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________________ saMskRti aura sabhyatA saMskRti aura saMskAra eka hI dhAtu se niSpanna zabda haiN| saMskRti kA artha hai-saMskAra aura saMskAra kA artha hai-saMskRti / saMskRti zabda kI ekAnta Agraha ke rUpa meM koI eka vyAkhyA aura eka paribhASA nahIM kI jA sktii| saMskRti usa sundara saritA ke samAna hai, jo apane svataMtra svabhAva se nirantara pravAhita hotI rahatI hai| yadi saritA ke pravAha ko bAMdha diyA jAe, to phira saritA, saritA na raha jaaegii| isI prakAra saMskRti ko aura usa saMskRti ko, jo jana-mana ke jIvana meM ghula-mila cukI hai, zabdoM kI sImA meM bA~dhanA, rASTra kI paridhi meM bA~dhanA aura samAja ke bandhanoM meM bA~dhanA kathamapi ucita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| saMskRti kI saritA ko kisI bhI prakAra kI sImA meM sImita karanA, mAnava-mana kI eka bar3I bhUla hai| saMskRti ke sambandha meM pAzcAtya vicAraka maithyU ArnalDa ne kahA hai--"vizva ke sarvocca kathanoM aura vicAroM kA jJAna hI saccI saMskRti hai|"" mahAn vicAraka bobI ke kathanAnusAra saMskRti do prakAra kI hotI hai--parimita saMskRti aura aparimita saMskRti / vobI kA kathana hai-"parimita saMskRti zRMgAra evaM vilAsitA kI ora bhAvita hotI hai| jabaki aparimita saMskRti saralatA evaM saMyama kI ora pravAhita hotI hai|" 3 yahA~ para saMskRti ke sandarbha meM eka bAta aura vicAraNIya hai| aura vaha yaha hai, ki kyA saMskRti aura sabhyatA donoM eka haiM, athavA bhinna-bhinna hai ? isa sambandha meM zrIprakAzajI ne bahuta sundara kahA hai-"sabhyatA' zarIra hai, aura saMskRti praatmaa| sabhyatA jAnakArI aura vibhinna kSetroM kI mahAn evaM virAT khoja kA pariNAma hai, jabaki saMskRti vizuddha jJAna kA pariNAma hai / " 3 isake atirikta jise hama saccI saMskRti kahate haiM, usakA eka prAdhyAtmika pahalU bhI hai| isake sambandha meM mahAn vicAraka mArDena ne kahA hai-"svabhAva kI gambhIratA, mana kI mamatA, saMskRti ke antima pRSThoM meM se eka hai aura yaha samasta vizva ko vaza meM karane vAlI zakti meM pUrNa vizvAsa se utpanna hotI hai|" 4 isa kathana kA abhiprAya yaha hai, ki prAtmA kI ajaratA aura amaratA meM aTala vizvAsa honA hI, vAstavika saMskRti hai| saMskRti ke sambandha meM bhArata ke mahAna cintaka sAneguru kA kathana hai ki-"jo saMskRti mahAn hotI hai, vaha dUsaroM kI saMskRti ko bhaya nahIM detI, balki use sAtha lekara pavitratA detI hai| gaMgA kI garimA isI meM hai ki dUsare pravAhoM ko apane meM milA letI hai aura isI kAraNa vaha pavitra, svaccha evaM AdaraNIya kahI jA sakatI hai| loka meM vahI saMskRti Adara ke yogya hai, jo vibhinna dhArAoM ko sAtha meM lekara agrasara hotI rahatI hai|' 1. Culture is to now the best that has been said and thought in the world, 2. Partial Culture runs to the arnote. exterme culture to simplicity. 3. While civilization is the body, culture is the soul, while civilization is the result of knowledge and great painful researches in divers field, culture is the result of wisdom. 4. Serenity of spirit, poise of mind, is one of the last Lesson of culture and comes from a perfect trust in the all controlling force of univers. saMskRti aura sabhyatA 323 Jain Education Interational
