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________________ saMskRti kA svarUpa : bhAratIya saMskRti aura jaina-saMskRti pro0 vijayendra snAtaka ___ saMskRti kyA hai aura usakA vAstavika svarUpa kyA hai, yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina hai / saMskRti ke vidhAyaka tattvoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hI isake svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu saMskRti-nirmAtA tattva bhI vidvAnoM aura vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM samAna nahIM haiM / 'nako muniryasya mataM na bhinnam' jaisI bAta saMskRti kI paribhASAoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| isalie saMskRti kI sarvAMgapUrNa, nirdoSa aura sarvasammata paribhASA dene kI bAta maiM nahIM kara sakatA / maiM sabase pahale eka prazna uThAnA cAhatA hUM jo saMskRti ke mUla udbhava se saMbaMdha rakhatA hai, tadanaMtara usake vidhAyaka tattvoM kI carcA kruuNgaa| kucha vicAraka aisA mAnate haiM ki saMskRti kA mUla, janmajAta vaMza-paramparA se utpanna sahajAta saMskAra meM nihita hai / unhIM janmajAta saMskAroM kA pratiphalana vyakti ke caritra meM hotA hai aura vahI vyakti kI saMskRti ko isa dharohara se nirmita karatA hai| dUsare vidvAn isa vicAra kA joradAra khaMDana karate haiN| unakI mAnyatA hai ki saMskRti zabda meM hI usake ajita karane kI prakriyA nihita hai| jo saMskAra arthAt nirantara abhyAsa dvArA vikasita kI jAe vaha saMskRti hai| isake lie zikSA, naitikatA, AcaraNa kI pavitratA, sAhitya, vijJAna Adi kA upArjita jJAna tathA samAja meM vyavahAra kI vidhi Adi kI apekSA rahatI hai| unakA kahanA hai ki pratyeka vyakti janmataH jJAnavAn, vivekI, zikSita, anubhavI yA paMDita nahIM hotaa| AbhijAtya yA kulInatA to use janma se prApta ho jAtI hai kintu saMskRti use saMsAra meM rahakara saMskAra dvArA arjita karanI hotI hai| ataH janma yA vaMza-paramparA ke sAtha saMskRti kA avicchinna saMbaMdha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| tIsarI koTi ke kucha aise bhI vicAraka haiM jo vaMza-paramparA yA janma ke madhya samanvaya karake yaha mAnate haiM ki saMskRti pratibhAjanya IzvarIya varadAna hai| yaha varadAna jAti, varNa, dharma Adi kI apekSA nahIM karatA / akU lIna, nirdhana yA dalita varga meM janma lene vAlA vyakti bhI IzvarIya dena se pratibhAzAlI aura susaMskRta hotA dekhA gayA hai, ata: ise IzvarIya dena hI mAnA jAnA cAhie / vastutaH pratibhAjanya saMskRti meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki jJAna-vijJAna, kalA aura sAhitya meM adbhuta kSamatA rakhane vAle pratibhAzAlI sabhI vyakti susaMskRta nahIM hote / katipaya vilakSaNa vidvAn aura pratibhAzAlI vyaktiyoM kA caritra itanA saMskRtivihIna aura aziSTa pAyA jAtA hai ki hama unheM kisI prakAra saMskRta vyakti nahIM kaha skte| saMskRti-pUrNatA ke lie dhana-vaibhava, aizvaryasaMpatti, pratibhA-kSamatA, vidyA-kalA, jJAna-vijJAna Adi se saMpanna honA mAtra paryApta nahIM hai| AcaraNa aura vyavahAra kI pavitratA, mAnavIya saMvedanA, sahiSNutA, paraduHkhakAtaratA, aparigraha, ahiMsA aura kSamAzIlatA Adi guNoM kI bhI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| ephaje0 brAuna ne apanI pustaka 'ejukezanala soziyAlojI' meM saMskRti ko paribhASita karate hue likhA hai ki "saMskRti mAnava ke saMpUrNa vyavahAra kA DhAMcA hai jo aMzataH bhautika pariveza se prabhAvita hotA hai| yaha pariveza prAkRtika evaM mAnava-nimita donoM prakAra kA ho sakatA hai| kintu pramukha rUpa se yaha DhAMcA sunizcita vicAradhArAoM, pravRttiyoM, mUlyoM tathA AdatoM dvArA prabhAvita hotA hai, jisakA vikAsa samaha dvArA apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie kiyA jA sakatA hai|" isI AdhAra para 'primiTiva kalcara' ke lekhaka eDavarDa TAyalara ne saMskRti ko jJAna, vizvAsa, kalA, sAhitya, rIti-rivAja kA ajita jJAna ThaharAyA hai aura kahA hai ki manuSya samAja kA sadasya hone ke nAte ina sabake sammizraNa se saMskRti ko prApta karatA hai| vAstava meM saMskRti kA vistAra itanA vyApaka hai ki use hama na to janmajAta kaha sakate haiM, na use IzvarIya dena ThaharA sakate haiM aura na vidvattA yA pratibhA ke AdhAra para usakI anivAryatA siddha kara sakate haiN| vastutaH saMskRti zabda kisI Thosa yathArtha (sat) kA vAcaka nahIM hai, balki kevala eka amurta kalpanA hai| isalie vidvAnoM ke vicAra bhI aspaSTa aura vividha haiN| eka vidvAn ke mata meM, "saMskRti ke svarUpa kI jijJAsA vAstava meM artha tathA mUlya ke svarUpa kI jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti
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________________ jijJAsA hai / saMskRti hamArI jIvanavidhA tathA vicAra- vidhA meM, pratidina ke paraspara AdAna-pradAna meM, kalA, sAhitya, dharma, vijJAna tathA manoraMjana kI viziSTa vidhAoM meM vyakta hamArI prakRti hI hai|" eka vidvAn aise bhI haiM jo jIvana-dRSTi ko hI saMskRti mAnate haiN| saMskRti ke saMbaMdha meM eka viSaya para sabhI vidvAnoM meM mataikya hai / sabhI vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki mAnavetara prANiyoM meM saMskRti nahIM hotI / saMskRti mAnava kI apanI viziSTatA hai| mAnava ke pAsa apanI saMskRti ko abhivyakta karane ke sAdhana haiN| kalA, vijJAna, darzana, sAhitya Adi isI koTi meM Ate haiM jo mAnavetara prANiyoM ke pAsa nahIM hote / saMskRti samAja ke saMrakSaNa aura mAnava vikAsa kI saraNi hai / yadi svastha aura sabhya samAja kI hama apekSA kareM to hameM saMskRti ke saMpoSaNa kA prayatna karanA hogaa| saMskRti ke isa saMpoSaNa meM saikar3oM varSa lagate haiM aura zanaiH zanaiH vividha saMskAroM aura rIti-rivAjoM se chanakara saMskRti rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| kisI lekhaka kI mAnyatA hai ki "saikar3oM varSoM meM thor3A-sA itihAsa banatA hai, saikar3oM varSoM ke