Sanskrutik Avdan

Author(s): Bhagchandra Jain
Publisher: Z_Bharatiya_Sanskruti_me_Jain_Dharma_ka_Aavdan_002591.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229243/1

Page #1
sAMskRtika avadAna jaina saMskRti aura adhyAtma saMskRti eka Antarika tattva hai, jo vyakti aura samAja ke Atmika-saMskAroM para kendrita rahatA hai| sabhyatA usakA bAhya-tattva hai, jo deza aura kAla ke anusAra parivartita hotA rahatA hai| yaha parivartana saMskRti ko prabhAvita bhale hI kara de para usameM AmUla parivartana karane kI kSamatA nahIM rhtii| isalie saMskRti kI paridhi kAphI vyApaka hotI hai| usameM vyakti kA AcAra-vicAra, jIvana-mUlya, naitikatA, dharma, sAhitya, kalA, zikSA, darzana Adi sabhI tattvoM kA samAveza hotA hai| ina tattvoM ko hama sAdhAraNa taura para sAMskRtika aura sAmudAyika cetanA ke antargata niviSTa kara sakate haiN| vyakti samAjaniSTha hone ke bAvajUda AtmaniSTha hai| para sandeha aura tarka kI gahanatA ne, bauddhika vyAyAma kI saghanatA ne usakI isa AtmaniSThatA para praznacihna khar3A kara diyA hai aura usakI AtmAnubhUti kI zakti ko pIche Dhakela diyA hai| vaha kamajoriyoM kA piNDa hai, isa tathya ko jAnate hue bhI ahaGkAra ke kAraNa vaha sArvajanika rUpa se use svIkAra nahIM kara paataa| yaha asvIkRti usakA svabhAva bana jAtA hai| phalata: krodhAdi kaSAyoM ke Aveza aura Avega ko vaha aniyantrita avasthA meM pAle rahatA hai| ___adhyAtma eka satat cintana kI prakriyA hai, antazcetanA kA niSyanda hai| vaha eka aisA saMgIta svara hai, jo ekaniSTha hone para hI sunAI detA hai aura svAnubhava kI duniyAM meM vyakti ko praveza karA detA hai| svayaM hI niSpakSa cintana aura dhyAna ke mAdhyama se vaha apanI kamajoriyoM ko bAhara phekane ke lie Atara ho jAtA hai| usakA hRdaya AtmasudhAra kI ora kadama bar3hAne ke lie eka sazakta mAdhyama kI khoja meM nikala par3atA hai--- yaha mAdhyama hai----dharma aura adhyaatm| pazu aura manuSya ko pRthak karane vAlA tatva hai- vivek| viveka na hone se pazu Aja bhI apane Adima jagat meM hai jabaki manuSya ne viveka ke mAdhyama 2010_04

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se hI apanI prANa-zakti kA vikAsa kiyA, vijJAna kI cetanA ne use naye AyAma diye aura prasphuTita kiye usake sAre zakti-kSetra jinameM vaha vikAsa ke naye saMkalpa, upAya aura sAdhana kI khoja meM nirantara lagA rahatA hai| usakI isa nirantaratA kA sUtra kabhI bhaMga nahIM ho paataa| yaha prANadhArA prayatna sAdhya hai| cetanA kI sakriyatA aura manobala kI sakSamatA se hI vaha upalabdha kI jA sakatI hai| zarIra-bala aura vacana-bala se use kriyAzakti mila jAtI hai| yaha kriyAzakti vyakti kI saMvedanA aura cetanA ke vikAsa-bodha kI phalazruti hai| saMvedanA para niyantraNa kara jJAna kA vikAsa karanA usakI vizeSatA hai| antarmukhI hokara vaha yathArtha kI sAdhanA karatA hai, dhyAna karatA hai aura pratibimba se pare jAne kA prayatna karatA hai| isI prayatna meM ahiMsA aura saMyama usakA sAtha dete haiN| prajJA aura Atma-sAkSAtkAra se usakI sAdhanA kA kSetra bar3ha jAtA hai| tarka aura buddhi ke sopAna se hI anubhava kI cetanA meM vaha praveza kara jAtA hai| hamArI svAnubhUti kI cetanA yaha kahatI hai ki hamArA AcAra aura vyavahAra dUsaroM ke prati pariSkRta ho| usameM krUratA, viSamatA aura ahaMmanyatA na ho, dhokhAdhar3I na ho| hamArI manaHsthiti yadi samatA se bhare AcaraNa aura vyavahAra se bhara jAye to azAnti svata: adRzya ho jAtI hai, saMskAra parivartita ho jAte haiM, svabhAva rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai aura pravAhita hone lagatI hai sAmudAyika cetanA kI vaha prazAnta dhArA jisameM sahiSNutA, karuNA, saralatA aura kSamAzIlatA jaise adhyAtmaniSTha tattva sadaiva jAgata rahate haiN| ye tattva vyakti kI adhyAtmaniSThA ke sAtha jur3a jAte haiM jahA~ puruSArtha jAga jAtA hai pUrNa jyoti pAne ke lie aura sRjanAtmaka cetanA sphurita ho jAtI hai vijAtIya tattvoM ko dUra karane ke lie| sAdhaka isa sAdhya kI prApti ke lie AtmAnuzAsana se svayaM ko niyantrita karatA hai, avacetana mana meM par3e hue saMskAroM aura vAsanAoM ko vizuddha karatA hai, aura sArI kSamatAoM ko arjitakara mAnasika asantulana ko dUra karatA hai nirAgrahI vRtti se, santulita vizuddha zAkAhAra se aura niSpakSa vItarAgatA ke cintana se| jaina saMskRti aisI hI cintanazIlatA bharA vAtAvaraNa prastuta karatI hai sAdhaka ke samakSa jo use sAMskRtika aura sAmudAyika cetanA kI ora mor3a detA hai| yaha usakA eka viziSTa avadAna hai| zramaNa aura brAhmaNa saMskRti bhAratIya sAMskRtika kSetra meM pramukha rUpa se zramaNa aura brAhmaNa paramparAyeM pallavita hotI rahI haiN| donoM paramparAyeM pRthak-pRthak hote hue bhI paraspara meM paripUraka 2010_04

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haiM, anusyUta haiN| prAcInatama vaidika sAhitya meM samAgata vAtarazanA zramaNa, vrAtya, arhat, Arhata, digvAsA, RSabha, asura, UrdhvamanthI, kezI, puNyazIla, yati, muni Adi zabda jaina saMskRti ke prabhAvazAlI astitva kI sUcanA dete haiM aura mohanajodar3o, har3appA tathA lohAnIpura meM prApta yogI RSabhadeva kI kAyotsargI mUrtiyAM usakI sAMskRtika virAsata kI kathA kahatI haiM / zramaNa aura brAhmaNa saMskRtiyAM vastutaH hamArI manovRtti kI paricAyikA haiM isalie ve paraspara prabhAvita bhI huI haiM, unameM AdAna-pradAna bhI huA hai| samatA aura puruSArthazIlatA para pratiSThita zramaNadhArA ke adhyAtmapradhAna nivRttimArgIya cintana se brAhmaNadhArA prabhAvita huI hai aura brAhmaNadhArA ke karmakANDIya tattva ne zramaNadhArA ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| upaniSadIya cintana meM paridRSTa parivartana nizcita rUpa se zramaNadhArA ke prabhAva kA pariNAma hai aura isI taraha zramaNadhArA meM svIkRta devI-devatA, yakSa-yakSiNI samudAya brAhmaNadhArA se AyAtita huA hai| yahAM yaha saMketa karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai ki zramaNadhArA kA mUla pravartana jaina saMskRti se huA hai ! bauddha saMskRti to chaThI zatAbdI I0pU0 kI dena hai / sahasrAtisahasra prAcIna isa jaina saMskRti ne bhAratIya saMskRti ko dArzanika, sAMskRtika aura sAhityika kSetroM meM atyanta samRddha kiyA hai| jainAcAryoM ne apane cintana meM jo vaijJAnikatA, pragatizIlatA, sArvajanInatA, ekAtmakatA, jAti vargahInatA aura vaiyaktika svatantratA kA prasphuTana kiyA hai, vaha nitAnta anUThI hai| yahAM hama usake anUThepana ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara usake avadAna para cintana kareMge -- sAMskRtika avadAna aura sAhityika avdaan| ina donoM avadAnoM meM zramaNa jaina saMskRti meM samatAvAda, zamatAvAda aura puruSArthavAda ko AtmasAta karane kA sAhasa dikhAI detA hai aura vargabheda, varNabheda, upanivezavAda Adi jaise asamAnavAdI tattvoM se kosoM dUra rakhakara vyakti aura samAja ko svAtantrya aura svAvalambana kI ora kadama pahuMcAtA naz2ara AtA hai| jaine saMskRti ne upAdAna aura nimitta ke mAdhyama se tatkAlIna pracalita dArzanika mata-matAntaroM meM jo sAmaJjasya prasthApita karane kA athak prayatna kiyA hai vaha nizcita hI stutya hai / isa pRSThabhUmi meM paripUraka hote hue bhI brAhmaNa aura zramaNa sAMskRtika vicAradhArAoM ke bIca eka vibhedaka rekhA isa prakAra khIMcI jA sakatI hai ki brAhmaNa saMskRti meM 'brahma' ne vistAra kiyA, usane eka se vividha rUpa liye, avatAra dhAraNa kiye, svapna aura mAyA kA sRjana huA, bhaktizAstra kA janma huA, viSamatA panapI aura paramAtmA Izvara svarUpa meM anupalabdheya ho gyaa| dUsarI 2010_04

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ora zramaNa vicAradhArA ne tIrthavAdI pravatti ko vikasita kiyA, isa pAra se usa pAra jAne kI bAta kahI, aura saMsAra se lauTakara, bahirAtman se dUra hokara antarAtman kI ora mur3ane kA tathA paramAtmA kI ora vApasa jAne kA saMkalpa diyaa| isa saMkalpa meM samarpaNa nahIM, puruSArtha hai, vRttiyoM ke sAmane ghuTane TekanA nahIM, sAhasapUrvaka unase saMgharSa karanA hai, phailAva nahIM, sikur3ana hai, apane ghara vApasa lauTanA hai, vizuddhatA meM pahu~canA hai, anya kisI kI bhI zaraNa meM na jAkara svayaM kI zaraNa meM jAnA hai, hara AtmA meM paramAtmA tIrthaGkara kA vAsa hai, vaha anupalabdheya nahIM, samyak sAdhanA se upalabdheya hai, pathadarzaka hai| vahA~ pUjA nahIM, dhyAna hai, vAsanA yA rAga nahIM, vItarAga avasthA hai| isalie vaha jina mArga hai aise jinoM kA jinhoMne karma, vAsanA ko jItakara svAnubhUti ke AdhAra para upadeza diyA hai, svayaM vizuddhi ke carama zikhara para pahu~cakara sabhI prANiyoM ke kalyANa kI bAta kahI hai| jina mArga vastuta: kSatriya mArga hai, yoddhA mArga hai; aise yoddhAoM kA jo indriya vRttiyoM se saMgharSa karate haiM aura nirAkAMkSI hokara mRtyu ko jIta lete haiM, paramAnanda kA anubhava karate haiM aura bhavasAgara se pUrNata: pAra ho jAte haiM, avatAra ke rUpa meM vApasa nahIM aate| isa antara ke bAvajUda donoM saMskRtiyA~ eka-dUsare kI paripUraka haiN| (1) sAMskRtika avadAna ina donoM avadhAraNAoM meM jaina saMskRti zramaNa saMskRti se sambaddha hai jise AcAryoM ne sAhitya ke mAdhyama se bar3I sugar3hatA ke sAtha spaSTa kiyA hai| itihAsa kI dRSTi se usa saMskRti ke Adya praNetA tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva the aura use tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ne anuprANita kiyaa| usI ko uttarakAla meM zrutadhara aura sArasvata AcAryoM ne pallavita kiyaa| usI ke AdhAra para AcAryoM ne jaina saMskRti kI katipaya mUla avadhAraNAoM ko lekara saMskRti ke mUla kathya kA vistAra kiyA hai| saMskRti ke mUla kathya ko dharma kI paribhASA kI paridhi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| dharma kI aneka prakAra se paribhASAyeM dekara jaina saMskRti kI avadhAraNAoM ko usake mAdhyama se spaSTa karane kA tAtparya yaha bhI hai ki jIvana ke sAre koNa dharma se sambaddha rahate haiN| isalie jaina saMskRti ke avadAna ko samajhane ke lie dharma ko pahale samajha liyA jaaye| (1) dharma kI paridhi-aparimita mAnavatA dharma mahaja rUr3hiyoM aura rIti-rivAjoM kA paripAlana mAtra nahIM hai| vaha to 2010_04