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________________ saMskRti kA sahI artha : Aja saMsAra meM sarvatra saMskRti kI carcA hai| sabhA meM, sammelanoM meM aura utsavoM meM sarvatra hI Aja saMskRti kA bolabAlA hai| sAmAnya vyakti se lekara, viziSTa vidvAn taka Aja saMskRti para bolate aura likhate haiM, parantu saMskRti kI paribhASA evaM vyAkhyA Aja taka bhI sthira nahIM ho sakI hai| saMskRti kyA hai ? vidvAnoM ne vibhinna paddhatiyoM se isa para vicAra kiyA hai| Aja bhI vicAra cala hI rahA hai| saMskRti kI saritA ke pravAha ko zabdoM kI sImA rekhA meM bA~dhane kA prayatna to bahuta kiyA gayA hai, para usameM saphalatA nahIM mila sakI hai| bhArata ke prAcIna sAhitya meM dharma, darzana aura kalA kI jo carcA hai vaha saMskRti kI hI carcA hai| Aja ke jana-jIvana meM aura grAja ke sAhitya meM to sarvatra saMskRti hI makhara ho rahI hai| usane apane Apa meM dharma, darzana aura kalA tInoM ko sameTa liyA hai| maiM pUchatA hU~ Apase ki saMskRti meM kyA nahIM hai ? usameM prAcAra kI pavitratA hai, vicAra kI gambhIratA hai aura kalA kI priyatA evaM sundaratA hai| apanI isI arthavyApakatA ke AdhAra para saMskRti ne dharma, darzana aura kalA -tInoM ko prAtmasAt kara liyA hai| jahA~ saMskRti hai, vahA~ dharma hogA hii| jahA~ saMskRti hai, vahA~ darzana hogA hii| jahA~ saMskRti hai, vahA~ kAlA hogI hii| bhArata ke adhyAtma-sAhitya meM saMskRti se bar3hakara anya koI zabda vyApaka, vizAla aura bahu artha kA abhivyaMjaka nahIM hai| kucha vidvAn saMskRti ke paryAyavAcI rUpa meM pariSkAra aura sudhAra Adi zabdoM kA bhI prayoga karate haiM, parantu yaha ucita nahIM hai| vastutaH saMskRti kI pavitratA ko dhAraNa karane kI sAmarthya ina zabdoM meM se kisI meM bhI nahIM hai| adhika se adhika khIMcAtAnI karake, pariSkAra evaM sudhAra zabda se prAcAra kA grahaNa to kadAcit kiyA bhI jA sake, parantu vicAra aura kalA kI abhivyakti ina zabdoM se kathamati nahIM ho sktii| eka saMskRti zabda se hI dharma, darzana aura kalA--tInoM kI abhivyakti kI jA sakatI hai| saMskRti evaM sabhyatA: saMskRti eka bahatI dhArA hai| jisa prakAra saritA kA prANa-tattva hai, usakA prvaah| ThIka usI prakAra saMskRti kA prANatattva bhI usakA satata pravAha hai| saMskRti kA artha hai nirantara vikAsa kI ora bar3hanA / saMskRti vicAra, Adarza aura bhAvanA tathA saMskAra-pravAha kA vaha saMgaThita evaM susthira saMsthAna hai, jo mAnava ko apane pUrvajoM se sahaja hI adhigata ho jAtA hai| vyApaka artha meM saMskRti ko bhautika aura AdhyAtmika----ina do bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai| bhautika saMskRti ko sabhyatA bhI kahate haiN| isameM bhavana, vasana, vAhana evaM yantra Adi vaha samasta bhautika sAmagrI yA jAtI hai. jisakA samAja ne apane zrama se nirmANa kiyA hai| kalA kA sambandha isI bhautika saMskRti se hai| AdhyAtmika saMskRti meM AcAra-vicAra aura vijJAna kA samAveza kiyA jAtA hai| saMskRti kA artha saMskAra bhI kiyA jAtA hai| saMskAra ke do prakAra hai-eka vaiyaktika, jisameM manuSya apane guNa se evaM apanI ziSTatA se camakatA hai| dUsarA sAmUhika, jo samAja virodhI dUSita pAcAra kA pratikAra karatA hai| samAna aAcAra, samAna vicAra, samAna vizvAsa, samAna bhASA aura samAna patha-ye sabhI milakara saMskRti ko ekatA pradAna karate haiN| saMskRti mAnava ke bhUta, vartamAna aura bhAvI-jIvana kA sarvAMgINa citraNa hai| jIvana