Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya zrItulasI sarvadharma samabhAva aura syAdvAda dharma eka hI hai isalie 'sarva-dharma' aisA prayoga sahI nahIM hai. jaba dharma aneka nahIM taba samabhAva kina para ho ? nizcayadRSTi se yaha dhAraNA ucita hai. vyavahAra kI dhAraNA isase bhinna hai. jaba hama dharma aura sampradAya ko eka hI zabda se abhihita karate haiM, taba dharma aneka ho jAte haiM aura una saba para samabhAva rakhane kA prazna bhI upasthita hotA hai. para pratiprazna yaha hai ki jo dharma sama nahIM haiM una para samabhAva kaise rakhA jAe? koI dharma ahiMsA kA samarthana karatA hai aura koI nahIM karatA. kyA una donoM ko sama-dRSTi se dekhA jAe? yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ? prakAza aura dhUmila ko sama nahIM mAnA jA sakatA. jo viSama haiM, unheM sama mAnanA mithyA dRSTikoNa hai. kintu syAdvAda ke saMdarbha meM samabhAva kA artha hogA apane bhAvoM kA samIkaraNa. jisakA dRSTikoNa anekAntasparzI hotA hai vahI vyakti pratyeka dharma ke satyAMza ko svIkAra aura asatyAMza kA parihAra karane meM sama (taTastha) raha sakatA hai. dharma ke vicAra aneka haiM. koI kAlavAdI hai, koI svabhAvavAdI. koI IzvaravAdI hai, koI yadRcchAvAdI. koI niyativAdI hai, koI puruSArthavAdI . koI karmavAdI hai, koI paristhitivAdI. koI pravRttivAdI hai, koI nivRttivAdI. zvetAzvatara-upaniSad meM ullekha hai ki-kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, bhUta aura puruSa--ye alaga-alaga vizva ke kAraNa nahIM haiM aura inakA saMyoga bhI AtmA ke adhIna hai, isalie vaha bhI vizva kA kAraNa nahIM hai. AtmA sukha, duHkha ke hetuoM ke adhIna hai, isalie vaha bhI vizva kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA.' brahmavAdI vicAradhArA pravRtta huI taba usake sAmane ye abhimata pracalita the. mahAbhArata meM hameM kAla, svabhAva Adi kA samarthana karanevAle asuroM ke siddhAMta milate haiM. prahlAda svabhAvavAdI the. indra ne unase pUchA- "Apa rAjya-bhraSTa hokara bhI zoka-mukta kaise haiM ?"2 prahlAda ne kahA- "merI yaha nizcita dhAraNA hai ki saba kucha svabhAva se hI prApta hotA hai. merI Atma-niSTha-buddhi bhI isake viparIta vicAra nahIM rakhatI.' isI prakAra indra ke prazna para asurarAja bali ne kAla ke kartRtva kA samarthana kiyA. namuci ne niyativAda ke samarthana meM kahA-"puruSa ko jo vastu jisa prakAra milanevAlI hotI hai, vaha usa prakAra mila hI jAtI hai. jisakI jaisI bhavitavyatA hotI hai, vaha vaisA hI hotA hai."5 1. zvetAzvatara 1.2 kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryahacchA, bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyaa| saMyogaH eSAM na tvAtmabhAvA-dAtmApyanozaH sukhaduHkhahetoH / 2. mahAbhArata zAntiparva 223.11 3. mahAbhArata zAntiparva 223.23, 227.73 kAlaH karttA vikartA ca, sarvamanyadakAraNam / nAzaM vinAzamaizvarya, sukhaM duHkhaM bhavAbhavau / / 4. mahAbhArata zAntiparva 224 / 5-60 5. mahAbhArata zAntiparva 226.10 Kwww.Gonelibrary.org
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ --------------------- 322 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya syAdvAda kI maryAdA ke anusAra kAla, svabhAva Adi kArya kI niSpatti meM kAraNa haiM, para ye viyukta hokara kisI kArya ko niSpanna nahIM karate. inakA samucita yoga hone para hI kArya niSpanna hotA hai. AcArya siddhasena ke zabdoM meM--'kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta aura puruSArtha'-ye pAMcoM kAraNa paraspara nirapekSa hokara ayathArtha bana jAte haiM aura ye hI paraspara sApekSa hokara yathArtha bana jAte haiM." vastusthityA kartRtva svayaM padArtha meM hotA hai. pratyeka padArtha kA saMsthAna svayaM saMcAlita hotA hai. kAla Adi usake saMcAlana meM nimitta kAraNa banate haiM. padArtha aura usakI kAraNa-sAmagrI se atirikta kisI zakti meM kartRtva kA Aropa karane kI koI apekSA nahIM. phira bhI kucha dArzanika IzvarakartRtva kI sthApanA karate haiM. haribhadra sUri ne syAdvAda bhASA meM