itihAsa ke bAda paramparA banatI hai, yaha paraMparA hI kisI jAti yA deza kI AdhAra bhUmi banatI hai| saMskRti sudIrghakAlIna anubhava prayoga aura vividha parIkSaNoM kI pariNati hotI hai| saMskRti rASTrIya kvi hai- yaha aisI saMpadA hai jo rASTra ko prakAza detI hai, AtmavizvAsa jAgrat karatI hai| use AzAvAdI aura utkarSakAmI banAtI hai / " saMskRti-vivecana ke saMdarbha meM sabhyatA aura dharma kI carcA karanA maiM Avazyaka samajhatA hUM / ina donoM zabdoM ko prAyaH saMskRti ke samAnAMtara yA kabhI-kabhI pramAdavaza paryAya ke rUpa meM prayoga meM lAyA jAtA hai / vidvAnoM ne prAraMbha se isa bhrama ke nivAraNa kI ceSTA kI hai aura yaha spaSTa karanA cAhA hai ki sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke madhya vibhAjaka rekhA khIMcanA kaThina nahIM hai / saMskRti manuSya kI una kriyAoM, vyApAroM aura vicAroM kA nAma hai jinheM vaha sAdhya ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai| saMskRti mAnava samAja ke vikAsa kI dyotaka hai / saMskRti kA saMbaMdha ciMtana, manana tathA AcaraNa kI udAttatA se hai / AdhyAtmika stara para vikasita hone para hI manuSya saMskRti ke pariveza meM praviSTa hotA hai / sabhyatA se tAtparya manuSya ke bhautika upakaraNa, sAdhana, AviSkAra, sAmAjika tathA rAjanItika saMsthAna tathA upayogI kalAoM kA aMgIkAra hai / sabhyatA manuSya kI kriyAoM dvArA utpanna upayogI sAdhanoM tathA dainaMdina vastuoM para nirbhara karatI hai / kisI samAja yA rASTra kI AMtarika prakRti kI pahacAna usakI saMskRti se hotI hai, sabhyatA usa samAja yA rASTra ko prApta bAhya upakaraNoM se jAnI-pahacAnI jAtI hai| saMskRti kA lakSya mAnava jAti ke lie zAzvata mUlyoM kI khoja hai to sabhyatA kA dhyeya mAnava samAja ke lie bhautika sukha-suvidhA ke sAdhana juTAne se hai / jarmana vidvAn speMgalara ne sabhyatA ko saMskRti kI carama dazA kahA hai / yaha carama dazA utthAna kI nahIM, usake patana kI bhI hotI hai / arthAt bhautika upakaraNoM evaM sukha-sAdhanoM kI atizayatA hI patana kA kAraNa banatI hai| isakA pratyakSa pramANa pAzcAtya dezoM kI vaijJAnika pragati tathA usase utpanna sabhyatA hai / 1 saMskRti aura dharma kA pArasparika kyA saMbaMdha hai aura kyA dharma saMskRti kA avicchinna aMga hai ? dharma-vihIna samAja aura saMskRti - vihIna samAja kyA samAna haiM ? isa prakAra ke aura bhI aneka prazna isa saMdarbha meM uThAe jAte rahe haiM / vAstava meM dharma zabda saMkIrNa artha meM prayukta na hokara karttavya, zuddhAcaraNa, saMyama, niyama Adi ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai / taba usameM saMskRti ke aneka upAdAna samAhita rahate haiM kintu jaba dharma, majahaba ke saMkIrNa dAyare meM rUr3hivAditA aura dharmAMdhatA kA vAcaka banatA hai, taba usakA saMskRti se sIdhA sarokAra nahIM rahatA / vyakti aura samAja ke jIvana ko jo dhAraNa kara sake, vahI saccA dharma hai / samAja kI vyavasthA, niyamita cayA~ tathA vyakti vikAsa ke niyamoM kA upadeSTA hI dharma hai kaNAda muni ke zabdoM meM "yato'bhyudayanizreyasaH siddhiH sa dharma" jisase abhyudaya, isa loka kA utkarSa aura niHzreyasa, paraloka kA kalyANa hotA ho vaha dharma hai / saMskRta vyakti ke lie isI prakAra ke dharmAcaraNa kI AvazyakatA hai| ataH patha, mata, saMpradAya, majahaba Adi kI saMkIrNatAoM se Upara uThAkara jo prANimAtra ke kalyANa kA patha prazasta kare vaha dharma hI sahI dharma hai aura dharma-patha para saMskRti ke mArga se calA jA sakatA hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki dharma aura saMskRti kA / ina donoM meM anyonyAzraya saMbaMdha hone para bhI maulika aMtara hai / kucha aise nAma para daMbha aura pAkhaMDa kA prapaMca phailAkara samAja ko bhramita karate haiM, bhI nAtA-riztA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hone para bhI saMskRti zabda dharma kA paryAya nahIM hai rUr3hivAdI dhArmika vyakti samAja meM dekhe jAte haiM jo dharma ke vastutaH ve dhArmika nahIM haiM aura saMskRti se to unakA dUra kA dharma-sAdhanA meM vyakti aura samAja donoM kA yogadAna rahatA hai| kintu vyaktigata sAdhanA yA vyaktigata anubhava ke AdhAra para hama saMskRti kA svarUpa nirdhArita nahIM kara sakate / samaSTigata yA sAmAjika anubhava ko hI saMskRti kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai / sAmAjika anubhava hameM tIna rUpoM meM dikhAI detA hai / use hama tIna vidhAoM meM alaga-alaga karake bhI rakha sakate haiM / pahalA rUpa zilpa kauzala, vaijJAnika tathA takanIkI AviSkAra kA hai jo jJAna ke bhautika rUpa haiN| dUsarI vidhA ve saMsthAeM haiM jo samAja ko vyavasthita karane ke lie kisI samAja meM sthApita hotI haiM jaise sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjanItika saMsthAeM tIsarI vidhA darzana aura kalA kI hai jisameM sAhitya, saMgIta, citrakalA Adi kA samAveza hai / yaha sarjanAtmaka hone ke sAtha sUkSmatara bhI hai / aba dekhanA yaha hai ki kyA tInoM vidhAoM kA pratyeka samAja meM vikAsa honA jarUrI hai, tAki ve saMskRta aura sabhya samajhe jA sakeM ? isakA uttara spaSTa hai / aisA AcAryarana zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha 10