jIne kI kalA athavA paddhati ko saMskRti kahate haiN| saMskRti prakAza meM nahIM, isI dharatI para rahatI hai| vaha kalpanA mAtra nahIM hai, jIvana kA Thosa satya hai evaM jIvana kA prANabhUta tattva hai| mAnavIya jIvana ke nAnAvidha rUpoM kA samudAya hI saMskRti hai| saMskRti meM vikAsa aura parivartana sadA hotA AyA hai| jIvana ke 'satyaM, zivaM, sundaram' kA sarjana evaM saMmUrtana manuSya ke mana, prANa aura deha ke prabala evaM dIrghakAlika prayatnoM ke phalasvarUpa huA hai| manuSya-jIvana kabhI gatihIna nahIM hotA, pIr3hI-dara-pIr3hI vaha Age bar3hatA rahatA hai| dharma, darzana, sAhitya aura kalAye saba manuSya jIvana ke vikAsa ke suphala haiN| isa dRSTi se saMskRti mAnavIya jIvana 324 pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Intemational
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________________ ke prayatna kI upalabdhi hai| saMskRti meM jaba niSThA pakkI hotI hai, taba mana kI paridhi bhI. vistRta ho jAtI hai, udAratA kA bhaNDAra bhI bhara jAtA hai| ataH saMskRti jIvana ke lie paramAvazyaka hai| saMskRti, rAjanIti aura arthazAstra---donoM ko apane meM samanvita kara vistRta evaM virAT manastattva ko janma detI hai| isI ko bhAratIya saMskRti meM artha aura kAma kA sundara samanvaya kahA gayA hai| saMskRti jIvana-vRkSa kA sambarddhana karane vAlA rasa hai| yadi rAjanIti aura arthazAstra jIvana patha kI sAdhanA hai, to saMskRti usa patha kA sAdhya hai| vyakti, samAja aura rASTra kA samvarddhana binA saMskRti ke nahIM ho sktaa| saMskRti : sAdhanA ko sarvottama pariNati : ___saMskRti manuSya kI vividha sAdhanAoM kI sarvottama evaM sarvazreSTha pariNati kahI jA sakatI hai| saMskRti mAnava-jIvana kA eka avinAbhAvI tattva hai| vaha samasta virodhoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karatI hai| nAnA prakAra kI dharma-sAdhanA, kalAtmaka prayatna, yoga-mUlaka anubhUti aura apanI tarka-mulaka kalpanA-zakti se manuSya usa mahAn satya ke vyApaka tathA paripUrNa svarUpa ko adhigata karatA hai, jise hama saMskRti kahate hai| bAvajUda isake, maiM kahU~gA ki saMskRti kI sarvasammata paribhASA abhI taka nahIM bana sakI hai| pratyeka vyakti apanI ruci aura vicAra ke anusAra isakA artha kara letA hai| saMskRti kA artha hai-manuSya kI jyyaatraa| manuSya apanI sAdhanA ke bala para vikRti se saMskRti aura saMskRti se prakRti kI ora nirantara gatizIla rahatA hai| jIvana meM vikRti hai, isIlie saMskRti kI AvazyakatA hai| parantu saMskRti ko pAkara hI manaSya kI jayayAtrA samApta nahIM ho jaatii| usase Age bar3hakara prakRti ko, apane svabhAva ko prApta karanA hogaa| yahA~ saMskRti kA artha hai--yAtmazodhana / saMskRti ke ye vividha rUpa aura nAnA artha Aja ke sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiN| saMskRti eka vizAla mahAsAgara hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI AtmA : samanvaya : bhAratIya saMskRti kI vizeSatA usake AcAra-pUta svatantra cintana meM, satya kI zodha meM aura udAra vyavahAra meM rahI hai| yuddha jaise dAruNa avasara para bhI yahA~ ke cintakoM ne zAnti kI sIkha dI hai| vaira ke badale prema, karatA ke badale madutA aura hiMsA ke badale ahiMsA dI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI antarAtmA hai--virodha meM bhI anurodha, vividhatA meM bhI samanvaya-buddhi