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. jIvana se jur3A sarjanAtmaka sarvadezIya tattva hai jo prANimAtra ko vAstavika zAnti kA sandeza detA hai, mithyAjJAna aura avidyA ko dUra kara satya aura nyAya ko pragaTa karatA hai, tarkagata AsthA aura zraddhA ko sajIva rakhatA hai, bauddhikatA ko jAgrata kara sadbhAvanA ke puSpa khilAtA hai aura bikheratA hai usa svAnubhUti ko, jo antara meM RjutA, saralatA aura prazAnta vRtti ko janma detI hai / vaha to rimajhima barasate bAdala ke samAna hai jo tana-mana ko AhlAdita kara Adhi-vyAdhiyoM kI USmA ko zAnta kara detA hai| dharma ke do rUpa hote haiM eka to vaha vyaktigata hotA hai jo paramAtmA kI ArAdhanA kara svayaM ko tadrUpa banAne meM gatizIla rahatA hai aura dUsarA sAdhanA tathA sahakAra para bala detA hai| eka Antarika tattva hai aura dUsarA bAhya tattva hai| donoM tattva eka dUsare ke paripUraka hote haiM, jo Antarika anubhUti ko sabala banAye rakhate haiM, buddhi, bhAvanA aura kriyA ko pavitratA kI ora le jAte haiM aura mAnavocita guNoM kA vikAsa kara sAmAjikatA ko prasthApita karate haiN| - dharma jaba kAlAntara meM mAtra rUr3hiyoM kA DhA~cA raha jAtA hai, taba sArI gar3abar3I zurU ho jAtI hai, viveka-hInatA panapatI hai aura phira sAdhaka rAgAtmaka parisImA baMdhakara dharma ke Antarika sambandha ko bhUla jAtA hai, usake nirmala aura vAstavika rUpa kI chAyA meM ghRNA aura dveSa bhAva janma lene lagate haiN| aise hI dharma ke nAma para hiMsA kA tANDava nRtya jitanA huA hai, utanA zAyada hI kisI aura nAma para huA ho| isalie sAdhAraNa vyakti dharma se bahirmukha ho jAtA hai, usakI tathyAtmakatA ko samajhe binA Asa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa ko bhI dUSita kara detA hai| vastutaH hama na hindU haiM, na musalamAna, na jaina haiM, na bauddha, na IsAI haiM, na yahUdI / hama to pahale mAnava haiM aura dhArmika bAda meM / vyakti yadi sahI insAna nahIM bana sakA to vaha dhArmika kabhI nahIM ho sakatA, dharma kA mukhauTA bhale hI vaha kitanA bhI lagAye rkhe| jaina saMskRti kI yaha apratima vizeSatA hai| isalie sarvaprathama yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajheM aura insAniyata ko banAye rakhane ke lie usakI upayogitA ko jAne / insAniyata ko mArane vAlI insAna meM nihita kupravRttiyA~ aura bhautikavAdI vAsanAyeM haiM jo yuddha aura saMgharSa ko janma detI haiM, vyakti aura rASTra-rASTra ke bIca kaTutA kI abhedya dIvAleM khar3I kara detI haiN| dharma ke mAtra nivRttimArga para jora dekara use niSkriyatA kA jAmA pahanAnA bhI dharma kI vAstavikatA ko na samajhanA hai| dharma to vastutaH duHkha ke mUla kAraNa rUpa Asakti ko dUra kara asAmpradAyikatA 2010_04

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ko prasthApita karatA hai, naitika aura AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko nayI dRSTi detA hai aura samatAmUlaka samAja kI racanA karane meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna detA hai| isa dRSTi se dharma kI zakti aparimita aura ajeya hai, bazarte usake vAstavika svarUpa ko samajha liyA jaaye| dharma ke isI svarUpa ko spaSTa karanA samUce sAhitya aura kalA kA abhidheya rahA hai| dharma kI zatAdhika paribhASAyeM huI haiN| una paribhASAoM kA yadi vargIkaraNa kiyA jAye to unheM sAdhAraNa taura para tIna prakAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - mUlyAtmaka, varNanAtmaka aura kriyaatmk| ye tInoM prakAra bhI eka-dUsare meM praveza karate dikhAI dete haiN| koI eka tattva para jora detA hai to koI dUsare tattva ko adhika mahattva detA hai| isalie kANTa jaise dArzanikoM ne usake vaijJAnika svarUpa ko prastuta kiyA jisameM mAnavatA ko prasthApita kara dharma ko Izvara-vizvAsa se pRthak kara diyaa| kundakunda, samantabhadra, haribhadra Adi jainAcAryoM ne to dharma ko isa rUpa meM bahuta pahale hI khar3A kara diyA thaa| yaha sahI hai ki dharma kI sarvamAnya paribhASA karanA sarala nahIM hai para use kisI sImA taka itanA to lAyA hI jA sakatA hai ki vaha adhika se adhika sArvajanika bana ske| ekezvaravAda kI kalpanA ne IzvarIya puruSa ko khar3A kara dharma ke sAtha aneka kiMvadantiyoM aura paurANika kalpanAoM ko gar3hA hai aura vyakti tathA rASTra ko zoSita kiyA hai| dharma ke nAma jitane behUde atyAcAra aura yuddha hue haiM, vaha una ajJAniyoM kA duSkRtya hai jinhoMne kabhI dharma kA anubhava hI nahIM kiyA balki nijI mahattvAkAMkSAoM ko pUrA karane ke lie apanI pichalaggU janatA ko bhar3akAyA, bhIr3a ko jamA kiyA, usakI AsthA aura vizvAsa kA durupayoga kiyA aura dharmAndhatA kI Aga meM dharma kI vAstavikatA ko bhasma kara diyA, usakI AdhyAtmikatA ke nirjhara ko sakhA diyaa| isalie dharma ke svarUpa meM svAnubhUti kA sarvAdhika mahattva hai| isI ko 'raso vai saH' kahA gayA hai, anirvacanIya aura paramAnanda rUpa mAnA gayA hai| ekezvaravAda se haTakara vyakti sarvezvaravAda kI ora jAtA hai aura phira svayaM ko hI parama vizuddha rUpa paramAtmA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kara AtmA ko hI paramAtmA samajhane lagatA hai| dharma kI yaha vikAsa prakriyA vyaSTi se samaSTi kI ora le jAtI hai aura use vizvajanIna banA detI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaba hama dharma zabda para vicAra kareMge to hamArA dhyAna brAhmaNa aura zramaNa saMskRti kI ora barabasa khica jAtA hai| 'dharma' dhR dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai jisakA artha hotA hai banAye rakhanA, dhAraNa karanA, puSTa karanA 2010_04

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(dhAraNAt, dharmamityAhuH dharmeNa vidhRtAH prjaaH)| yaha vaha mAnadaNDa hai jo vizva ko dhAraNa karatA hai, kisI bhI vastu kA vaha mUla tattva, jisake kAraNa vaha vastu hai| vedoM meM isa zabda kA prayoga dhArmika vidhiyoM ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM dharma kI tIna zAkhAoM (skandhoM) kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jinakA sambandha gRhastha, tapasvI aura brahmacAriyoM ke kartavyoM se hai- (trayo dharmaskandhAH 2.3) / jaba taittirIya upaniSad hamase dharmAcaraNa (dharma cara- 1.11) karane ko kahatA hai, taba usakA abhiprAya jIvana ke usa sopAna ke karttavyoM ke pAlana se hotA hai, jisameM ki hama vidyamAna haiN| isa artha meM dharma zabda kA prayoga bhagavadgItA aura manusmRti donoM meM huA hai| bauddha dharma ke lie yaha zabda dharma, buddha aura saMgha yA samAja ke sAtha-sAtha 'triratna' meM se eka hai| pUrva mImAMsA ke anusAra dharma eka vAMchanIya vastu hai, jisakI vizeSatA hai preraNA denA- codanA lakSaNArtho dhrmH| vaizeSikasUtroM meM dharma kI paribhASA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisase Ananda (abhyudaya) aura paramAnanda (niHzreyas) kI prApti ho, vaha dharma hai - yatobhyudayaniHzreyassiddhiH sa dhrmH| jainadharma Ahet dharma hai| usakI saMskRti vItarAgatA se udbhUta huI hai jahA~ karmoM ko naSTa kara, unakI nirjarA kara mokSa prApta karanA mukhya uddezya rahatA hai| isalie jainAcAryoM ne apanI saMskRti ke mUla meM dharma ko saMyojita kiyA hai aura use jIvana ke hara pakSa se jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jaina saMskRti ko samajhane ke lie usameM nihita dharma kI vividha paribhASAoM ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| ina paribhASAoM ko hama sthUla rUpa se isa prakAra vibhAjita kara sakate haiM - 1. dharma kA sAmAnya svarUpa, 2. dharma kA svabhAvAtmaka svarUpa, 3. dharma kA guNAtmaka svarUpa, aura 4. dharma kA mokSamArgAtmaka svruup| ina svarUpoM ke mAdhyama se hI hama jaina saMskRti kI mUla avadhAraNAoM ko samajhane kA prayatna kreNge| 1. jainadharma ke sAtha sampradAyavAcI jaina zabda lagabhaga AThavIM zatI meM jur3A! isake pUrva use Arhat dharma hI kahate the| vaidika aura bauddha sAhitya meM bhI Aheta dharma aura digambara zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| 2010_04

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(2) AtmA hI paramAtmA hai jainadharma AtmavAdI dharma hai| saMsArI AtmA hI karmoM kA svayaM vinAza kara paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| isalie sabhI jainAcAryoM ne sAmAnyataH dharma use kahA hai, jo sAMsArika duHkhoM se uThAkara uttama vItarAga sukha meM phuNcaaye| yathA -- 1. saMsAraduHkhataH sattvAn yo dharatyuttame sukha- ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra-2 2. iSTasthAne dhatte iti dharma: - sarvArthasiddhi- 9; tattvArthavArtika, 9.23. yasmAjjIvaM nAraka-tiryagyonikumAnuSa-devatveSu prapatantaM dhArayatIti dharmaH dazavaikAlikacUrNi, pR0 15; lalitavistarA, pR0 90; AvazyakasUtra, malayavRtti, pR0 592; padmapurANa, 14.103-4; mahApurANa, 2.37; uttarA0 cUrNi, 3, pR0 98; dharmAmRta TIkA-5; pra0 sA0 jaya0 vR0 1-8 aadi| jainAcAryoM kI dharma kI ina paribhASAoM ko dekhakara aisA lagatA hai ki ve vyakti ko prathamata: sAMsArika duHkhoM se paricita karAnA cAhate haiM aura phira AtmA kI vizuddha avasthA rUpa paramAtmA ko prApta karane kA AhvAna karate haiN| yaha manovaijJAnika tathya hai ki vyakti bAra-bAra duHkha kA sAkSAtkAra karane se bImArI kI pragAr3hatA se paricita ho jAtA hai, vastusthiti ko svayaM jAnane lagatA hai aura phira usI AtmA meM vAsa karane vAle paramAnanda svarUpa ko prApta karane kA lakSya banA letA hai| tathAkathita Izvara rUpa paramAtmA kA bhAva usake mana meM AtA hI nhiiN| hai bhI nhiiN| isalie jainadharma ko nakArAtmaka aura duHkhavAdI nahIM mAnA jAnA caahie| jainadharma saMsAra ko svapna aura mAyA bhI nahIM kahanA caahtaa| vaha to hameM usakI yathArthatA se paricita karAtA hai| isalie dharma kI yaha paribhASA bar3I vyAvahArika hai aura jainadharma bhI usI vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa ke sAtha saMsAriyoM ko duHkha se mukta karAne kA prayatna karatA hai| use vaha una duHkhoM se palAyana karane kI salAha nahIM detA balki jUjhane aura saMgharSa karane kI preraNA detA hai aura AgAha karatA hai ki ina sAMsArika duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa rAga aura dveSa hai| prANI karma moha kI prabalatA se unmatta hote haiN| vaha janma-maraNa kA mUla hai aura janma-maraNa kI bhAva-paramparA daHkha kA mUla hai| isa saMsAra meM kahIM bhI sukha nahIM hai| janma-maraNa ke cakkara meM sukha hogA bhI kahA~? isalie yadi hama yathArtha sukha pAnA cAhate haiM to janma-maraNa ke bhava-cakkara se mukta honA Avazyaka hai| upAdeya bhI yahI hai| AtmA hI paramAtmA hai, isa paramatattva ko samajhane kA mArga bhI yahI hai| ___ 2010_04