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________________ dekhA gayA hai ki Adima samAja meM kalAtmaka dRSTi se kabhI-kabhI adhika samRddhi pAyI jAtI hai / yAMtrika AviSkAroM se samRddha hone para bhI kucha jAtiyA~ sAMskRtika dRSTi se pichar3I hotI haiM aura unakA cAritrika stara bhI hIna koTi kA hotA hai / sabhyatA kI dRSTi se amarIkA Aja samRddha hai kintu mAnava mUlya evaM kalAtmaka saMskAra kI dRSTi se vaha saMskRti ke stara para nirdhana hI mAnA jAegA / pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne saMskRti aura sabhyatA zabdoM ke prayoga para hI nahIM, inake kSetra aura avadhAraNA para bhI vicAra vyakta kie haiN| UMcI saMskRti ke eka khAsa pahalU ko sabhyatA kahane vAle vidvAn ise saMskRti kA mAtra paryAya svIkAra nahIM karate / maikAivara ne sabhyatA ko upayogitA ke sAtha aura saMskRti ko maulika mUlyoM ke sAtha jor3akara dekhane kI bAta kahI hai| isIlie kabhIkabhI sabhyatA kA saMskRti se virodha bhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai| kucha vidvAn paramparA ko saMskRti ke sAtha rakhakara ise naitika mUlyoM tathA sabhyatA ko vyAvahArika mUlyoM kI sImA meM rakhakara inakA pArthakya vyakta karate haiM / jo loga saMskRti ko sAmAjika virAsata yA sAmAjika paraMparA meM dekhate haiM ve bhI inakA pArthakya spaSTataH rekhAMkita nahIM kara paate| isI vicAra - saraNi meM aise bhI vyakti haiM jo kuTumba 'ke AcaraNa ko saMskRti ke vikAsa meM pramukha sthAna dete haiM kiMtu sAmyavAdI ciMtana meM paraMparA ko koI sthAna nahIM hai / mArksa ne to spaSTataH paramparA ko eka bhayAvanA svapna mAnA hai aura kahA hai ki yaha nayI pIr3hI ke mastiSka para bhUta-sA chAyA rahatA hai / Adhunika yuga meM saMskRti zabda kA kucha aisA artha-vistAra huA hai ki eka ora vaha apane mUla se vicchinna ho gayA hai to dUsarI ora aise kSetra meM pahuMca gayA hai jahA~ vaha apanI sArthakatA kho baiThA hai| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki lalita kalAeM saMskRti-nirmANa meM sahAyaka hotI haiM kiMtu Ajakala jisa prakAra sAMskRtika kAryakrama zabda kA prayoga hone lagA hai vaha eka sImita kalAtmaka pradarzana hai / saMskRti kalAoM taka sImita nahIM hai / saMskRti kA vyakti aura samAja ke mAnasika tathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sAtha gaharA saMbaMdha hai / saMskRti kisI bAhya pradarzana taka cAhe vaha kalAtmaka (nRtya, saMgIta, citrakalA, mUrtikalA Adi) pradarzana hI kyoM na ho, sImita nahIM hai / saMskRti kA vyaktisaMskAra ke sAtha gaharA aura aTUTa saMbaMdha hai| vyakti ko kendra meM rakhakara usake vikAsa aura pariSkAra ke lie kie gae prayAsoM meM saMskRti kA anveSaNa eka sImA taka saMskRti kI sahI khoja hai / bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlAdhAra bhAratIya saMskRti kA vivecana aura vizleSaNa karane se pahale yaha dhyAtavya hai ki bhArata kI saMskRti eka gatizIla (DAyanemika ) saMskRti hai / vaha yuga-dharma ke sAtha apane rUpAkAra meM parivartanazIla rahI hai ataH yaha mAna lenA ki vaidika yuga kI, rAmAyaNa yA mahAbhArata yuga kI, paurANika yuga kI bauddhakAla kI yA madhyayuga kI saMskRti TheTha bhAratIya hai, bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlAdhAra ko na samajhanA hI hai / paMDita javAharalAla neharU ne dinakara praNIta 'saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya' pustaka kI bhUmikA meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke vyApaka rUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai- "bhAratIya janatA kI saMskRti kA rUpa sAmAsika (kaMpojiTa) hai aura usakA vikAsa dhIredhIre huA hai| eka ora to isa saMskRti kA mUla AryoM se pUrva mohaMjodaDoM Adi kI sabhyatA tathA dravir3oM kI mahAn sabhyatA taka pahu~catA hai, dUsarI ora isa saMskRti para AryoM kI bahuta gaharI chApa hai jo bhArata meM madhya eziyA se Ae the| pIche calakara yaha saMskRti uttara-pazcima se Ane vAle tathA phira samudra kI rAha se Ane vAle logoM se bAra-bAra prabhAvita huI / isa prakAra hamArI rASTrIya saMskRti ne dhIre-dhIre bar3hakara apanA AkAra grahaNa kiyaa| isa saMskRti meM samanvayana tathA naye upakaraNoM ko pacAkara AtmasAt karane kI adbhuta kSamatA hai / " isa lambe uddharaNa se spaSTa hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti kA itihAsa jitanA purAnA hai, utane hI upakaraNoM kA vaividhya bhI isa meM hai / isa saMskRti ko vizva ke sabhI rASTroM se bhinna evaM udAtta mAnA jAtA hai| ise sabhI vidvAnoM ne udAra saMskRti kI saMjJA dI hai| 'hindU vyU Apha lAipha' pustaka meM DA0 rAdhAkRSNana ne likhA hai ki "hindU dharma ne bAhara se Ane vAlI jAtiyoM tathA AdivAsiyoM ke devI-devatAoM ko svIkAra kara apanA devI-devatA mAna liyaa| IrAnI, hUNa, zaka, kuSANa, pArthiyana, baikTriyana, maMgola, sIthiyana turka, IsAI, yahUdI, pArasI sabhI bhAratIya saMskRti ke mahAsAgara meM vilIna ho gae-- ThIka vaise hI jaise choTI nadiyAM aura nada samudra meM Akara vilIna ho jAte haiM / " isalie bhAratIya saMskRti kA kAla nirdhAraNa karanA yA use kisI eka yuga vizeSa kI dena ThaharAnA samIcIna nahIM hai| vAMchanIya evaM abhyudayamUlaka parivartanoM ko grahaNa karanA bhAratIya manISA kI apanI vizeSatA hai| yadi aitihAsika pariprekSya meM bhAratIya saMskRti kA anuzIlana kiyA jAe to jJAta hogA ki isameM yugAnurUpa saMzodhana, parivartana, parimArjana hote rahe haiM aura usa kAla kI viziSTa dena ko yaha saMskRti sahejakara AtmasAta karatI rahI hai| isIlie ise sAmAsika saMskRti, anekatA meM ekatAmUlaka saMskRti, sAmaMjasya aura samanvaya kI saMskRti kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke vizeSaNa vizva ke kisI anya rASTra kI saMskRti ke sAtha prayukta nahIM hote / bhAratIya saMskRti ko samajhane ke lie usake aikyamUlaka siddhAMta ko samajhanA hogA / bhArata vizAla deza hai / vividha varNoM aura jAtiyoM kA deza hai| vividha bhASAoM tathA dharma-saMpradAyoM kA deza hai| vividha rIti-rivAjoM tathA vividha veSabhUSAoM kA deza hai; phira jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 11