kahA-"kartA vahI hotA hai jo parama Izvara hai. AtmA parama Izvara hai. vaha apane svabhAva-kArya kA kartA hai. kartRvAda amAnya hI nahIM, hameM mAnya bhI hai.2" koI dArzanika sthAyitva kA Agraha karatA hai, koI parivartana kA. kintu syAdvAdI donoM kA pratyeka vastu meM samAhAra karatA hai. isIlie usakI dRSTi meM kevala sthAyI yA kevala parivartanazIla padArtha hotA hI nahIM. jisameM virodhI dharmoM kA saha-astitva na ho, vaha asat hai--vaisI vastu kA koI astitva hI nahIM hai. samabhAva syAdvAda kA pUrva rUpa hai aura saha-astitva usakA phalita hai. yadi saba padArtha yA eka padArtha ke aneka dharma avirodhI hI hote to padArtha eka hI hotA aura eka padArtha bhI eka dharma se yukta hotA, kintu aisA nahIM hai aura isIlie nahIM hai ki aneka virodhI padArtha aura hara padArtha meM aneka virodhI dharma haiM. jinakI dRSTi viSama hotI hai, ve aisA mAnate haiM ki virodhI vastuoM yA dharmoM kA saha-astitva ho hI nahIM sakatA. kintu samadRSTi vAle aisA mAnate haiM ki saha-astitva, unhIM kA hotA hai jo virodhI aMzoM se pRthak astitva rakhate haiM. yaha vastu-jagat ke prati syAdvAda kA saha-astitva siddhAnta hai. dhArmika jagat ke prati bhI syAdvAda kA phalita yahI hai. yaha dekhakara kaSTa hotA hai ki kucha jaina vidvAn syAdvAda kA pUrA nirvAha nahIM kara sake. vAda-vivAda ke kSetra meM vaise utare, jaise ekAntavAdI dArzanika utare the. samadRSTi utanI nahIM rahI jitanI syAdvAda kI pRSThabhUmi meM rahanI cAhie. isIlie usakA phalita, saha-astitva, utanA vikasita nahIM ho sakA, jitanA honA cAhie. zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM eka hI mahAvRkSa kI mahAn zAkhAeM haiM. unake siddhAnta-nirUpaNa meM bhI koI bahuta maulika antara nahIM hai. phira bhI donoM zAkhAoM ke vidvAnoM ne matabheda kI samIkSA meM aise zabda prayoga kiye haiM, jo vAMchanIya nahIM the. lagatA hai ki syAdvAda kI maryAdA aba vikasita ho rahI hai. zvetAmbara aura digambara dhArA kI dUrI miTa rahI hai. saha-astitva niSpanna ho rahA hai. syAdvAda eka samudra hai. usameM sAre vAda vilIna hote haiM. jitane vacana-patha haiM utane hI nayavAda haiM, aura jitane nayavAda haiM utane hI darzana haiM. 1. sanmatiprakaraNa 3.53 kAlo sahAva NiyaI puvakayaM purisa kAraNegataM / micchattaM te cevA (va) samAsao hoMti sammattaM / / 2. zAstravArtAsamuccaya 207 paramaizvaryayuktatvAd, mata prAtmaiva ceshvrH| sa ca karteti nidoSaH kattu vAdo vyavasthitaH / / 3. sanmatiprakaraNa 3/47 jAvazyA bayaNapahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti eyavAyA / jAvazyA NayavAyA tAvazyA ceva parasamayA / / JainERESE marana O neDrary.org
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zrAcArya tulasI : sarva-dharma samabhAva aura syAvAda : 323 dharma yA darzana kI tAlikA bahuta lambI hai. unake vicAroM kA bheda bhI bahuta tIvra hai. unakA samanvaya karanA koI sarala kAma nahIM hai. para syAdvAda kA mUla samanvaya kI gaharAI meM nahIM hai. usakA mUla sAdhanA kI gaharAI meM hai. vaha vahAM taka pahuMcatI hai jahAM satya hI AdhAra hai. prophesara kItha kA maMtavya hai-"darzana ke prati jainiyoM kI dena, jahA~ taka vaha maulika thI, isa prayatna ke rUpa meM hai ki jo sthira vastu hai aura jo asthira hai una donoM ke virodha kA samAdhAna kaise kiyA jAe ? unakA samAdhAna isa rUpa meM hai ki eka sthira sattA ke rahate hue bhI vaha barAbara parivartanazIla hai. yahI siddhAnta nyAya meM prasiddha syAdvAda kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai. isa vAda ko mUlataH isa rUpa meM kaha sakate haiM ki eka artha meM kisI bAta ko kahA jA sakatA hai, jabaki dUsare artha meM usI kA niSedha bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai. parantu jainadarzana kA koI gambhIra vikAsa nahIM ho sakA. kyoMki yaha Avazyaka samajhA gayA ki jainadarzana jisa rUpa meM paramparA se prApta thA, usako vaisA hI mAna lenA cAhie aura isa avasthA meM use bauddhika AdhAra para khar3A nahIM kiyA jA sakatA.' pro0 kItha kA