tathA eka sAmaJjasya dRSTikoNa / bhAratIya saMskRti hRdaya aura buddhi kI pUjA karane vAlI udArapUrNa bhAvanA aura vimala parijJAna ke yoga se jIvana meM sarasatA aura madhuratA barasAne vAlI hai| yaha saMskRti jJAna kA karma ke sAtha aura karma kA jJAna ke sAtha mela baiThAkara saMsAra meM madhuratA kA pracAra tathA sarasatA kA prasAra karane vAlI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kA artha hai-vizvAsa, vicAra aura prAcAra kI jItI-jAgatI mhimaa| bhArata kI saMskRti kA artha hai-sneha, sahAnubhuti, sahayoga, sahakAra aura saha-astitva / isa saMskRti kA saMlakSya haiasat se sat kI ora jAnA, andhakAra se prakAza kI ora jAnA, bheda se abheda kI ora jAnA tathA kIcar3a se kamala kI ora jAnA, asundara se sundara kI ora jAnA aura aviveka se viveka kI ora jaanaa| bhArata kI saMskRti kA artha hai--rAma kI pavitra maryAdA, kRSNa kA tejasvI karmayoga, mahAvIra kI sarvabhUta hitakArI ahiMsA, tyAga evaM virodhoM kI samanvayabhUmi anekAnta, buddha kI madhura karuNA evaM viveka-yukta vairAgya aura mahAtmA gAMdhI kI dharmAnuprANita rAjanIti evaM satya kA pryog| ata: bhAratIya saMskRti ke sUtradhAra hai--rAma, kRSNa, mahAvIra, buddha aura gaaNdhii| yaha bhAratIya saMskRti kI sampUrNatA hai / bhAratIya saMskRti ko triveNI : bhArata kI saMskRti kA mUla srota hai--"dayatAM, dIyatA, vAmyatAm" isa eka hI suna meM samagra bhArata kI saMskRti kA sAra A gayA hai| jahA~ dayA, dAna aura damana hai, vahIM para saMskRti aura sabhyatA 325
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________________ bhArata kI saMskRti kI mUla AtmA hai| bhArata ke jana-jana kI aura bhArata ke mana-mana kI saMskRti kA mUla AdhAra hai--dayA, dAna aura dmn| prANa-prANa ke prati dayA karo, mukta bhAva se dAna karo aura apane mana ke vikalpoM kA damana kro| bhArata ke jana-jana ke mana-mana meM dayA, dAna evaM damana kA UrjasvI bhAva bharA hai| vedoM ne isI ko gAyA, piTakoM ne isI ko dhyAyA aura AgamoM ne isI ko jana-jIvana ke kaNa-kaNa meM ramAyA / krUratA se manuSyatA ko sukha nahIM milA, taba dayA jaagii| saMgraha meM manuSya ko zAnti nahIM milI, taba dAna paayaa| bhoga meM manuSya ko caina nahIM milA, taba damana AyA / vikRta jIvana ko saMskRta bAnAne ke lie bhAratIya saMskRti ke bhaNDAra meM dayA, dAna aura damana se bar3hakara, anya koI dharohara nahIM hai, anya koI sampatti nahIM hai| apane mUla rUpa meM bhArata kI saMskRti eka hokara bhI dhArA rUpa meM vaha aneka hai| veda-mArga se bahane vAlI dhArA vaidika saMskRti hai| piTaka mArga se bahane vAlI dhArA bauddha saMskRti hai| Agama mArga se bahane vAlI dhArA jaina saMskRti hai| bhArata kI saMskRti mala meM eka hokara bhI veda, jina aura buddha rUpa meM vaha tridhArAoM meM pravAhita hai| veda dAna kA, buddha dayA kA aura jina damana kA pratIka hai| apane manovikAroM ko damita karane vAlA vijetA hI jina hotA hai aura jina-deva kI saMskRti hI vastutaH Atma-vijetA kI saMskRti hai| __ bhAratIya saMskRti ke sampUrNa svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie aura usakI sampUrNa sImA kA aMkana karane ke lie, use do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karanA hogA--brAhmaNa kI saMskRti aura zramaNa kI saMskRti / brAhmaNa aura zramaNa ne yuga-yuga se bhAratIya saMskRti kA pratinidhitva kiyA hai