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(3) Atma-svAtantrya jaina sAMskRtika paramparA meM Atma-svAtantrya kI ghoSaNA meM vyakti kI svatantratA udghoSita hai| use svayaM vicAra aura dhyAna karane kI svatantratA prApta hai| usake Upara Izvara jaisA koI tattva nahIM hai| vaha svayaM apane karma kA nirmAtA aura bhoktA hai| isa cintana se vairAgya kA jAgaraNa hotA hai, sacetatA AtI hai, krAnti hotI hai, rUpAntaraNa hotA hai aura samatA kA janma ho jAtA hai| samatA Ane se sAdhaka ke caitanya kI dazA virAgatA se bhara jAtI hai| vaha saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI usI prakAra vahA~ rahatA hai jisa prakAra pokhara meM khilA haA kamala jo jala meM rahatA huA bhI jala usakA sparza bhI nahIM kara paataa| bhAve viratto maNio visogo, eenndukkhohrprNprenn| na lippaI bhavamajhe vi saMto, jaleNa vA pokharaNi plaasN|| jainadharma ke cintana kA kendrIbhUta tattva AtmA hai| AtmA ke atirikta usameM na saMsAra kA mUlya hai aura na sRSTikAraka paramAtmA kaa| vaha svArtha kI bAta karatA hai, svayaM ke kalyANa kI, maMgala kI, Atmahita kI! Atmahita kI bAta karane vAlA hI parahita kI bAta soca sakatA hai| vahAM 'maiM' nAma ke tattva kA bhI koI astitva nhiiN| hA~, ahaGkAra kA vigalana Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| usake visarjana binA ekAkIpana A hI nahIM sktaa| kaivalya kI sAdhanA ekAkIpana kI sAdhanA hai| vaha vyaSTiniSTha Ananda hai| jo svayaM Anandita hotA hai vaha dUsare ko bhI Anandita kara detA hai| duHkhI vyakti dUsare ko Anandita kara hI nahIM sktaa| yahA~ svArtha meM parArtha sadhA huA hai| AtmA meM vizuddha paramAtmA kA rUpa basA huA hai| isalie Atma-sAdhanA se hI paramAtma-sAdhanA hogii| paramAtmA koI Izvara nahIM, sRSTi kA kartA-hartA-dhartA nhiiN| bahirAtmA meM vyakti bAhara hI bAhara ghUmatA rahatA hai| usakA antara kA saMgIta khoyA rahatA hai, svabhAva se vimukha rahatA hai| rAga-dveSAdi vikAroM se grasta rahatA hai| jaba jAgaraNa viveka kA hotA hai to vaha saMsAra se vimukha ho uThatA hai, sva-para para cintana karane lagatA hai, antarAtmA kI ora bar3ha jAtA hai aura dhyAna- sAmAyika karane lagatA hai| jaba yaha bhI bheda samApta ho jAtA hai to AtmA kI paramAtmAvasthA A jAtI hai| manuSya hI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| AtmA hI paramAtmA hai yaha krAntikArI udghoSaNA jainadharma kI nirAlI hai| Izvara se manuSya ko itanI svatantratA denA jainadharma kI apanI vizeSatA hai| nItze ne kahA Izvara mara cukA hai| aba AdamI svatantra hai kucha bhI karane ke lie| para jainadharma ne isase bhI Age bar3hakara kahA - Izvara 2010_04

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kA astitva thA hI kahAM? phira usake marane kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| hara vyakti meM paramAtmA baiThA huA hai| basa, use jAgRta karane kI AvazyakatA hai| Izvara meM jagat-kartRtva hai hI nhiiN| saMsAra to upAdAna-nimitta kA saMyojana mAtra hai svayaM hii| use Izvara kartRtva kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| saMsAra kI sRSTi nimitta-upAdAna kAraNoM se hotI hai| Izvara sRSTi-kAraka nahIM hai| vyakti svayaM hI kartA hai, svayaM hI bhoktA hai| sArA uttaradAyitva svayaM ke zira para hai| AtmA hI sukha-duHkha kA kartA hai, bhoktA hai| satpravRtti meM sthita AtmA apanA hI mitra hai| vaha asaMyama se nivRtta hotA hai aura saMyama meM pravRtta hotA hai| nivRtti aura pravRtti, usakI eka sAtha calatI haiN| sabase bar3A zatru yadi koI hai to indriyA~ haiM, kaSAya haiM jinheM jItane ke lie vyakti ko sadaiva saMgharSa karanA par3atA hai, viveka jAgrata karanA par3atA hai| tabhI dharmAcaraNa ho pAtA hai| viveka jAgrata ho jAne para sAMsArika sukha yathArtha meM sukhAbhAsa lagane lagate haiM, unameM jhUThA Ananda dikhAI dene lagatA hai, mRtyu kA cintana prakhara ho uThatA hai| appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa ya / appA mittamamittaM ya, duSpaTThiya suppttttio|| egappA ajie satta, kasAyA indriyANi y| te jiNittu, jahAnAyaM viharAmi ahaM munnii|| uttarAdhyayana, 20.37-38 isa dRSTi se jaina saMskRti kI prathama yaha mUla avadhAraNA hai ki AtmA ananta hai| ve pRthak-pRthak haiN| unameM ananta zakti aura jJAna pravAhita haiN| mUlataH vaha AtmA vizuddha hai, para karmoM ke kAraNa usakI vizuddhatA AvRtta ho jAtI hai| vItarAgatA prApta karane para vahI saMsArI AtmA paramAtmA bana jAtI hai| jaina saMskRti kA yaha lokatantrAtmaka svarUpa hai jahAM sabhI AtmAyeM barAbara haiM aura ve sarvocca sthAna pA sakatI hai| (4) samatAvAda dharma kA yaha svabhAva hai ki vaha samatAmUlaka ho| jaina saMskRti kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha atha se iti taka samatA kI bAta karatI hai| samatAvAdI dharma kI paribhASA ke antargata vastu aura vyakti ke svabhAva kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai| vastu kA asAdhAraNa dharma hI usakA svabhAva hai, usakA bhItarI guNa hI usakA svarUpa hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyarUpa sthiti meM padArtha apanA svarUpa 2010_04

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banAye rakhatA hai| isI meM svabhAva kI dRSTi se AtmA ke svarUpa para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai, jo samatAmUlaka hai| jaise -- 1. dhammo vatthu sahAvo - kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 478. 2. svasaMvedyo nirupAdhikaM hi rUpaM vastutaH svbhaavo'bhidhiiyte| 3. mohakkhohavihINo pariNAmo appaNo dhammo- bhAvapAhuDa 81 4. dharmaH zrutacAritrAtmako jIvasyAtmapariNAma: karmakSayakAraNam (sUtrakRtAMga, zI0 vR0 2.5.14). 5. samyagdarzanAdyAtmapariNAmalakSaNo dharmaH - dharmasaMgrahaNI- malayagiri, vR0 25. ___ dharma sampradAya se Upara uThA huA hai| sampradAya bhIr3a hai para dharma vaiyaktika hai, samUha nhiiN| dhArmika vyakti apane Apako akelA karatA jAtA hai, svabhAva kI ora mur3atA jAtA hai, svAnubhUti ke prakAza meM saMsAra ko chor3atA jAtA hai aura eka dina niSkAma bana jAtA hai| niSkAma tyAga kA jIvana hai| dharma tyAga binA Acarita nahIM ho sktaa| vaha mA~ga se dUra rahane kI prakriyA sikhAtA hai, mana kI caMcalatA ko samajhane kI AvazyakatA para bala detA hai| isalie vaha spaSTa kara detA hai ki krodhAdi vikAroM ko kisI bhI kImata para Azraya nada, anyathA ye phaila jAyeMge aura apanA ghara banA leNge| vikAra bhAva apanA ghara na banA pAye yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba vyakti kA saMkalpa dRr3ha ho, vaha unake sAmane AtmasamarpaNa na kre| saMkalpa ke samakSa satya rahatA hai, jisakI koI sImA nahIM hotii| asatya kI to sImA rahatI hai| saMkalpI vyakti satya kI khoja meM rahatA hai| paramAtmAvasthA ko vApasa pAne kI talAza meM ekAkI bana jAtA hai aura samatva yoga kI sAdhanA karatA hai| yahI samatA vyakti kA vAstavika dharma hai, svabhAva hai| ise hama yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki samatA at gatyarthaka dhAtu se siddha hokara sahajAvasthA ko dyotita karatI hai jo dhyAna kI upAnta avasthA hai aura samAdhi usakI antima sAdhanA hai| samatA mAnavatA kA rasa hai, barbaratA, pazutA, saMkIrNatA usakA pratipakSI svabhAva hai| rAga-dveSAdi bhAva usake vikAra-tantu haiN| RjutA, niSkapaTatA, vinamratA aura prazAntavRtti usakI pariNati hai| sahiSNutA aura saccaritratA usakA dharma hai| yadyapi sApekSatA vyApakatA liye hue rahatI hai para mAnavatA ke sAtha sApekSatA ko sambaddha karanA usake tathyAtmaka svarUpa ko AvRta karanA hai| isalie samatA kI sattA mAnavatA kI sattA meM nihita hai| ye donoM sattAyeM AtmA kI vizuddha ___ 2010_04 For Private & Personal Use only

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12 avasthA ke guNa haiN| ina guNoM se samaveta vyaktitva ko hI sAdhu kahA jA sakatA hai-- samayAe samaNo hoi, baMbhacereNa baMbhaNo / nANeNa ya muNI hoi, taveNaM hor3a tAvaso / / vyavahArataH mAnavatA ke sAtha sApekSatA ke AdhAra para vicAra kiyA bhI jA sakatA hai para vAstavika samatA usase dUra rahatI hai| samatA meM 'yadi, aura, to' kA sambandha baiThatA hI nhiiN| vaha to samudra ke samAna gambhIra, pRthvI ke samAna kSamAzIla aura AkAza ke samAna svaccha tathA vyApaka hai| isalie samatA kA sahI rUpa dharma hai| yahI usakA dharma hai| uttarAdhyayana, 25.32 yahI samatA aura dhArmika cetanatA sAMskRtika aura sAmudAyika cetanA kA avinAbhAvI aMga hai jisameM dhRti aura sahiSNutA, ahiMsA aura saMvega niyantraNa jaise tattva ApAda samAhita haiN| karmoM kA upazamana aura mokSa kI prApti bhI samatA kA hI pariNAma hotA hai| jaina saMskRti sAmAjika samatA kI pakSadhara hai / usameM jAti ke sthAna para karma ko mahattva diyA gayA hai aura svayaM ke puruSArtha ko prasthApita kiyA gayA hai / yahI puruSArtha kala kA niyati bana jAtA hai| isaliye yahAM Izvara kA nahIM, puruSArtha kA sarvopari sthAna hai / (5) cAritrika vizuddhi dharma ko zAzvata aura cirantana sukhadAyI mAnA gayA hai para usake vaividhya rUpa meM yaha zAzvatatA dhUmila sI hone lagatI hai / samatA kA svarUpa dhUmila hone kI sthiti meM kabhI nahIM aataa| vaha to vikArI bhAvoM kI asattA meM hI janma letA hai| krodhAdika vikArI bhAva asamatA vinamratA, uddhattatA aura saMsaraNazIlatA kI pRSThabhUmi meM prAdurbhUta hote haiN| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke samanvita rUpa kI sAdhanA se hI the| vikArabhAva tirohita hote haiM aura vahI sahI tapa hai| AsthA isakI AdhArabhUmi hai| cAritra kA samyak paripAlana kiye binA darzana aura jJAna kI ArAdhanA ho nahIM sakatI / darzana aura jJAna, Atmazakti, AtmavizvAsa aura AtmajJAna ke pratIka haiM jo samatA ke mUla kAraNa haiN| isalie cAritra ko dharma kahA gayA haiM aura dharma hI yathArtha jIvana hai| 2010_04

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dharma tathA samatA ko rAga-dveSAdika vikArabhAvoM kI abhAvAtmaka sthiti kahA jAtA hai| mamatva kA visarjana aura sahiSNutA kA sarjana usake Avazyaka aMga haiN| mAnasika caMcalatA ko saMyama kI lagAma se vazIbhUta karanA tathA bhautikatA kI viSAyagni ko AdhyAtmikatA ke zItala jala se zamana karanA samatA kI apekSita tattva dRSTi hai| sahayoga, sadbhAva, samanvaya aura saMyama usake mahAstambha haiN| zramaNa kA yahI sahI rUpa hai, svarUpa hai| isI ko AcArya kundakunda ne isa prakAra kahA hai - cAritaM khalu dhammo dhammo jo so samo ti nniddittttho| mohakkhohavihINo pariNAmo apyaNo hi smo|| suviditapayatthasutto saMjamatavasaMjudo vigdraago| samaNo samasuhadukkho bhaNido suddhovattiogo ti||1 samatA AtmA kA saccA dharma hai| isalie AtmA ko samaya bhI kahA jAtA hai| samaya kI gahana aura vizada vyAkhyA karane vAle dazavaikAlika, samayasAra Adi grantha isa sandarbha meM draSTavya haiN| sAmAyika jaisI kriyAyeM usake phIlDa varka haiN| ahiMsA usI kA eka aMga hai| vaha to eka nirdvandva aura zUnya avasthA hai jisameM vyakti niSpakSa, vItarAga, sukha-duHkha meM nirlipta prazaMsA-nindA meM nirAsakta, loSTha-kAMcana meM nirlipta tathA jIvana-maraNa meM nirbhaya rahatA hai| yahI zramaNa avasthA hai| vItarAgatA se jur3I huI samatA AdhyAtmika samatA hai jo AgamoM aura kundakundAcArya ke granthoM meM dikhAI detI hai| mAdhyastha bhAva se jur3I huI samatA dArzanika samatA hai jise hama syAdvAda, anekAntavAda kiMvA vibhajyavAda meM dekha sakate haiN| tathA kAruNyamUlaka samatA para vyakti kI vikhaNDita, daridra, patita aura vIbhatsa avasthA dekhakara/anubhavakara rAjanIti ke kucha vAda prasthApita hue haiN| mArksa kA sAmyavAda aisI hI pRSThabhUmi liye hue hai| gAMdhI jI kA sarvodayavAda mahAvIra ke sarvodaya tIrtha para AdhArita hai jisakA sarvaprathama prayoga AcArya samantabhadra (I0 dUsarI-tIsarI sadI) ne kiyA thaa| sarvAntavat tadguNamukhyakalpaM, sarvAntazUnyaM ca mitho'npekssm| sarvApadAmantakaraM nirantaM, sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tvaiv|| 1. pravacanasAra, 1.7: 1.14. 2010_04

