Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ saMskRta kI zataka-paramparA .. padya-saMkhyA-sUcaka racanAmoM kI paramparA saMskRta meM bahuta prAcIna tathA samRddha hai| prAkRta, apabhraza tathA katipaya vartamAna prAdezika bhASAoM kI bhA~ti saMskRta meM aSTaka, dazaka, paJcavizaMti, dvAtrizikA, paJcAzikA, sapRti, zataka, sapRzatI, sahasra athavA sAhasrI saMjJaka kRtiyoM kA vipula tathA vaividhyapUrNa sAhitya vidyamAna hai| inameM se kucha vidhAnoM ne to janamAnasa ko itanA mohita kiyA ki samaya-samaya para vibhinna kaviyoM ne vaisI aneka racanAe likhIM haiN| hindI meM prAyaH ina samasta sAhityAMgoM ne vyApaka khyAti ajita kI hai / saMskRta meM aSTakoM tathA zatakoM kA pracura nirmANa huA hai| prAcIna-parvAcIna pratibhAzAlI prakhyAta kaviyoM ne apanI kRtiyoM se sAhitya ke isa pakSa ko puSTa tathA gauravAnvita kiyaa| stotra, carita varNana, nIti itihAsa, chanda, koza, Ayurveda, sadAcAra, zRGgAra, vairAgya Adi jIvanopayogI sabhI viSayoM tathA pakSoM para saikar3oM zatakoM kI racanA haI hai| chaThI zatAbdI IsvIM se prArambha hokara zataka-racanA kI paramparA, kisI na kisI rUpa meM, Aja taka ajasra pracalita hai| katipaya vaidika sUktoM meM bhI mantra-sakhyA zata athavA zatAdhika hai| kintu isa sAhityAGga ke vikAsa meM usakA vizeSa yoga pratIta nahIM hotA, yadyapi vaidika mantroM kI bhAMti adhikAMza prAcIna zatakoM ke padya bhI pUrNataH prasaGga mukta evaM svataH sampUrNa hai| kucha Adhunika zataka avazya hI sambandha-sUtra se spUta, haiM bhale hI vaha sUkSma athavA adRzya ho / somezvara-racita rAmazataka (13 vIM zatAbdI) meM yaha kathA-tAratamya adhika mAMsala hai| isa prakAra, saMskRta-zatakoM meM prasaGga-svAtantrya se prabandha rUpatA kI ora unmukha hone kI pravRtti spaSTa parilakSita hotI hai| saMskRta tathA hindI zataka-sAhitya ke sambandha meM zrI jA0 vizvamitra kA kathana hai ki "bhAratIya sAhitya kI paramparAmoM ke mUlasrota saMskRta-sAhitya meM zatakoM kI saMkhyA eka zata se adhika nahIM hai| anya prAntIya bhASAoM meM bhI isa sAhityAMga kA samRddha rUpa (saMkhyA aura sAhityika mahattva kI dRSTi se) prApta nahIM hai| hindI-sAhitya meM zatakoM kI saMkhyA U~galiyoM para ginI jA sakatI hai|" 1 / parantu vAstavikatA isase sarvathA bhinna hai| hindI ke 220 zatakoM kI sUcI sammelana patrikA, bhAga 52, saMkhyA 1-2 meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| saMskRta-zatakoM kI saMkhyA bhI sau taka sImita nahIM / gata do varSoM ko khoja se mujhe 106 zatakoM kI jAnakArI prApta huI hai, jinameM adhikatara prakAzita haiM / isake atirikta jaina kaviyoM ke 53 saMskRta zatakoM kA vivaraNa zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne apane eka sadyaH prakAzita lekha meM diyA hai / bauddha zataka alaga haiM / adhika khoja se vibhinna sampradAyoM ke vidvAnoM dvArA racita saMskRta zatakoM kI saMkhyA tIna sau ke karIba 1. draSTavya-sammelana-patrikA, bhAga 46, saMkhyA 4 meM prakAzita lekha telagu bhASA meM zataka-kAvya kI paramparA /
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ satyavrata 'tRSita' [ 306 pahu~cegI / prApta 106 zatakoM kA vivecana yahA~ prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / inameM kucha to prAdezika bhASAtroM ke zatakoM ke saMskRta anuvAda haiM kucha mAtra saMkalana hai, parantu adhikAMza kRtiyA~ maulika haiN| viSaya - vaividhya, saMkhyA tathA sAhityika garimA kI dRSTi se saMskRta-sAhitya kA yaha aMga nitAnta rocaka tathA mahattvapUrNa hai / prAcInatama upalabdha zataka saMjJaka racanAe bhartRhari ( 570 - 651 ) ke 31-3) nIti, zRGgAra tathA vairAgya zataka haiN| nItizataka meM una udAtta sadguNoM kA citraNa huA hai jinakA anuzIlana mAnava-jIvana ko upayogI tathA sArthaka banAtA hai / bhartRhari kI nIti paraka sUktiyA~ lokavyavahAra meM paga-paga para mAnava kA mArgadarzana karatI hai / yahAM zataka praNetA, vastutaH lokakavi ke rUpa meM prakaTa huA hai jo apanI tattvabhedI dRSTi se mAnava prakRti kA paryavekSaNa tathA vizleSaNa kara usakI bhAvanAoMoM ko vANI pradAna karatA hai / zRGgAra zataka kAma tathA kAminI ke dunivAra AkarSaNa 2 tathA Asakti kI sArahInatA kA raMgIlA citra prastuta karatA hai | prakarSaNa tathA vikarSaNa ke do dhruvoM ke bIca bhaTakane vAle asahAya mAnava kI dayanIya vivazatA kA yahA~ rocaka varNana huA hai / vairAgya zataka meM saMsAra kI bhaMguratA, dhanikoM kI hRdayahInatA tathA pravrajyA kI zAnti tathA Ananda kA akana hai / * pro0 kosambI ke matAnusAra nIti, zRGgAra tathA vairAgya sambandhI bhartRhari viracita pramANika padya mUlataH zatakAkAra vidyamAna nahIM the / unheM isa rUpa meM prastuta karanA kavi ko abhISTa bhI nahIM thA 4 | DaoN0 viSTaraniTaja zRGgAra zataka ko to bhartRhari kI prAmANika tathA susambaddha racanA mAnate haiM unake vicAra se isameM vaiyaktikatA ke svara granya do zatakoM kI apekSA adhika mukhara haiN| nIti tathA vairAgya zataka, lipikoM ke pramAda ke kAraNa, subhASita saMgraha bana gaye haiM, jinameM bhartRhari ke prAmANika mUla padyoM kI saMkhyA bahuta kama hai 5 / nissandeha vibhinna saMskaraNoM meM tathA eka saMskaraNa kI vibhinna pratiyoM meM ina zatakoM kI padya saMkhyA anukrama tathA pATha meM paryApta vaibhinya / para inake rUpa ke astitva ko cunautI dene kI kalpamA sAhasapUrNa pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki paravartI samagra zataka - sAhitya kI preraNA kA mUlasrota ye zataka hI haiM / inakA prAkAra tathA parimANa kucha bhI rahA ho, zatakatrayI ko deza-videza meM anupama lokapriyatA prApta huI hai / agaNita pANDulipiyA~, saMskaraNa, TIkAeM tathA anuvAda isa khyAti ke jvalanta pramANa haiM / iNDiyA grAphisa tathA briTiza saMgrahAlaya ke sUcI patroM se bhartRhari ke zatako ke zatAdhika mudrita saMskaraNoM, rUpAntaroM tathA anuvAdoM ke astitva kI sUcanA milatI hai / yUropa kA bhartRhari se sarvaprathama paricaya nIti tathA vairAgya zatakoM ke Daca anuvAda ke mAdhyama se san 1651 meM huA, jo abrAhama rojara ne pAlaghATa ke brAhmaNa padmanAbha kI sahAyatA se kiyA thA / isa 2. tAvadeva kRtinAmapi sphuratyeSa nirmala viveka dIpakaH / yAvadeva na kuraGgacakSuSAM tADyate caTula locanAJcalaiH !! zRGgAra 3. sukhaM zAntaH zete muniratanubhUtinRpa iva / vairAgya 4. zatakatrayAdi- subhASita-saMgraha kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 62 5. History of Indian Literature, Vol. III, Part I, P. 156