niSkarSa pUrNataH yathArtha nahIM hai to pUrNata: ayathArtha bhI nahIM hai. jaina vidvAn paramparA-sevI rahe haiM. parantu jainadarzana kA gambhIra vikAsa nahIM huA, yaha sahI nahIM hai. isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki jaina-paramparA meM tarka- zAstra kA utanA vikAsa nahIM huA jitanA naiyAyika aura bauddha dhArA meM huA. isakA kAraNa yahI mAnyatA thI ki satya kI upalabdhi tarka ke dvArA nahIM, kintu sAdhanA ke dvArA hotI hai. syAdvAda eka tarka-vyUha ke rUpa meM gRhIta nahIM huA, kintu satya ke eka dvAra ke rUpa meM gRhIta huA. kevala syAdvAda ko jAnane vAlA saba dharmoM para samabhAva nahIM rakha sakatA, kintu jo ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kara cukA, vahI saba dharmoM para samabhAva rakha sakatA hai. syAdvAda ahiMsA kA hI eka prakAra hai. jo ahiMsaka na ho aura syAdvAdI ho, yaha utanA hI asambhava hai ki koI vyakti hiMsaka ho aura zuSka tarkavAdI na ho. kauTilya ne tarkavidyA ko saba dharmoM kA AdhAra kahA hai.2 isake viparIta bhartRhari kA mata hai--"kuzala anumAtA ke dvArA anumita artha bhI dUsare pravara tAkika dvArA ulaTa diyA jAtA hai. isI Azaya ke sandarbha meM AcArya kundakunda ne kahA thA-"kore jJAna se nirvANa nahIM hotA, yadi zraddhA na ho. korI zraddhA se bhI vaha prApta nahIM hotA, yadi saMyama na ho." jaina vidvAnoM ne saMyama aura zraddhA se samanvita jJAna kA vikAsa kiyA, isalie unakA tarkazAstra syAdvAda kI paridhi se bAhara vikasita nahIM ho sakatA thA. tarka se vicikitsA kA anta nahIM hotA. vahI tarka jaba syAdvAdasparzI hotA hai, to vicikitsA samApta ho jAtI hai. tarkazAstra ke sAre aMgoM kA jaina AcAryoM ne sparza kiyA aura hara dRSTikoNa ko unhoMne mAnyatA dI. unake sAmane asatya kucha bhI nahIM thA. asatya thA kevala ekAntavAda aura mithyA Agraha. Agraha na ho to cArvAka kA dRSTikoNa bhI asatya nahIM hai, vaha indriyagamya satya hai. vedAnta kA dRSTikoNa bhI asatya kaise hai? vaha atIndriya satya hai. indriyagamya aura atIndriya donoM kA samanvaya pUrNa satya hai. 1. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pRSTha 586 2. kauTalIya arthazAstra 12 AzrayaH sarvadharmANAM, zazvadAnvIkSikI matA / 3. vAkyapadIya 1 / 34 yatnenAnumitopyarthaH kuzalairanumAtRbhiH / abhiyuktatarairanyai ranyathaivopapAdyate / / / 4. pravacanasAra cAritrAdhikAra / 37 Na hi AgameNa sijhadi saddahaNaM jadi Na asthi atthesu / saddahamANo atthe, asaMjado vA Na NivAdi / / variadelibrary.org
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3.24 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya 0-0--0----0-0--0--0--0-0 samanvaya yA samabhAva kI dizA meM haribhadra sUri kA dRSTikoNa bahuta prazasta hai. unhoMne likhA hai-"jisa prakAra amUrta AtmA ke sAtha mUrta karma kA sambandha jaina dRSTi se ghaTita hotA hai, amUrta AkAza ke sAtha ghaTa kA sambandha hotA hai, amUrta jJAna para mUrta madirA kA AghAta hotA hai, vaise hI sAMkhya kA prakRtivAda ghaTita ho sakatA hai. kapila muni divyajJAnI the. ve bhalA asatya kase kahate ?" mahAtmA buddha ne kSaNika-vAda kA upadeza Asakti miTAne ke lie, vijJAna-vAda kA upadeza bAhya-padArthoM se vimukta rakhane ke lie diyA. ve bhalA vinA prayojana ke aisI bAta kaise kahate. advaita kI dezanA samabhAva kI siddhi ke lie kI gaI. isa prakAra virodhI pratibhAsita hone vAlI dRSTiyoM meM avirodha DhUMDhanA aura unake pravartakoM ke prati AdarabhAva prakaTa karanA eka samadarzI syAdvAdI mahAtArkika kA hI kAma hai. Aja jaina manISiyoM ke lie yaha sadyaHprApta kArya hai ki ve samabhAva kI sAdhanA se samanvita syAdvAda kA prayoga kara jIvana ke hara kSetra meM uThane vAle vivAdoM aura saMgharSoM kA zamana kareM. EHEAL 1. zAstravArtAsamuccaya 236-237 mUrtasyApyAtmano yogo, ghaTena nabhaso yathA / upaghAtAdibhAvazca, jJAnasyeva surAdinA / / evaM prakRtivAdopi, vijJa yaH satya eva hi / kapiloktatvatazcaiva, divyo hi sa mahAmuniH / / 2. zAstravArtAsamuccaya 464-66 / 3. zAstrabArtAsamuccaya 550 / /