Shabda Prayogoni Pagdandi

Author(s): H C Bhayani
Publisher: ZZ_Anusandhan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229473/1

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zabdaprayogonI pagadaMDI cAuri, gabdikA, garta harivallabha bhAyANI moniara-viliamjhanA saMskRta-aMgrejI kozamAM 'catura', 'cAtura' ane 'cAturaka' zabdo prAcIna saMskRta kozomA 'nAnuM goLa ozIkuM' evA arthamAM ane 'galla-cAturI' zabda 'gAlamasUriyu' evA arthamA ApyA che. hakIkate A zabdarUpo dezya zabda 'cAuri' eTale 'gAdI' uparathI banAvI kADhelA saMskRta zabdarUpo che. 'cAuri' zabda puSpadaMtanA apabhraMza mahAkAvya 'mahApurANa'mAM vaparAyo che ane tyAM prAcIna TippaNamAM 'gAdIti dezI' e rIte te dezya zabda hovAnuM ane teno artha 'gAdI' thato hovArnu jaNAvyuM che. juo ratnA zrIyAn kRta 'e kriTikala sTaDI ova mahApurANa ova puSpadaMta' (1962, pR. 231, kramAMka 943; pR. 320, kramAMka 1394). jUnI gujarAtI kRtiomAM 'cAuri' zabda 'gAdI'nA arthamAM vAraMvAra vaparAyo che. jema 'cAuri' uparathI 'cAtura', 'cAturI' evo saMskRta zabda ghaDI kaDhAyo, tema 'gAdI' uparathI kRtrima rIte ghaDI kADhelo 'gabdikA' jaina prabaMdhAdinA saMskRtamAM maLe che. 'gAdI' ke 'gaddI' ghaNI arvAcIna bhAratIya-Arya bhASAomAM maLe che. tenA mULa tarIke 'garda' evaM rUpa aTakaLI zakAya. vaidika zabda 'gata' ' rathanI beThaka'nuM e rUpAMtara hovAnuM samajI zakAya (juo, Tarnarano bhAratIyaAryano tulanAtmaka koza, kramAMka 4053). 'gADI' zabdanuM mULa e 'garna/garda' mAM ja che. (2) prA. chea- 'aMta, hAni' saMskRta 'cheda-' uparathI prAkRtamA 'chea-' niyama pramANe thAya che. paNa prAkRtamAM teno arthavistAra thayo che. 'cheda, kApo' uparAMta 'cheDo, nyUnatA' evA arthamAM paNa te vaparAyo che ('pAiasaddamahaNNavo'). prabhAcaMdrAcArya kRta 'prabhAvaka carita' (i.sa. 1278) mAM Apela bappabhaTTisUricaritamAM, choDI gayelA bappabhaTTisUrine rAjA Ama nAgAvaloka [39]

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jyAre saMdezo mokale che, tyAre bappabhaTTisUri tenA pratyuttara rUpe je gAdhAo mokale che, temAM eka apabhraMza dohA nIce pramANe che : haMsA jahiM gaya tahiM ji gaya, mahimaMDaNA havaMti / chehau tAhaM mahAsarahaM, je haMserhi muccati // artha : 'haMso jyAM paNa jAya che tyAM teo dharatIne zobhAve che. hAni to te mahAna sarovarane thAya che jene haMso choDI jAya che.' (A eka anyokti che.) A ja dohA gaNapati kRta 'mAdhavAnala kAmakaMdalA prabaMdha'mAM (I.sa. 1528) najIvA pAThAMtare uddhRta thayo che (3, 91). tyAM 'chehau'ne badale pAchaLanuM rUpAMtara 'cheha' maLe che. hemacaMdrAcAryanA 'siddhahema'mAM udAharaNa tarIke Apela eka dohAmAM (84- 390) 'taM cheau nahu lAhu ( = e to hAni che. lAbha nathI') e pramANe 'chea - ' zabda 'nyUnatA, hAni'nA arthamAM maLe che. 