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____ cAritrika vizuddhi kI AdhArazilA vastuta: parivAra hai aura parivAra kA dharma hai gRhastha dharma hai jise jaina saMskRti meM zrAvaka yA upAsaka dharma kahA jAtA hai| vaha sAdhu santoM se upadeza sunakara sAdhanA ke kSetra meM Age bar3hAtA hai| pArivArika, rASTriya aura antarrASTiya zAnti kI sthApanA kA bhI uttaradAyitva zrAvaka ke sabala kandhoM para hotA hai| isalie zrAvaka kA jIvana sadAcAramaya honA caahie| sAmAjika karttavya bhI usake sAtha jur3A huA hai| AcArya haribhadrasUri, jinamaNDanagaNi, paNDita AzAdhara Adi cintakoM ne zrAvaka ke guNoM kI eka lambI sUcI dI hai jisameM satsaMga, suzrUSA, karuNA, satkAra, kRtajJatA, paropakAra Adi guNa ullekhanIya haiN| ina guNoM meM bhI nyAyapUrvaka dhana kamAnA, zAkAhArI vRtti rakhanA aura karuNAzIla honA zrAvaka kI pahacAna kahI jA sakatI hai| nyAyopAttadhano yajatguNagurUn sadgItrivarga bhajan nanyonyAnuguNaM tadarhagRhiNo-sthAnAlayo hiimyH| yuktAhAravihAraArya-samitiH prAjJaHkRtajJo vazI zRNvan dharmavidhi dayAlu dharmIH sAgAradharma cret|| sAgAradharmAmRta 1.11, dharmavindu, 3-5 (6) anekAntavAda mAnavIya ekatA, saha astitva, samAnatA aura sarvodayatA dharma ke tAttvika aMga hai| tathAkathita dhArmika vijJAna aura AcArya ina aMgoM ko tor3a-maror3akara svArthavaza vargabheda aura varNabheda jaisI vicitra dhAraNAoM kI viSailI Aga ko paidA kara dete haiM jisameM samAja kI bher3iyAdhasAna vAlI vRtti vaicArika dharAtala se asambaddha hokara kUda par3atI hai| usake sAre samIkaraNa jhulasa jAte haiN| dRSTi meM hiMsaka vyavahAra apane pUre zaktizAlI svara meM gUMjane lagatA hai, zoSaNa kI manovRtti sahAnubhUti aura sAmAjikatA kI bhAvanA ko dRSita kara detI hai, vaiyaktika aura sAmUhika zAnti kA astitva khatare meM par3a jAtA hai| isa durvyavasthA kI sArI jimmedArI ekAntavAdI cintakoM ke sabala hiMsaka kandhoM para hai jisane samAja ko eka bhaTakAva diyA hai, azAnti kA eka AkAra-prAkAra khar3A kiyA hai aura par3osI ko par3osI jaisA rahane meM saMkoca, vitRSNA aura maryAdAhIna bhare vyavahAroM kI lauhika dIvAla ko gar3ha diyA hai| anekAntavAda aura sarvodaya darzana ina sabhI prakAra kI viSamatAoM se 2010_04

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15 ApAdamagna samAja ko eka naI dizA dAna detA hai| usakI kaTI pataMga ko kisI taraha sambhAla kara usameM anuzAsana tathA suvyavasthA kI susthira majabUta aura sAmudAyika cetanA se sajI Dora lagA detA hai, AsthA aura jJAna kI vyavasthA meM prANa phU~ka detA hai| taba saMgharSa ke svara badala jAte haiN| samanvaya kI manovRtti, samatA kI pratidhvani, satyAnveSaNa kI cetanA gatizIla ho jAtI hai, apane zAstrIya vyAmoha se mukta hone ke liye, apane vaiyaktika ekapakSIya vicAroM kI Ahuti dene ke lie, dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ko sammAna dene ke lie aura niSpakSatA, nirvairatA - nirbhayatA kI cetanA ke stara para mAnavatA ko dhUla-dhUsarita hone se bacAne ke liye / sApekSika kathana dUsaroM ke dRSTikoNa ko samAna rUpa se Adara detA hai| khule mastiSka se pArasparika vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna karatA hai, pratipAdya kI yathArthavattA pratibaddhatA se mukta hokara sAmane A jAtI hai| vaicArika hiMsA se vyakti dUra ho jAtA hai, asti nAsti ke vivAda se mukta hokara nayoM ke mAdhyama se pratinidhi zabda samAja aura vyakti ko premapUrvaka eka pleTaphArma para baiThA dete haiN| cintana aura bhASA ke kSetra meM "na yA siyAvAya viyAgarejjA" kA upadeza samAja aura vyakti ke antardvandvoM ko samApta kara detA hai, sabhI ko pUrNa nyAya dekara sarala, spaSTa aura nirvivAda abhivyakti kA mArga prazasta kara detA hai| AcArya siddhasena ne "udadhAviva samudIrNAstvayi nAtha ! dRSTyaH " kahakara isI tathya ko apanI bhagavad stuti meM prastuta kiyA hai| haribhadrasUri kI bhI samanvaya - sAdhanA isa sandarbha meM smaraNIya hai --- bhavavIjAMkurajananA rAgAdyAH kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNu rvA haro jino vA namastasmai / / (7) ahiMsA aura aparigraha jaina saMskRti ahiMsA aura parigraha mUlaka hai| isalie dharma ke guNAtmaka svarUpa para cintana karate samaya jainAcAryoM ne vyakti aura samAja ko paraspara-niSTha batAyA hai| unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki dharma vastutaH AtmA kA spandana hai jisameM kAruNya, sahAnubhUti, sahiSNutA, paropakAravRtti, saMyama, ahiMsA, aparigraha jaise guNa vidyamAna rahate haiN| vaha kisI jAti yA sampradAya se pratibaddha nahIM / usakA svarUpa to sArvajanika, sArvabhaumika aura lokamAMgalika hai| vyakti, samAja, rASTra aura vizva kA abhyutthAna aise hI dharma kI parisImA se sambhava hai| 2010_04

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dharma ke isa guNAtmaka svarUpa kI paribhASAyeM isa prakAra milatI haiM - 1. dhammo dayAvisuddho -- bodha pAhuDa, 25 niyamasAra va 6. varAMgacArita 15-107, kArtikeyA 97. dhammo maMgalamukkiTTha ahiMsA saMjamo tavo - dazavaikAlika sUtra, 1.1, tattvArthavArtika, 6.13.5. sarvArthasiddhi, 6.13. jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhammo kArtikeyA. 478. 3. kSAntyAdilakSaNo dharmaH - tattvArthasAra, 6.42, bhAvasaMgraha, 306, tattvArthavRtti, zruta. 6-13; 3. dharmasaM.zrA.. 10-99 Adi dharma aura ahiMsA meM zabdabheda hai, guNa bheda nhiiN| dharma ahiMsA hai aura ahiMsA dharma hai| kSetra usakA vyApaka hai| ahiMsA eka niSedhArthaka zabda hai| vidheyAtmaka avasthA ke bAda hI niSedhAtmaka avasthA AtI hai| ata: vidhiparaka hiMsA ke anantara isakA prayoga huA hogaa| isalie saMyama, tapa, dayA Adi jaise vidheyAtmaka mAnavIya zabdoM kA prayoga pUrvatara rahA hogaa| hiMsA kA mUla kAraNa hai - pramAda aura kssaay| 1 usake vazIbhUta hokara jIva ke mana, vacana, kArya meM krodhAdika bhAva pragaTa hote haiM jinase svayaM ke zabda prayoga rUpa bhAva prANoM kA hanana hotA hai| kaSAyAdika tIvratA ke phalasvarUpa usake AtmaghAta rUpa dravya prANoM kA hanana hotA hai| isake atirikta dUsare ko marmAntaka vedanAdAna athavA paradravyavyaparopaNa bhI inhIM bhAvoM kA kAraNa hai| isalie bhikSuoM ko kaise calanA-phiranA, uThanA-baiThanA, khAnA-pInA cAhie isakA vidhAna mUlAcAra, dazavaikAlika Adi granthoM meM upalabdha hai| .. samasta prANiyoM ke prati saMyama bhAva hI ahiMsA hai-- ahiMsA niuNaM diTThA sabbabhUyesu saMjamo2 usake sukha saMyama meM pratiSThita haiN| mana, vacana, kAya se saMyamI vyakti sva-para kA rakSaka tathA mAnavIya guNoM kA AgAra hotA hai| zIla, saMyamAdi guNoM se ApUra vyakti hI satpuruSa hai| jisakA citta malIna aura dUSita rahatA hai, vaha ahiMsA kA pujArI kabhI nahIM ho sktaa| jisa prakAra ghisanA, chedanA, tapAnA aura ragar3anA ina cAra upAyoM se svarNa kI parIkSA kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra zruta, zIla, tapa aura dayA rUpa guNoM ke dvArA dharma evaM vyakti kI parIkSA kI jAtI hai - 1. pramattayogAtprANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA, tattvArthasUtra, 7.13. '2. dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6.9. 2010_04

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ghammo maMgalamukkiTTha ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| devA pi taM namassaMti jassa dhamme sayA mnno|| - dazavaikAlika, 1.1 saMjamu sIlu saujju tavu sUri hi guru soii| dAhaka-chedaka-saMghAyakasu uttama kaMcaNu hoii|| -- bhAvapAhuDa 143 pAnI chAnakara pInA, rAtri bhojana niSedha, devadarzana, aSTamUlaguNoM kA paripAlana, nirvyasanI jIvana, samanvayAtmaka dRSTi Adi kucha aise niyamoM kA vidhAna isIlie kiyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ahiMsaka aura saMyamI banakara ahiMsaka samAja kI racanA kara ske| ___ jIvana kA sarvAGgINa vikAsa karanA saMyama kA parama uddezya rahatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga (18.6) meM isa uddezya ko eka rUpaka ke mAdhyama se samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra kachuA nirbhaya sthAna para nirbhIka hokara calatA-phiratA hai, kintu bhaya kI AzaMkA hone para zIghra hI apane aMga-pratyaMga pracchanna kara letA hai aura bhaya-vimukta hone para puna: aMga-pratyaMga phailAkara calanA-phiranA prArambha kara detA hai| usI prakAra saMyamI vyakti apane sAdhanA mArga para bar3I satarkatApUrvaka calatA hai| saMyama kI virAdhanA kA bhaya upasthita hone para vaha paMcendriyoM va mana ko AtmajJAna meM hI gopana kara letA hai| maitrI, karuNA, maditA aura mAdhyastha bhAva samabhAva kI paridhi meM Ate haiN| samabhAvI vyakti samAcAritA kA pAlaka aura sarvodayazIlatA kA dhAraka hotA hai| adhyAtma kA sambandha anubhUti se hai aura hiMsA-ahiMsA kA sambandha adhyavasAya -saMkalpa se hai| adhyAtma aura saMkalpa se AsthA kI sRSTi hotI hai jisase mAnasika durbalatA se bharI vilAsitA samApta ho jAtI hai, svArtha aura ahiMsA kA visarjana ho jAtA hai, parizodhana aura pavitratA ke Andolana se vaha jur3a jAtA hai| vaha bhoga meM bhI yoga khoja letA hai| jaina saMskRti mUlata: aparigrahavAdI saMskRti hai| jina, nirgrantha, vItarAga jaise zabda aparigraha ke hI dyotaka haiN| mUrchA parigraha kA paryAyArthaka hai| yaha mUrchA pramAda hai aura pramAda kaSAyajanya bhAva hai| rAga-dveSAdi bhAvoM se hI parigraha kI pravRtti bar3hatI hai| mithyAtva, kaSAya, nokaSAya Adi bhAva antaraMga parigraha haiM aura dhana-dhanyAdi bAhya parigraha kA mUla sAdhana hiMsA hai| jhUTha, corI, kuzIla 2010_04