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 310 ] saMskRta kI zataka - paramparA anuvAda ke AdhAra para thAmasa ne donoM zatakoM kA phreMca rUpAntara prastuta kiyA (emsama, 1670 ) / bhartRhari ke samastaM padyoM kA prAcInatama mudrita saMskaraNa viliyama kairI kA hai, jo hitopadeza ke saMga se rAmapura se 1803-4 I0 meM prakAzita huA thA isakI eka prati iNDiyA praoNphisa meM surakSita hai| isake pazcAt bhArata tathA videzoM meM zatakatraya ke aneka saMskaraNa tathA dezI-videzI bhASAtroM meM aneka anuvAda prakAzita hue| baoNna vholena ne balina se isakA sampAdana (1833 I0) tathA jarmana meM avikala padyAnuvAda kiyA (1835 I0) / harilAla dvArA sampAdita zatakatraya divAkara presa banArasa se 1860 meM prakAzita hue / bhartRhari kA yaha prAcInatama bhAratIya saMskaraNa hai ghalavara- mahArAja ke saMgraha meM surakSita pANDulipi isI kI vikRta prati hai / hindI meM bhartRhari kA sarvAdhika lokapriya anuvAda rANA pratApasiMha kRta padyAnuvAda hai (18 vIM zatAbdI) zRGgArazataka kA gadyAnuvAda hindI meM saba se prAcIna hai (1627) / & bhartRhari ke zatakoM ke Adhunika samIkSAtmaka saskaraNoM kA prArambha kAntAnAtha tailaMga ke saMskaraNa se huA, jo san 1863 meM bambaI se prakAzita huA thA / aba bhI ina zatakoM ke sAmUhika athavA svatantra prakAzana aura anuvAda hote rahate haiM / parantu sarvottama tathA stutya kArya pro0 kosambI ne kiyaa| unhoMne 377 hastalikhita pratiyoM tathA upalabdha saMskaraNoM ke paryAlocana ke AdhAra para bhartRhari ke samasta upalabdha padyoM kA parama vaijJAnika saMskaraNa vistRta bhUmikA sahita prakAzita kiyA hai ( bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, 1947) zatakatraya para vibhinna samaya meM aneka TIkAeM likhI gii| jaina vidvAn dhanasAra kI TIkA prAcInatama hai (1478 I0) / ina zatakoM kI sabase prAcIna prApya prati bhI eka jaina vidvAn, pratiSThA somagariNa, dvArA kI gayI thI ( 1440 I0 ) (4) mayUra kA sUryazataka (sAtavIM zatAbdI) stoSa-sAhitya kI pragraNI kRti hai| isameM kramazaH sUrya kI kiraNoM, usake azvoM, sArathi, ratha tathA bimba kI atyanta praur3ha tathA alaMkRta zailI meM stuti kI gaI hai / zataka kA pratyeka padya prAzI: rUpa hai / kalyANa, dhana prApti athavA zatru evaM prapattiyoM ke vinAza kI kAmanA zataka meM sarvatra kI gaI hai| antima padya (101 ) meM sUryazataka kI racanA kA mukhya prayojana 'lokamaMgala' batalAyA gayA hai (zlokA lokasya bhutyai zatamiti racitAH zrI mayUreNa bhaktyA ) / saMgradharA vRttoM meM racita zatakoM kI paramparA kA pravartana sUryazataka se hI huA hai / sUryazataka ke sAta saMskaraNa jJAta haiM, tathA bhinna-bhinna samaya meM isa para 22 TIkAeM likhI gyii| sUrya zatakaM kA sarvaprathama anuvAda DA0 kArlo varnaMhImara ne itAlavI bhASA meM kiyA jo 'sUrya zataka Di mayUre ' nAma se 1605 meM prakAzita huaa| kvenabAsa ne The Sanskrit Poems of Mayura meM sUrya zataka, mayUrASTaka tathA bANakRta caNDIzataka kA sampAdana tathA aMgrejI meM anuvAda kiyA (1917) / isake pazcAt sUryazataka ramAkAnta tripAThI ke hindI anuvAda sahita, 1964 meM caukhambA bhavana, vArANasI prakAzita huA / 6. R. P. Dewhurst ne ise uttara pradeza itihAsa samiti kI zodha patrikA kI prathama jilda / 1917 ) meM prakAzita kiyA thaa| Q
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ satyavrata 'tRSita' [ 311 zrI ramAkAnta tripAThI ne svasampAdita sUryazataka kI bhUmikA meM cAra anya sUryazatakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / (5) gopAla zarman kRta sUryazataka kalakattA se 1871 I0 meM prakAzita huA thA / aoNphekTa ke kaiTAlogasa kaiTAlogoriyama meM isakA ullekha huA hai| (6) zrIzvara vidyAlaGkAra ke sUryazataka kI eka pANDulipi rAjendralAla mitra ko prApta huI thii| sambhavataH yaha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| (7) tIsarA sUryazataka rAghavendra sarasvatI nAmaka kisI kavi kI racanA hai| pITarasana ko isakI eka hastalikhita prati bhI milI thI / eka hastalikhita prati mahArAja-alavara kI pustakAlaya meM vidyamAna hai| (8) eka anya sUryazataka liGga kavi kI kRti hai / viliyama Telara ko isakI eka pANDulipi upalabdha huI, jisameM mUla pATha ke sAtha TIkA bhI hai| mayUra ke jAmAtA bANa kA (8) caNDIzataka eka anya prAcIna prasiddha stotra kAvya hai / bAga ne apane zvasura dvArA pravartita sragdharA-paramparA ko caNDIzataka meM pallavita kiyaa| isake 102 sragdharA padyoM meM bhagavatI caNDI kI, vizeSata: unake caraNa kI, jisase unhoMne mahiSAsura kA vadha kiyA thA, prazasta stuti huI zitaka kI bhAMti isakA bhI pratyeka padya prAzI rUpa hai / gadya samrATa bAga kI duruha tathA kRtrima zailI caNDIzataka meM pUrNa vaibhava ke sAtha prakaTa huI hai / bANa kI yaha kAvyakRti unake gadya ke samAna durbodha tathA durbhedya hai| caNDIzataka kAvya mAlA ke caturtha gucchaka meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| kvekenabAsa ne isakA aMgrejI meM anuvAda kiyA hai| ne (10) amaruzataka (AThavIM zatI kA pUrvArdha) amaru-racita zRGgArika muktakoM kA saMgraha hai jinakI saMkhyA tathA krama meM, vibhinna saMskaraNoM meM, paryApta bheda hai| sAmAnyataH prAcInatama TIkAkAra arjuna varmadeva (teharavIM zatAbdI) kA pATha zuddha tathA prama Nika mAnA jAtA hai / gItikAvya ke kSetra meM kAlidAsa ke uparAnta kadAcit amaru hI eka mAtra aise kavi haiM, jinheM kAvya zAstriyoM se bharapUra prazaMsA milI hai / prAcArya prAnandavardhana ne amaru ke pratyeka muktaka ko, rasa-prAcurya tathA bhAva gAmbhIrya kI dRSTi se, prabandha kAvya ke samakakSa mAnA hai (muktakeSu prabandheSviva rasabandhAbhinivezinaH kavayo dRzyante / yathA hyamarukasya kavemuktakAH zRGgAra ramasyandinaH prabandhAyamAnAH