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________________ SaTjIvanikAya meM trasa evaM sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa kI samasyA - pro. sAgaramala jaina padajInikAya kI avadhAraNA jainadharma-darzana kI prAcInatama avadhAraNA hai| isake unnakha hamaM prAcInatama jaina Agamika granthA yathA -- AcArAMga', RSibhASita, uttagadhyayana dazavakAlika Adi meM upalabdha hote haiN| yaha guspaSTa tavya hai ki nirgandha parampaga meM prAcInakAla se pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, vanaspati Adi kA jIvana yukta mAnA jAtA rahA hai| yadyapi vanaspati aura dvIndriya Adi prANiyoM meM jIvana kI sattA tA sabhI mAnate haiM kinnu pRthvI jala, agni aura vAyu bhI sajIva haiM .-- yaha avadhAraNA jainA kI apanI viziSTa avadhAraNA hai| yahA~ hame yaha bhI smagNa rakhanA cAhie ki pRthvI, jala, vAyu Adi meM sUkSma jIvoM kI upasthiti ko svIkAra karanA eka alaga tathya hai aura pRthvI, jala Adi ko svataH sajIva mAnanA eka anya avadhAraNA hai| jaina paramparA kevala itanA hI nahIM mAnatI hai ki pRthvI, jala Adi me jIva hota hai apitu vaha yaha bhI mAnatI hai ki ye svayaM bhI jIvana-yukta yA sajIva hai| isa sandarbha meM AcAgaMga meM spaSTa rUpa se ullekha milatA hai ki pRthvI, jala, vAyu Adi ke Azrita hokara jo jIva rahata haiM, va pathvIkAyika, apakAyika Adi jIvAM se bhinna haiN| yadyapi pRthvIkAyika, apakAyika javA kI hiMsA hone para unakI hiMsA bhI aparihArya rUpa se hotI hai| AcArAMga ka prathama adhyayana ke dvitIya se saptama udazaka taka pratyeka udadazaka meM pRthvI Adi paTajIvanikAyAM kI hiMmA ke svampa, kAraNa aura sAdhana arthAta zastra kI carcA hameM upalabdha hotI hai| AcAgaMga apibhAsita, ullarAdhyayana, dazakAlika Adi meM padajIvanikAya ke antargata pRthvI, apa, agni. vAyu, vanaspati aura usa -- ya jIvoM ke ka. prakAra mAna gaye hai, kintu ina padajIvanikAyoM meM kauna sa hai aura kauna gthAvara hai ? isa prazna kA lakara prAcInakAla se hI vibhinna avadhAraNAe~ jaina paramparA meM upalabdha hotI hai| yadyapi vartamAna meM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ina pA~ca ko sAmAnyatayA sthAvara mAnA jAtA hai| paMcasthAvaroM kI yaha avadhAraNA aba sarva svIkRta hai| digambara paramparA meM tattvArtha kA jA pATha pracalita hai usameM tA pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati-- ina pA~coM ko spapTa mpa ra sthAvara kahA gayA hai| kintu prAcIna zvetAmbara mAnya Agama AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana Adi kI tathA tattvArthasatra ke zvatAmbara sammata pATha aura tattvArthabhASya kI sthiti kucha bhinna hai| isI prakAra digambara paramparA meM bhI kundakunda ke grantha paMcAstikAya kI sthiti bhI paMcasthAvage kI pracalita sAmAnya avadhAraNA se kucha bhinna hI pratIta hotI hai| yApanIya grantha paTakhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM ina donA ke samanvaya kA prayatna huA hai| ma aura jyAvara ke vargIkaraNa ko lekara jaina paramparA ke ina prAcIna stara ka Agamika 13
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________________ granthoM meM kisa prakAra kA matabheda rahA huA hai, isakA spadrIkaraNa karanA hI prastuta nibandha kA mukhya uddezya hai| 1. AdhArAMga AcArAMga meM padajIvanikAya meM kauna sA hai aura kauna sthAvara hai ? isakA koI spaSTata vargIkaraNa ullekhita nahIM hai| usake prathama zruta rakana ke prathama adhyayana meM jisa kama se padajIvanikAya kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai. use dekhakara lagatA hai ki jahA prayakAra pAnI, apa. agni aura vanaspati ina cAra ko spaSTa rUpa se sthAvara ke antargata vargIkRta karatA hogA. jabaki basa aura tAyukAyika jIvoM ko vaha sthAvara ke antargata nahIM mAnatA hogA, kyoki usake prathama adhyayana ke dvitIya, tRtIya, caturtha aura paMcama ina vAra udadazako meM kramazaH pRthvI, Apa. agni aura vanaspati -- ina cAra jIvanikAyoM