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________________ bhI sAMskRtika pIThikA para yaha eka hai, isakI ekatA asaMdigdha hai| vinseMTa smitha ne hindustAna kA itihAsa' meM isa tathya ko udghATita karate hue likhA hai ki "nissaMdeha bhArata meM eka aisI gaharI mUlabhUta ekatA hai jo bhaugolika pArthakya athavA rAjanItika zAsana se nirmita ekatA se kahIM adhika gahana evaM gaMbhIra hai|" yaha ekatA rakta, raMga, bhASA, vezabhUSA, rIti-rivAja, dharma-saMpradAya kI anekAneka bhinnatAoM kA atikramaNa karake bahuta UMcI uTha jAtI hai / bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUlabhUta upAdAnoM meM mAnava ko pramukha sthAna para rakhakara usake vikAsa kA ciMtana hai| isa dRSTi se mAnava ko sarvazreSTha mAnakara samasta kiyA-kalApa aura sAMskRtika anuSThAna usI ke nimitta kie jAne cAhie, aisI mAnyatA hamArI saMskRti meM prArambha se vyApta rahI hai / samasta vizva kI maMgalakAmanA bhI hamArI saMskRti kI AdhAra - zilA hai / 'sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayAH sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcit duHkhabhAgbhavet' meM isI kAmanA ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| IzopaniSad meM yahI bhAva dUsare zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai, "jo vyakti samasta prANiyoM ko AtmA meM aura AtmA ko samasta prANiyoM meM dekhatA hai vaha kisI se ghRNA nahIM karatA / " arthAt mAnava hI nahIM, samasta prANiyoM ke prati rAgAtmaka saMbaMdha rakhane kA upadeza 'bhAratIya citana' meM vaidika kAla se rahA hai / mAnavAtmA ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita karane ke lie hI 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' kI avadhAraNA bhAratIya saMskRti meM hai| bhAratIya saMskRti vyakti ke AdhyAtmika tathA Adhibhautika vikAsa ko samAnAntara rUpa se svIkAra karatI hai / pratyeka vyakti apane ko svataMtra ekAMza mAnakara pahale apanA pariSkAra kare, tadanaMtara samAja ko svastha dizA dene kA prayAsa kare / vyaSTi-nirmANa ke binA samAja nirmANa kI kalpanA karanA mUla ko chor3akara pattiyoM aura zAkhAoM ko sIMcanA hai| yadi vyakti ke nijI jIvana meM AcaraNa kI pavitratA nahIM hai aura manasA, vAcA, karmaNA vaha satya kI pratiSThA nahIM karatA, to vaha susaMskRta samAja kA nirmANa kabhI nahIM kara sakatA / jo vyakti mana, vacana aura karma meM sAmya nahIM rakhatA, use vidvAn hone para bhI daMbhI dhanavAna hone para bhI lobhI, kulIna hone para bhI akulIna samajhA jAtA hai| ataH saMskRti kA dhana, vaibhava, aizvarya, prabhutA, pAMDitya, AbhijAtya, mAna-sammAna ke sAtha anivArya saMbaMdha nahIM hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM Atma kA vigalana aura parAtma kA poSaNa hai arthAt svasukha bhoga kI kAmanA se rahita hokara samAja ko sukhI banAne ke prayatna meM saMlagna vyakti susaMskRta hai / susaMskRta vyakti ko aisA koI kAma nahIM karanA cAhie jise vaha apane prati sahana nahIM kara sakatA / 'AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret' meM isI udAtta Azaya ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai / vyakti ko susaMskRta hone ke lie AtmasaMyama, aparigraha, titikSA, karuNA, ahiMsA, satya, sevA, tyAga, samatA, prema aura samanvaya kI AvazyakatA hai / jo vyakti dUsaroM ke lie arthAt samAja ke lie adhika se adhika kaSTa uThAkara jIvana-yApana karane meM vizvAsa karatA hai vaha aparigrahI to hotA hI hai, Atmadamana ke sAtha nirIha aura niHsvArtha bhI hotA hai| isIlie paradukhakAtara honA- parAyI pIr3A ko samajhanA vaiSNava saMskRti kA viziSTa tattva ThaharAyA gayA hai / vAstava meM yaha bhAva bhAratIya saMskRti ke mUla meM hI vyApta rahA hai| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata jo prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke saMvAhaka mahAkAvya haiM, Aja bhI isIlie samAdRta haiM ki unameM isa koTi ke caritroM kI avatAraNA kI gaI hai jinheM Aja bhI hama jAti, deza, kAla kI sImAoM se Upara uThakara saMskRti ke mAnadaMDa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara sakate haiN| duSkRti kA vinAza, sukRti kI rakSA, dharma kI saMsthApanA Adi vizeSaNa unhIM mahApuraSoM ke lie prayukta hote haiM jo saMskRti ke mAna ko yuga-yugoM taka bar3hAte lAe haiN| Aja ke yuga meM bhI mahAna vaijJAnikoM kA mAnavatA ke kalyANa ke lie AtmabalidAna, rAjanItijJoM kA rASTra ke lie utsarga, samAja-sudhArakoM kA samAja ke lie niHsvArtha bhAva se samarpaNa aura sAhityakAroM tathA vicArakoM ke mAnava kI vicAradhArA ke pariSkAra ke lie kie gae racanAtmaka prayatna saMskRti vikAsa kI paraMparA meM Ane vAle anukaraNIya kArya haiN| inhIM se rASTrIya saMskRti banatI hai / 3 bhAratIya saMskRti zabda kA prayoga karane para yaha prazna aneka bAra uThAyA gayA hai ki kyA kisI deza aura jAti kI apanI bhinna saMskRti hotI hai jo kisI aura deza kI nahIM ho sakatI ? kyA bhaugolika pariveza evaM sAmAjika paristhitiyoM se rASTrIya athavA jAtIya saMskRtiyoM kA nirmANa hotA hai? ina praznoM kA Azaya yahI hai ki yadi bhAratIya rASTrIya saMskRti jaisI koI saMskRti hai to kyA vaha mAnava saMskRti yA vizva saMskRti se bhinna kucha sImita saMskRti hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM mujhe yaha kahane meM koI saMkoca nahIM hai ki saMskRtiyoM ke nirmANa meM eka sImA taka deza aura jAti kA yogadAna rahatA hai / saMskRti ke mUla upAdAna to prAyaH sabhI susaMskRta aura sabhya dezoM ke eka sImA taka samAna rahate haiM kiMtu bAhya upAdAnoM meM aMtara avazya AtA hai| rASTrIya yA jAtIya saMskRti kA sabase bar3A yogadAna yahI hai ki vaha hameM apane rASTra kI paraMparA se saMpRkta banAtI hai, apanI rIti-nIti kI saMpadA se vicchinna nahIM hone detii| Aja ke yuga meM rASTrIya evaM jAtIya saMskRtiyoM ke milana ke avasara ati sulabha ho gae haiM, saMskRtiyoM kA pArasparika saMgharSa bhI zurU ho gayA hai| kucha aise videzI prabhAva hamAre deza para par3a rahe haiM jinake AtaMka ne hameM svayaM apanI saMskRti ke prati saMzayAlu banA diyA hai| hamArI AsthA Digane lagI hai| yaha hamArI vaicArika durbalatA kA pakSa hai| apanI saMskRti ko chor3a, 12 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ videzI saMskRti ke avivekahIna anukaraNa se hamAre deza ke rASTrIya gaurava ko jo Thesa pahuMca rahI hai vaha kisI jAgarUka rASTra-premI vyakti