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18 usake anuvartaka haiM aura parigraha usakA phala hai / parigrahI vRtti vyakti ko hiMsaka banA detI hai| isa hiMsaka vRtti se tabhI vimukha ho sakatA hai vyakti jaba vaha aparigraha yA parigraha parimANavrata kA pAlana kare / kSamA, mArdava Adi dasa dharmoM kA pAlana bhI dharma hai| manuSya giragiTa svabhAvI hai, aneka citta vAlA hai| krodhAdi vikAroM ke kAraNa vaha bahuta bhUleM kara DAlata hai / krodha vibhAva hai, paradoSadarzI hai| kSamA AtmA kA svabhAva hai| parapadArthoM me kartRtva buddhi se, mithyAdarzana se krodha utpanna hotA hai aura kSamA samyagdarzana se utpanna hotI hai / paJcama guNasthAnavartI aNuvratI se lekara nauMve - dasaveM guNasthAna meM mahAvratI ke uttamakSamA hai para nauMve graiveyaka taka pahu~cane vAle mithyAdRSTi dravyaliMgI ke uttamakSamA nahIM hotI / mArdavamAnakA virodhI bhAva mAnA hai| duHkha apamAna meM nahIM, mAna kI AkAMkSA meM hai| jJAna, pUjA, kula, jAti, samRddhi, tapa, Ayu aura bala ke abhimAna se dUsare ko nIce dikhAne kA bhAva paidA hotA hai| isase satya kI khoja nahIM ho paatii| binA vinaya ke bhakti aura AtmasamarpaNa kahA~ ? pratikriyA aura pratizodha ko janma dene vAle ahaGkAra ko samApta kiye binA jIvana kA badalanA sambhava nahIM hai / isI taraha mAyA, lobha Adi vikAra bhAvoM ko bhI vinaSTa kiye binA parama zAnti nahIM miltii| 1 dharma Atmasthiti kA mArga hai, AtmanirIkSaNa kA patha hai| RjutA Aye binA dharma kA marma pAyA nahIM jA sakatA / zaucadharma meM caritra vizuddha ho jAtA hai aura akaSAya kI sthiti A jAtI hai aura lobha calA jAtA hai| satya, saMyama tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya, brahmacarya Adi dharma bhI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ko jAgrata karate rahate haiM aura vicAroM kI pavitratA ko banAye rakhate haiN| ina dharmoM kA pAlana karane se saMkalpa zakti kA vikAsa hotA hai aura sAdhaka dhyAna sAdhanA kara AtmasvarU ke cintana meM DUbane lagatA hai| (8) ratnatraya kI samanvita sAdhanA tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ne sAdhanA kI saphalatA ke lie tIna kAraNoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai - samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra, ina tInoM tattvoM ko samave rUpa meM ratnatraya kahA jAtA hai| darzana kA artha zraddhA athavA vyAvahArika paribhASa meM AtmAnubhUti ke liye prayAsa kaha sakate haiN| zraddhApUrvaka jJAna aura cAritra samyak yoga hI mokSa rUpa sAdhanA kI saphalatA meM mUlabhUta kAraNa hai| mAtra jJAna athavA cAritra se mukti prApta nahIM ho sktii| isalie ina tInoM kI samanvita 2010_04

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19 avasthA ko hI mokSamArga kahA gayA hai- samyagdarzana jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArgaHtattvArthasUtra 1.1 / ratnatraya kA pAlana hI dharma hai| isa prakAra kI paribhASAyeM dekhiye1. sadRSTijJAnavRttAni dharma dharmezvarA viduH - ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 3 2. dhammo NAma sammaiMsaNa-NANa-carittANi- dhavalA, pu. 8, pR. 92. 3. samyagdRSTi- prApti cAritraM dharmoM ratnatrayAtmakaH - lATIsaMhitA, 4.237-38. mokSa-prApti kA ratnatraya ke sAtha avinAbhAva sambandha hai| jisa prakAra auSadhi para samyak vizvAsa, jJAna aura AcaraNa kiye binA rogI roga se mukta nahIM ho sakatA usI prakAra saMsAra ke janma-maraNa sabhI roga se mukta hone ke lie ratnatraya kA samyak yoga honA Avazyaka hai| tattvArthavArtika (1.1, pR. 14) meM isa sandarbha meM bar3e acche do zloka uddhRta hue haiM - hataM jJAnaM kriyAhInaM hatA cAjJAninAM kriyaa| dhAvan kilAnyako dagdhaH pazyannapi ca pNgulH|| saMyogameveha vahanti tajjJAnamekacakreNa rathaH pryaati| andhazca paMguzca vane praviSTau tau saMprayuktau nagare prvissttau|| jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina sAta tattvoM aura puNya-pApa ko milAkara nava padArthoM meM ruci honA samyagdarzana hai -- taccaruI sammattaM-mokkhapAhuDa, 38 / sacce deva, zAstra aura guru kA jJAna honA bhI samyagdarzana hai| vaha paropadeza se athavA paropadeza ke binA bhI prakaTa hotA hai| ina donoM prakAroM meM AtmapratIti honA mUla kAraNa hai| AtmapratIti se samyAjJAna hotA hai| samyagjJAna vaha hai jisameM saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha sahI sthiti meM pratibimbita hoN| pramANa aura naya isI sImA meM Ate haiN| samyaktva kA mahattva "daMsaNabhaTTA bhaTTA" gAthA se bhalI-bhAMti spaSTa ho jAtA hai| samyak AcaraNa ko samyakcAritra kahA jAtA hai jisameM koI pApa-kriyAyeM na hoM, kaSAya na hoM, bhAva nirmala hoM tathA para-padArthoM meM rAgAdika vikAra na hoN| yaha samyakcAritra do prakAra kA hotA hai - gRhasthoM ke lie aura muniyoM ke lie| eka aNuvrata hai dUsarA mahAvrata hai| inameM aNuvratoM kI saMkhyA bAraha hai --- ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha, digvrata, dezavrata aura anarthadaNDavrata paMcavratoM ko pAlana karane meM sahAyaka banate haiM aura sAmAyika, 2010_04

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proSadhopavAsa, bhogopabhogapariNAma tathA atithi saMvibhAga ina cAra vratoM kA pAlana karane se sAmAjikatA kA pAlana hotA hai| zrAvaka bar3I mahattvapUrNa avasthA hai| isameM vyakti isa avasthA taka pahu~ca jAtA hai ki vaha upadeza grahaNa karane kA pAtra bana ske| vaha bAraha vratoM kA pAlana ghara meM rahakara karatA hai| vrata pAlana karane se dhIre-dhIre usakI cittavRttiyA~ vizuddhatA kI ora bar3hatI calI jAtI hai| AtmA meM isa AdhyAtmika kramika vikAsa ko jainadharma meM pratimA kahA gayA hai| unakI saMkhyA bAraha hai| unameM prArambha ke chaha pratimAdhArI gRhastha kahalAte haiM aura ve jaghanya zrAvaka haiN| sAta se navamI pratimAdhArI ko brahmacArI yA varNI kahA jAtA hai| ve madhyama zrAvaka haiM tathA dazavIM aura gyArahavIM pratimA ke dhAraka bhikSuka kahalAte haiM aura ve utkRSTa zrAvaka haiN| unameM dazavI pratimA taka sAdhaka zrAvaka gRhasthAvasthA meM rahatA hai para gyArahavIM pratimA svIkAra karane para use gRhatyAga karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| usake bAda vaha paripUrNa niSparigrahI muni bana sakatA hai| jaina muni 28 mUla guNoM kA pAlana karatA hai --- pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samitiyA~, paJcendriyavijaya, chaha Avazyaka, keza luJcanatA, acelakatA, asnAnatA, bhazaiyyA, sthiti bhojana, adanta dhAvana aura ekbhukti| ina mUlaguNoM ke paripAlana se usake mana meM saMvega aura vairAgya kI bhAvanA prabalatara hotI rahatI hai| vaha kSamAdi daza dharmoM kA pAlana karatA hai aura anitya, azaraNa Adi bAraha bhAvanAoM kA anucintana karatA hai, bAIsa parISahoM ko sahajatApUrvaka sahana karatA hai tathA bAhya tapoM aura antaraMga tapoM kA pAlana karatA hai| (9) svAdhyAya jaina saMskRti meM svAdhyAya ko sarvottama tapa mAnA gayA hai| vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA, AmnAya aura dharmakathA ke mAdhyama se use kiyA jAtA hai| use dharma meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai| jainAgama granthoM meM dharma kI ukta cAroM paribhASAoM ko eka sthAna para bhI ekatrita kiyA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM meM bhI ye paribhASAyeM bikharI par3I huI haiN| unakA sundara sUtrIkaraNa AcArya kArtikeya ne kiyA hai| jisameM svAdhyAna kA rUpa pratibimbita huA hai| dhammo vatthusahAvo khamAdibhAvo ya dasaviho dhmmo| rayaNattayaM ca dhammo jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhmmo|| (kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 478) 2010_04

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uttarakAlIna AcAryoM ne bhI jahA~ kahIM AcArya kArtikeya kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| vastuta: ye paribhASAyeM dharma ke vividha rUpoM ko ujAgara karatI hai| unameM koI bheda nahIM hai, varNana karane kA tarIkA hI alaga-alaga hai| ina sArI paribhASAoM kI AdhArazilA hai - jaM icchasi appaNatto, jaM ca naM icchati appnnNto| taM iccha parassa vi yA, ettiyagaM jinnsaasnnN|| arthAt apane liye vahI cAho jo tuma dUsaroM ke lie bhI cAhate ho aura jo tuma apane liye nahIM cAhate vaha dUsaroM ke lie bhI mata caaho| yahI jinazAsana hai| svAdhyAya ke mAdhyama se hI yaha prAptavya hai| jainadharma meM dharma kI ye sArI paribhASAe~ samatA ko kendra meM rakhakara banAI gaI haiN| samatA pAne kA icchaka sAdhaka taba mAtra paramparA kA pAlana nahIM krtaa| vaha to apane meM hara pala krAnti dekhatA hai, nayo jyoti pAtA hai| isaliye dharma vaiyaktika hai, sAmUhika nhiiN| usa jyoti ko pAne meM use svAdhyAya sabase bar3A sahayogI tattva siddha hotA hai aura usI tattva se vaha parama satya ko upalabdha ho jAtA hai --- svAdhyAyaH zreyase mataH / (10) upayoga aura bhakti jaina saMskRti meM AtmA se paramAtmA banane ke lie zuddha bhakti kA Azraya liyA jAtA hai| yahA~ AtmA kI vyAkhyA 'upayoga' zabda ke mAdhyama se bhI kI gaI hai| yaha upayoga caitanya kA pariNAma hai, jJAna-darzana mUlaka hai| jo jJAnopayoga indriyoM kI sahAyatA ke binA hI pragaTa hotA hai vaha kevalajJAna hai, svabhAvajJAna hai| zeSa cAroM jJAnoM meM se matijJAna aura zrutajJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hote haiM tathA antima do jJAna avadhi jJAna aura manaHparyayajJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA ke binA hI utpanna hote haiN| kramaza: ye jJAna uttarottara vimalatA ko liye rahate haiN| yaha upayoga tIna prakAra kA hai - zubhopayoga, azubhopayoga tathA shuddhopyog| jIvoM para dayA, zuddha mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA, zuddha darzana jJAnarUpa upayoga ye zubhopayoga saMvara tathA nirjarA sahita mukhyatA se puNya karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| pUjA, dAna Adi meM lIna AtmA zubhopayogI hotI hai, paMca parameSThiyoM ke prati bhakti-bhAva se bhI zubhopayoga hotA hai| prazama, saMvega, maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyastha Adi bhAvanAoM se citta vizuddha hotA hai| para rAga, dveSa, moha 2010_04