kI hiMsA kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt paSTha adhyayana meM sakAya kI aura rAtama adhyayana meM vAyukAyika jIvA kI hiMsA kA ullekha kiyA hai| isakA phalitArtha yahI hai ki AvArAga ke anusAra vAyukAyika jIva sthAvara na hokara Rya hai| yadi AvArAMgakAra ko vAyukAyika jIvoM ko sthAvara mAnanA hAtA to vaha unakA ullakha sakAya ke pUrva krtaa| isa prakAra aacaagaa| meM pRthvI. apa, agni aura vanaspati meM cAra sthAvara aura vAyu tathA bramakAya meM do vama jIva mAne gaye haiM - -- yA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai|' yadyapi AcAgaMga ke prathama zrutarakandha meM hI eka gantarma jamA bhI hai, jisake AdhAra para usakAya ko chor3akara zepa pA~coM ko sthAvara mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoki vahA~ para pathvI, vAyu, apa, agni aura vanaspati kA ullekha karake usake pazcAt brama kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 2. RSibhASita jahA taka pibhApita kA prazna hai, usameM mAtra eka sthala para TijIvanikAya kA ullekha hai / usa zabda kA ullekha mI hai, kintu SaTajIvanikAya meM kauna sa hai aura sthAvara ne emI carcA usama nahIM hai| 3. uttarAdhyayana AcArAMga se jaba hama ullarAdhyayana kI ora Ate haiM to yaha pAte hai ki usake 26veM evaM 36veM adhyAyoM meM padajIvanikAya kA ullekha upalabdha honA hai| 26veM adhyAya meM yadyapi spaSTa spa se traya aura sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa kI carcA to nahIM kI gaI hai, kintu usameM jisa krama se paTajIvanikAyoM ke nAmoM kA nimpaNa huA hai usase yahI phalita hotA hai ki pRthvI, apa (udaka ), agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ye pA~ca sthAvara hai aura chaThA trasakAya hI trasa hai, kintu uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyAya kI sthiti isase bhinna hai, eka to usameM sarvaprathama SaTjIvanikAya ko trasa aura sthAvara -- aise do vargoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai aura dUsare sthAvara ke antargata pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati ko tathA usa ke antargata ani, vAyu aura trasajIvanikAya ko rakhA gayA hai| isa prakAra yadyapi uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyAya se AcArAMga kI vAyu ko
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________________ * 168. sakAvika mAnane kI avadhAraNA kI puSTi hotI hai| kintu jahA~ taka agnikAya kA prazna hai, use jahA~ AcArAMga ke anusAra sthAvara nikAya ke antargata vargIkRta kiyA jA sakA hai, vahA~ uttarAdhyayana meM use spaSTa rUpa se trasanikAya ke antargata vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra donoM meM AMzika matabheda bhI parilakSita hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana kA yaha dRSTikoNa tattvArthasUtra (bhASyamAnya mUlapATha ) meM aura tattvArthabhASya meM bhI svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki nirgantha paramparA meM prAcInakAla meM yahI dRSTikoNa vizeSa rUpa se mAnya rahA hogaa| 4. dazavakAlika jahA~ taka dazavakAlika kA prazna hai, usakA caturtha adhyAya to SaTjIvanikAya ke nAma se hI jAnA jAtA hai| usameM trasa evaM sthAvara kA spaSTatayA vargIkaraNa to nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu jisa krama meM unakA prastutikaraNa huA hai, usase yaha dhAraNA banAI jA sakatI hai ki dazavaikAlika pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ina pA~ca ko sthAvara hI mAnatA hogaa| SaTjIvanikAya ke krama ko lekara dazavakAlika kI sthiti uttarAdhyayana ke 26veM adhyayana ke samAna hai, kintu AcArAMga se tathA uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyAya se bhinna hai| 5. jIvAbhigama upAMga sAhitya meM prajJApanA meM jIvoM ke prakAroM kI carcA aindrika AdhAroM para kI gaI, usa aura sthAvara ke AdhAra para nhiiN| jIvoM kA trasa aura sthAvara kA vargIkaraNa jIvAbhigamasatra meM milatA hai| usameM spaSTa rUpa se