se chipI nahIM hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM tyAga aura grahaNa kI adbhuta kSamatA rahI hai, ataH Aja ke vaijJAnika yuga meM hama kisI bhI videzI saMskRti ke jIvaMta tattvoM ko grahaNa karane meM pIche nahIM rahanA cAheMge, kiMtu apanI sAMskRtika nidhi kI upekSA karake vaha parAvalaMbana rASTra kI garimA ke anurUpa nahIM hai / yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki sUrya kI AlokapradAyinI kiraNoM se paudhe ko cAhe jitanI jIvanI zakti mile, kiMtu apanI jamIna aura apanI jar3oM ke binA koI paudhA jIvita nahIM raha sakatA / avivekapUrNa anukaraNa kevala ajJAna kA hI paryAya hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ko binA samajhe kucha videzI lekhakoM ne ise rUr3hivAdI tathA aMdhavizvAsamayI saMskRti kahA hai| dharma ke saMkIrNa AveSTana meM unheM bhAratIya saMskRti meM jar3atA lakSita huI, kintu bhArata kI dharmaprANatA ne jisa rUpa meM anya dharmoM ko unmukta bhAva se svIkAra kiyA, usa ora ina lekhakoM kA dhyAna nahIM gyaa| bhArata kI dharmapravaNatA se na to islAma ko Thesa pahuMcI aura na IsAiyata ke pracAra-prasAra meM bAdhA AI / musalamAna, IsAI aura pArasI apane-apane dhArmika vizvAsoM ke sAtha bhAratIya saMskRti ke aneka poSaka tattvoM se samRddha hote rahe / pAkistAna kI rASTra bhASA urdU kA udbhava bhAratIya bhASAoM se huA, vahI urdU Aja hindUmusalamAna donoM kI bhASA hai| hiMduoM kI rathayAtrA kA rUpAMtaraNa musalamAnoM ke tAjiyoM meM mAnA jAtA hai| sukha kA duHkha meM yaha viparyaya bhI saMskRtiyoM ke saMgharSa kA pariNAma hai| bhAratIya saMskRti bhArata se bAhara jina-jina dezoM meM gaI, vahA~ apanI chApa avazya chor3atI AI / misra kA prathama dharmopadeSTA aura zAsaka menasa aba kevala dharmagraMthoM meM hI hai kiMtu jisa manu ko unhoMne 'menasa' nAma se mAnA hai vaha manu Aja bhI bhAratIya sAhitya, dharma aura smRtiyoM meM jIvita hai| cIna, jApAna, jAvA, sumAtrA, barmA, boniyo Adi dezoM meM bauddha dharma ke mAdhyama se bhAratIya saMskRti kA saMkramaNa huA aura Aja bhI vaha ina dezoM kI apanI sAmAjika paramparAoM aura dhArmika mAnyatAoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| hamArI saMskRti AkrAmaka kabhI nahIM rahI, yahI usakI vizeSatA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke kucha mAnadaMDa the, jo yuga ke anurUpa badalate ge| varNAzrama-vyavasthA, adhyAtmavAda, mokSa, aparigraha, ahiMsA, yajJa, zramaNa yA saMnyAsa Adi ke prati Aja usa prakAra kA Agraha nahIM raha gayA hai| Azrama-vyavasthA to lagabhaga samApta ho gaI hai| mokSa aura punarjanma ke siddhAMta dArzanika ciMtana ke viSaya ho gae haiN| saMnyAsAzrama aura zramaNa saMskRti bhI sArvadezika rUpa meM lakSita nahIM hotii| isI prakAra vaidika karmakAMDa, yajJa aura AraNyaka jIvana bhI saMskRti kA anivArya aMga nahIM raha gayA hai| yaha saba parivartana bhAratIya saMskRti kI udAratA ke hI sUcaka haiN| mUr3hAgraha se mukta hone kA yaha pramANa hai| maiM ina tattvoM kA virodha nahIM karatA, kintu yugadharma ne unheM chor3a diyA to saMskRti ke bhI ve anivArya upakaraNa kyoM mAne jAeM ? ___ bhAratIya saMskRti ke AMtarika evaM bAhya pakSoM ko samajhane ke lie unheM pRthak-pRthak karake parakhanA hogaa| yadi saMskRti kA AMtarika pakSa udghATita karanA hai to bhArata ke vibhinna dharmoM, darzanoM, sAhityika granthoM, lokavizvAsoM tathA sarvasvIkRta dhAraNAoM kA adhyayana apekSita hai| kucha aise maulika siddhAMta aura zAzvata satya haiM jo bhAratIya saMskRti ke merudaNDa kahe jA sakate haiN| AstikavAda bhAratIya adhyAtma kA suphala hai| isa AstikavAda ko hamAre manISI dArzanikoM ne 'athAto brahmajijJAsA' ke rUpa meM prArambha kiyA thA, jisakI pariNati advaitavAda, viziSTAdvaitavAda, zuddhAdvaitavAda, dvaitAdvaitavAda Adi aneka rUpoM meM huii| isake sAtha hI ekezvaravAda, sarvezvaravAda aura bahudevavAda bhI hamAre cintana meM svIkRta huaa| Adhidaivika aura Adhibhautika zabdoM ke mAdhyama se bhI hamAre yahA~ ina viSayoM para gaMbhIratA ke sAtha vicAra-vimarza huA hai| yaha saba cintana vicAra-svAtaMtrya kA hI paricAyaka hai| AstikavAda ke bhItara hI avatAravAda kI kalpanA bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai| avatAravAda ke sAtha IzvarIya zakti ke trividha rUpa bhI svIkRta hue haiM jinheM brahmA, viSNu, ziva nAma se vyavahRta kiyA jAtA hai| ina tInoM devatAoM meM samanvaya sthApita karane kA prayatna bhI cirakAla se calA A rahA hai| bhaktikAlIna sAhitya meM isa samanvaya ko tulasIdAsa ne apanI racanAoM meM mukhara kiyA hai| bhagavAn viSNu aura bhagavAn ziva kA svarUpa isa bahiraMga virodhAbhAsa kA sarvazreSTha citra prastuta karatA hai| 'rAmacaritamAnasa' aura 'vinayapatrikA' ko par3hate samaya pAThaka ke bhItara dvidhAtmaka bhAva A sakate haiM, kyoMki eka hI Izvara svayaM ko do rUpoM meM abhivyakta karatA hai| donoM eka-dUsare se sarvathA bhinna haiN| eka zyAma hai to dUsarA gaura, eka kA vigraha vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta hai to dUsarA nagna aura nAga dhAraNa karatA hai| eka loka-maryAdA kA saMrakSaka hai to dUsarA apane pratyeka kriyA-kalApa se maryAdA kA upahAsa karatA pratIta hotA hai| viSNu devatAoM ke saMrakSaka haiM, ziva devAdhideva hote hue bhI asuroM kI pUjA svIkAra karate haiM--eka lokapAlaka hai to dUsarA sRSTi kA sNhaark| donoM meM bAhya rUpa se kitanA vaibhinnaya hai kintu tattvata: donoM eka haiN| yaha samanvaya bhAratIya darzana, cintana aura AcaraNa meM sarvatra pAyA jAtA hai| isake sAtha hI hamAre yahA~ bauddha aura jaina darzana nAstika kahe jAne para bhI bhAratIya saMskRti se bAhara nahIM haiN| saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA pratipAdana kevala darzana kA hI viSaya nahIM, bhAratIya cintana kA bhI pariNAma hai jise paravartI bhAratIya sUphI kaviyoM ne bhI jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 13 " jAtA hai|
