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________________ pUjya gurUdeva kavivaya paM. nAnacandrajI mahArAja janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha 'padravya meM pudgala dravya' mahAsatIjI zrI dharmazIlAjI M. A. sAhityaratna Ph. D. jaina darzana meM SaTdravya, sAta tattva aura nava padArtha mAne gaye haiM / jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla ye SaTdravya haiM aura jIva, ajIva, Astrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA tathA mokSa yaha sAta tatva haiM / ina sAta tattvoMmeM puNya aura pApa kA samAveza karane se navapadArtha bana jAte haiN| inhIM natra kA aMtarabhAva jaina darzana ke Sadravya meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu ina cAra dravyoM kA samAveza pudgala dravyoM meM hotA hai / SaTdravya, sAta tattva aura navapadArthameM mukhya do tattva haiM / jIva aura ajIba / inhIM ke viyoga aura saMyogase saba tattvoM kI racanA hotI hai| jIva kA pratipakSI ajIva hai| jIva cetanavAna, jJAna-darzana yukta hai to ajIva acetana hai / jIva aura ajIva ke aneka bheda-prabheda haiM / paraMtu hameM sirpha ajIva ke prakAroM meM se pudgala - prakAra para vicAra karanA hai / ajIva ke pAMca prakAra haiM / (1) pudgala (Matter of energy ), ( 2 ) dharma (Medium of motion for soul and matter), (3) adharma (Medium of rest ), ( 4 ) AkAza (Space) aura (5) kAla (Time) / ina pAMcoM ko rupI aura arupIke aMtargata samAviSTa kiyA jAtA hai| pudgala rupI haiM aura dharma, adharma AkAza aura kAla arupI haiM / rupI ko mUrta aura arupI ko amUrta kahate haiM / chaH dravya meM sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa dravya padgala aura jIva haiM / aba pudgala para hI kucha vicAra kareMge / pudgala zabda jaina darzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai| vijJAna jise (Matter) kahatA haiM, nyAya vaizeSika jise bhautikatatva kahate haiM, use hI jaina darzana ne pudgala kahA hai / jo varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza se yukta hai vaha pudgala hai| pudgala kI vyAkhyA umAsvAtine tattvArtha sUtra meM a. 5 sU. 23 meM isI prakAra kI hai / 'sparzarasagaMdhavarNavantaH pudgalAH' kuMdakuMdAcAryane bhI pravacana sAra a. 2. gA. 40 meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai / "varNarasagaMdhasparzA vidyante pudgalasya sUkSmatvAt / pRthivIparyantasya ca zabdaH sa pudgalacitraH / / 40 / / " bauddha sAhitya meM 'pudgala' zabda 'AlayavijJAna' 'cetanAsaMtati' ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| pudgala paramANu anaMta hai / pudgala dravya kA zuddha svarupa paramANu hai| jisakA vibhAjana nahIM hotA use paramANu kahate haiN| paramANu zAzvata hai, nitya hai, dhruva hai| jaina paribhASA anusAra acchedya, abhedya, agrAhaya, adAhya aura avibhAgI pudgala ko paramANu kahate haiM / tattvArthAdhigama sUtrameM umAsvAtine pudgala ke 2 prakAra kahe haiM / "aNavaH skandhAzva" a. 5, sU. 25 pudgala aNu (Atomic) aura skaMdha (Compound) rupa se do prakAra haiM / aNu atyaMta sUkSma hone se unakA upayoga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jo pudgala dravya kAraNarUpa hai, kAryarupa nahIM vaha aMtya dravya hai / vahI paramANu hai| usakA dUsarA vibhAga nahIM