aura kisI na kisI rUpa meM vaha Aja bhI karatA hai| brAhmaNa vistAra kA pratIka hai aura zramaNa zama, zrama aura sama kA pratIka mAnA jAtA hai| jo apanA vistAra karatA hai, vaha brAhmaNa hai aura jo zAnti, tapasyA tathA samatvayoga kA sAdhaka hai, vaha zramaNa hai| zrama aura sAdhanA donoM kA eka hI artha hai| pratyeka sAdhanA zrama hai aura pratyeka zrama sAdhanA hai--yadi usameM mana kA pavina rasa u~Dela diyA gayA ho| brAhmaNa-saMskRti vistAravAdI saMskRti hai, vaha sarvatra phaila jAnA cAhatI hai, jaba ki zramaNa-saMskRti apane ko saMyamita karatI hai| jahA~ vistAra hai, vahA~ bhoga hai| jahA~ sImA hai, vahA~ tyAga hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki brAhmaNa-saMskRti bhoga para aAdhArita hai aura zramaNa-saMskRti tyAga para / mere vicAra meM bhAratIya samAja ko yathocita bhoga aura yathocita tyAga donoM kI AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki zarIra ke lie bhoga kI AvazyakatA hai aura AtmA ke lie tyAga kii| bhoga aura yoga kA yathArtha vikAsamUlaka saMtulana evaM sAmaJjasya hI bhAratIya saMskRti kA mUla rUpa hai| bhArata ke brAhmaNa ne U~ce svara meM zarIra kI AvazyakatAoM para adhika bala diyaa| mere kahane kA abhiprAya itanA hI hai, ki brAhmaNasaMskRti pravRttivAdI hai aura zramaNa-saMskRti nivRttivAdI hai| pravRtti aura nivRtti mAnavIya jIvana ke do samAna pakSa hai| jabataka sAdhaka, sAdhaka avasthA meM hai, tabataka use zubha pravRtti kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai, kintu jaba sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA ke dvArA sAdhya kI carama koTi ko chU letA hai, taba usake jIvana meM nivRtti svataH hI A jAtI hai| azubha se zubha aura antataH zubha se zuddha para pahu~canA hI maMskRti kA carama paripAka hai| mere vicAra meM bhAratIya samAja ko svasthatA pradAna karane ke lie brAhmaNa aura zramaNa donoM kI AvazyakatA rahI hai aura ananta bhaviSya meM bhI donoM kI AvazyakatA rhegii| AvazyakatA hai, kevala donoM ke dRSTikoNa meM santulana sthApita karane kI aura samanvaya sAdhane kii| bhAratIya saMskRti kA svarUpa : bhArata ke jana-jIvana kI saMskRti kA rUpa sAmAsika evaM sAmUhika rahA hai aura usakA vikAsa bhI dhIre-dhIre huA hai| itihAsa ke kucha vidvAna yaha bhI dAvA karate haiM ki bhAratIya saMskRti kA prArambha AryoM ke Agamana ke sAtha huA thaa| kintu yaha vicAra samIcIna nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyoMki jinhoMne 'har3appA' aura 'mohanajodar3o' kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti 326 Jain Education Interational pannA samikkhae dhamma
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________________ kA adhyayana kiyA hai, ve isa tathya ko svIkAra karate haiM ki tathAkathita evaM tathA pracArita AryoM ke Agamana se pUrva bhI bhAratIya sabhyatA aura saMskRti bahuta U~cI uTha cukI thii| hA~, isa tathya se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki pAryoM ke yahA~ Ane ke bAda aura unake yahA~ sthApita ho jAne ke bAda AryoM aura dravir3oM ke milana, mizraNa aura samanvaya se jisa samaveta saMskRti kA janma huA thA, vastuta: vahI bhArata kI prAcInatama saMskRti aura kucha artha meM mUla saMskRti bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| yaha smaraNIya hai ki hamArI rASTriya saMskRti