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________________ svIkAra kiyA / bhAratIya saMskRti meM anAsakta bhAva se karma karane kA vidhAna hai| gItA ke dvArA yaha anAsakti yoga bahuta adhika mAnya huA aura anya dharmAvalambiyoM ke lie bhI karma kA preraka tathA karmaphala se anAsakta banAne meM sahAyaka huA / niSkAma karma kI bhAvanA ko hama bhAratIya saMskRti kI mahAn dena kaha sakate haiM / vizva ke kisI deza kI saMskRti meM isa prakAra kI karma-preraNA upalabdha nahIM hotI / sI0 I0 ema0 joDa ke zabdoM meM- "mAnava jAti ko bhAratavAsiyoM ne jo sabase bar3I cIja varadAna ke rUpa meM dI hai, vaha yaha hai ki bhAratavAsI hamezA hI aneka jAtiyoM ke logoM aura aneka prakAra ke vicAroM ke bIca samanvaya sthApita karane ko taiyAra rahe haiM, aura sabhI prakAra kI vividhatAoM ke bIca ekatA kAyama karane kI unakI yogyatA aura zakti apratima rahI hai / " bhAratIya darzana Atmadarzana hai-- pAzcAtya darzana bhautikatA kA darzana, ataH usakA sAMskRtika AdhAra bhI vaisA hI hai / bhAratIya jana kI prAcIna kAla meM caturvarga phala prApti (dharma-artha-kAma-mokSa) kI icchA rahatI thii| dArzanika zabdoM meM ise 'puruSArtha-catuSTaya kahA gayA hai| yaha puruSArtha-catuSTaya sAhitya aura kalA meM bhI abhivyakti pAtA rahA / jIvana aura mRtyu ke sambandha meM bhI bhAratIya saMskRti dvidhAgrasta nahIM hai / zarIra ke prati moha ko isa saMskRti meM sthAna nahIM milA, kintu sAtha hI nIroga aura svastha zarIra se zatAyu hone kI kAmanA pAI jAtI hai| 'jIvema zaradaH zatam' isI kAmanA kA udghoSa hai sukha-dukha meM samAna rahane kA upadeza to gItA meM hai, kintu bhAratIya mahAkAvyoM ke nAyaka use paritArtha karate haiN| rAmAyaNa kA nAyaka rAmacandra purAtana saMskRti kA jIvanta pratIka hai| siMhAsanArUr3ha hone kA sukha use mohita nahIM karatA - vanavAsa kI AjJA bhI usake lie duHkha kA kAraNa nahIM hai| donoM sthitiyoM ko vaha samAna rUpa se svIkAratA hai| bhArata ke mahAkAvyoM meM, lokakathAoM meM, paurANika AkhyAnoM meM jo mahApuruSa sahasroM zatAbdiyoM se jIvita haiM, unameM harizcandra, dadhIci, zivi, bali, rAmacandra, kRSNacaMdra yudhiSThira bhagavAn gautama buddha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI Adi kA nAma saMskRti ke kisI na kisI eka vizeSa guNa ke kAraNa hI hai / 3 ahiMsA, karuNA, maitrI, muditA aura vinaya ko susaMskRta vyakti ke lie kevala jaina aura bauddha dharma meM hI nahIM, sabhI bhAratIya dharmo meM anivArya mAnA gayA hai| ahiMsA aura jIva-dayA isI kAraNa saMskRti kA aMga bana giiN| kintu jaba vibhinna dezoM aura vibhinna dharmAvalaMbiyoM kA bhArata meM Agamana aura samaMjana huA, ina tattvoM meM yathAbhilaSita parivartana bhI aae| parivartana bhaviSya meM bhI hoMge, isa saMbhAvanA ko hama nirasta nahIM kara sakate ; kintu bhAratIya saMskRti una parivartanoM meM apanA svarUpa vilIna nahIM kregii| ina parivartanoM ko hama bhAratIya saMskRti kI pratibhA ke alaMkaraNa hI mAnate haiM jinheM deza - kAlAnusAra utArA aura pahanA jA sakatA hai / bhAratIya saMskRti para vo to prAcIna kAla se hI ApAta hote rahe haiM kintu islAma aura IsAI dharma ke prahAra pUrI niSThuratA ke sAtha hue / ina prahAroM ko jhelakara tathA ina dharmoM ko apane aMcala meM sameTa kara bhAratIya saMskRti jIvita rahI, yahI isakI jIvaMtatA kA pramANa hai| briTiza zAsanakAla meM hI punarjAgaraNa kA samaya AyA / usI punarjAgaraNa meM rAjA rAmamohana rAya, rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa, svAmI dayAnaMda, svAmI vivekAnanda, maharSi aravinda, mahAtmA gAMdhI aura ravIndranAtha ThAkura jaise vyakti utpanna hue aura unhoMne bhAratIya saMskRti kI mUla dhArA ko akSuNNa rkhaa| isa yuga ke ina mahApuruSoM ne saMskRti ko adhikAdhika udAra banAne kA hI prayAsa kiyA dhArmika sahiSNutA kA paricaya dekara saMkIrNa manovRtti se bacAye rkhaa| jaina saMskRti kI AdhArazilA jaina dharma bhArata kA prAcIna dharma hai jisakA mUla pravartana prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ke dvArA huaa| prathama tIrthaMkara kA kAla anirNIta hai / unake aura caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bIca kAla kI dRSTi se kitanA antarAla hai, yaha bhI nizcita nahIM hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ko jaina dharma kA pravartaka mAnane kI bhUla isI kAraNa hotI hai ki unase pUrva utpanna teIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA kramabaddha itivRtta sulabha nahIM hai kintu unake nAma prAcIna sAhitya meM upalabdha haiM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jaina dharma meM yugAnurUpa kAntikArI parivartana kiye aura eka prakAra se jaina dharma ko bhAratIya cintana dhArA meM pramukha sthAna para navIna darzana aura jJAna ke sAtha lA khar3A kiyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga anekaM dRSTiyoM se antarvirodhoM tathA ghAta-pratighAtoM se pIr3ita thA / usa yuga meM yuddha saMgharSa ke sAtha hiMsA ko karmakAMDa meM bhI sthAna mila gayA thaa| phalataH mAnava mUlyoM meM bhI pratikriyAvAdI dRSTi pramukha ho gaI thI / jaina dharma kI punaH sthApanA yA vyApaka pracAra kI dRSTi se punarutthAna ke bAda jo navIna darzana aura sAMskRtika mUlya sthApita hue, unakA mahattva nirvivAda rUpa se sarvasvIkRta hai| ina jIvana mUlyoM se jisa saMskRti kA citra ubharatA hai, use hama jaina dharma kI sAMskRtika dena kaha sakate haiN| jisa prakAra aitareya brAhmaNa meM kahA gayA hai ki 'AtmasaMskRtirbhAva zilpAni' arthAt samasta zilpa AtmasaMskRti kI abhivyakti yA prakAza hai, usI prakAra jainAcAra ke samasta niyama aura upadeza jaina saMskRti kI abhivyakti haiN| jaina dharma meM loka-jIvana ke pariSkAra ke lie jo sAdhana svIkAra kiye gaye, unameM janasamparka ko pramukha sthAna diyA gyaa| janasamparka ke lie loka AcAyaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha 14.