hotA hai / usakA Adi, madhya aura aMta nahI hotA hai| aise avibhAgI pudgala paramANu ko 'aNu kahate haiM / pudgala dravya kA dUsarA prakAra skaMdha hai| do aNuoM se skaMdha banatA hai / do-tIna saMkhyAtA asaMkhyAtA aura anaMta paramANuke piMDa ko ( samUha ko ) bhI skaMdha kahate haiM / dvayaNuka Adi skandhoM kA vizleSaNa (Analysis) karane para aNu Adi utpanna hote haiM / aNu Adike samUha ( Synthesis) se dvayaNuka Adi hote haiM / kabhI-kabhI skandha kI utpatti vizleSaNa aura saMghAta donoM ke prayogase hotI hai / 362 For Private Personal Use Only tattvadarzana
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________________ }pUjya gurUdeva kavilaya paM. nAnAsajI mahArAja janmazatAlida smRtigraMtha aNu aura skaMdha ye donoM hI pudgaloMkI vizeSa avasthAoMke nAma haiN| dvayaNukAdi skaMdhoMkA vizleSaNa karanepara aMta meM pudgaloM kI aNu avasthAmeM pahu~cate haiN| aNuoMko milAne para pudgaloMkI skandha avasthAmeM pahu~cate haiM / . pudgala vaha hai jisameM pUraNa aura galana ye donoM saMbhava haiN| isIlie eka dUsare snigdha, rukSa, guNayukta skandhase milatA hai vaha pUraNa haiN| eka skandha se kucha snigdha, rukSa, guNoMse yukta paramANu vicchinna hote haiM vaha galana hai / "pUrayanti galantItI pudgalAH" pUraNa aura galanakriyA jisameM hai vaha pudgala haiM / (mAdhavAcArya-sarva darzana saMgraha) pudgala meM sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura varNa ye cAroM hI guNa eka sAtha rahate haiN| ina cAroMmeM se kisImeM eka, kisImeM do, kisImeM tIna aisA nahIM ho sktaa| yaha bAta satya hai ki, kisI meM eka guNa kI pramukhatA hotI hai jisase vaha indriyagocara ho jAtA hai aura dUsare guNa gauNa hote haiM jisase indricagocara nahIM ho paate| indriyagocara nahIM hone se hama kisI guNakA abhAva nahIM mAna skte| Ajake vaijJAnika hAyaDrojana aura nAyaTrojana ko varNa, gaMdha aura rasahIna mAnate haiN| yaha kathana gauNatA ko lekara hai| dUsarI dRSTi se ina guNoM ko siddha kara sakate haiM / jaise 'amoniyA' ekAMza hAyaDrojana aura tIna aMza nAyaTrojana rahatA hai| amoniyAmeM gaMdha aura rasa ye do guNa haiN| ina dono guNoM kI navIna utpatti nahIM mAnate kyoMki yaha siddha hai ki asat kI kabhI bhI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI aura sat kabhI bhI nAza nahIM ho sakatA isalie jo guNa aNu meM hotA hai vahI skandha meM AtA hai| hAyaDrojana aura nAyaTrojanake aMza se amoniyA nirmita huA hai / isalie rasa aura gaMdha jo amoniyAke guNa haiM be guNa usa aMzameM avazya hI hone caahie| jo gupta guNa the ve prakaTa hue haiN| pudgalameM cAro guMNa rahate haiN| cAhe ve prakaTa ho yA aprakaTa ho / pudgala tinhoM kAlomeM rahatA hai isalie sat hai| utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya yukta hai| jaina dRSTise kitanehI pudgala skandha saMkhyAta pradezoMke, kitanehI asaMkhyAta pradezoMke aura kitane hI anaMta pradezoMke hote haiN| sabase bar3A skandha anaMta pradezI hotA hai aura sabase laghu skandha dvipradezI hotA hai| anaMta pradezI skandha eka AkAza pradezameM bhI samA sakatA hai| aura vahI skandha saMpUrNa loka meM bhI vyApta ho sakatA hai| pudgala paramANu loka meM sabhI jagaha hai| (uttarAdhyayana a. 36-gA. 11) kAgaja ke Dhera ko Aga lagane para kAgaja naSTa ho jAte haiM aura rAkha utpanna hotI hai / parantu isa utpatti aura vinAzameM athavA kAgajako paryAyoM ke nAza aura rAkha kI paryAyoM kI utpattimeM paramANu apane rupameM vidyamAna haiM / paryAyeM badala gaI, nAma aura rupa-raMga badala gayA parantu paramANu meM antara nahIM aayaa| isalie pudgala dravya paramANu ke zuddha rupa meM sadA sarvadA banA rahatA hai| paramANu zabda rahita hai| zabda kI utpatti do pudgala skandhoM ke saMgharSa se hotI hai| paramANu skandha se rahita hai| isalie vaha zabda se bhI rahita hai / vaha eka hai to bhI mUrta haiM kyoM ki usameM varNa, gaMdha, rasa sparza haiN| ye cAroM guNa usake eka pradezameM rahate haiM / isalie paramANu mUrta hai, sAkAra hai| pudgala skandhoM kA nirmANa paramANuoMke samUha se hotA hai| yadi paramANu mUrta nahIM hogA to usase bane hue pudgala skandha bhI mUrta nahIM ho sakate kyoMki amUrta dravya mUrtadravya nahIM banA sakatA aura mUrta amUrta ke rupameM pariNamana nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki eka dravya apane svabhAva ko choDakara parabhAvarupa dUsare dravyameM pariNata nahIM ho sktaa| __ dravyasaMgrahameM AcArya nemocaMdrane likhA hai ki "pudgala eka avibhAga paricchedya paramANu AkAzake eka pradezako gheratA hai| usI pradezameM anaMtAnaMta pudgala paramANu bhI sthita ho sakate haiN|" paramANu ke bibhAga nahIM hote, hisse nahIM hote, paramANu paraspara jur3a sakate haiM aura pRthak bhI ho sakate haiN| kintu usakA aMtima aMza akhaMDa hai| paramANu zAzvat pariNAmI, nitya, skaMdhakartA aura bhetA bhI hai| paramANu kAraNa rupa hai, kAryarupa nahIM / vaha aMtima dravya haiM / paramANu pudgaLa kA eka vibhAga hai| kandhoM kI sthiti nyUna se nyUna eka samaya aura adhika se adhika asaMkhyAta kAla hai| (bhagavatI sU 5/7) "skandha aura paramANu saMtati kI dRSTi se anAdi anaMta hai aura sthitikI dRSTise sAdi-sAnta hai|" (uttarAdhyayana 36/13) adhika se adhika asaMkhyAta mAla taradhyana Sadnya meM pudagala dravya Jain Education Interational
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________________ - - 'paca gadeva phavivaya paM. nAnayatajI mahArAja janmazatAhida smRtigraMtha jaina dArzanikoM ne prakRti aura UrjAko pudgala paryAya mAnA hai| vijJAna yahI mAnatA hai kI, chAyA, tama zabda Adi ya haiM / aMdhakAra aura prakAza kA lakSaNa abhAvAtmaka na mAnakara dRSTi deza, pratibaMdhakAraka aura virodhI mAnA hai| Adhunika vijJAna bhI prakAzake abhAva rupa ko aMdhakAra nahIM mAnatA / aMdhakAra pudgala kI paryAya hai| prakAza pudgala se pRthaka usakA astitva hai| chAyA pudgala kI hI eka paryAya hai| prakAza kA nimitta pAkara chAyA hotI hai| prakAza ko Atapa aura udyota ke rupameM do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiyA hai| sUryakA camacamAtA uSNa prakAza " AtA" hai| aura vaMdramA, juganU Adi kA zIta prakAza "udyota" hai| zabda bhI paudgalika hai| hama ko jitane bhI padArtha netroMse dikhate haiM, sparza hote haiM, cakhanemeM Ate haiM aura sunAI dete haiM, ve saba pudagala padArtha hai| zuddha pudgala paramANu to atisUkSma hone me indriyagocara hotA hI hai| paraMtu pudgala skandhoM meM bhI bahuta skandha aise sUkSma hote haiM jo netra aura iMndriyadvArA jAnane meM nahIM Ate aura bahutape skandha sthUla hote haiM jo ki iMdriyase jAne jAte haiN| una iMdriyagocara skandhomeM bhI do prakAra hai| 1) kucha skandha anna, phala Adi to aise haiM, jo jobha, netra, nAka, kAna aura sparza una pAMco iMdriyo dvArA chune, cakhane, suMdhaneM, sunane aura dikhane meM Ate haiN| 2) parantu vAyu Adi aise skandha hote haiM jo dikhAI nahIM dete parantu chunemeM Ate hai| zabdarupa pudgalaskandha aise hote haiM, jo sunane meM Ate haiM, jinakA sparza, rupa iMdriyo para AghAta hotA hai paraMtu A~khoM se dikhAI nahIM dete| prakAza aura aMdhakArarupa pudgalaskandha A~khoM se dikhAI dete haiM parantu nAka, kAna, jIbha ityAdi indriyadvArA nahIM jAne jaate| dhUpa aura cAMdatoSa pariNata hone vAle pudgala skandha, zIta, garbha rupase chUne meM tayA dekhane meM Ate haiM parantu unako pakaDakara va to sthAnAMtara kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na anya iMdriyoM unako jAna sakatI hai| isa taraha pudgala drabya aneka prakArakA hai| pudgala dravya ke vividha prakArake pariNamana vividha prakArake nimitta kArago dvArA huA karate haiN| oNksijana aura hAyaDrojana gaisoM ke mila jAnese pAnI bana jAtA hai| pAnI ko ati ThaMDI vAyukA yA amoniyA gesa kA nimitta mila jAnese barpha bana jAtA hai| agni kI tathA sUrya kiraNoMkI garmI ke nimittase pAnI bhApa bana jAtA hai| bhApase bAdala bana jAte hai / pArthiva lakaDI tathA sonA, cA~dI, loha Adi pArthiva dhAtue~ agnike nimittase jalakara rAkha ho jAtI hai| samasta dhAtue~ pighalakara anya AkAra prakAromeM parigata hotI haiN| isameM bhI agni nimita kAraNa hotI hai| isa taraha pudgala dravyake vividha prakArake pariNamana meM vividha prakArake nimitta kAraNa sahAyaka hote haiN| "kArya dvArA pudgala kA lakSaNa" zarIra, vANI, mana, niHzvAsa, ucchavAsa, sukha, dukha, jIvana, maraNa yaha pudgalake upahAra kArya haiN| umAsvAtine 'tattvArthAdhigama' sUtra meM yahI bAta kahI hai| 'zarIravAGmanaH prANApAnAH pudgalAnAm / / 19 / 'sukha duHkha jIvita maraNopagrahAzca / ' 20 / a. 5 sU. 19 / 20 A~khoM se jo jo dikhatA hai vaha saba pudgala dravya hai| pRthvI, pAnI, vAyu, agni, vanaspati ityAdi kA zarIra, bhogopabhogo ke saba sAdhana pudgala ke bane haiM / kahane kA matalaba iMdriya grAhya jitane bhI padArtha haiM ve saba varNa, gaMva, rasa, sparzayukta hone se mUrta haiM, rupI haiN| paugilaka hai| lokAkAzake jitane bhAga ko eka paramANu avagAhita karatA hai utane bhAga ko 'pradeza' kahA jAtA hai| kintu pudgala kI svAbhAvika avagAhana-paMkoca-zakti ke kAraNa lokAkAza ke eka pradeza meM 'anta-pradezoM' (ananta paramANuoMse banA huA) skandha Thahara sakatA hai| samagra lokAkAzameM (jo ki asaMkhyAta pradezAtmaka hai) anaMtAnaMta pradezo skandha vidyamAna haiN| isa prakAra dravya saMkhyA kI dRSTise pudgala dravya anaMta haiM, kSetra kI dRSTise svataMtra paramANu eka pradezakA avagAhana karatA hai aura svataMtra skandha eka se lekara asaMkhyAta pradezoMkA avagAhana karatA hai tathA samagra pudgala dravya samasta loka meM vyApta hai| kAla kI dRSTise anAdi anaMta hai / svarupa kI dRSTise varNa-sparza Adi guNoMse yukta mUrta hai| pudgala ke bIsa guNa hai| sparza-zIta, uSNa, rukSa, snigdha, laghu, guru, mRdu aura karkaza / 364 tattvadarzana
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________________ VPh pa. nAnajI mahArAja janmazatAdi 2 rasa--Amla, madhura, kaTu, kaSAya aura tikta / gandha-sugandha aura durgandha / varNa-kRSNa, nIla, rakta, pIta aura zveta / jaina sAhityameM pudgala aura paramANuke svarUpa aura kArya kA skSma se sUkSma vivecana hai| jaina darzana ke paramANu siddhAMtakI sacAI se prabhAvita hokara Dr. G. S. Mallinathan likhate hai ki "A student of science if reads the Jain treatment ot matter will be surprised to find many corresponding ideas. arthAta eka vijJAna kA vidyArthI jaba jaina darzanakA paramANu siddhAMta paDhatA hai to vijJAna aura jaina darzanameM Azcaryajanaka kSamatA pAtA hai| paNDita mAdhavAcArya kA kathana hai ki Adhunika vijJAna ke sarvaprathama janmadAtA bhagavAna mahAvora the| paramANu pudgala varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza sahita hone se rupI hai| paraMtu dRSTigocara nahIM hote| aise anaMta paramANu pudagala ekatrita hone se skaMdha banatA hai| vaha bhI koI koI dRSTigocara nahIM hote hai| jaise ki bhASA kA zabda, gaMdha ke pudgala, havA ke pudgala dRSTigocara nahIM hote| parantu Aja ke vijJAnane siddha kara diyA hai ki, ve pudagala dRSTigocara nahIM hote to bhI Telivhijana, reDio, vAyaralesa, Teliphona TeparekaoNrDa, TelipriMTa, phonogrApha ke rekArDa meM zabdoM ko pakaDakara saMgrahIta kiyA jAtA hai aura ve zabda sunAI bhI dete haiN| ve rupI hai isalie mazIna kI sahAyatA se pakaDe jAte haiN| yaha jaina darzanane aneka varSoM pahale siddha kara diyA hai / jaina darzana ke tattva ko vijJAna ke sAtha meM siddha kiyA jAtA hai| ataH jaina tattva vijJAna-siddha hai| jaina darzana kA trividha sAdhanA mArga -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jaina darzana meM mokSa kI prApti ke liye vividha sAdhanA mArga batAyA gayA hai| tattvArtha sUtra meM samyak jJAna, samyak * darzana aura samyak cAritra ko mokSa mArga kahA gayA hai|' utarAdhyayana sUtra meM samyak jJAna, samyaka darzana, samyak cAritra aura samyaka tapa aise caturvidha mokSamArga kA bhI vidhAna hai, kintu jaina AcAryoM ne tapa kA antarbhAva cAritra meM karake isa vividha sAdhanA mArga ko hI mAnya kiyA hai| trividha sAdhanA mArga hI kyoM ? - sambhavataH yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki trividha sAdhanA mArga kA hI vidhAna kyoM kiyA gayA hai ? vastutaH vividha sAdhanA mArga ke vidhAna meM jaina AcAryoM kI eka gahana manovaijJAnika sUjha rahI huI hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se mAnavIya cetanA ke tIna pahalu mAne gaye haiN| 1 jJAna 2 bhAva aura 3 sNklp| cetanA ke ina tInoM pakSoM ke vikAsa ke lie trividha sAdhanA mArga ke vidhAna kA prAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai| cetanA ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa ko sahI dizA meM niyojita karane ke liye samyak darzana, jJAnAtmaka pakSa ke sahI dizA meM niyojana ke lie jJAna aura saMkalSAtmaka pakSa ke sahI dizA meM niyojana ke liye samyak cAritra kA prAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai| * vikrama vizvavidyAlaya ke jaina darzana sambandhI semInAra meM paThita nibandha / jaina darzana kA trividha sAdhanA mArga 365