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22 Adi vikAra bhAva isa citta vizuddhi ko prApta karane meM bAdhaka banate haiM / kaSAya vyakti ko bAMdha detI hai, kATa detI hai, krodha prIti ko naSTa karatA hai, ahaGkAra vinamratA ko naSTa karatA hai, mAyA maitrI ko naSTa karatI hai aura lobha saba kucha naSTa kara detA hai| ina kaSAyoM se dUra hone para bhI samyak dharma kA udaya hotA hai / zubhopAyoga rUpa vyavahAra dharma puNya kA kAraNa hai aura azubhopayogI rUpa asadAcaraNa pApakarmAsrava kA kAraNa hai| AtmA kA zuddha svabhAva zuddhopayoga hai jo zubhopayoga ke mAdhyama se prApta hotA hai| zuddhopayoga hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| - zubhopayoga vyavahAra dharma hai aura zuddhopayoga nizcaya dharma hai / jIva kA svabhAva atIndriya Ananda hai / jisa anuSThAna vizeSa se usa Ananda kI prApti hotI hai vaha dharma kahA jAtA hai| vaha do prakAra kA hai - eka bAhya aura antaraMga | dUsarA pUjA, dAna, puNya, zIla, saMyama, vrata, tyAga Adi bAhya anuSThAna haiM aura antaraMga anuSThAna samatA va vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA karanA hai / bAhya anuSThAna vyavahAra dharma hai aura antaraMga anuSThAna nizcayadharma hai| nizcaya dharma samyaktva rahita bhI hotA hai / paramasamAdhi rUpa kevalajJAna prApta karane ke lie vyavahAra dharma bhI tyAjya ho jAtA hai| isake bAvajUda nizcaya va vyavahAra dharma sApekSa hI haiM, nirapekSa nahIM / samyak vyavahAra dharma saMvara tathA karmanirjarA kA tathA paramparA se mokSa kA kAraNa siddha hotA hai| zramaNa saMskRti yadyapi mUlataH sva puruSArthavAdI saMskRti hai para vyavahAra meM vaha apane parama vIttarAga iSTadeva ke prati zraddhA aura bhakti kI abhivyakti se vimukha nahIM raha skii| yaha svAbhAvika hai aura manovaijJAnika bhI / vyakti ke mana meM jisake prati pUjya bhAva hotA hai, usake prati niSThA, zraddhA, AsthA aura bhakti svayaM sphuri hone lagatI hai aura svara laya khojane lagatA hai| stuti aura stotra usI laya kA jIvanta rUpa hai| saMgIta kA mAdhurya aura hRdaya kA svara-srota usI se pravAhita hotA hai| bhakti ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtmikatA ke sAtha-sAtha bhautika sAdhanoM kI prApti kI bhI lAlasA jAgrata hotI hai aura usI lAlasA se mantra-tantra kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| isalie bhakti adhyAtma kA niSyanda hai aura mantra-tantra usake patra - puSpa / nirvANa prApti usakA phala aura lakSya hai| isa bhUmikA para baiThakara jaba hama Agama aura siddhAnta granthoM ko dekhate haiM, TaTolate haiM to pAte haiM ki bhakti vaha ArAdhanA hai jo vItarAga deva ke prati zuddha ratnatraya - pariNAmoM se kI jAtI hai| vastutaH vaha zuddha Atmatattva kI bhAvanA 2010_04

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23 hai| vyavahAra se sarAga samyagdRSTi paMca parameSThiyoM kI ArAdhanA-bhakti karatA hai, vizuddha bhAvoM ke sAtha unake prati anurAga vyakta karatA hai| yaha bhakti-darzana-vizuddhi Adi ke binA ho nahIM sktii| isa bhakti kI chaha Avazyaka kriyAyeM haiM - sAmAyika, vandanA, stuti, svAdhyAya, pratyAkhyAna aura kaayotsrg| stutiyoM meM tIrthaGkaroM kA stavana hotA hai aura kAyotsarga meM nizchala sIdhe khar3e hokara 27 zvAsoM meM NamokAra mantra kA japa kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka kriyA ke sAtha bhakti pAThoM kA nirdeza hai| dainika aura naimittika kriyAoM meM inhIM bhaktipAThoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| bhakti tantra se mantra paramparA kA udbhava huaa| bhakti ke pravAha meM Akara sAdhaka paramAtmA kI stuti karatA hai aura usa stuti meM vaha vAcAla ho uThatA hai| mantra usa vAcAlatA ko kama karatA hai aura mana ko ekAgra karake AdhyAtmika anubhava ko pAne kA prayatna karatA hai| nAmasmaraNa, zravaNa, manana, cintana kI pRSThabhUmi meM mantra kI utpatti hotI hai, mAMgalika kArya karane ke lie iSTadeva kI stuti hotI hai, samAsa-paddhati kA AdhAra lekara bhagavAn kA anucintana hotA hai aura maMgalavAkya ke rUpa meM mantra kI racanA ho jAtI hai| vistAra se samAsa kI ora jAne kI yaha eka sarvamAnya svAbhAvika pravRtti hai| mantra-tantra paramparA bhI usI se sambaddha hai| svAnubhUti kI sarasatA kA pAna karane ke lie mantra hI eka aisA mAdhyama hai jisameM mAnasika caMcalatA kI daur3a ko virAma diyA jA sakatA hai| isalie mantra kI paridhi meM samagra tattva-cintana A jAtA hai jo hamAre zubha-azubha bhAvoM ke sAtha ghUmatA rahatA hai| mantra kI sArthakatA hamAre bhAvoM para adhika nirbhara karatI hai| jainadharma cU~ki bhAvoM kI zuddhi aura ahiMsaka AcaraNa para adhika jora detA hai isalie zaiva aura vaiSNava zAkta paramparAoM kA prabhAva hone para bhI jaina mantra-tantra paramparA para unakI hiMsaka mAnyatA kI koI chApa dikhAI nahIM detii| koI bhI yakSa, yakSiNI, devI-devatA aisA nahIM mAnA gayA jisakA AkAra-prakAra vIbhatsa aura duSTa ho yA hiMsA kI gandha usameM AtI ho| yaha vizeSatA jaina saMskRti kI pragAr3ha ahiMsaka bhAvanA kA phala hai| havana, yajJa Adi kriyAyeM bhI yadyapi jaina saMskRti kI mUla kriyAyeM nahIM haiM phira bhI unheM dharma kA aMga mAna liyA gayA hai| AcArya haribhadra aura jinasena ke cintana meM ina kriyAoM ko vaidika saMskRti se lekara apane DhaMga se AtmasAt 1. niyamasAra, 134; samayasAra, tA.vR. 174-176. 2010_04

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kiyA gayA hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki jaina saMskRti ne use vyavahAra dharma kA aMga banA diyA aura ahiMsAtmakatA kI paridhi ke bhItara use svIkAra kara liyaa| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki vyavahAra dharma jaina saMskRti meM nizcaya dharma ke lie sopAnavat kAma karatA hai| isalie vaha bhakti kA abhinna aMga hai aura upekSaNIya nahIM hai| isakA phala yaha huA ki bhakti zAstra kA janma huA aura mantra-tantra paramparA stutiyoM aura stotroM kA sRjana huaa| nizcaya aura vyavahAra dharma ke samanvaya se ahiMsA kI paridhi meM rahakara jaina saMskRti vaidika saMskRti ke samIpa pahu~cakA bhI apanA pRthak astitva banAye rakhane meM sakSama rhii| zAkAhAra kI pratiSThA aura paryAvaraNa kI surakSA kA AhvAna sabase pahale jaina saMskRti ne hI kiyA jo usakI mUla avadhAraNA kA aMga thaa| (11) sAmAjika samatA jaina saMskRti bhAva pradhAna saMskRti hai| isalie vahA~ U~ca-nIca, strI-puruSa sabhI ke lie samAna sthAna rahA hai| vaidika saMskRti meM prasthApita jAtivAda ke kaThora zrRMkhalA ko kATakara mahAvIra ne janma ke sthAna para karma kA AdhAra diyA unhoMne kahA ki ucca kula meM utpanna hone mAtra se vyakti ko U~cA nahIM kaha jA sktaa| vaha U~cA tabhI ho sakatA hai jabaki usakA cAritra yA kartRtva U~ca ho, vizuddha ho| isalie mahAvIra ne samAnatA ke AdhAra para cAroM jAtiyoM ke naI vyavasthA kI aura unheM eka manuSya jAti ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA / mnussyjaatirekaiv| kammuNA bambhaNo hoI, kammuNA hoI khttiyo| vaisso kammuNo hoI, suddo hoI kmmunno|| uttarA. 25.19.20 isI sAmAjika samatA ke AdhAra para mahAvIra ne sabhI jAtiyoM aura sampradAya ke logoM ko apane dharma meM dIkSita kiyA aura unheM vizuddha AcaraNa dekara vItarAgata ke patha para baiThA diyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAcAryoM meM sabhI jAtiyoM ke AcA hue haiN| isI prakAra nArI ko bhI dAsatA se mukta kara use sAmAjika samatA va hI dehalI para nahIM khar3A kiyA balki nirvANa-prApti kA bhI adhikAra ghoSita kiyaa| yaha usa samaya kA bahuta bar3A krAntikArI siMhanAda thaa| dAsa mutti nArI mukti aura jAtibheda mukti ke kSetra meM jaina saMskRti kA yaha avadA avismaraNIya hai| 2010_04

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(12) vaiyaktika svAtantrya aura karmavAda jaina saMskRti vaiyaktika svAtantrya para vizvAsa karatI hai| isalie usane vyakti ko hI usake sukha-duHkha kA pUrNa uttaradAyI banAyA hai| jJAna aura adhyAtma meM samanvaya sthApita kara hamAre AcaraNa kI kArya-kAraNAtmaka mImAMsA meM usane karmavAda ko sthApita kara IzvaravAda ko nakAra diyA hai| saMsAra kI vibhinnatA meM karma ko bhI kAraNa batalAkara use anAdi tathA zAnta batAyA aura mokSa prApti ke mArga ko pUrNa vItarAgatA tathA vizuddhi ke mAdhyama se prazasta kiyA / 25 karma adRzya hai aura paudgalika hai| use hama vAsanA aura saMskAra nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki ve to dhAraNA yA smRti se sambaddha haiN| acchAI yA burAI se usakA koI sambandha nhiiN| usakA sambandha hai hamAre karma se, rAga-dveSa se / rAga-dveSa kA valaya hI hamAre AcaraNa kA AdhAra bana jAtA hai| mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda aura kaSAya ke yoga se karmAzrava hote haiN| ve sahaja nahIM, Agantuka haiN| unake vartamAna ke sAtha atIta aura bhaviSya bhI jur3A rahatA hai| amUrta AtmA ke sAtha mUrta karma kA saMyoga sambandha vaise hI ho jAtA hai| jaise amUrta AkAza kA mUrtaghaTa se sambandha hokara vaha ghaTAkAza, paTAkAza kI saMjJA pA jAtA hai| yaha paudgalika karma hamAre bhAvakarma para nirbhara karatA hai| bhAvacitta kA saMvAdI hotA hai| paudgalikacitta aura paudgalika citta kA saMvAdI hotA hai-- sthUla zarIra | kartRtva aura bhoktRtva donoM Apasa meM guMthe hue haiN| unheM kisI IzvararUpa niyantA yA niyAmaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / karma kA vipAka svayaM ho jAtA hai yA tapa se unakI nirjarA kara lI jAtI hai| ise hama udAttIkaraNa yA mArgAnnarIkaraNa bhI kaha sakate haiN| AtmA meM acintya jJAna - darzana zakti kA prasphuTana karma - nirjarA ke bAda hI hotA hai / isa avasthA ko koI bhI vyakti apanI sAdhanA se prApta kara sakatA hai| yahAM AtmA kI hI tIna avasthAyeM haiM. * bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / bahirAtmA saMsArAvasthA hai| antarAtmA vizuddha patha para calanA hai aura paramAtmA pUrNa vItarAga avasthA hai| Izvara kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| saMsAra kI sRSTi nimittaupAdAna se svayameva hotI rahatI hai| vyakti apane hI zrama aura puruSArtha se paramAtmA bana sakatA hai (13) dArzanika avadAna jainadharma kI samUcI avadhAraNAeM svAnubhUti para TikI huI haiN| isalie ahiMsA aura samatAvAda isa darzana kI mUla bhitti bnii| dArzanika kSetra meM bhI isI bhitti 2010_04