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________________ bhASA arthAt sAmAnya janatA kI bhASA ko pramukha sthAna milaa| ardhamAgadhI, prAkRta, pAli, apabhraMza Adi bhASAe~ jainAcAryoM ke janasaMparka kI bhASAe~ banIM aura inake dvArA upadezoM kA pracAra huA / jainAcArya saMskRta bhASA meM pUrNa pAraMgata the kintu prAkRta jana ke sAtha sauhArda sthApita karane ke lie unhoMne lokabhASAoM kA prazraya liyA thA / jaina saMskRti kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai cintana meM udaartaa| kisI eka vicAra ko pakar3a kara usakA Agraha vyakta karanA jaina saMskRti meM nahIM hai| isalie anekAnta jaise udAra darzana kI sthApanA huii| kisI bhI viSaya meM kisI eka vicAra ko antima satya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| pakSa-pratipakSa para vicAra karane se usI vicAra ke aneka vindu ho sakate haiN| dRSTi-bheda se bhI vastu-bheda hotA hai| sApekSatA se bhI bheda lakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMbhAvanAoM kI iyattA na hone se anekAnta siddhAnta kA abhiprAya spaSTa ho jAtA hai| kisI bhI vastu yA vicAra ko hama ekAyAmI nahIM ThaharA sakate / eka samaya meM hama kisI vastu kI sampUrNatA kA kathana nahIM kara skte| jaba hama kisI vastu ko paribhASita karate haiM taba kisI vizeSa dRSTi se hI karate haiM, vaha dRSTi samagra-dRSTi nahIM hotii| ataH yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki hama vastu ko samagratama dRSTi se dekheM, parakheM aura apane mata ko aMtima satya na samajheM / isa dRSTikoNa se vastu ke samajhane meM vivAda nahIM hotaa| isI siddhAnta ko dUsarI dArzanika zabdAvalI meM 'syAdvAda' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / jaina saMskRti kI udAra dRSTi isa syAdvAda meM bhI samAhita hai| yaha vastu aisI hai, aisI bhI hai aura aisI se kucha bhinna bhI hai| kaisI hai, yaha isakI sampUrNatA meM kathana karanA duSkara hai| jaba hama apane pakSa ke pratipAdana ke sAtha pratipakSa ko bhI samajhane aura grahaNa karane kI guMjAiza lekara calate haiM to udAratA, sahiSNutA, samatA aura sAmarasya kA vAtAvaraNa banatA hai jo susaMskRta samAja kA lakSya hai| jainadharma meM saMskRti kA yaha uccAdarza cintanamanana ke kSetra meM sarvatra lakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina saMskRti kI yaha maulika dena hai jo mata-matAntaroM ke saMgharSa aura vaimanasya ko samUla naSTa karatI hai| sthAdvAda kA siddhAnta sUkSma dArzanika siddhAnta hone ke sAtha vyAvahArika jIvana kA bhI mArgadarzaka siddhAnta hai| saMskRti ke kSetra meM yaha eka bar3A prakAza-stambha hai| isa siddhAnta meM vyakti-svAtaMtrya kI pUrNarUpeNa rakSA hai| pratyeka vyakti apane vicAra ko rakhatA huA vastuparaka dRSTi se tattva cintana kara sakatA hai| jaina saMskRti meM AcAra-maryAdA ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai| mokSa kI prApti ke lie samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyaka caritra kA vidhAna hai| yaha trayI jIvana ke zraddhA, tarka aura AcaraNa ke sammilana se sadAcAra kA patha prazasta karatI hai| yadi hama ina tInoM kA samyaka bodha karaleM to jIvana meM sAMskRtika dRSTi se uccAdarza taka pahuMca sakate haiN| yaha zabdatrayI apane pariveza meM una saba udAtta guNoM ko sameTa letI hai jo mAnava-samAja ko kalyANa ke patha para le jAte haiN| AcaraNa kI pavitratA ke lie jaina dharma meM pAMca vratoM kA vidhAna hai| ye pA~ca mahAvrata tathA daza niyama yogadarzana ke yamaniyamoM ke samAna hI haiM / pA~ca vratoM meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aparigraha aura brahmacarya haiM / zrAvaka inakA AMzika rUpa se bhI pAlana kareM to unake jIvana meM sukha-saMtoSa kA samAveza hogaa| sAdhuoM ke lie ina vratoM kA pAlana anivArya hai aura pUrNarUpeNa unheM inako apanI caryA meM sthAna denA hotA hai| ahiMsA kA jo rUpa sAmAnyataH samajhA jAtA hai, jaina dharma meM utanA hI paryApta nahIM hai| ahiMsA mana, vacana aura karma tInoM sthaloM para grahaNa karanI hotI hai tabhI vyakti pUrNa ahiMsaka banatA hai| aparigraha to jaina sAdhuoM meM Aja bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| manuSya svabhAva se parigrahI hotA hai, use aparigrahI banAnA sarala nahIM hai| kintu aparigrahI banane para isa kSaNabhaMgura saMsAra kA samasta vaibhava tRNavat tyAjya bana jAtA hai| brahmacarya kA vrata nArI jAti ke sammAna aura pratiSThA se jur3A hai| samAja meM nArI ko pratiSThA tabhI milegI jaba lampaTatA, durAcAra, vyabhicAra Adi dUSita vRttiyA~ dUra hoNgii| inake lie brahmacarya vrata kI AvazyakatA svayaMsiddha hai| jaina dharma meM sAmAjika vaiSamya kI kisI rUpa meM bhI svIkRti nahIM hai| jaina saMskRti sAmAjika nyAya, maMtrI aura samatA para bala dekara baMdhutA kI sthApanA karatI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jaina saMskRti kI punaHsthApanA karate hue ina sabhI jIvana-mUlyoM ko samAja ke lie anivArya mAnA hai| manuSya ke saMskAra-saMvardhana ke lie ina udAtta guNoM kA grahaNa jisa samAja meM hogA, vaha svayameva susaMskRta ho jaaegaa| jaina saMskRti kA pramukha lakSya vyakti aura samAja ko eka ahiMsaka, zAntipriya, nirbhIka, prItipUrNa, sauhArdapUrNa, sRjanonmukha jIvana-zailI pradAna karatA hai| jainAcAryoM ke samasta zAstra aura upadeza-vacana viSamatA meM samatA kI sthApanA karane meM pravRtta rahe haiN| vaicArika sahiSNutA isa saMskRti kA jIvana-mUlya hai, anekAnta isI kA samarthana hai| samAja meM sAtha rahate hue hama eka-dUsare ke vicAroM ko samajheM, apane ko pUrNa na mAne, syAdvAda isI kA anumodana karatA hai| ina siddhAntoM kI svIkRti se jo saMskRti nirmita hogI vaha vizva meM prema, maitrI aura baMdhutA kI sthApanA kara skegii| pArasparika vizvAsa isa saMskRti kA AdhAra-staMbha hai ataH jaina dharma prAcIna kAla se jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 15