pRthvI, apa (jala) aura vanaspati ko sthAvara tathA agni, vAyu evaM drIndriyAdi ko usa kahA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se jIvAbhigama aura uttarAdhyayana kA dRSTikoNa samAna hai| jIvAbhigama kI TIkA meM malayagiri ne ise spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki jo sardI-garmI ke kAraNa eka sthAna kA tyAga karake dUsare sthAna para jAte haiM, ve trasa haiM athavA jo icchApUrvaka urva, adha evaM tiryak dizA meM gamana karate haiM, ve usa haiN| unhoMne labdhi se teja ( agni) aura vAyu ko sthAvara, kintu gati kI apekSA se trasa kahA hai| 6. tattvArthasUtra jahA~ taka jaina paramparA ke mahattvapUrNa sUtra zailI ke grantha "tattvArtha" kA prazna hai, usake zvetAmbara sammata mUlapATha meM tathA tattvArtha ke umAravAti ke svopajJa bhASya meM pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati -- ina tIna ko sthAvaranikAya meM aura zeSa tIna agni, vAyu aura drIndriyAdi ko sanikAya meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai|12 isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya kA pATha uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyAya ke dRSTikoNa ke samAna hI hai| tattvArtha kA yaha dRSTikoNa AcArAMga ke prAcInatama dRSTikoNa se isa artha meM bhinna hai ki isameM agni ko spaSTa rUpa se usa mAnA gayA hai, jaba ki AcArAMga ke anusAra usa sthAvara varga ke antargata vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| aba hama digambara paramparA kI ora mur3ate haiM to usake dvArA mAnya tattvArthasUtra kI
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________________ 166 svArthasiddhi TIkA ke mUla pATha12 usakI TIkA -- donoM meM paMcasthAvaroM kI avadhAraNA spaSTa ullekha hai| digambara paramparA kI tattvArtha kI TIkAoM meM prAyaH sabhI ne pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu, vanaspati ina pA~ca ko sthAvara mAnA hai| 7. paMcAstikAya kundakunda ke grantha paMcAstikAya aura paTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA kA dRSTikoNa savArthasiddhi se bhinna hai| kundakunda apane grantha paMcAstikAya meM apanA dRSTikoNa prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki pRthvI, apa, teja (agni ), vAyu aura vanaspati ye pA~ca ekendriya jIva haiN| ina ekandriya jIvoM meM pRthvI, apa (jala) aura vanaspati ye tIna sthAvara zarIra se yukta hai aura zeSa anila aura anala arthAta vAyu aura agni sa hai|13 isa prakAra pA~ca prakAra ke ekendriya jIvoM meM kundakunda ne kevala pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati ina tIna ko hI sthAvara mAnA thA, zeSa ko ve trasa mAnate the| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kundakunda kA dRSTikoNa bhI tattvArthasUtra ke zvetAmbara mAnya pATha, tattvArthabhASya aura prAcIna Agama uttarAdhyayana ke samAna hI hai| yadyapi gAthA kramAMka 110 meM unhoMne pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati kA jisa krama se vivaraNa diyA hai vaha sa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI apekSA se na hokara ekendriya evaM drIndriya Adi ke vargIkaraNa ke AdhAra para hai| yaha gAthA uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 26veM adhyAya kI gAthA ke samAna hai --- tulanA ke rUpa meM paMcAstikAya aura uttarAdhyayana kI gAthAyeM prastuta haiN| puDhavIAukkAe, taMUvAU vnnssitsaann| paDilehaNApamatto chaNha pi virAhao hoi|| -- uttarAdhyayana, 26/30 puDhavI ya udagamagaNI vAuvaNapphadi jiivsNsidaakaayaa| deti khalu moha bahulaM phAsaM bahugA vi te tesiN|| -- paMdhAstikAya 110 tasA ya thAvarA ceva, thAvarA tivihA tahiM / puDhavI AujIvA ya, taheva ya vnnssii|| teUvAU ya bodavyA urAlA tasA thaa| -- uttarAdhyayana, 36/68, 69, 107 titthAvarataNu jogA aNilANala kAiyA ya tesu tasA maNapariNAma virahidA jIvA eiMdiyA geyA -- paMcAstikAya 111 SaTakhaNDAgama digambara paramparA ke SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM trasa aura sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa kI isa carcA ko tIna sthaloM para uThAyA gayA hai -- sarvaprathama satparUpaNA ayogadAra (1/1/39)