ne dhIre-dhIre var3hakara apanA vartamAna AkAra grahaNa kiyA hai, jisameM bhArata ke mUla nivAsI dravir3oM, AryoM, zaka evaM hUNoM tathA musalamAna aura IsAiyoM kA dhIre-dhIre yoga-dAna milatA rahA hai| yaha vAta to satya hai ki bhArata kI prAcIna saMskRti meM samanvaya karane kI tathA naye upakaraNoM ko pacAkara AtmasAt karane kI adbhuta yogyatA thii| jabataka isakA yaha guNa sakriya rahA, taba taka yaha saMskRti jIvita aura gatizIla rahI, lekina bAda meM paristhiti ne kucha aisA mor3a liyA ki isakI gatizIlatA sthiratA meM pariNata ho gii| sthiratA bhI Age calakara rUr3hivAditA meM pariNata ho gii| kAphI lambe itihAsa ke antarAla meM bhUgola' ne bhArata ko jo rUpa diyA, usase vaha eka aisA vizAla deza bana gayA, jisake daravAje bAhara kI ora se banda the / kyoMki mahAsAgara aura mahAzaila himAlaya se ghirA hone ke kAraNa bAhara se kisI kA isa deza meM AnA AsAna nahIM thaa| phira bhI jo kucha loga sAhasa karake yahA~ para Ae, ve yahIM ke hokara raha ge| udAharaNa ke lie, sIthiyana aura haNa loga tathA unake bAda bhArata meM Ane vAlI kucha anya jAtiyoM ke loga yahA~ Akara rAjapUta jAti kI zAkhAoM meM ghula-mila gae aura yaha dAvA karane lage ki hama bhI prAcIna bhArata kI santAna haiN| bhArata kI saMskRti, janajana kI saMskRti rahI hai aura isIlie vaha sadA se udAra aura sahiSNu rahI hai| yahAM para saba kA samAdara hotA rahA hai| jise hama bhAratIya saMskRti kahate haiM, vaha Adi se anta taka na to pAryoM kI racanA hai aura na kevala dravir3oM kA hI prayatna hai| balki usake bhItara aneka jAtiyoM kA aMzadAna hai| yaha saMskRti rasAyana kI prakriyA se taiyAra huI hai aura usake andara aneka auSadhiyoM kA rasa samAhita hai| bhArata meM samanvaya kI prakriyA rcITiyoM kI prakriyA nahIM, jo anAja ke kaNoM ko eka sthAna para ekatrita kara detI haiN| isa prakAra kA samanvaya vAstavika samanvaya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyoMki aneka anAjoM ke anaginata dAne eka bartana meM ekatrita kie jAne para bhI alaga-alaga gine aura pahacAne jA sakate haiN| cIMTiyA~ anAja ke kaNoM ko ekatrita to kara detI haiM, kintu unakA eka-dUsare meM vilaya nahIM kara paatiiN| bhAratIya saMskRti madhumakkhiyoM kI prakriyA jaisI rahI hai| madhumakkhiyA~ aneka vargoM ke phUloM se vibhinna prakAra kA rasa ekatrita karake madhu ke rUpa meM use eka aisA svarUpa detI haiM ki koI bhI phUla vahA~ sabase Upara nahIM boltaa| bhAratIya saMskRti, aneka saMskRtiyoM ke yoga se huA vaha madhu hai, jisameM vibhinna vargoM ke puSpoM kA yogadAna rahA hai, sAtha hI sabakA sAmAnyIkaraNa bhI hotA rahA hai| bhArata kI sAMskRtika ekatA: . bhArata kI yaha sAMskRtika ekatA, mukhyataH do kAraNoM para AdhArita hai--pahalA kAraNa to bhArata kA bhUgola hai, jisane uttara aura pUrva kI ora pahAr3oM se tathA dakSiNa aura pazcima kI ora samudroM se ghera kara bhArata ko svatantra bhU-bhAga kA rUpa de diyA hai| dUsarA kAraNa, isa ekatA kA eka pramukha kAraNa bhAratIya janatA kA udAra dRSTikoNa bhI hai, jo kisI bhI vizvAsa ke lie durAgraha nahIM karatA, jo sahiSNutA, svAdhIna cintana evaM vaiyaktika svatantratA kA saMsAra meM baDA samarthaka rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata ke vizAla maidAnoM meM sabhI prakAra ke dharmoM ko panapane kA samAna avasara milA hai| yahA~ para kaTTara IzvaravAdI dharma bhI panapA hai aura parama nAstika cArvAka jaisA darzana bhI pallavita hunA hai| bhArata meM sAkAra kI upAsanA saMskRti aura sabhyatA 327 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ karane vAle bhI rahe haiM aura sAtha hI nirAkAra ke upAsaka bhii| dharma ke vikAsa ke lie aura apane-apane vicAra kA pracAra karane ke lie kucha apavAdoM ko chor3a kara bhArata kabhI kisI prakAra kA pratibandha nahIM rahA hai / yahA~ para sAdhaka evaM upAsaka ko itanI svatantratA rahI hai ki vaha apane Adarza ke anusAra cAhe kisI eka devatA ko mAne, athavA aneka devatAoM ko maane| bhArata meM veda kA samarthana karane vAle bhI hue haiM aura veda kA ghora virodha karane vAle bhI hue haiN| bhArata kI dharatI para mandira, masjida aura carca tInoM kA sundara samanvaya huA hai / mere vicAra meM isa ekatA aura samanvaya kA kAraNa bhAratIya dRSTikoNa kI udAratA evaM sahiSNutA hI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti eka aisI saMskRti hai, jisameM adhika adhika saMskRtiyoM kA raMga milA huA hai, ataH vaha adhika se adhika vibhinna dharmoM evaM jAtiyoM kI mAnasika evaM AdhyAtmika ekatA kA pratinidhitva kara sakatI hai / Aja ke navIna vizva ko yadi bhArata se kucha pAnA hai, to vaha prAcIna bhArata se hI prApta kara sakatA hai / prAcIna bhArata ke upaniSad, Agama aura tripiTaka zrAja bhI isa rAha bhUlI duniyA ko bahuta kucha prakAza de sakate haiN| Aja ke vizva kI pIr3AoM kA samAdhAna AdhyAtmika bhAvanA meM haiM / abhinava manuSya pratibhogI ho gayA hai| vaha apanI roTI dUsaroM ke sAtha bAMTa kara nahIM khAnA cAhatA / use hara hAlata meM pUrI roTI cAhie, bhale hI use bhUkha prAdhI roTI kI hI kyoM na ho / ukta bhoga-vRtti kA zamana udAra tyAga vRtti meM hai, jo bhAratIya saMskRti kA mUla prANa hai / merA apanA vicAra yaha hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti meM jo rUr3hivAditA A gaI hai, yadi use dUra kiyA jAe, to bhArata ke pAsa Aja bhI dUsaroM ko dene ke lie bahuta kucha zeSa hai / vizva kI bhAvI ekatA kI bhUmikA, bhArata kI sAmAsika saMskRti hI ho sakatI hai| jisa prakAra bhArata ne kisI bhI dharma kA dalana kie binA, apane yahA~ dhArmika ekatA sthApita kI, jisa prakAra bhArata ne kisI bhI jAti kI vizeSatA naSTa kie binA, sabhI jAtiyoM ko eka saMskRti ke sUtra meM Abaddha kiyA, usI prakAra bhAratIya saMskRti ke udAra vicAra itane virAT evaM vizAla rahe haiM ki usameM saMsAra ke sabhI vicAroM kA samAhita ho jAnA asambhava nahIM hai / RSabhadeva se lekara rAma taka aura rAma se lekara vartamAna meM gAMdhI yuga taka bhAratIya saMskRti satata gatizIla rahI hai| yaha ThIka hai ki bIca-bIca meM usameM kahIM rukAvaTeM bhI avazya zrAtI rahI haiM, kintu ve rukAvaTeM usake gantavya patha ko badala nahIM sakIM / rukAvaTa kI jAnA eka alaga bAta hai aura patha ko chor3akara bhaTaka jAnA eka alaga bAta hai / lAkhoM varSoM kI isa bhArata kI prAcIna saMskRti meM vaha kauna tattva hai, jo ise anuprANita aura anuprerita karatA rahA hai ? mere vicAra meM, koI aisA tattva avazya honA cAhie, jo yuga-yuga meM vibhinna dhArAoM ko mor3a dekara usakI eka vizAla aura virAT dhArA banAtA rahA ho / pratyeka saMskRti kA aura pratyeka sabhyatA kA apanA eka prANa tattva hotA hai, jisake AdhAra para vaha saMskRti aura sabhyatA tana