'tUTavuM' ane 'toTo' sAdhe 'chiMdai' ane 'cheau' sarakhAvatAM 'hAni, nyUnatA' evaM arthaparivartana samajI zakAze. 'chea- 'mAM hakArano Agama thatAM 'cheha' evaM rUpa thayuM che. 'chea-' zabda 'cheDo' evA arthamAM dezya zabda tarIke hemacaMdrAcArye 'dezInAmamAlA' mAM (3, 38) Apyo che. A artha 'cheka', 'cheDo', 'chelluM', 'chevADo' ane 'chevaTa' e gujarAtI zabdomAM jaLavAyo che. saM. 'cheda' - prA. chea+kka, guja. cheka (sarakhAvo saM. sthita-, prA. Thia+kka, guja. ThIka). saM. cheda-, prA. chea-, apa. cheha+Dau, guja. cheDo. saM. cheda- prA. chea-, guja. chea-, cheha + illauM chehillauM, chelluM. chedapATaka-, cheavADaa-, chevADuM ('agavADuM', 'pachavADuM', 'muvADuM', ane 'chevADuM' mAM mULa 'pATaka' puMlliMgane badale napuMsakaliMga che, 'pADo', 'vADo'mAM mULa pramANe puMliMga che.) saM. chedapRSTha-, prA. cheauTTha, guja. cheuTha, chavaTa e rIte ukta zabdonuM rUpaparivartana samajAvI zakAya . [40]

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gujarAtImAM 'cheha devo'='vizvAsaghAta karakho' emAM je 'cheha' che temAM 'cheha'no 'hAni' artha badalAIne 'vizvAsaghAta' evo artha thayo haze ke kema te vicAraNIya che. cho, acho, bhale 'cho' eTale 'bhale' ('cho jato', 'jAya', 'cho kare'). bRguko.mAM tenuM mULa ApyuM nathI. prA. 'accha'-('hovU') dhAtunuM AjJArtha trI. pu. eka va, 'acchau' ('ema) ho', '(ema ja) bhale rahetuM', 'rahevA devA do' evI arthachAyAomAM jANItuM che. pachI 'chaDa' ane 'cho'. __'acho acho vAnAM karavAM' eTale 'koIkane mATe Adara satkAra rUpe ghaj ghaNuM karavU'. temAM paNa kAM to 'acchau acchau' 'ema ho', 'ema ho' athavA 'rahevA do, rahe do, beso beso' (bIjo pu. ba.va.) evA mULa artha uparathI atithinI sAthenA vyavahAramA vAraMvAra e pramANe AdarathI kahyA karavU te parathI thayelo rUDhiprayoga che. __ 'cho jato', cho jAya', 'cho kareM' vagaire ane 'bhale jato', 'bhale jAya', "bhale kare' ekArthaka che. bagako.mAM A 'bhale'nA mULa tarIke saM. 'bhadra-' uparathI thayela prA. 'bhalla' ane pachI guja. 'bhalaM'nuM karaNa-vibhakta eka va.nuM rUpa ApyuM che.paNa bIjo eka vikalpa paNa vicArI zakAya. 'bhale bhale' e prazaMsAsUcaka udgAranA mULamAM rahelo 'bhadra' maMgaLavAcI che. ApaNI madhyakAlIna varNamALA-mAtRkA-no AraMbha 'bhale'thI thato tenI 6 evI AkRti jaina hastapratomAM jANItI che. bhale, pachI zUnya (mIMDu) ane pachI be UbhI rekhAe varNamALAne AraMbhe maMgaLasUcaka cihme tarIke mukAtAM. ___ hIrANaMdasUriracita 'sthUlibhadrakAka' mAM 'bhale'nuM bAvana akSarone AraMbhe maMgaLa sthAna hovAna kA che : bhale bhalerI akkharahaM bAvannahaM dhuri eha / jAkhala-sekhala ('yakSapratimA, nAgapratimA)' nemicandra bhaMDArI kRta 'SaSTizataka prakaraNa' (12mI sadIno aMta-13mIno [41]