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________________ Aja taka samaya ke thaper3oM ko sahiSNu hokara jhelatA calA A rahA hai aura usakI saMskRti akSuNNa banI huI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kA yaha eka sudRr3ha AdhAra hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ko samajhane ke lie ise tadAkAra kara hI samajhanA hogA / jaina saMskRti kA samagra avadAna to sAhitya, dharma, darzana, kalA, bhASA, itihAsa, purAtattva Adi sabhI kSetroM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| samasta bhArata meM jaina dharma ke asaMkhya anuyAyI haiM aura prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya bhASAoM meM isa prAcIna dharma ke graMtha pAye jAte haiM jinake AdhAra para hama jaina saMskRti ke vyApaka mahattva ko samajha sakate haiN| saMkSepa meM, vizva saMskRti kA itihAsa manuSya ke nirmANa kA itihAsa hai| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki Adhunika yuga kI vaMjJAnika evaM takanIkI pragati ne saMskRti ko vyApaka AyAma dekara Age bar3hAyA hai| jyoM-jyoM jJAna-vijJAna ke naye kSetra khuleMge-manuSya kI buddhi, jijJAsA aura cetanA kA prasAra hogA aura saMskRti kI dizA meM bhI manuSya ko adhika sakriya honA pdd'egaa| kintu mAnava ko satarka rahakara yaha bhI dekhanA hogA ki vaijJAnika vikAsa kI yaha prakriyA mAtra bauddhika hI na bane manuSya kI saMvedanazIla rAgAtmikA vRtti se isakA saMbaMdha TUTe nhiiN| vijJAna ke AviSkAraka yadi aNubama aura hAiDrojana bama banAne meM lage raheM to mAnava-saMskRti ke kalaMka nAgAsAkI aura hirozimA ke bIbhatsa aura bhISaNa dRzya punaH upasthita ho sakate haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti isIlie yuddha ko bhI dharma-yuddha kI saMjJA detI rahI hai| aisI saMjJA anyatra kahIM nahIM hai| mAnava aura dAnava kI saMskRti meM bheda mAnatI rahI hai| nirIha, nihatthe, nirastra, niraparAdha manuSyoM para bama-varSA kevala asaMskRta karma hI nahIM, amAnavIya bhI hai| ataH bhAratIya saMskRti jJAna-vijJAna ke racanAtmaka vikAsa meM AsthA rakhate hue 'jiyo aura jIne do' meM vizvAsa rakhatI hai| hama mRtyu-pUjaka nahIM haiM, hama dUsare kA dhana chInane kA svapna nahIM dekhate / 'mA gRdhaH kasyasviddhanam' hamArA maMtra hai| ahiMsA, aparigraha, zAMti aura saMtoSa hamArI dinacaryA hai| AtmA kI amaratA meM hamArA vizvAsa hai| hama prANimAtra ke sukha kI kAmanA karate haiN| mahApuruSoM kA sammAna hamArI saMskRti meM sarvocca sthAna pAtA hai| 'mahAjano yena gata: sa paMthAH' isIlie kahA gayA hai ki hama manISiyoM kA Adara karate haiM / hamane kisI IsA masIha ko sUlI para nahIM car3hAyA, kisI sukarAta ko jahara kA pyAlA nahIM pilAyA, kisI gelIliyo kI A~kheM nahIM phodd'ii| yadi hameM kahIM AsurI vRtti ke virodha meM khar3A honA par3A to yuddha-kSetra meM usa asura kA sAmanA kiyA aura use parAsta kiyA hai| _ hama mAnava ko sarvazreSTha mAnate hue usake sAMskRtika vikAsa ke lie sAhitya, darzana, vijJAna, kalA aura zilpa ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| hama samasta saMsAra ko susaMskRta evaM sabhya dekhanA cAhate haiN| hamArA vizvAsa hai ki vizva kA sAMskRtika vikAsa hI vizvazAMti, vizva-maitrI aura vizva-aikya kI saraNi hai| kisI jaDa-paraMparA meM hama maDha AsthA nahIM rakhate / rUDhivAditA aura aMdhavizvAsoM 'mRtyormA'mRtaM gamaya' usI lAlasA ke udghoSa haiN| 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' kevala sUkti hI nahIM, jIvana-saraNi hai| apane vicAroM aura vizvAsoM meM AsthA kA bhI hamAre yahA~ sthAna hai| 'svadhane nidhanaM zreyaH' isIlie saddharma kI nIti hai| prasiddha manISI imarsana ne kahA hai-"apane vicAra meM AsthA yA vizvAsa rakhanA, yaha vizvAsa rakhanA ki jo tumhAre apane hRdaya ke lie satya hai vaha saba manuSyoM ke lie satya hai-yahI pratibhA hai|" hamArI saMskRti meM isa pratibhA kI svIkRti hI nahIM, varaNa hai| isI pratibhA se rUr3hiyoM kA dabAva haTatA hai aura yahI pratibhA manuSya-samAja ko uccatara bhUmikA kI ora agrasara karatI hai| uccatara bhUmikA kI ora agrasara honA hI saMskRti ke mArga kI ora bar3hanA hai| 'sahiSNutA, udAratA, sAmAsika saMskRti, anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura ahiMsA-ye eka hI satya ke alagaalaga nAma haiN| asala meM yaha bhAratavarSa kI sabase bar3I vilakSaNatA kA nAma hai, jisake adhIna yaha deza eka huA hai aura jise apanAkara sArA saMsAra eka ho sakatA hai| anekAntavAdI vaha hai jo durAgraha nahIM krtaa| anekAntavAdI vaha hai jo dUsaroM ke matoM ko bhI Adara se dekhanA aura samajhanA cAhatA hai| anekAntavAdI vaha hai jo apane para bhI saMdeha karane kI niSpakSatA rakhatA hai| anekAntavAdI vaha hai jo samajhautoM ko apamAna kI vastu nahIM maantaa| azoka aura harSavardhana anekAntavAdI the, jinhoMne eka dharma meM dIkSita hote hue bhI sabhI dharmoM kI sevA kii| akabara anekAntavAdI thA, kyoMki satya ke sAre rUpa use kisI eka dharma meM dikhAI nahIM die evaM sampUrNa satya kI khoja meM vaha AjIvana sabhI dharmoM ko TaTolatA rahA / paramahaMsa rAmakRSNa anekAntavAdI the, kyoMki hindU hote hue bhI unhoMne islAma aura IsAiyata kI sAdhanA kI thii| aura, gAMdhIjI kA to sArA jIvana hI anekAntabAda kA unmukta adhyAya thA / vAstava meM bhArata kI sAmAsika saMskRti kA sArA dAromadAra ahiMsA para hai, syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda kI komala bhAvanA para hai / yadi ahiMsA nIce dabI aura asahiSNutA evaM durAgraha kA visphoTa huA, to ve sAre tAnebAne TUTa jAyeMge jinheM isa deza meM AnevAlI bIsiyoM jAtiyoM ne hajAroM varSa taka milakara bunA hai|" -rAmadhArIsiMha 'dinakara' ('eI mahAmAnavera sAgara-tIre' se) AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha .