddhAnta evaM sAhityapradhAna avazya hai jo kevala kucha sAhityakAroM evaM zikSAvidoM kI svatantra vicAradhArA tathA bhAratIya saMskRti ke kAraNa hai| isake dvArA vidyArthiyoM ko jJAna tathA saMskRti to pradAna kI jAtI hai parantu unake vyaktitva evaM caritra ke nirmANa kA koI prayatna nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| vizvavidyAlayI stara taka kevala pustakIya jJAna hI diyA jAtA rahA hai jisameM vidyArthiyoM ke jIvana sambandhI vyAvahArika jJAna kA abhAva hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki Ajakala hamArI pracalita zikSA paddhati ke viruddha deza ke lagabhaga sabhI bhAgoM meM AvAja uThAI jA rahI hai| Ajakala vidyArthiyoM ko jIvazAstra, samAjazAstra, nAgarikazAstra, vANijyazAstra, rAjanItizAstra, darzanazAstra, kAnUna tathA manovijJAna kI bar3I-bar3I pustakeM to avazya par3hAI jAtI haiM kintu ve vyAvahArikatA meM isake jJAna se bahuta dUra rahate haiN| jIvana prApta karake kucha bhI upakrama kA sAhasa tathA Atma-vizvAsa prApta nahIM hotA / sAhitya ke adhyayana mAtra meM vaha jIvikopArjana kI kalA nahIM sIkha sktaa| pracalita zikSA praNAlI ke mukhya tIna stara prArambhika, mAdhyamika tathA vizvavidyAlaya kI zikSA, ye bhI truTipUrNa haiM / kucha hI sthAnoM ko chor3akara na to prArambhika zikSA ko anivArya hI banAyA gayA hai aura na hI isa deza ke nivAsiyoM ke Arthika stara ko dekhate hue niHzulka zikSA kI hI vyavasthA kI gaI hai / yadyapi aba zikSA praNAlI meM AmUla parivartana prAyogika dRSTi se avazya kiye jA rahe haiM tathApi ye praNAliyA~ bhI apane Apa meM pUrNa nahIM haiN| videzoM meM zikSA kI ora atyanta dhyAna diyA jAtA hai| rUsa meM vidyArthiyoM ko ni.zulka par3hAyA jAtA hai aura pustakeM bhI rASTra kI ora se hI milatI haiM, vidyArthiyoM ko saba prakAra kI suvidhAe~ dI jAtI haiM, usase unakI buddhi ke pUrNa vikAsa meM sahAyatA milatI hai| takanIkI zikSA kI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAtA hai| hamArI zikSA paddhati 'AdhI tItara aura AdhI baTera' hai| na to hamane pUrNatayA bhAratIya zikSA paddhati hI apanAI hai aura na yUropIya hii| . berojagArI kI samasyA bahuta purAnI hai| tejI se bar3hatI jA rahI janasaMkhyA kI samasyA se bhI vikAsonmukha deza pIr3ita hai, yahA~ yaha samasyA apanA vikarAla rUpa dhAraNa karatI jA rahI hai / yadi isa samasyA kA samAdhAna samaya rahate nahIM kiyA gayA aura kevala palAyanavAdI pravRtti se kAma liyA gayA to deza kA bhaviSya kyA ho sakatA hai isakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| rojagAroM kA sRjana, zramabala kI vRddhi ke sAtha abhI taka gati nahIM banAe rakha sakA hai| zikSita tathA takanIkI yogyatA-prApta vyaktiyoM ke bIca vyApta berojagArI kI sthiti nirantara cintA kA viSaya banI huI hai / abhI hAla hI meM prakAzita anumAna ke anusAra berojagAroM kI saMkhyA bar3hate-bar3hate eka karor3a nau lAkha aura caubIsa hajAra taka pahuMca gaI hai| 1676 kI tulanA meM 1977 meM jahA~ berojagAroM kI saMkhyA 11.6 pratizata bar3hI hai, vahIM rojagAra meM lagAye jAne vAle vyaktiyoM kA anupAta 6.7 pratizata se ghaTakara 4.67 pratizata raha gayA hai| par3he-likhe berojagAroM kI saMkhyA kA pratizata bhI 1676 kI tulanA meM gata varSa bar3A hI hai / yaha eka varSa kI pragati ke AMkar3e haiN| berojagAroM kI senA yadi isI gati bar3hatI rahI to yaha pratizata Age bar3hatA hI jAyegA / dasa varSa ke bAda isakA kyA vikarAla svarUpa prakaTa hogA, yaha kalpanA karate hI roMgaTe khar3e honA eka svAbhAvika bAta hai| kitane vyaktiyoM ke nAma rojagAra ke vibhinna kAryAlayoM meM paMjIkRta haiM, kitanoM ko rojagAra prApta huA, isakA vivaraNa peja 46 kI tAlikA se spaSTa hai
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________________ varSa 1670 1973 1674 1675 1976 paMjIkRta berojagAroM kI saMkhyA 45.2 61*5 niyojana sthiti ( saMkhyA lAkhoM meM) 51.8 54.4 56.2 rojagAra upalabdha karavAyA gayA 4.5 5.2 4.0 40 50 zikSA evaM berojagArI 4 40.7 82.2 84.3 63.3 678 +0+0+0+8 rojagAra ke lie pratyAzI yadyapi ye AMkar3e kucha varSoM pahale ke haiM kintu inase spaSTa hai ki hamAre deza kI arthavyavasthA meM kevala 4-5 lAkha vyaktiyoM ko rojagAra upalabdha karavAne kI kSamatA hI rahI hai| yadi isakI tulanA janasaMkhyA kI vRddhi dara se kI jAye to yaha koI mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi nahIM hai / janagaNanA ke mahApaMjIkAra ne 1972 meM jo vizeSajJa samiti sthApita kI, usane 1671 kI janagaNanA ke AdhAra para 1681 taka kI janasaMkhyA ke bAre meM saMketa diye haiN| isake anusAra janasaMkhyA kI vRddhi kI dara jo AMkI gaI hai vaha hai 16.76 prati hajAra vyakti kintu bhAratIya rijarva baiMka buleTinaanupUraka- akTUbara, 1977 ke anusAra yaha vRddhi dara 22 prati hajAra vyakti AMkI gaI hai, lagabhaga eka karor3a se bhI jyAdA / kahA~ to eka varSa meM eka karor3a kI janasaMkhyA meM vRddhi aura kahA~ 4.5 lAkha kI rojagAra dene kI kSamatA ke AMkar3e / isa tathya ke sandarbha meM rojagAra upalabdha karavAye gaye vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA ko yadi dekhA jAye to sthiti viparIta pratIta hotI hai| bhaviSya kA pariNAma spaSTa hai| isa zocanIya sthiti ko anubhava kara bhUtapUrva janatA sarakAra ne Ane vAle dasa varSoM meM sabhI ko rojagAra para lagA dene kA AzvAsana diyA thA kintu vaha svayaM dekhate-dekhate sattA se cyuta ho gii| vartamAna indirA sarakAra ne bhI berojagArI kI samasyA se nijAta pAne ke lie aneka kAryakrama hAtha meM liye haiM, kintu bhAratIya rijarva baiMka dvArA prakAzita A~kar3oM para dRSTi DAleM to jJAta hogA ki pichale kucha samaya se rojagAra upalabdha karavAye gaye vyaktiyoM kI saMkhyA meM girAvaTa A rahI hai| yaha eka zocanIya sthiti hai / samasyA kA samAdhAna rojagAra do prakAra kA ho sakatA hai-- vetanabhogI rojagAra tathA svarojagAra / kevala vetana bhogI rojagAra akele hI isa sthiti kA mukAbalA pUrI taraha se nahIM kara sakatA hai kyoMki inake sRjana ke lie bahuta bar3e paimAne para niveza ke kAryakrama apanAne par3ate haiM jinake lie bahuta pUMjI kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| isalie jitanA sambhava ho sake utane adhika svarojagAra ke avasaroM ke sRjana ke prayatna karanA Avazyaka hai| vizeSa rUpa se kRSi, laghu udyoga, vyApAra tathA vANijya ke kSetroM meM sva-rojagAra kI abhI bahuta kSamatA hai / zikSA tathA rojagAra ke bIca nikaTatama sambandha sthApita karane ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vidyArthiyoM kI abhiruciyoM, kuzalatAoM tathA vyaktitva kI ucca vizeSatAoM ko sunizcita kiyA jAya / AvazyakatA isa bAta kI bhI hai ki ucita pAThyakrama aura upayukta zikSaNa paddhatiyoM ko apanAkara vidyArthiyoM meM aise guNoM ko bhara diyA jAye jo sabhI prakAra ke vyavasAyoM se sambandha rakhate haiM aura antataH unheM adhika rojagAra prApta karane aura paryAvaraNa ke adhika anukUla banAne aura unheM rojagAra meM laga jAne meM adhika samartha bnaayeN| sAtha hI yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki vidyArthiyoM ko pustakIya jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha unake jIvanopayogI guNoM kA vikAsa kiyA jaaye| isake lie aisI saMsthAoM kI AvazyakatA rahegI jo caritra nirmANa, tyAga, anuzAsana aura naitikatA kI zikSA de ske| Ajakala vidyArthI varga kyoM .