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26 para pratiSThita hokara anekAntavAda, syAdvAda, aura pramANavAda ko saMsthApita kiyA, bhedavijJAna ne adhyAtma ko pukhtA kiyA aura utpAdavyaya- dhrauvyAtmaka tattvavAda ne saMsAra ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyaa| bauddhadharma bhedavAdI aura asatkAryavAdI hai, nyAya-vaizeSikoM ne asatkAryavAda kI pratiSThA kI, sAMkhya-yoga satkAryavAdI haiM, mImAMsaka bAhyArthavAdI hokara pariNAmavAdI haiN| ye sabhI darzana bhedavAdI rahe haiN| jaina darzana ne anekAntavAda ke AdhAra para bhedAbhedavAda kI bAta kahakara sadasatkAryavAda kI saMstuti kI aura isI meM kSaNabhaMguratAvAda ke sahI darzana kraaye| jaina darzana ne AtmA ko nitya, vizuddha aura jJAna-darzana Adi guNamaya mAnA, parantu yaha bhI kahA ki mithyAtva aura ajJAnatA ke kAraNa usakA yaha svarUpa dhUla dhUsarita ho jAtA hai| yoganirodha se usa vizuddha mUla rUpa ko puna: prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmA kA yaha svatantra astitva jainadarzana kI eka viziSTa dena hai| mana ko paudgalika kahakara isa vicAra ko aura bhI pukhtA kara diyA hai| ___ yahAM Izvara na to jagat kA sRSTikartA hai aura na krm-phlprdaataa| sRSTi to aNu-skandhoM ke svAbhAvika pariNamana se hotI hai| usameM cetana-acetana athavA anya kAraNa kabhI-kabhI nimitta avazya bana jAte haiM para unake saMyoga-viyoga meM Izvara jaisA koI kAraNa nahIM hotaa| apanI kAraNa-sAmagrI ke saMvalita ho jAne para yaha saba svAbhAvika pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| saMsAra ko SaDdravyAtmaka kahakara aura kAla svatantra dravya ko mAnakara isa vicAra ko aura bhI paripuSTa kiyA hai| pramANa kA svarUpa-manthana karate hue jainAcAryoM ne samyagjJAna ko pramANa mAnA aura use sva-para prakAzaka kahakara avisaMvAdI honA Avazyaka khaa| sannikarSa ko yahAM sAdhakatamakaraNa na mAnakara jJAna ko hI sAdhakatamakaraNa mAnA hai|jain darzana pramANasaMplavavAdI hai| vaha veda ko apauruSeya na mAnakara pramANa ko svataH aura parata: donoM mAnatA hai| usane nizcayAtmaka savikalpakajJAna ko pratyakSa kahakara pratyakSa aura parokSa kI svatantra avadharaNA dI hai| yahI cintana usakI viziSTa dena hai| (14) kalAtmaka avadAna kalA AtmAnubhUti kA paryAyArthaka zabda hai| isakA sambandha mUla pravRttiyoM kI abhivyakti se hai| isalie isameM adhyAtma kA bhI nirjhara jharatA hai aura isI 2010_04

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27 ke mAdhyama se rAgAdi vikAroM kI bhI khulepana se jAnakArI dI jAtI hai| jaina saMskRti meM kalA kA mUla uddezya adhyAtma kI abhivyakti hai aura sArI abhivyaktiyAM usI ke irda-girda ghUmatI rahatI haiN| jaina sAdhakoM ne kalA aura sthApatya ko eka nayA AyAma diyA hai| unhoMne mUrtikalA, vAstukalA, abhilekha, pANDulipi, citrazailI Adi sabhI kSetroM ko pariSkRta kiyA hai| haDappA aura lohAnIpura se prApta mastaka vihIna nagna kAyotsargI mUrtiyA~ tathA mohanajodar3o se prApta isI taraha kI anya mUrtiyoM kI avasthiti ko kadAcit mUrtikalA ke kSetra meM jainoM kA mahattvapUrNa avadAna kahA jA sakatA hai| khAravela ke zilAlekha ne nandakAlIna kaliMga jina kI mUrti kA ullekha kara isa avadAna para eka aura hastAkSara kara diyA hai| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle meM chipI jaina kalA sampadA ne to aura bhI use samRddha kara diyA hai| zravaNabelagolA kI bAhubalI pratimA to vizruta hai hii| yahAM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki zAsana devI-devatAoM ke Ane ke bAvajUda mUrtikalA ke kSetra meM ahiMsA kA hI prAdhAnya rahA hai| usameM kisI bhI mUrti ke sAtha hiMsaka tattva nahIM jur3A huA hai| tantra-mantra kA kSetra bhI ahiMsaka hI rahA hai| mUrtikalA ke sAtha hI guphAoM aura vAstukalA kA sambandha bhI avicchina hai| barAbara, nAgArjunI pahAr3a, udayagiri- khaNDagiri, rAnIguphA, giranAra guphAyeM, sonabhaNDAra tathA dakSiNApatha kI madurai, rAmanAthapuram, sitanavAsala Adi meM prApta jaina guphAyeM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| AyAgapaTTa, stUpa, sarasvatI mUrtiyoM, mandira Adi ke nirmANa ne vAstukalA ko aura bhI samRddha kiyaa| nAgara, vesara aura drAviDa zailiyoM ke sAtha hI anya prAdezika zailiyoM kA bhI bharapUra prayoga jaina sAdhakoM ne kiyA hai| samUce bhAratavarSa meM jaina sthApatyakalA phailI huI hai| zailotkIrNa guphA mandiroM ke atirikta pallava, cAlukya, hoyasala Adi sabhI zailiyoM meM mandiroM kA nirmANa huA hai| citrakalA bhAvAbhivyakti kA sundaratama udAharaNa hai| usameM upadeza aura sandeza dene kI anUThI kSamatA hai| jainAcAryoM ne jainadharma ke pracAra meM isakA samucita upayoga kiyA hai| nAyAdhammakahAo, varAMgacarita, AdipurANa, harivaMzapurANa Adi granthoM meM citrakalA kA acchA varNana milatA hai| citrakalA ke bhedoM meM pramukha bheda hai - bhitticitra, kargalacitra, kASThacitra, paTacitra, raMgAvali athavA dhuulicitr| prAcInatama bhitticitra zittanAvAsala ke jaina guphA mandira meM milate haiN| vahA~ jalAzaya kA eka sundara citra banAyA gayA hai| elorA aura zravaNavelagolA ke 2010_04

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28 maThoM meM bhI yaha citra paramparA dikhAI detI hai| yaha paramparA 11vIM zatI taka adhika lokapriya rhii| usake bAda tAr3apatroM para citrAMkana prArambha ho gyaa| mUDavadrI, pATana Adi grantha bhaNDAroM meM yaha citrAMkana surakSita hai| kargala (kAgaja) citra lagabhaga 14vIM zatI ke bAda adhika milate haiN| pANDulipiyoM meM kathAoM ko citrAMkita kiyA jAtA thaa| kAlakAcArya kathA zAntinAthacarita, supAsanAhacariya, yazodharacarita, kalpasUtra Adi ko citroM meM bAMdhA gayA hai| isa citrAMkana meM samRddhi zailI, taimUra citra zailI Adi kA upayoga huA hai| inameM raMgayojanA, vividha mudrAyeM, veza-bhUSA tathA sthApatya kI aneka paramparAoM kA aMkana huA hai| kASTha citra pANDulipiyoM para lage kASThaphalakoM para banAye jAte the| ina para vidyAdeviyoM, tIrthaGkaroM aura pazu-pakSiyoM tathA mAnavAkRtiyoM kA aMkana kiyA jAtA thaa| rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM isa zailI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra paTacitra aura dhUlicitra ke bhI ullekha sAhitya meM milate haiN| citrakalA ke ina vividha rUpoM meM jaina sAdhakoM ne apanI dhArmika bhAvanAoM kI saphala abhivyakti kI hai| usake mAdhyama se antarvRttiyoM kA udghATana, manodazAoM kA abhivyaJjana tathA rUpa-bhAvanA aura AkRti-saundarya kA citraNa bar3I saphalatApUrvaka huA hai| (15) ekAtmakatA aura rASTrIyatA jaina saMskRti meM ekAtmakatA aura rASTrIyatA ko utanA hI mahattva diyA gayA hai jitanA caritra ko| dharma aura saMskRti paraspara guthe hue avicchinna aMga haiN| unakI sAMskRtikatA vyakti, samudAya aura rASTra kI eka ajIba nabja huA karatI hai jisakI dhar3akana ko dekha-samajhakara usakI traikAlika sthiti kA andAja laga jAtA hai| hamArI bhAratIya saMskRti meM utAra-car3hAva aura utthAna-patana Aye para sAMskRtika ekatA kabhI vicchinna nahIM ho skii| usameM ekAtmakatA ke svara sadaiva mukharita hote rhe| itihAsa ke udaya kAla se lekara Aja taka isa vaiziSTya ko jaina saMskRti saheje huye hai| rASTra eka sundara manamohaka zarIra hai| usake aneka aMgopAMga hai jinakI prakRti aura viSaya bhinna-bhinna haiN| apanI sImA se unakA bandhatva hai, lagAva hai 1. vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dekhiye- lekhaka kA grantha 'jaina darzana aura saMskRti kA itihAsa', nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, 1977. ____ 2010_04

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29 aura isI lagAva se unameM paraspara saMgharSa bhI hote haiN| ina sabake bAvajUda ve mUla AtmA se pRthak hote dikhAI nahIM dete| AtmA ke nAma para unameM ekAtmakatA sadaiva banI rahatI hai| yaha eka aisI anviti hai jisameM bAhya tattva bhI cipaka jAte haiM, rama jAte haiM aura eka hI tattva meM samAhita ho jAte haiN| hamAre rASTra kA astitva ekAtmakatA kI zrRMkhalA se snehilatApUrvaka bhalI-bhAMti jur3A huA hai jisameM jaina saMskRti kA anUThA yogadAna hai| rASTrIyatA kA jAgaraNa usake vikAsa kA prAthamika caraNa hai| jana-jana meM aura mana-mana meM zAnti, saha-astitva aura caturmukhI ahiMsAtmakatA usakA caramabindu hai| vividhatA meM palI - pusI ekatA, saujanya aura sauhArda ko janma detI huI "parasparopagraho jIvAnAm" kA hRdayahArI pATha par3hAtI hai aura sajjanatA ko pratiphalita karatI hai| bhASA, dharma, jAti aura prAdezikatA ekatA ko vikhaNDita karane ke prabala kAraNa hote haiN| unakI saMkIrNatA se baMdhA vyakti nyAya aura mAnavatA kI dIvAloM ko lAMghakara hiMsaka krUra aura AtatAyI ho jAtA hai| usakI dRSTi svArthaparatA ke jahara se dUSita ho jAtI hai, heyopAdeya ke viveka se mukta ho jAtI hai, sImitatA ke cakAcauMdha se aMdhiyA jAtI hai aura hiMsaka vyavahAra ko janma detI hai| bhASA abhivyakti kA eka svatantra aura sakSama sAdhana hai, sAdhya nahIM hai| jahAM vaha sAdhya ho jAtA hai vahAM AsaktiyoM aura saMkIrNatAoM ke ghere meM manomAlinya, jhagar3e-phasAda aura kalaha kI cinagAriyA~ viSAda ugalane lagatI haiM, cetanA samApta ho jAtI hai, hoza gAyaba ho jAtA hai| mAtra baca jAtA hai virodha, vaimanasya aura prAdezikatA kI sar3I galI bhAvanAyeM / eka varga vizeSa dharma ko aphIma mAnatA AyA hai| usakA darzana jo bhI ho para yaha tathya itihAsa ke patroM se chipA nahIM hai ki jaba bhI dhArmika unmAda ubharA alpasaMkhyakoM para musIbata AyI aura dharma ke nAma para unheM burI taraha kucalA gyaa| dharma kA yadi supAka na huA ho to vaha viSa se bhI badatara siddha hotA hai| dharma ke antastala taka pahu~canA sarala nahIM hotA / tathAkathita dhArmika aura rAjanItika netA jaba dharma ke mukhauTe ko or3hakara janasamudAya kI bhAvanAoM ko ubhArakara apanA ullU sIdhA karate haiM to vastutaH ve kisI dezadrohI se kama nahIM haiN| bhUse se bharA unakA dimAga aura ugala bhI kyA sakatA hai? dharma kI galI sakarI hotI nahIM, banA dI jAtI hai aura use itanI sakarI banA dete haiN| hamAre ahaMmanya netA ki usameM dUsarA koI praveza kara hI nahIM pAtA / praveza ke abhAva meM khUna khaccara hone kI AzaMkAyeM bar3ha jAtI haiM, saMyama kI sArI argalAyeM 2010_04

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30 TUTa jAtI haiM aura amAnavIya bhAvanAoM ko anadhikRta praveza mila jAtA hai| hamArI sArI rAjanIti kA kendra-bindu Aja dharma aura jAti bana gayA hai| dharmanirapekSatA kI bAta Aja mAtra dhokhe kI TaTTI ho gaI hai| zaikSaNika saMsthAyeM bhI isa karAla garala se baca nahIM pA rahI haiN| kursI bacAne aura pAne kI pravRtti ne hamArI naitikatA para kaThora padAghAta kiyA hai| usane nayI pIr3hI ke khUna meM ajIbogarIba mAnasikatA bhara dI hai, saMskAra dUSita kara diye haiM aura nikammepana aura kaThamullepana ko janma diyA hai / Aja bhale aura ImAnadAra AdamI kA jIvana dUbhara hotA jA rahA hai| usakI karAhatI AvAja ko sunane vAlA to dUra sAntvanA dene vAlA bhI nahIM miltaa| aisI sthiti meM hamArA deza kahA~ jAyegA yaha anabujhI pahelI bana gaI hai| itihAsa ke bhUle-bisare patroM ko yadi hama kholakara par3heM to yaha tathya udghATita hue dera nahIM lagegI ki hamArI bhAratIya saMskRti kA dhavala A~cala kabhI mailA nahIM huaa| AdikAla se lekara abhI taka varNa vyavasthA kI mUla AtmA jaba bhI apane patha se bhaTakI, samAja meM krUratA ke darzana avazya hue para usa svArthaparatA bharI ahaMmanyatA ko vAstavikatA kA colA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| vaha to vastutaH aisI sar3AMdha rahI hai jisameM gardIlI jAtIyatA aura dhArmika kaTTaratA panapI aura na jAne kitane asahAya vargoM ko vaitaraNI kA viSapAna karanA pdd'aa| aise apunIta, asAmAjika aura mAnavIya dUSita kadamoM ko bhAratIya saMskRti kA aMga nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaha to vastutaH vikRta mAnasikatA kA aMga rahI hai| Arya-anArya kI bhedaka rekhA ke pIche bhI aise hI garhita tattvoM kA hAtha rahA hai| sarasvatI nadI kA taTa Rgvaidika mantroM se pavitra huA para dharma ke nAma para pazu hiMsA se usakA punIta jala raktaraMjita hone se bhI nahIM baca skaa| Rgvaidika kAlIna naitika AdarzoM kI vyAkhyA uttarakAla meM badalanI pdd'ii| maryAdA puruSottama rAma aura yaduvaMzI bhagavAn kRSNa brAhmaNa aura zramaNa saMskRtiyoM ke bIca kI sudRr3ha kar3iyA~ bana gaye aura bhAratIya saMskRti ke samanvayAtmaka mUla svara aura adhika miThAsa lekara guJjita hone lge| isa miThAsa ko paidA karane meM jainadharma kA bejor3a hAtha rahA hai| brAhmaNa paramparA kI anuzrutiyoM meM licchivi, malla, moriya Adi jAtiyoM ko vrAtya kahA gayA hai| vrAtya janmataH kSatriya aura Arya jAti ke the, jo mUlataH madhya deza ke pUrva yA uttara-pazcima meM rahate the| unakI bhASA prAkRta thI aura vezabhUSA apariSkRta thii| ve caityoM kI pUjA karate the| Arya dravir3oM, nAga, paNi aura 2010_04

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vidyAdhara jAti se bhI unake sambandha the| varNasaMkaratA unameM banI huI thii| phira bhI apane ko ve kSatriya mAnate the aura zramaNa saMskRti ke pujArI the| unake vaidika yajJa vidhAna aura jAtivAda ke virodhaka prakhara svara meM AdhyAtmikatA va aupaniSadika vicAradhArA kA udaya vrAtya saMskRti kA hI pariNAma hai jahA~ vaidika yajJoM ko phUTI nAva kI upamA dI gaI hai| zramaNa vyavasthA ne usa ekAtmakatA ko acchI taraha parakhA thA aura saMjoyA thA apane vicAroM meM jinheM tIrthaGkaroM aura jainAcAryoM ne samatA, puruSArtha aura svAvalambana ko pramukhatA dekara jIvana kSetra ko eka nayA AyAma diyA aura jise mahAvIra aura buddha jaise mahAmAnavIya vyaktitvoM ne AtmAnubhUti ke mAdhyama se puSpita-phalita kiyaa| zramaNa saMskRti ne vaidika saMskRti meM dhokhe se AyI vikRta paramparAoM ke virodha meM apanI tIkhI pratikriyA vyakta kI aura anAyAsa hI samAja kA navInIkaraNa aura sthitikaraNa kara diyaa| isa samAja kI mUla nidhi cAritrika pavitratA aura ahiMsaka dRr3hatA thI jise usane thAtI banAkara kaThora jhaMjhAvAtoM meM bhI saMbhAlakara rkhaa| vibhajyavAda aura anekAntavAda ke mAdhyama se samanvaya aura ekAtmakatA ke lie jo athaka prayatna jainadharma ne kiyA hai vaha nizcaya hI anupama mAnA jaaygaa| bauddhadharma meM to kAlAntara meM vikRtiyA~ A bhI gaIM para jainadharma ne cAritra ke nAma para kabhI koI samajhautA nahIM kiyaa| ___ aba mAtra saMskRta hI sAhityakAroM kI abhivyakti kA sAdhana nahIM thaa| pAli, prAkRta, apabhraMza jaisI lokaboliyoM ne bhI janamAnasa kI cetanA ko naye svara diye aura sAhitya sRjana kA nayA prAMgaNa khula gyaa| isa samUce sAhitya meM ekAtmakatA kA jitanA sundara tAnA-bAnA huA hai vaha anyatra durlabha hai| arhantoM aura bodhisatvoM kI vANI ne jIvana-prAsAda ko jitanA manorama aura dhavala banAyA utanI hI unake prati AtmIyatA jAgrata hotI rhii| phalata: hara kSetra meM unakA atula yogadAna sAmane aayaa| bhAvAtmaka ekatA kI sRjana-zakti bhI yahIM se vikasita huii| isI bIca magadha sAmrAjya kA udaya huaa| videzI AkramaNa hue| usa rAjanItika asthiratA ko dUrakara ekatA prasthApita karane kA kAma kiyA- rASTranirmAtA kuzala prazAsaka maurya samrATa candragupta maurya ne jisane jainAcArya bhadrabAhu ke sAtha dakSiNa pradeza kI yAtrA kI aura digambara munivrata dhAraNa kara zravaNabelagolA meM samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka zarIra tyAga diyaa| azoka (268-69 I0pU0) bhI mUlata: jaina samrAT thA jisameM dhArmika sahiSNutA, sArvabhaumikatA, asAmpradAyika manovRtti, 2010_04

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32 ahiMsAtmaka bhAvanA, sadvicAra aura ekAtmakatA kUTa-kUTa kara bharI huI thii| maurya sAmrAjya ke patana ke bAda puSpamitra zuMga ne brAhmaNa sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kii| Andhra-sAtavAhana Aye jinhoMne prAkRta bhASA ko vizeSa Azraya diyaa| kaliMga khAravela bhI jaina samrAT thA jisane magadha sAmrAjya se yuddha kara kaliMga jinamUrti ko vApisa prApta kiyaa| isI samaya mUrtikalA ke kSetra meM gAndhArakalA ne eka nayI dRSTi-sRSTi dii| mathurA kalA kA bhI apane DhaMga kA vikAsa huA aura vahA~ jaina, bauddha, vaidika tInoM sampradAya samAna rUpa se vikAsa karate rhe| mathurA kI jainakalA kadAcit prAcInatama kalA hai| guptakAla ko hamAre itihAsa kA svarNayuga mAnA jAtA hai| pUjyapAda, siddhasena Adi prakhara jaina vidvAna isI kAla meM hue jinhoMne samanvayavAditA para vizeSa jora diyaa| isI yuga meM devardhigaNi dvArA 453 I0 meM vallabhI meM jainAgamoM kA saMkalana huaa| gupta kAla ke bAda rAjanItika vikendrIkaraNa kI pravRtti prArambha ho gii| isa kAla meM harSa kI dhArmika sahiSNutA vizeSa nidarzanIya hai| harSa kI mRtyu(646I0) ke uparAnta uttara bhArata meM pAla, sena, paramAra, kalacuri Adi kitane hI choTe-moTe rAjA hue jinhoMne hamArI saMskRti ko sarakSita hI nahIM rakhA, balki use bahata kucha diyA bhI hai| vAkATaka, rASTrakUTa Adi rAjavaMzoM ne bhI jainadharma kA pAlana karate hue sAMskRtika ekatA ke yajJa meM apanA yogadAna diyaa| pUrva madhyakAla meM cAlukya, pAla, cedi, candela Adi vaMza Aye jinhoMne zaiva aura vaiSNava mata kA vizeSa prasAra kiyaa| zAkta aura nAtha sampradAya bhI udita hue| brahmA, viSNu, maheza, gaNeza, dikpAla Adi kI pUjA kA pracalana bar3hA aura avatAravAda kA khUba pracAra-prasAra bddh'aa| isI kAla meM bauddhadharma kI tAntrikatA ne use patana kA rAstA batA diyaa| para jainadharma apekSAkRta adhika acchI sthiti meM rhaa| vizeSata: dakSiNa bhArata meM use acchA rAjyAzraya milaa| yadyapi liMgAyata sampradAya dvArA DhAye gaye atyAcAroM ko bhI use jhelanA pdd'aa| phira bhI apanI cAritrika niSThA ke kAraNa jainadharma nAmazeSa nahIM ho skaa| yaha isalie bhI huA ki jainadharma vaidika dharma ke adhika samIpa A gayA thaa| kalA ke kSetra meM usakA yaha rUpa AsAnI se dekhA jA sakatA hai| jainadharma prArambha se hI vastutaH ekAtmakatA kA pakSadhara rahA hai| usakA anekAntavAda kA siddhAnta ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi meM ekAtmakatA ko hI puSTa karatA rahA hai| yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai| hiMsA ke virodha meM abhivyakta apane ojasvI 2010_04

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33 aura prabhAvaka vicAroM se jainAcAryoM ne eka ora jahA~ dUsaroM ke duHkhoM ko dUra karane kA prayAsa kiyA vahI mAnava-mAnava ke bIca panapa rahe antardvandvoM ko samApta karane kA bhI mArga prazasta kiyaa| samantabhadra ne usI ko sarvodayavAda kahA thaa| harabhadra aura hemacandra ne isI ke svara ko nayA AyAma diyA thaa| prArambha se lekara abhI taka sabhI jainAcArya apane upadeza aura sAhitya sRjana ke mAdhyama se ekAtmakatA kI pratiSThA karane meM hI lage rahe haiN| itihAsa meM aisA koI udAharaNa nahIM jisameM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ne kisI para AkramaNa kiyA ho aura ekAtmakatA ko dhakkA lagAyA ho| bhAratIya saMskRti meM usakA yaha ananya yogadAna hai jise kisI bhI kImata para jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sktaa| musalima AkramaNakAriyoM dvArA mandiroM aura zAstra bhaNDAroM ke naSTa kiye jAne ke bAvajUda jainadharmAvalambiyoM ne apanI ahiMsA aura ekAtmakatA ke svara meM A~ca nahIM Ane dii| yaha unakI ahiMsaka dhArmika jIvana paddhati aura dArzanika, AdhyAtmika tathA sAmAjika cintana kA pariNAma thA ki sadaiva usane jor3ane kA kAma kiyA, tor3ane kA nhiiN| (16) loka bolI prAkRta kA prayoga ___ vyakti aura samAja ko jor3ane ke lie mAtRbhASA kA prayoga eka Avazyaka tattva hai| sabhI ko jor3ane kA aura apanI vicAradhArA ko sazakta DhaMga se prastuta karane kA bhI vaha eka mahanIya sAdhana hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne usa samaya bolI jAne vAlI prAkRta ko apanI abhivyakti kA sAdhana banAyA aura apane darzana ko janatA ke samakSa rkhaa| janatA ne bhI usakA bharapUra svAgata kiyaa| abhivyakti ke kSetra meM loka bolI kA prayoga nizcita hI eka krAntikArI kadama thaa| uttarakAlIna jainAcAryoM ne bhI abhivyakti ke lie isI sAdhana ko apnaayaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina sAhitya prAkRta meM bahata milatA hai| jaina saMskRti kI ye mUla avadhAraNAe~ mAnavatAvAda ke vikAsa meM sadaiva kAryakArI rahI hai| unhoMne Arthika, sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika kSetra se bhraSTAcAra dUra kara sarvodayavAda aura ahiMsAvAdI vicAradhArA ko pracArita karane kA athak prayatna kiyA, dhanopArjana ke siddhAntoM ko nyAyavattA kI ora mor3A, mUka prANiyoM kI vedanA ko ahiMsA kI cetanAdAyI saMjIvinI se dUra kiyA, zAkAhAra para pUrA bala dekara paryAvaraNa kI rakSA kI aura sAmAjika viSamatA kI sarvabhakSI agni ko samatA ke zItala jala aura manda vayAra se zAnta kiyaa| jIvana ke hara aMga meM ahiMsA aura madya, mA~sa, dyUta Adi jIvanaghAtI vyasanoM se mukti ke mahattva ko pradarzita kara mAnavatA ke saMrakSaNa meM jaina saMskRti ne sarvAdhika yogadAna diyA 2010_04

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34 hai| yaha usakI gahana caritra-niSThA kA pariNAma hai| bAraha vratoM meM anarthadaNDavara ko jor3akara usane aura bhI mahanIya pratiSThA kA kAma kiyA hai| paryAvaraNa vaM surakSita rakhane kA bhI uttaradAyitva jainoM ne acchI taraha nibhAyA hai| unakI vaijJAniva dRSTi bhI ullekhanIya rahI hai| yaha tathya jaina sAhitya se paripuSTa ho jaataa| isalie hama yahAM jainAcAryoM dvArA likhita sAhitya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa de se haiN| jaina cintakoM kA yaha sAhityika yogadAna prabhUta mAtrA meM hai| 2010_04