prasiddhA evaM) sacamuca amaru ne muktaka kI gAgara meM rasa kA sAgara bhara diyA hai| amaruzataka meM madiramAnasa premI yugaloM ke kopa-manuhAra, mAna-manA vana, IrSyA-praNaya tathA zRGgAra kI anya mAdaka bhaMgimAnoM kA bhAva bhInA tathA cAru citraNa huyA hai| bhata hari ke zatakoM kI bhA~ti amaruzataka bhI rasika samAja meM bahuta vikhyAta huA / isa zataka para vibhinna vidvAnoM ne cAlIsa TIkAe' likhIM tathA deza-videza meM isake aneka sampAdana aura anuvAda hue / san 1808 meM 'eDiTiyo prinsepsa' meM devanAgarI lipi meM prathama bAra kalakattA se pramahazataka kA 'kAmadA' ke sAtha prakAzana hmaa| 1871 I0 meM bhASA saJjIvanI presa, madrAsa se isakA eka dAkSiNAtya saMskaraNa prakAzita hayA / isameM vemabhUpAla kI TIkA thI / san 1886 meM nirNaya sAgara presa ne 'rasika saJjIvanI' ke sAtha isa grantha kA pazcimI saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA / jIvAnanda vidyAsAgara dvArA sampAdita paurastya pATha kAvyasaMgraha' ke dvitIya bhAga meM mudrina hagrA / ricarDa sAimana ne taba taka upalabdha samasta sAmagrI tathA pANDulipiyoM kA manthana kara kIla (jarmanI) se amaruzataka kA 1863 I0 meM atIva samIkSAtmaka saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyaa| suzIla kumAra De ne 'avara heriTeja' ke prathama-dvitIya bhAga meM rudradeva kumAra kI TIkA tathA amaruzataka ke mUla
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 312 ] saMskRta kI zataka-paramparA pATha kA prakAzana kiyA 7 / zrI kamalezadatta tripAThI ne san 1961 meM mitra prakAzana gaurava grantha mAlA ke antargata lalita hindI bhAvAnuvAda ke sAtha zatakA sundara saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA / TIkAkAra ravicandra ne amaru kI bhAvanAoM ke sAtha khilavAr3a karate hue usakI kRti kI zAntarasaparaka vyAkhyA karane kI duzceSTA kI hai| isa sandarbha meM ma0ma0 durgA prasAda kA kathana hai "sa ca zucirasasyandiSva-maruzlokeSu parizIlyamAneSu 'rahasi prauDhavadhUnAM ratisamaye vedapATha iva sahRdayAnAM ziraHzUlameva jnyti"| kazmIrI kavi bhallaTa (AThavIM zatI) kA (11) zataka zikSAprada nItiparaka muktakoM kA saMgaha hai| kavitA vividha viSayoM kA sparza karatI hai, kintu anyoktiyoM kA vAhulya hai| bhallaTa kI kRti lAlitya tathA prasAda se paripUrita hai / aisI AkarSaka tathA bhAvapUrNa anyoktiyAM sAhitya meM kama milatI haiM / cintAmariNa ! kisI cakravartI samrATa ne tumheM apane mukuTa meM dhAraNa kara gauravAnvita nahIM kiyA hai, isa kAraNa tU viSAda mata kara / jagata meM koI zIza itanA puNyazAlI kahAM ki tumhAre parasa kA saubhAgya pA ske| cintAmaNe bhuvi na kenacidIzvareNa mUrnA dhRto'hamiti mA sma sakhe viSIdaH / nAstyeva hi tvadadhirohaNapuNyavIjasaubhAgyayogyamiha kasyaciduttamAGgam // pAMca anya kazmIrI kaviyoM ne apanI ruci tathA mAnyatA ke anusAra zatako kA nirmANa kiyA hai| stotra kAvyoM kI zRGkhalA meM dhvanikAra prAcArya Anandavardhana ke (12) devIzanaka kA nijI sthAna hai| devI zataka ke sau padyoM meM bhagavatI durgA kI stuti huI hai| devIzataka kavi kI kizora kRti pratIta hotI hai| sambhavataH isIliye isameM na bhakti kI USmA hai, na bhAvoM kI udAttatA, na kalpanAoM kI kamanIyatA / devIzataka kI mahattA kAvya-guNoM ke nimitta nahIM, kavi ke vyaktitva ke kAraNa hai| kazmIra nareza zakara varmA (883-602 I.) ke sabhAkavi vallAla kA (13) zataka, bhallaTa zataka kI bhAMti anyokti pradhAna hai| (14) cArucaryAzataka kazmIra ke prakhyAta bahumukhI pratibhA sampanna kavi kSemendra (11 vIM zatI) kI racanA hai| zataka meM jIvanopayogI sadvyavahAra tathA lokajJAna kA sanniveza hai| pratyeka upadeza ko tatsambandhI paurANika aitihAsika AkhyAna kA dRSTAnta dekara puSTa kiyA hai| upakAra karate samaya pratyupakAra kI kAmanA karanA azobhanIya hai / karNa kA dAna 'zakti' prApti kI yAcanA se dUSita ho gayA thaa| tyAge sattvanidhiH kuryAnna pratyupakRtispRhAm / karNaH kuNDaladAne'bhUta kaluSaH zaktiyAJcayA / / 7. dekhiye zrI kamalezadatta tripAThI dvArA sampAdita 'amaruzataka' kI bhUmikA /
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ satyavrata tRSita' [ 313 cArucaryAzataka kAvyamAlA ke dvitIya gucchaka tathA 'kSemendralaghukAvyasaMgaH' meM mudrita huA hai| zilhana ke (15) zAntizataka kI vizuddha dhArmika racanA bhartRhari ke vairAgyazataka ke anukaraNa para huI hai / zAntizataka vizuddha dhArmika racanA hai, jisameM jIvana kI nissAratA tathA vairAgya evaM viraktoM kI caryA kA gauravagAna kiyA gayA hai| zataka ke padyoM meM bhartRhari kI pratidhvani spaSTa sunAI par3atI hai| zilhaNa kA samaya ajJAta hai| pizela ne zilhaNa ko vikramAGka devacarita ke praNetA vilharaNa se abhinna mAnakara usakI sthiti 11 vIM zatI meM nirdhArita kI hai| zambhukRta (16) anyoktimuktAlatAzataka meM 108 nItiparaka alaMkRta anyoktiyAM saMgRhIta haiN| kavitA meM vizeSa AkarSaNa nahIM hai| zambhu kazmIra ke prasiddha zAsaka harSa (1086-1101 I0) ke sabhAkavi the| unakA 'rAjendra karNapUra' AzrayadAtA kI prazasti hai| (17) citrazataka mayUra-racita sUryazataka kI paramparA kA stotrakAvya hai| isameM vibhinna devIdevatAoM kI vividha chandoM meM stuti kI gaI hai| kAvya kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki pratyeka padya meM 'citra' zabda avazya pAyA hai| zlokoM kI kula saMkhyA sau hai / sambhavataH isI kAraNa kavi ne isa gantha kA nAma citra zataka rakhA hai / gantha ko racanA kA uddezya antima padya meM isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai bAlAnAmapi bhUSaNaM parigaladavarNaM yathA jAyate prAjJAnAM manasa: pramodavidhaye citraM vihAsAspadam tadvatkAvyamidaM bhavedaya budhaH protsAhanA nityazaH kartavyA caturoktiH zikSaNa puraskAreNa nirmatsaraiH / / mahArASTrIya jJAnakoza ke sampAdaka zrIdhara vyaMkaTeza ketakara ne citrazataka ke praNetA rAmakRSNa kadamba kI sthiti terahavoM zatAbdI meM nizcita kI hai| nAgarAjakavi kA (18) bhAvazataka kAvyamAlA ke caturtha gucchaka meM prakAzita huaA hai| kAvyamAlA ke ukta bhAga ke sampAdaka ke anusAra nAgarAja dhArAnagarI kA nRpati thA / usake Azrita kisI kavi ne isa zataka kI racanA usake nAma se kii| nAgarAja isakA vAstavika kartA nahIM hai [nAga rAjanAmA dhArA nagarAdhipaH kazcit mahIpatirAsAMt, tannAmnA tadAzritena kenacit kavinA (bhAvena !) zatakametanimitAmiti] zataka ke antima padya meM nAgarAja ke zaurya kA jisa prakAra varNana kiyA gayA hai, usase bhI usakA zAsaka honA pramANita hotA hai / bhAvazataka ke pratyeka padya meM eka viziSTa bhAva nihita hai, jisakA spaSTIkaraNa padya ke pazcAt gadya meM prAyaH kara diyA gayA hai| kahIM kahIM pAThaka ke anumAna athavA kalpanA para chor3a diyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha 8. draSTavya--Studies in Sanskrit and Hindi, July, 1967 (University of Rajasthan) . meM prakAzita zrI ramezacandra purohita kA lekha 'rAmakRSNa kadamba'-navyayuga ke eka ajJAta kavi tathA unakI aprakAzita racanAe / pRSTha 72-82 / 6. so'yaM durjayado jaMgajanitaprauDhapratApAnala jvAlAjAlakhilIkRtArinagaraH zrInAgarAjo jayate / 102
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 314 ] saMskRta kI zataka-paramparA SaNmukhasevyasya vibhoH sarvAGga 'laMkRtitvamApannAH / pannAgapatayaH sarve vIkSante gaNapati bhItAH / / skandavAhanamayUradarzanamItAH zuNDAdaNDapravezAya / nAgarAja ke nAma se eka anya racanA (16) "zRGgArazataka' bhI pracalita hai|' nAgarAja kA samaya ajJAta hai| kAvyamAlA ke paJcama gucchaka meM paJcazatI ke antargata pAMca srotakAvya-(20-24) kaTAkSazataka, mandasmitazataka, pAdAravindazataka, prAyazataka tathA stutizataka- prakAzita hue| kaTAkSa, mandasmita tathA AryAzataka meM sau-sau padya haiM, zeSa do meM 101 / inakA racayitA mUkakavi hai, jo nAma kI apekSA upAdhi pratIta hotI hai| prathama tIna zatakoM meM kAJcI kI adhiSThAtrI devI kAmAkhyA ke kaTAkSa, smita tathA caraNakamaloM kI stuti kI gaI hai / anya do meM devI kI sAmAnya stuti hai / mUka kavi kA sthitikAla ajJAta hai / jIvAnanda ne ina zatakoM ko kalakattA se prakAzita karanA prArambha kiyA thA, kintu pAMcavAM zataka upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa, saMkhyApUrti ke nimitta, unheM isa zreNI meM (25) mAhiSazataka prakAzita karanA pdd'aa| vibhinna hastalikhita pratiyoM meM zatakoM kA krama bhinna-bhinna hai|| mukakavi kI racanA sAdhAraNa koTi kI hai| kahIM-kahIM anuprAsa kA vilAsa avazya avalokanIya hai| kucha padya uddhRta kiye jAte haiN| AryAzataka : madhuradhanuSA mahIdharajanuSA nandAmi surabhi bANajuSA / civapUSA kAJcipure kelijuSA bandhUjIvakAntimUSA / / 7 / / praNatajanatApavargA kRtaraNasargA sasiMhasaMsargA / kAmAkSi muditabhargA haripuvargA tvameva sA durgA / / 7 / / stutizataka : kavIndrahRdaye carI parigRhItakAJcIpurI nirUTakaruNAjharI nikhillokrkssaakrii| manaH pathadavIyasI madanazAsanapreyasI mahAguraNagarIyasI mama dRzo'stu nedIyasI / / 4 / / anyoktiparaka kAvyoM kI paramparA meM bhaTTa vIrezvara kA (26) anyoktizataka rocaka kRti hai| bhramara, candana, bheka, pika Adi paramparAmukta pratIkoM ko lekara bhI kavi ne sundara anyoktiyoM kI racanA kI hai| bhramara ko yadi campaka-kali se anurAga nahIM, to kyA hAni ! ve mRganayanI bAlAeM kuzala raheM jo keligRha kI dehalI para baiThakara use apanA karNAbhUSaNa banAtI haiN| 10. Winternitz : History of Indian Literature, Vol. III, partI, Foot Note l,P 163.
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ satyavrata 'tRSita' [ 315 tvaM ceccampakakorake na kuruSe pramANametAvatA kA hAnirnahi tasya kRtyamapi re kiJcitpunIyate / tenaivAsya tu vaibhavaM madhupa he yada bhUSayanti sphuTa kelImandira dehalIparisare karNeSu vAmabhra vaH / / kavi vIrezvara draviDanareza maudgalya hari kA putra thaa|11 usakA samaya ajJAta hai| vIrezvara kA zataka kAvyamAlA 5 meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| (27) rAmazataka rAmAyaNIya itivRtta para AdhArita prAcInatama parijJAta prabandhAtmaka zataka hai| mayUra ne jisa sragdharAtmaka zataka-paramparA kA prArambha kiyA thA, rAmazataka meM usakA saphala nirvAha hamA hai| isake sau chandoM meM bhagavAna rAma kI abhirAma stuti hai| 101 vAM padya bhI haiM, para vaha srota kA bhAga nahIM / isa upajAti meM kavi somezvara ne Atmaparicaya diyA hai vizvambharAmaNDalamaNDanasya zrIrAma bhadrasya yazaH prazastim / cakAra somezvaradevanAmA yAmArdhaniSpannamahAprabandhaH / / rAmazataka meM rAmajanma se lekara ayodhyA-pAgamana tathA rAjyAbhiSeka taka kI samUcI kathA saMkSepataH nibaddha hai / stuti rAmakathA ke anusAra Age bar3hatI hai| sragdharA jaise dIrgha tathA jaTila chanda kA prayoga hone para bhI rAmazataka kI kavitA mAdhurya tathA prasAda se sampanna hai / stotra-sulabha sahRdayatA tathA bhakti-vihvalatA se rAmazataka AdyopAnta aotaprota hai| kavi sUryazataka Adi zatazlokI stotroM se prabhAvita avazya hai, kintu usakI kavitA durUhatA tathA kRtrimatA se sarvathA mukta hai / rAmazataka somezvara kI nATyakRti 'ullAsarAghava' ke pariziSTa rUpa meM, gAyakavAr3a proriyeNTala sIrIja, bar3audA se prakAzita huA hai| somezvara gujarAta ke zAsaka vastupAla (terahavIM zatAbdI) kA Azrita kavi thaa| (28) romAvalIzataka lakSmaNa bhaTTa ke putra kavi rAmacandra kI racanA hai| rAmacandra ne 1524 I0 meM rasika raJjana nAmaka eka anya kAvya kA nirmANa ayodhyA meM kiyA thaa| isa para unhoMne zRGgAra tathA vairAgya paraka eka TIkA bhI likhI thii| 12 (26) prAryAzataka ko, isake sampAdaka zrI ena0 e0 gore ne zaivadarzana ke prakANDa prAcArya appayadIkSita (1558-1630 I0 athavA 1520-1562 I.) kI racanA mAnA hai, yadyapi unakI upalabdha grantha sUcI meM isakA ullekha nahIM hai / zataka kI so pAryAoM meM prAryApati bhagavAn zaGkara kI kamanIya stuti kI gayI hai| isIliye isakA nAma AryAzataka rakhA gayA hai| kAdhya kA prAraMbha bhagavad vandanA se hotA hai dayayA yadIyayA vAG navarasarucirA sudhAdhikodeti / zaraNAgata cintitadaM taM zivacintAmariMga vande / / 11. yo'bhUdrAviDacakravatimukuTAlaMkArabhUtasya re maudgalyasya hareH sutaH kSititale vIrezvaraH satkaviH / / 105 / / 12. zabdakalpadra ma, caturtha bhAga, pRSTha 152.
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 316 ] saMskRta kI zataka-paramparA zataka meM kavi ne bhagavAn zaGkara se apanI zaraNa meM lene, dAridra ya-nivAraNa, janma-maraNa ke cakra se mukta tathA bhakti bhAvanA sphUrita karane kI prArthanA kI hai| kAvya ko sAmAnyata: do khaNDoM meM vibhakta / kiyA jA sakatA hai| pUrvArdha meM pArAdhyadeva kI kRpA-pAtratA prApta karane kI prAtmanivedana-pUrNa vihvalatA kA pratipAdana hai| kavi ardha nArIzvara se apane ardha bhakta ko, usake samasta doSa bhulA kara, audArya pUrvaka svIkAra karane kI yAcanA karatA hai| vapurardha vAmArdhaM zirasi zazI so'pi bhUSaNaM te'rdham / mAmapi tavArdha bhaktaM ziva ziva dehe na dhArayasi / / aparAdha meM kavi ne apane mana tathA jJAnendriyoM ko ziva-ArAdhanA meM tatpara hone ko prerita kiyA hai| cetaH zRNu madavacanaM mA kuru racanaM manorathAnAM tvam / zaraNaM prayAhi zarva sarva sakRdeva so'rpayitA / / pravAhamayI zailI tathA racanA-cAturya ke kAraNa AryAzataka stotra-sAhitya kI anUThI kRti hai| camatkAra parNa bhAvoM ko lalita tathA madhara bhASA meM vyakta karane kI kavi meM adbhuta kSamatA hai| madhura hAsya kI antardhArA kAvya meM rocakatA kA saJcAra karatI hai| zrI gore ne DaoN0 rAghavana kI saMskRta TIkA tathA apane aMgrejI anuvAda sahita isakA pUnA se sampAdana kiyA hai| kAvyamAlA ke dvitIya gucchaka ke sampAdaka ne eka pAda-TippaNI meM appayadIkSita ke (30) upadezazataka kA ullekha kiyA hai| sambhavataH yaha unake vaMzaja nIla kaNTha dIkSita kI kRti hai / zaMkararAma zAstrI-sampAdita 'mAinara varksa oNva nIla kaNTha dIkSita' (madrAsa, 1942) meM nIla kaNTha dIkSita (17 vIM zatI) ke (31-33) tIna zataka prakAzita hue haiM / samAraJjana zataka meM vidvanmaNDalI ke manoraJjanArtha vidvattA, dAna, zaurya, sahiSNutA, dAmpatya praNaya Adi mAnavIya sadguNoM kA 105 anuSTupa chandoM meM citraNa huA hai| dIkSita jI kI zailI atIva sarala tathA pravAhapUrNa hai| zataka kI katipaya sUktiyAM bahuta mArmika haiN| udyantu zatamAdityA udyantu zatamindavaH / na vinA viduSAM vAkyanazyatyAbhyantaraM tamaH / / zataka kI puSpikA meM kavi ne vistRta Atma paricaya diyA hai / iti zrIbharadvAja kula jaladhikaustubha zrIkaNTha mata pratiSThApanAcArya caturadhikazataprabandha nirvAhaka mahAvratayAji zrImadappaya dIkSita sodarya zrImadAccA dIkSita pautreNa zrI nArAyaNa dIkSitAtmajena zrI bhUmidevI garbha sambhavena zrI nIlakaNTha dIkSitena viracitaM sabhAraJjana zatakam / vairAgya zataka virakti tathA indriyavazyatA kI mahimA kA gAna hai| prayAsa to aneka karate haiM, kintu viSaya-sekna kA parityAga virale hI kara sakate haiM / zataza: parIkSya viSayAnsadho jahati kvacitkvacid dhanyAH / kAkA iva vAntAzanamanye tAneva sebante / /
Page #10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ satyavrata 'tRSita' [ 317 anyApadeza zataka 101 anyApadezAtmaka pacoM kA saMgraha hai| madhusUdana kA (34) anyApadeza zataka kAvya mAlA ke navama gucchaka meM prakAzita huA / kAvya mAlA 4, pRSTha 186 kI pAda TippaNI meM nIla kaNThadIkSita ke (35) kaliviDambana zataka kA ullekha huA hai / uparyukta TippaNI meM ullikhita (36-38) zroSThazataka, kAzikA tilakazataka tathA jArajAta zataka ke kartA nola kaNTha nArAyaNa dIkSita ke Atmaja nIla kaNTha dIkSita se bhinna tIna alaga vyakti haiN| sabhArajjana kI puSpikA meM upalabdha dIkSita ke bhrAtmavRtta se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| mroSTha zataka kA lekhaka kavi nIlakaNTha zulka jarnAdana kA putra hai / kAzikA tilaka zataka ke racayitA ke pitA kA nAma rAmabhaTTa hai / tInoM kA racanA kAla ajJAta hai / (3) AzleSAzaka virahavyathita mAnasa kA karuNa spandana hai mAdhurI viSa bana jAtI hai / kavipriyA ko sambodhita zataka ke samUce padyoM meM kI abhivyakti huI hai / vAle mAlati ! tAvakImabhinavAmA svAdayan mAdhurI kaJcirakAlamayAdhunA balavatA daivena dUrIkRtaH / udvAyaM cirasevitAmanudinaM tAmeva tAmeva saJcintayan bhRGgaH kazcana dUyate tava kRte hA hanta rAtrindivam // AzleSA nakSatra meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa kavi priyA ko zataka meM prAzleSA kahA gayA hai / usakA vAstavika nAma 'gaGgA' pratIta hotA hai (gaGgeti prathitA karoSi satataM santApamityadbhutam ) viyoga meM pUrvAnubhUta saMyoga kI utkaNThita mana kI isI kasaka isake racayitA nArAyaNa paNDita kAlikaTa nareza mAnadeva (1655-58 ) ke prati kavi the / mAnadeva svayaM vidvAn tathA vidyA premI zAsaka thaa| nArAyaNa paNDita uttararAma carita kI bhAvArthadIpikA TIkA ke lekhaka nArAyaNa se bhinna haiM / prAzleSA zataka trivendrama se 1947 meM prakAzita huA hai / prakhyAta vaiSNavAcArya mahAprabhu caitamya ke jIvana carita se sambandhita racanAoM meM sArvabhauma (17vIM zatI) kI (40 ) zatazlokI ne baMgAla meM kAphI lokapriyatA prApta kI hai / 13 93 kusumadeva kRta (41) dRSTAnta kalikA zataka sau anuSTupoM kI nItiparaka racanA hai| isake pratyeka padya ke bhAva ko dRSTAnta dvArA puSTa kiyA gayA hai| yahI isake zIrSaka kI sArthakatA hai| uttamaH klezavikSobhaM kSamaH soDhuM nahItaraH / maNireva mahAzA raNavarSaNaM na tu mRtkaraNaH || 13. draSTavya - S. K. De : Bengats Contribution to Sanskrit Literature and Studies in Bengal Vaisnavism, 1960. P. 102.
Page #11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 318 ] saMskRta kI zataka-paramparA kusumadeva kA sthitikAla anizcita hai / sambhavataH ve satarahavIM zatAbdI meM hae, yadyapi vallabhadeva ne subhASitAvalI meM unake kucha padya uddhRta kiye haiN| yaha kAvyamAlA ke gucchaka 14 meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| gumAni kA (42) upadeza zataka kAvyamAlA ke bhAga 13 meM prakAzita huA / viSaya nAma se spaSTa hai| lekhaka kA samaya jJAta nahIM hai| kavi narahari kA (43) zRGgArazataka 115 aAtma sambodhita zRGgArika muktakoM kA saMgraha hai, jo kahIM kahIM azlIlatA kI sImA taka pahuMca jAte haiN| kavi ko apanI vidvattA tathA kavitva zakti para bahuta garva hai| priyA-varNana ke vyAja se narahari ne apanI kavitA ko kAlidAsa tathA bAga ke kAvya kA samakakSI mAnA hai| zrI kAlidAsa kavitA sukumAra mUrta bAgasya vAkyamiva me vacanaM gRhANa / zrI harSa kAvya kuTilaM tyaja mAnabandha vANI kavernarahareriva samprasIda / / anuprAsa ke prayoga meM narahari sacamuca siddha hasta haiN| savinayamanuvAra vacmi kRtvA vicAra narahari parihAraM mA kRthAH duHkha bhAram / hRdi kuru navahAraM muJca kopa prakAra kuru pulina vihAraM subhra saMbhoga sAram / / kAvya mAlA 11 meM eka anya (44) zRGgArazataka prakAzita huA, jisake praNetA gosvAmI jarnAdana bhaTTa haiM / puSpikA meM kavi ne kucha prAtma paricaya diyA hai| iti zrI gosvAmijagannivA sAtmaja gosvAmi janArdana bhadra kRtaM zRGgAra zataka sampUrNam / bhaTra janArdana ne nArI-saundarya ke kaI manorama citra aMkita kiye haiN| unakI dRSTi meM nArI kAmadeva kI gatimatI zastrazAlA hai (prAyaH paJcazarAbhidhakSiti bhujA zastrasya zAlA nijA) / kAmarAja dIkSita ke (45-47) tIna zRGgArika zataka zRGgArakalikA trizatI nAma se prakAzita hae (kAvya mAlA 14) / pratyeka zatakameM pUre sau muktaka haiN| padya-racanA prakArAdi tathA mAtrA krama se huI hai| prArambhika padyoM meM kavi ne prAtma paricaya diyA hai| usake pitA sAmarAja svayaM saphala tathA vikhyAta kavi the| hRdi bhAvayAmi satataM tAtaM zrIsAmarAjamaham / yatkRtamakSaragumpha kavayaH kaNTheSu hAramiva dadhate // 10 // zrIsAmarAja janmA tanute zrIkAmarAja kaviH / .. muktaka kAvyaM viduSAM prItyai zRGgAra kalikAkhyam // 15 //
Page #12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ [ 319 kAvyamAlA meM (48) eka khaDgazataka kA prakAzana huaa| isakA racayitA tathA racanAkAla satyavrata 'tRSita' prajJAta hai / mudgalabhaTTa kRta (49) rAmAryAzataka tathA gokulanAtha kA ( 50 ) zivazataka stotra - sAhitya kI do anya jJAta zataka nAmaka racanAeM haiN| rAmAryAzataka kA ullekha, DaoN0 kAmila bulke ne apane vidvattApUrNa zodhaprabandha 'rAmakathA - utpatti aura vikAsa' meM kiyA hai (pRSTha 218 ) / zivazataka kA nirdeza ramAkAnta - sampAdita sUryazataka kI bhUmikA ( pRSTha 32 ) meM huA hai / donoM kA racanAkAla ajJAta hai / jayapura ke sAhitya premI narezoM ne saMskRta- paNDitoM ko udAratApUrvaka prazraya diyA tathA unheM vividha prakAra se satkRta kiyA / apanI zramara kIrtilatA kI jIvanta pratIka 'kAvyamAlA' kI saikar3oM jildoM meM hajAroM prAcIna duSprApya granthoM kA prakAzita karanA unheM kAlakavalita hone se bacAyA aura isa prakAra rASTra kI amiTa sevA kii| jayapura ke katipaya rAjAzrita kaviyoM ne bhI isa sAhitya - vidyA ko samRddha banAne meM yoga diyA hai / jayapura-saMsthApaka mahArAjAdhirAja savAI jayasiMha dvitIya ( 1666 - 1743 I0) ke samakAlIna tathA prAzrita jyotiSAcArya zrI kevalarAma jyotiSarAya kA (51) abhilASazataka kadAcit isa koTi kI sarvaprathama racanA hai isakI eka hastalikhita prati rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura meM 11204 granthAMka para upalabdha hai / hastalikhita 16 patroM meM 101 padma haiM / prArambhika 35 padyoM meM bhagavAn zrI kRSNa kI bAla lIlAoM kA manorama varNana hai / zeSa padyoM meM RtuyroM, prAtaH kAla, sUryodaya, sUryAsta Adi kA vistRta varNana hai / zataka ke varNana paurANika gAthAoM para AdhArita haiM / abhilASa zataka eka mAtra jJAta kRSNa sambandhI tathA varNana pradhAna zataka hai / maGgalAcaraNa ke vyAja se sRSTi ke prArambha meM zeSazAyI bhagavAn viSNu ke svApod bodha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / prAtarnIrada nIla mugdha mahasaH svApi smarAmi sphuTaM svalpod bodhita netranIlima sRjallIlA draM vaktrAmbujam / yena nodayataH purANakRto bodhaprabhAvAntarA-nIlAlidvayazaMsi nAbhinalinasyAho sapatnIkRtam // 2 // kAvya meM kamanIya kalpanAoM kI chaTA darzanIya hai / lalita zailI tathA udAtta kalpanAoM ke maNikAMcana saMyoga se kAvya meM nUtana AbhA kA samAveza ho gayA hai / zrIkRSNa kI bAlalIlAoM kA varNana bahuta svAbhAvika tathA sajIva hai / zataka kA upasaMhAra nimnalikhita padya se hotA hai / ziva zoripadAbja pUjana pratibhAbhAvita tatpAdAmbujaH / abhilASazataM manohara kurute kevalarAma nAmakaH / / antima patra para eka padya aura milatA hai, kintu vaha prakSipta pratIta hotA hai / 14 14. dekhiye - marubhAratI, aktUbara, 1964 meM prakAzita zrI prabhAkara zarmA kA lekha 'kevalarAma jyotiSarAya tathA unakI racanA abhilASa zatakam' / pR0 24-28
Page #13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ saMskRta kI zataka - paramparA (52) mAdhavasiMhAryA zataka jayapura nareza mahArAja mAdhavasiMha ( 1750 - 68 I0 ) kI prazaMsA meM likhA gayA hai / lekhaka haiM unake sabhAkavi zyAma zundara dIkSita lavajI / isameM brahmamaNDalI ke antargata kevalarAma jyotiSarAya kA bhI guragaMgAna huA hai / sUriH / sa jayati jyotiparAyaH kevalarAmAbhivaH zrImajjayapura naga paNDitavaryaH sadAcAryaH / / 12 / / 15 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne apane 24-8-65 ke patra meM tIna ( 53 - 55 ) zatakoM kI sUcanA dI haisadbodha zataka rAjavarNanazataka ( nAhaTA jI dvArA sampAdita sabhAzRGgAra meM prakAzita ) tathA kRSNarAma bhaTTaracita 'plANDurAja zataka' / plANDurAja zataka meM plANDurAja (pyAja) ke guNoM kA rocaka varNana kiyA gayA / yaha jayapura se prakAzita ho cukA hai / kRSNarAma bhaTTa ke ( 56 - 57 ) do anya zatakoM prAryAlaGkAra zataka tathA sAra zataka kA bhI ullekha milatA | gopInAtha zAstrI dAdhIca kRta (58) rAma saubhAgya zataka meM jayapura nareza rAmasiMha (16 vIM zatI kA madhya) kA carita variNata hai / 320 ] buhArI kI upayogitA para anantalavAra ne rocaka zailI meM (56) sammArjanI zataka likhA hai / yaha maisora se prakAzita huA hai / (60) vijJAna zataka kA kartRtva ajJAta hai / vijJAna zataka kA sarvaprathama sampAdana kRSNa zAstrI bhAU zAstrI guhrale ne 1867 I0 meM nAgapura se kiyA thA / eka anya saMskaraNa, jisameM uparyukta se do padya kama haiM tathA anya padyoM ke anukrama meM paryApta vaibhinya hai, gujarAtI presa, bambaI se mudrita huA / pro0 kosambI zatakatrayAdi subhASita-saMgraha meM isakA saMzodhita pATha prakAzita kiyA hai / guhale sampAdita saMskaraNa kI puSpikA meM vijJAna zataka ko bhartRhari kI racanA mAnA gayA hai / isa kAraNa tathA vijJAna zataka evaM bhartRhari kI kRtiyoM meM bhAva tathA racanA-sAmya ke AdhAra para aba bhI ise bhartRhari racita mAna liyA jAtA hai / parantu yaha Adhunika gaDhanta pratIta hotI hai / zataka ke maMgalAcaraNa meM gaNeza kI stuti kI gayI hai : vigaladamaladAna riNa saurabhyalobhopagata madhupamAlA vyAkulA kAzadezaH / avatu jagadazeSaM zazvadugrAtmajo yo vipulaparighadantod daNDa zuNDA gaNezaH / / antima padya meM ( 103 ) ise vairAgya zataka nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai ( budhAnAM vairAgyaM sughaTayatu vairAgyazatakam ) vAstava meM anya vairAgya zatakoM kI bhAMti vijJAna zataka meM bhI prema kI chalanA, jagat kI nazvaratA tathA vairAgya kI mahimA kA varNana hai / (61-62) saMskRtasya sampUrNetihAsa : ( chajjUrAma zatakadvaya ) saMskRta-sAhitya ke itihAsa kI eka mAtra zataka saMjJaka racanA hai / 'zatakadvaya' 6 paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai, jinameM kramazaH vyAkaraNa, kAvya, sAhitya, nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya yoga, pUrvottara mImAMsA ke granthoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / yaha nirUpaNa vivecanAtmaka 15. vahI
Page #14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ saMskRta kI zataka-paramparA [ 321 na hokara gaNanAtmaka hai| kucha sAhityika vidhAnoM ke pramukha granthoM kA nAmollekha karake santoSa kara liyA gayA hai / kaviyoM kA varNanakrama bhI sadaiva nirduSTa nahIM hai / kaI paravartI kaviyoM ko pahale tathA pUrvavatiyoM ko pazcAt rakha diyA hai / lekhaka ne padyoM kI hindI meM vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai, jisameM saMskRta ke vibhinna lekhakoM kI prazaMsA meM svaracita 102 padya yathAsthAna uddhRta kiye haiM / sambhavataH vyAkhyA ke ina padyoM tathA mUla zlokoM ko milAkara hI kAvya ko zataka dvaya' kA upanAma diyA gayA hai| anyathA mUla kAvya kI padya saMkhyA se isa upazIrSaka kI saMgati nahIM baitthtii| vyAkhyA meM kucha navIna tathA ajJAta TIkAkAroM kA nAmollekha huA hai| isake racayitA ma. ma. chajjUrAma zAstrI pratibhAzAlI kavi, nATakakAra, TIkAkAra tathA darzana evaM vyAkaraNa. ke mAnya paNDita haiN| 16 rAjakIya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya mujjapharapura ke sAhitya-pradhAnAdhyApaka zrI badarInAtha zarmA kI anyokti sAhasrI meM (63-72) dasa zataka sammilita hai| zatakoM ke nAma haiM-jalAzayazataka, khecarazataka, zakuntazataka, sthAvarazataka, taruvarazataka, latAzataka, pazuzataka, yAdazzataka, kSudrajantuzataka, pratyekazataka uparokta pratIkoM para AdhArita sau anyoktiyoM kA saMkalana hai| anyokti sAhasrI kAzI se prakAzita huI hai| prasiddha nATakakAra paM0 mathurAprasAda dIkSita ne eka (73) anyoktizataka kI bhI racanA kI hai| Adhunika nATakakAroM meM paNDita mathurAprasAda agragaNya haiM / unake bhakta sudarzana, vIra pratApa, vIra pRthvIrAja, bhArata vijaya Adi nATaka bahuta saphala, rocaka tathA lokapriya haiN| gAndhI smAraka nidhi, dehalI se prakAzita (74) gAndhI sUkti muktAvali bhArata ke bhUtapUrva vitta mantrI zrI cintAmaNi dezamukha dvArA saMskRta-padya meM anUdita gAMdhI jI kI sau saktiyoM kA saMgraha kavi ne pratyeka padya kA aMgrejI meM anuvAda bhI kara diyA hai| gAndhI sUkti muktAvali kA upazIrSaka athavA nAmAntara to pratyakSata: zataka nahIM hai, kintu anuvAdaka ne bhUmikA meM spaSTataH ise zataka kI saMjJA pradAna kI hai| 'I, therefore, Complated a Sataka and thought that this form and size would not be unweloome to the public.' nAgapura se san 1958 meM prakAzita pro0 zrIdhara bhAskara varNekara kI javAhara taraGgiraNI aparanAma (75) bhArataratnazataka eka Adhunika prabandhAtmaka zataka hai / isameM bhArata ke prathama pradhAna mantrI yuga puruSa javAharalAla neharU kI gauravazAlI jIvana gAthA kA manorama varNana hugrA hai| bhArataratnazataka una racanAoM meM hai jinase sAhitya kI pratiSThA tathA yathArtha gaurava vRddhi hotI hai| saMskRta se anabhijJa pAThakoM ke upayoga ke liye kavi ne svakRta aMgrejI anuvAda bhI sAtha diyA hai| zrI varNekara pratibhAzAlI kavi haiN| bhASA para unakA pUrNa adhikAra hai| unakI kavitvazakti rocaka tathA prabhAvazAlI hai / prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa ke pAtroM ke pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se kavi ne neharUjI kI karmaThatA, svArthahInatA tathA rAjanIti-napuNya kA bhavya citra prakita kiyA hai| soDhazcirAya kharadUSaNasaMnipAta : yadvA narottamakulaMghaTitA suhRttaa| ullaMghito bahalasaMkaTa vAridhizca rAmAyaNaM sucarite pratibimbitaM te / / 16. chajjUrAma zAstrI kI kRtiyoM ke vivecana ke liye dekhiye 'vizvasaMskRtam' pharavarI, 1964 meM prakAzita merA lekha 'kecit paJcanadIyAH saMskRtakavayaH' /
Page #15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 322 ] satyavata 'tRSita' duryodhanaMprakharabhISmabalAvaguptaM duH zAsanaM nihatapaJcajana prabhAvam / nissAratAM jana janArdana saGgatena nItvA, tvayaiva racitaM navabhArataM hi / / svAthai kasaktA puruSAdhamaseviteyaM bArAGganeva nRpanItiriti svanindAm / nissvArthametya zaraNaM puruSottamaM vA dUrIcakAra sugataM hi yathAmrapAlI / / pradhAnamantrI ke priya vyAyAma 'zIrSAsana' kI isa padya meM bhAvapUrNa vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| bhUrrahati RtumayI zirasA praNAma dyauH kintu bhogabahulA caraNAbhi ghaatm| ityeva ki nijamanogata muttamaM tvaM zIrSAsanena niyataM prakaTIkaroSi // bhArataratnazataka ke pRSTha patra para zrI varNekara kI racanAmoM ke vijJApana meM tIna (76-78) zatakoM kA ullekha hai-vinAyakavaijayantI zataka, rAmakRSNa paramahaMsIya zataka, tathA zAkuntalazatazlokI / sambhavataH ye sabhI aprakAzita haiM / sAhitya akAdamI dillI ke prakAzana 'Aja kA bhAratIya sAhitya' meM sammilita 'Adhunika saMskRtasAhitya ke upayogI sarvekSaNa' meM DaoN. rAghavan ne (79-83) pAMca zatakoM kA-vemanAzataka, sumatizataka, dazarathI zataka, kRSNa zataka, bhAskara zataka-ullekha kiyA hai| ye mUla telugu zatakoM ke zrI esa. TI. jI.. varadAcAriyara dvArA kiye gaye saMskRta rUpAntara haiN| pararacita padyoM tathA sUktiyoM ke kucha saMkalana bhI zatakAkAra prakAzita hue haiM / jagadIzacandra vidyArthI ne Rgveda, yajurveda tathA sAmaveda ke sau-sau mantroM ke 17 cayana (84-86) Rgveda zataka, yajurveda zataka tathA sAmaveda zataka ke nAma se prastuta kiye haiM / Rgveda zataka dillI se 1961 I0 meM prakAzita huA, zeSa donoM 1662 meM / isI prakAra harihara jhA ne saMskRta kaviyoM kI sUktiyoM ko sUkti zataka ke (87-88) do bhAgoM meM saMkalita kiyA hai| pratyeka bhAga meM pUre sau-sau padya haiN| sUktizataka cokhambA bhavana, vArANasI se prakAzita huA hai| __ mere mitra DA. satyavrata zAstrI kI (86) zatazlokI kI 'bRhattara bhAratam' 'saMskRta pratibhA' meM prakAzita huii| isameM vRhattara bhArata kI saMskRti tathA vaibhava kA gaurava gAna hai| kavitA sarvatra lAlitya : tathA mAdhurya se samaveta hai| DaoN. satyavrata pratibhAsampanna kavi haiN| unake do anya kAvya-zrI bodhisatvacaritam tathA govindacaritam dehalI se prakAzita hue haiN| ___ kaNTakArjuna kI kaNTakAJjali aparanAma (60) navanIti zataka prAdhunika saMskRta-sAhitya kI krAntikArI kRti hai / navanIti zataka prAdhunika viSayoM para vyaMgyAtmaka zailI meM nibaddha 167 mukakta padyoM 17. zrI bodhisatvacaritam kA vivecana maiMne "vizva saMskRtam, meM prakAzita apane pUrvokta lekha meM kiyA hai /
Page #16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ saMskRta kI zataka paramparA [ 323 kA abhinava saMgraha hai. jise 'paddhati' nAmaka dasa bhAgoM, mukhabandha, aJjalibandha tathA pariziSTa meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya rAjanIti, samAja, dharma, prazAsana, vartamAna maMhagI, khAdyAnna kA abhAva, bhraSTatA, kRtrima tathA chalapUrNa jIvanacaryA Adi vividha viSayoM para kavi ne prabala prahAra kiyA hai kavitA meM apUrva rocakatA tathA nUtanatA hai / kavi ne saMskRta-kAvya kI ghisI-piTI lIka ko chor3akara abhinava zailI kI udbhAvanA kI hai / saMskRta ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye aisI racanAoM kI vizeSa AvazyakatA hai, jo samakAlIna jIvana ke nikaTa ho tathA usakI samasyAyoM kA vivecana prastuta kreN| vartamAna prazAsana meM parivyApta ghUsakhorI para, upaniSadoM ke azvattha ke pratIka se, kavi ne marmAntaka vyaMga kiyA hai / upaniSadoM meM sRSTi kI tulanA eka aise kAlpanika vRkSa se kI gayI hai| jisakI jar3eM Upara aura zAkhAe nIce haiN| yaha sRSTitaru zAzvata hai / usakA uccheda karane kI kSamatA kisI meM nahIM hai / parantu kavi kI kalpanA hai ki Adhunika vaijJAnika yuga meM mAnava ne sRSTi ke bRhat azvattha ke unmUlana ke liye aneka upakaraNoM kA AviSkAra kara liyA hai| para ghUsa ke baddha mUla azvattha kA ucchettA Aja bhI nahIM hai, na atIta meM thA aura na bhaviSya meM hogaa| Urdhva mUlamadhazca yasya vitatAH zAkhAH, suvarNacchadaH kasyotkocatarjagatyaviditaH yadyapyarUpo'guNaH / chettA kazcidudeti saMsRtitaroH chettAsya vRkSasya tu nAbhUnnAsti na vA bhaviSyati pumAn ! azvattha eSo'kSayaH / / rAmakalAsa pANDeya kA (61) bhArata zataka 'saMskRta-pratibhA' meM tathA hajArIlAla zAstrI kA (12) zivarAja vijaya zataka 'divya jyoti' (zimalA) meM prakAzita hue haiN| ye donoM aitihAsika kAvya haiN| bhAratazataka meM bhArata ke gauravazAlI atIta tathA vartamAna sthiti kA citraNa hai| zivarAjavijaya zataka meM chatrapati zivAjI kA carita varNita hai| inake atirikta nimnAMkita zatakoM kI jAnakArI jinaratna koza, Amera zAstra bhaNDAra tathA rAjasthAna grantha-bhaNDAroM kI sUciyoM se prApta huI hai| (63-64) cANakya zataka tathA nItizataka kI racanA kA zreya cANakya ko diyA jAtA hai| kintu yaha cAraNakya candragupta ke pradhAnAmAtya viSNugupta cANakya kadApi nahIM ho sktaa| prAcIna bhArata meM sAhityika racanAoM ko sambaddha viSaya ke labdhapratiSTha prAcAryoM ke nAma se pracalita karane kI balavatI pravRtti rahI hai| isI prakAra vararuci ke nAma se do (65-66) zataka upalabdha haiM-zataka tathA yogazata / zataka koSanatha hai| isakI eka apUrNa prati jaina mandira saMdhIjI, jayapura meM surakSita hai| beSTana saMkhyA698 / yogazata aAyurveda se sambandhita racanA hai| zrI malla athavA trimallaka kA (67) zloka bhI Ayurveda grantha hai| donoM kI hastalikhita pratiyAM Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura meM upalabdha haiM / yogazata kI prati khaNDita hai / prathama tathA antima pRSTha nahIM hai| yogIndradeva ke (18) dohazataka kI eka prati ThauliyoM ke mandira jayapura meM hai / vaiSTana saMkhyA 120 / ajJAta kaviyoM ke do (88-100) dRSTAnta zataka jJAta hai / eka subhASita saMgraha hai, dUsarA alaGkAra grantha / (101-106) ajJAta kaviyoM ke gorakSa zataka, AtmanindA zataka, AtmazikSA zataka, murkha zataka, gauDavaMzatilaka kRta vRddhayoga zataka tathA zivavarmana
Page #17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 324 ] satyavrata 'tRSita' kA bandha zataka kA ullekha bhI sUcI patroM meM huA hai / isa prakAra saMskRta kA zataka-sAhitya vizAla tathA vaividhyapUrNa hai| patA nahIM zataka saMjJA kA kyA / AkarSaNa thA ki prAyaH samasta kalpanIya viSayoM para zataka likhe gaye haiN| spaSTataH isa sAhityika vidhA ne janatA meM apUrva khyAti prApta kI hogii| isIlie kaviyoM ne apanI kavitA ko zataka kA prAvaraNa pahanA pahanAkara pracalita kiyA / yaha kheda kI bAta hai ki sAhitya kI yaha rocaka sAmagrI astavyasta bikharI par3I hai / upalabdha zatakoM kA susampAdita saMgraha avazya prakAzita honA cAhiye / |