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________________ 0 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : tRtIya khaNDa .. .... moooooooooooooooooooo......................... asantuSTa hai ? vizvavidyAlayoM meM har3atAleM kyoM hotI haiM ? isakA pramukha kAraNa hai---anuzAsanahInatA, burA AcaraNa aura asantoSa / isa asantoSa kA pramukha kAraNa pracalita zikSA praNAlI hai jo mAtra berojagArI paidA karatI hai| kitanI hI bAteM aisI haiM jo ki isa sthiti ke lie uttaradAyI hai| hamArI zikSA praNAlI kI apanI kucha kamajoriyAM haiN| hamArI sAmAjika paramparAyeM aisI rahI haiM ki inameM mehanata ke kAma ko nIcI nigAha se dekhA jAtA hai jisase ki logoM meM saphedapoza naukariyoM ke lie eka dhuna sI savAra ho gaI hai| ina sabase Upara eka kAraNa yaha bhI rahA hai ki hamAre udyamakartA alpavikasita kSetroM meM jahA~ ki berojagArI ke asantulana para aura jora par3a gayA hai, jAne se katarAte haiN| yahI nahIM hamAre paramparAgata laghu udyoga samApta ho rahe haiN| ina udyogoM meM lage vyaktiyoM kI santAne thor3I-bahuta par3ha-likha jAtI haiM to vaha apane paitRka vyavasAya ko heya dRSTi se dekhane lagatI haiM aura ve naukarI kI talAza meM zaharoM kI ora bhAgate haiN| isase zaharoM para AbAdI kA bhAra bar3hatA hai tathA gA~va khAlI hote rahate haiM / zaharoM meM bhI naukarI ke avasara sImita haiM aura ve bhI binA samparka, rizvata va jeka-jariye ke upalabdha nahIM hote, phalata nirAzA vyApta hotI hai aura aise nirAza vyakti anta meM aparAdha jagat kI ora bar3hate haiN| Trena DakaitI, DAkuoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi aura anya prakAra ke aparAdhoM meM berojagArI kA bahuta bar3A hAtha hai| paitRka vyavasAya bhI pUMjI ke abhAva se naSTa ho rahe haiN| unheM kaccA mAla samaya para upalabdha nahIM hotA, phira bAjAra meM pratispardhA itanI hai ki usa mAla kA Tike rahanA nitAnta asambhava hai| AdhunikIkaraNa kI ora dhyAna hI nahIM diyA jA rahA hai / khAdI grAmodyoga borDa, udyoga vibhAga, baiMka, vitta nigama, sahakArI samatiyA~ Adi ke mAdhyama se paitRka udyoga-dhandhoM ko vikasita karane ke lie paryApta prayAsa bhI kiye gaye haiM, lekina zikSita pIr3hI kI aruci ke kAraNa ye prayAsa saphala nahIM hue haiN| tejI se bar3hatI huI AbAdI para aMkuza lagAnA bhI berojagArI ke samAdhAna kA eka rAstA hai, kintu ina sabake mUla meM zikSA hai| jaba taka zikSA vyavasthA vyAvahArika nahIM hogI tathA vaha chAtroM ko paitRka rojagAra kI ora unmukha nahI karegI, zrama kI mahattA ko nahIM samajhAyegI tathA logoM ko svAvalambana kA pATha nahIM par3hAyegI taba taka perojagArI ke AMkar3e bar3hate hI rheNge| vAstava meM zikSA aura berojagArI meM kucha tAlamela baiThAne ke lie eka gambhIra cintana kI AvazyakatA hai| isake samAdhAna ke lie na kevala sarakAra hI uttaradAyI hai balki deza kA yuvAvarga, vidyArthIvarga, udyamIvarga tathA saMsthAoM kI bhI apanI jimmedAriyA~ haiN| jaba taka eka sAtha milakara samAdhAna nahIM kiyA jAtA taba taka kisI eka mAtra kA prayatna adhUrA hI raha jAyegA tathA usakA koI lAbha bhI nahIM hogaa|