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________________ 200 kI TIkA meM, usake pazcAta jIva sthAna prakRti samunakIrtana (1/9-1/287 kI TIkA meM tathA paMcama khaNDa ke prakRti anuyogadAra ke nAma-karma kI prakRtiyoM ( 5/5/101 kI carcA meM ina tInoM hI sthaloM para sthAvara aura usake vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra gatizIlatA ko na mAnakara sthAvara nAmakarma evaM jarA nAmakarma kA udaya banAyA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM carcA prArambha karata hA yaha kahA gayA hai ki sAmAnyatayA sthita rahanA arthAn ThaharanA hI jinakA svabhAva hai unheM hI sthAvara kahA jAtA hai, kintu prastuta Agama meM isa vyAkhyA ke anugAra sthAvarga kA svapa kyA nahIM kahA gayA ? isakA samAdhAna dete hue kahA gayA hai ki jo eka sthAna para hI sthita rahe vana sthAvara aisA lakSaNa mAnane para vAyukAyika, agnikAyika aura jalakAyika jIvoM kA jA sAmAnyatayA sthAvara mAne jAte haiM, usa mAnanA hogA, kyoMki ina jIvoM kI eka sthAna se dRgare sthAna meM gati dekhI jAtI hai| dhavalAkAra eka sthAna para avasthita rahe vara sthAvara haga tyArayA ko isalie mAnya nahIM karatA hai, kyoMki aisI vyAkhyA meM vAyukAyika, agnikAyika aura jalakAyika jIvoM ko sthAvara nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki inameM gatizIlatA dekhI jAtI hai| isI kaThinAI se bacane ke lie dhavalAkAra ne gyAvara kI yA vyAkhyA prastuta kI ki jina jIvoM meM sthAvara nAmakarma kA udaya he ve sthAvara hai ? na ki ve sthAvara hai, jo eka sthAna para avasthita rahate haiN| isa prakAra sthAvara kI naI vyAkhyA ke dvArA dhavalAkAra ne na kevala pRthvI, apa. vAyu. agni aura vanaspati ina pA~coM ko sthAvara mAnane kI sarvasAmAnya avadhAraNA kI puSTi kI. apitu una avadhAraNAoM kA saMketa aura khaNDana bhI kara diyA jo gatizIlatA ke kAraNa vAyu, agni Adi ko sthAvara na mAnakara trasa mAna rahI thii| isa prakAra 'usane dAnI dhArAoM meM samanvaya kiyA hai| basa sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa ke aitihAsika krama kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki sarvaprathama AcAgaMga meM pRthvI, jala, agni aura vanaspati ina cAra ko sthAvara aura vAyukAya evaM usakAya ina do ko grasa mAnA gayA hogaa| usake pazcAta ullarAdhyAna meM pathvI. jala aura vanasyati ina tIna ko sthAvara aura agni, vAyu aura dIndriyAdi ko taya mAnA gayA hai| agni jo AcArAMga meM sthAvara varga meM thI vaha uttarAdhyayana meM traya varga meM mAna lI gii| vAyu meM to spaSTa spa se gatizalatA thI, kintu agni meM gatizIlatA utanI spaSTa nahIM thii| anaH AcAsaMga meM mAtra vAyu ko hI trasa (gatizIla ) mAnA gayA thaa| kintu agni kI jvalara prakriyA meM jo kramika gati dekhI jAtI hai, usake AdhAra para agni ko sa ( gatizIla) mAnane kA vicAra AyA aura uttarAdhyayana meM vAyu ke sAtha-sAtha agni ko bhI vara mAnA gayA / uttagadhyayana kI agni aura vAyu kI usa mAnane kI avadhAraNA kI hI puSTi umAsvAti ke tatvArthasUtramula usake svopajJa bhASya tathA kundakunda ke paMcAstikAya meM bhI kI gaI hai| digambara paramparA kI sthAvageM aura usa ke vargIkaraNa kI avadhAraNA se alaga haTakara kundakunda dvArA uttagadhyayana aura tattvArthasUtra ke zvetAmbara pATha kI puSTi isa tathya ko hI siddha karatI hai ki kucha AgamikA mAnyatAo ke sandarbha meM kundakunda zvetAmbara paramparA ke uttagadhyayana Adi prAcIna AgamA kI
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________________ 201 mAnyatAoM ka AMdhaka nikaTa hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ eka aura ulagadhyayana, umAravAti ke nanvArthasUtra evaM kundakunda ke pacAritakAya meM gyATa mpa sa paTajIvanikAya meM pRthvI apa (jala) aura ganapati-- ye tIna sthAvara aura agni vAda aura trama : dIndriyAdi ) -- tIna sa hai priyA sapTa ullakha hai| vahIM dUsarI unlagadhyayana, dazavakAlika, umAravAti kI prazamati evaM kundakunda ka pacAstikAya jaya prAcIna granthoM meM bhI kucha sthAnoM para pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati -- ina ekandriya jIvoM ke eka sAtha ulAkha ke pazcAt trama kA ullekha milatA hai| unakA ma ke pUrva mAtha-sAtha ullakha hI Age calakara sabhI ekandriyoM kA sthAvara mAnane kI avadhAraNA kA AdhAra banA hai, kyoMki drIndriya Adi ke liye to spaSTa rUpa se RNa nAma / jana dIndiyAdi basa kaha hI jAta dha to unake parva ullekhita sabhI ekanTiya sthAvara hai -- yaha mAnA jAne lagA aura phira inaka sthAvara kahe jAna kA AdhAra inakA avasthita rahane kA svabhAva nahIM mAnakara sthAvara nAmakarma kA udaya mAnA gyaa| kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki prAcIna AgamA ma inakA eka sAtha ullakha inake ekandiya varga ke antargata hone ke kAraNa kiyA gayA hai, na ki sthAvara hone ke kAraNa / prAcIna AgamoM meM jahA~ pA~ca ekandriya jIvoM kA mAtha-yAtha ullakha hai vahA~ uga jaga aura gthAvara kA vargIkaraNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai -- anyathA eka hI Agama meM annavigaMdha mAnanA hogaa| jo samacita nahIM hai| isa samagyA kA mUla kAraNa yaha thA ki dIndriyAdi jIvA ko traya nAma se abhihita kiyA jAnA thA -- ataH yaha mAnA gayA ki dvIndriyAdi se bhinna sabhI ekandriya sthAvara hai| isa carcA ke AdhAra para itanA to mAnanA hI hogA ki paravartIkAla meM traya aura sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa kI dhAraNA ma parivartana huA hai tathA Aga calakara zvetAmbara aura digambara donA paramparAoM meM paMcarathAvara kI avadhAraNA dRDhIbhUta ho gii| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jaba vAyu aura agni kA vasa mAnA jAtA thA, taba dIndrayAdi usa ke liya udAra ( ugala) usa zabda kA prayoga hotA thaa| pahala gatizIlatA kI apakSA se trasa aura sthAvara kA vargIkaraNa hotA thA aura usameM vAyu aura agni meM gatizIlatA mAnakara unheM traya mAnA jAtA thaa| vAyu kI gatizIlatA spaSTa thI ataH garvaprathama usa apa kahA gyaa| bAda meM yakSma avalokana se jJAta haA ki agni bhI IMdhana ke mahAraM dhIra-dhIre gati karatI huI phailatI jAtI hai, ataH usa bhI usa kahA gyaa| jala kI gati kevala bhUmi ke DhalAna ke kAraNa hotI hai svataH nahIM, ataH usa pRthvI evaM vanaspati ke samAna sthAvara hI mAnA gyaa| kintu vAyu aura agni meM svataH gati hone se unheM usa mAnA gyaa| punaH jaba Age calakara jaba dvIndriya Adi ko hI basa aura sabhI ekendriya jIvoM kA sthAvara mAna liyA gayA to -- pUrva Agamika vacanAM se saMgati baiThAne kA prazna aayaa| ataH zvetAmbara parampaga meM labdhi aura gati ke AdhAra para yaha saMgati baiThAI gaI aura kahA gayA ki labdhi kI apekSA se to vAya evaM agni sthAvara hai, kintu gati kI apekSA se unheM asa kahA gayA hai| digambara parampaga madhavalA TIkA meM isakA samAdhAna yaha kaha kara kiyA gayA ki vAyu evaM agni kA sthAvara kahe jAna kA AdhAra unakI gatizIlatA na hokara unakA sthAvara nAmakarma kA udaya hai| digambara paramparA meM hI kundakunda ke paMcAstikAya ke TIkAkAra jayasenAcArya ne yaha 18
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________________ 202 samanvaya nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke AdhAra para kiyaa| ve likhate haiM .. pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati -- ye tIna sthAvara nAmakarma ke udaya se sthAvara kahe jAte haiM, kintu vAyu aura agni paMcasthAvara meM vargIkRta kiye jAte hue bhI calana kriyA dikhAI dene se vyavahAra se basa kaha jAte hai|18 isa prakAra labdhi aura gatizalatA, sthAvara nAmakarma ke udaya yA nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke AdhAra para prAcIna Agamika vacanoM aura paravartI sabhI ekendriya jIvoM ko sthAvara mAnane kI avadhAraNA ke madhya samanvaya sthApita kiyA gyaa|