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AraMbha) uparanA somasuMdara-sUrinA bAlAvabodhamAM (i.sa. 1440) mULa gAthAnA jakkha-sikkha zabdano artha jUnI gujarAtImAM 'jAkhala'-sekhala evo karyo cha (pR. 83, paM. 2, 16). AmAM jAkha eTale 'yakSa' ane sekha eTale 'zeSanAga', 'nAga'. AnA vivaraNa rUpe 'gotraja pitara pramukha' ema kardA che. saMdarbha evo che ke lekhaka kahe che : vezyA, bhATa, purohita, Doma (lokagAyaka), yakSa, nAga vageramA je Asakta hoya, temanA bhakta hoya teone te pholI khAya che. eTale temanI pUjAthI dUra rahe. jinadharmamAM sthira rahevU. saM. yakSa, prA. jakkha, jU. guja. jAkha. saM zeSa, ardhatatsama sekha. temanI pratimA, mUrtino artha darzAvavA temane la pratyaya lAgyo che, jAkhala = 'yakSapratimA'. sekhala = 'nAga pratimA'. yakSa parathI arvAcIna bhAratIya-Arya bhASAomAM UtarI AvelA zabdo mATe juo Tarnarano bhAratIyaArya bhASAono tulanAtmaka koza. __ mULa vastunI mUrta anukRti sUcavato la ke la pratyaya pUtaLa (saM. putra, prA. putta, jU. guja. pUtAla), nAgalAM (nAga+la) 'nAganI AkRti' bheMsalo (bheMsola) 'pADanI AkRtino khar3aka' ane kadAca DhIgalI jevAmAM maLe che. (saMdarbha : 'SaSTizataka prakaraNa'. saMpA. bho. ja. sAMDesarA. 1953. prAcIna 'gUrjara kAvya saMcaya' (saMpA. ha. bhAyANI, a. nAhaTA. 1975)).. ___ jUnI guja.mAM 'jAkhu' (="yakSa') pAlhaNakRta 'AbUrAsa'mAM maLato hovAnuM sAMDesarAe noMdhyuM che. te uparAMta depAlakRta 'kayavannA-vivAhalu' (15mI zatAbdI)mAM paNa te vaparAyo che. kaDI 6. ('prAcIna gUrjara kAvya saMcaya', zabdakozamAM). kacchanA gAma-nAma 'jakhau' (saM. 'yakSakUpa)mAM paNa te zabda sacavAyo che. AvA hetu mATe bIjA pratyayo paNa vaparAtA. jema ke guja. dAMta-dAMto, pAya-pAyo, hAtha-hAtho, kAna-kAno, nAka-nAkuM, jIbhajIbhI, mAthu-mathALu, moDhuM-moDhiyuM, ghara-gharaM, vagaire vagaire. AmAM kakAra vagere pratikRti-vAcaka che. 'siddhahema' (7-1-110) uparanI madhyama vRtti-avacUrimAM kahela cha ke 'hastinaH pratikRtayo hastikAH-rAmekaDA [42]

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iti lokruuddhiH|' eTale ke 'hAthI- ramakaIM lokomA 'hastika' (='hAthiyo') kahevAya. taNI 'doraDI' i. sa. 1355mAM racela taruNaprabhAcAryanA 'SaDAvazyaka-bAlAvabodha-vRtti'mAM samyaktvanA aticArathI nivRtta thavAno upadeza ApatAM je aticAro kahyA che, temAMno eka aticAra te dharmAcaraNanA phaLa vize saMdeha. Ane mATeno khAsa zabda che 'vicikitsA'. enA udAharaNa tarIke vRttimA vANiyA ane coranI kathA ApelI che. mitre Apelo AkAzagAminI vidyAno maMtra sAdhavA mahezvaradatta kALI caudazanI rAte zmazAnamAM gayo, ane jenI nIce agnikuMDa che tevI vRkSanI DALIe laTakatA bAMdhelA zIkAmAM besI te maMtrano jApa karavA lAgyo. jApa pUro karIne te eka eka 'taNI' khaDgano prahAra karI toDato hato. cothI 'taNI' chedavAno jyAre vAro Avyo tyAre tenA manamAM saMdeha pragaTyo, 'vidyA siddha thAya ke na thAya, paNa mAeM mRtyu to cokasa thAya'. eTale te pharI pharI zIkuM bAMdhIne pharI pharI chellI ghaDIe saMdeha karato. eTalAmAM pAchaLa pakaDavA AvatI vArathI nAsato eka cora zmazAnamA peTho, ane jhADa para vAraMvAra caDatAUtaratA mahezvaradattane joI teNe kaDaM ke 'tuM mane maMtra Apa ane tenA badalamAM A dhana tuM le.' mahezvaradatte sATuM kabUla karyu ane corane maMtra zIkhavyo. core zIkA para caDI eka ja ghAe cAreya 'taNI' chedI AkAzagAminI vidyA siddha karI. ____ ahIM 'taNI' eTale jenA var3e zIkuM jhADanI DALIe bAMdhyuM che te cAra doraDI. 'SaDAvazyaka-bAlAvabodhavRtti'nA saMpAdaka sadgata Do. prabodha paMDite bhUlathI 'taNI'no artha 'ghAsanuM taNakhaluM karyo che. gujarAtI kozomAM 'taNI'no 'baLadanI nAthe bAMdhelI dorI' ane 'taMbunI dorI' evA artha ApelA che. moniara-viliamjhanA saMskRta-aMgrejI kozamAM saMskRta 'tanikA' ('doraDI')no prayoga mAghanA 'zizupAlavadha (5, 61)mAMthI noMdhyo che. 'tanikA' zabda 'tan'='tANavU' dhAtu parathI sadhAyo che. saM. 'tantu', 'tanti', guja. 'taMti', 'tAMto', 'tAMtaNo'nA mULamAM paNa e ja dhAtu che. ahIM e paNa noMdhaq [43]

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rasaprada che ke, 'doraDI' zabda parathI banAvI kADhelo saMskRta 'dviraTikA' (- doraDI) jaMbhaladattanI 'vetAlapaMcaviMzatikA' mAM vaparAyo che. vRkSa upara laTakatA zabanI 'dviraTikA' kApIne vikramarAjA tene nIce dharatI para nAkhe che. e kRtinA saMpAdaka Do. emenone A gujarAtI 'doraDI' e zabdanA mULamAM che tenI gaMdha paNa kyAMthI hoya ? do nuM saMskRta rUpaM dvi ane bAkI rahela raDInuM karyu saMskRta raTikA ! (6) prA. toDahiA 'eka prakArano Dhola' 1. udyotanasUrIe 'kuvalayamAlA' (i.sa. 779) mAM Apela aneka ramaNIya, vAstavika, tAdRzya zabdacitromA eka sthaLe je suMdara saMdhyAsamayanA vyavahAranuM varNana kareluM che (pR. 82-83) temAM vividha devasthAnomAM thaI rahelI pravRttinI vigato ApelI che. tenA samayanA bhinnamAla jevA nagaronA jIvanano AmAM vAstavika AdhAra hoya ema mAnI zakIe. yajJamaMDapomAM maMtroccAra sAdhe tala, ghI, ane samidha homavAno tataDATa, brAhmaNazALAmAM vedapAThano gaMbhIra ghoSa, zivAlayomAM manahara AkSiptikAnuM gAna, dhArmiko ( vratI saMnyAsIo) nA maThomAM DamarunAda, kApAlikonA dharmasthAnamAM ghaMya ane DamarunuM vAdana, zerIonA cokanA zivamaMdiromAM 'toDahiA' vAdyono ghoMghATa, agrahAromA 'bhagavadgItA' nuM paThana, jinAlayomAM guNamahimAnA stotroccAra, buddhavihAromA karuNApUrNa vacanonA udgAra, caMDImaMdiromAM pracaMDa ghaMTAnAda, kArtikeyanA devaLomAM mora, kUkaDA, cakalAMno kalabalATa, unnata mRdaMgavAdana sAthai suMdarI othI gavAtA madhura gIta AvA prakAranA dhvanio saMbhaLAtA hatA. ( AkSiptikA vizenI noMdhamAM meM 'kuvalayamAlA'nA A saMdarbhano upayoga karyo che. juo Indological Studies, pR. 82). 2. uparyukta varNanamAM 'toDahiyAM - pukkariyaiM' (athavA pAThAMtare 'cukkariyaI' ) evo je prayoga che, temAM toDahiyAno eka vAdya tarIke nirdeza che. 'AcArAGgasUtra' paranI zIlAMkAcAryanI vRttimAM 'AcArAGga' mAM eka sthAne prayukta (sAgarAnandasUri-saMpAdana, pR. 275, sU. 168, jaina Agama granthamAlA vALA saMpAdanamAM pR. 241, sU. 672) bhikSukane je zabdadhvaniothI dUra rahevA kahyuM che, temAM te [44]

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saMdarbhamAM nirdiSTa vividha vAdyadhvaniomAM kharamuhi-vAdyano paNa nirdeza che, kharamuhi zabdano tohADikA (sAgarA0) ke toDahikA, toTTahikA (jaina A.) evo artha Apyo che. 'kuvalayamAlA' vALo prayoga jotAM tohADikA ane toTTahikA e bhraSTa pATho che. toDahikA (=toDahiA) e sAcaM svarUpa che. 'pAiasaddamahaNNavo'mAM toDahiA zabda 'AcArAGga 2, 12 evA nirdeza sAthe Apelo che te A zIlAMkAcArye kahelo kharamuhi no artha ja hoya. 'dezI zabdakoza'mAM (pR. 237)mAtra 'kuvalayamAlA'no saMdarbha ja Apyo che. 'nizIthacUrNi' anusAra kharamukhI eTale evaM kAhalA-vAdya, jenA mukhasthAne gadheDAnA moM jevU lAkaDAnuM mukha banAveluM hoya che ('AcArAGga', jaina A., pR. 241). 'dezInAmamAlA' (2, 82)mAM gahabbha zabda 'karNakaTu dhvani' evA arthamAM Apelo che. pAsama.mAM teno prayoga 'samarAiccakahA'mAM hovAno nirdeza che. 'kuvalayamAlA mAM eka sthAne (pR. 67, paM. 7) mAMgalika stuti ane 'jaya jaya'nA ghoSanA ghoMghATanA arthamAM, to bIjA eka sthAne (pR. 68, paM. 30) pracaMDa rAkSasanA aTTahAsyanA ghora zabda mATe gaddabbha vaparAyo che. eka aTakaLa evI karI zakAya ke kharamukhI-vAdyano ghoMghATa ('pukAra' ke 'cuMkAra') ane gadheDAnA bhuMkavAnA zabda parathI A gaddabbha (gArdabhya) zabda pracAramAM Avyo hoya. (saMdarbha : AcArAGgasUtra, saMpA. sAgarAnandasUri. punarmudraNa 1978). ,, jaina Agama granthamAlA, 2 (1), 1977. kuvalayamAlA. udyonanasUrikRta. saMpA. A. ne. upAdhye. 1. 1959. bhAga 2. 1970. dezInAmamAlA. hemacaMdrAcAryakRta. dezI zabdakoza. saMpA. muni. dulaharAja. 1988. pAiasaddamahaNNavo. saMpA. ha. zeTha. 1963. Indological Studies. H. C. Bhayani, 1993 . dulI 'kAcabo' hemacaMdrAcArye dulI zabda 'kAcabo' evA arthamAM dezya zabda tarIke 'dezInAmamAlA' (pR. 42)mAM noMdhyo che. temanA 'abhidhAna-cintAmaNi'(1353)mA [45]

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dauleya 'kAcabo' ane dulI 'kAcabI' e saMskRta zabdo tarIke ApyA che. prAkRtakozamA DulI evaM zabdarUpa paNa maLe che. dulI ane DulI zabdano prayoga 'upadezapada'mAM thayo hovAnuM noMdhyu che. A zabdano prayoga isavIsana pUrve trIjI zatAbdI jeTalo to jUno che ja. azokanA tenA rAjyAbhiSekanA 26mA varase kotasavelA staMbhalekhomAM (rAmapUrvA, rAdhiA, mAthiA) Apela pAMcamA dharmazAsanamA je prANIone avadhya gaNavAno Adeza Apyo che temanI sUcimAM duDi (ke duLi) no paNa nirdeza maLe che. ane azokalekhonA niSNAtoe teno 'mIThA jaLano nAno kAcabo' evo artha ko che, guja. zeLo hemacaMdrAcAryakRta 'abhidhAna-cintAmaNi'mAM zalya, zalala, zalyaka ane zvAvidh e zabdo 'sAhuDI' ke 'zeDhI, zeDhALI'nA arthamA ApelA che. sAhuDI ane zeLo bane kAMTavALa prANI hoIne temanA vAcaka zabdonA artha vacce goyaLo thavo svAbhAvika che. saM. jAhaka, prA. jAhaga zeLAno vAcaka che, paNa prAkRta kozamAM teno 'sAhuDI' evo artha apAyo che. zalalaH ke tenuM svArthika ka vALu rUpa zalalakaH. temAthI lagolaga rahelA be lakAramAthI pahelAno lopa thatAM prAkRta bhUmikAe sayalao evaM rUpa siddha thAya. lagolaga rahelA be ra ke Na mAMthI pahelAno lopa karavAnuM valaNa nIcenAM dRSTAMtomA pratIta thAya che : saM. karIra, prA, kaIra, guja. keraDo. saM. zarIra, prA. saIra, guja. sayara. saM. paMcAnana, prA. paMcAyaNa, jU. guja. paMcAyaNa. A valaNa anusAra thayela sayalao uparathI pachI sayalau ane zeLo banyA. ekArane prabhAve s tAlavya banyo. (9) siUrA mohanalAla dalIcaMda dezAInA 'jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa mAM (pR. 556, kaMDikA 11) noMdhyuM che ke bAdazAha akabaranA jIvana ane kAryane [46]

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lagatA abulaphajhalanA graMtha 'Ayane akabarI' mAM (bIvarejano aMgrejI anuvAda, pR. 3, prakaraNa 45, pR. 365) akabare phatehapura sikrImA i.sa. 1578mAM sthApela ebAdatakhAnAmAM ghaNA dharmonA je pratinidhio dharma saMbaMdhI carcA calavatA hatA, temAM suphI, dArzaniko, sunnI, zIA, brAhmaNa, jatI, siUrA, cArvAka, nAjhareta vagaireno samAveza thato hato. vinsenTa smithe A yAdImAM je 'siUrA' zabda che tenI upara noMdha ApatAM 'siUrA' (="zramaNo') eno bIjAe karelo 'bauddho' evo artha sAco nathI, paNa te zvetAMbara jaino hatA ema kaDaM hovAnu paNa dezAIe noMdhyuM che. ___ A siUrA eTale tatkAlIna Urdu ke gujarAtI bhASAno kayo mULa zabda ? tenuM mULa zuM ? saM. zvetapaTaH, 'prA. seavaDo, tenA parathI jUnI gujarAtI sevaDu vistArita sevaDau, bahuvacana sevaDA. 'prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi mAM zaiva vAmarAzie kaheluM hemacaMdrAcAryanI niMdArUpa je saMskRta padya Apyu cha (pR. 92, padyakramAMka 200) temAM hemaDasevaDa evo prayoga karela che jenA mULamAM tatkAlIna bolacAlano zvetAMbarone lagato zabdaprayoga che. A sevaDA- abulaphajhale phArasI uccAraNa siUsa evaM karela che. [47]