kara khar3I rahatI hai aura saMsAra ke vinAzaka tattvoM ko cunautI detI rahatI hai| roma aura mizra kI saMskRtiyA~ dhUlisAt ho cukI haiM, jabaki ve saMskRtiyA~ bhI utanI hI prAcIna thIM, jitanI ki bhArata kI saMskRti / bhAratIya saMskRti kA prANa tattva : bhArata kI saMskRti kA mUla tattva athavA prANa tattva hai---hiMsA aura anekAnta, samatA aura samanvaya / vastutaH vibhinna saMskRtiyoM ke bIca sAtvika samanvaya kA kAma ahiMsA aura anekAnta ke binA nahIM cala sakatA / talavAra ke bala para hama manuSya ko naSTa to kara sakate haiM, para use jIta nahIM sakate / asala meM manuSya ko sahI rUpa meM jItanA, usake hRdaya para adhikAra pAnA hai, to usakA zAzvata upAya samara-bhUmi kI rakta dhArA se lAla kIcar3a nahIM, sahiSNutA kA zItala pradeza hI ho sakatA hai| Aja se hI nahIM, anantakAla se bhArata hiMsA aura anekAnta kI sAdhanA meM lIna rahA hai / ahiMsA aura anekAnta ko samatA aura samanvaya pannA samikkha dhammaM 328 .
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________________ bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA aura anekAnta para kisI sampradAyavizeSa kA lebila nahIM lagAyA jA sktaa| ye donoM tattva bhAratIya saMskRti ke kaNa-kaNa meM rama cuke haiM aura bhArata koTizaH logoM ke aMtarmana meM praveza pA cuke haiN| bhale hI kucha logoM ne yaha samajha liyA ho ki hiMsA aura anekAnta, jaina dharma ke siddhAnta haiN| bAta vastutaH yaha hai ki siddhAnta sadA ma hote haiM, na ve kabhI janma lete haiM aura na ve kabhI marate haiN| ahiMsA aura anekAnta ko zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jana-cetanA ke samakSa prastuta kiyA evaM prakaTa kiyA, isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki vaha jaina dharma ke hI siddhAnta haiM, balki satya yaha hai ki ve bhArata ke aura bhAratIya saMskRti ke amara siddhAnta haiN| kyoMki bhagavAn mahAvIra aura jaina dharma bhAratIya nahIM the / yaha bAta alaga hai ki bhArata kI grahisA-sAdhanA jaina dharma meM apane carama utkarSa para pahu~cI aura jaina dharma ke samanvayAtmaka vicAra kA uccatama zikhara - anekAntavAda---- zrahiMsA kA hI carama vikAsa hai / anekAntavAda nAma yadyapi jainAcAryoM ke dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai, kintu jisa svastha dRSTikoNa kI ora yaha siddhAnta saMketa karatA hai, vaha dRSTikoNa bhArata meM AdikAla se hI vidyamAna thA / bhAratIya saMskRti meM ahiMsA evaM anekAnta : sahiSNutA, udAratA, sAmAsika saMskRti, anekAntavAda, samanvayavAda, ahiMsA aura samatA - ye saba eka hI tattva ke alaga-alaga nAma haiM / anekAntavAdI vaha hai, jo durAgraha nahIM krtaa| anekAntavAdI vaha hai, jo dUsaroM ke matoM ko bhI cAdara se dekhanA aura samajhanA cAhatA hai / anekAntavAdI vaha hai, jo apane siddhAntoM ko bhI niSpakSatA ke sAtha parakhatA hai / anekAntavAdI vaha hai, jo samajhote ko apamAna kI vastu nahIM maantaa| samrAT azoka, samrAT khAravela aura samrATa harSavardhana bauddhika dRSTi se ahiMsAvAdI aura anekAntavAdI hI the, jinhoMne eka sampradAya vizeSa meM rahakara bhI sabhI dharmoM kI samAna bhAva se sevA kI / isI prakAra madhyayuga meM samrATa akabara bhI niSpakSa satyazodhaka ke nAte anekAntavAdI thA, kyoMki parama satya ke anusandhAna ke lie usane grAjIvana prayatna kiyA thA / paramahaMsa rAmakRSNa sampradAyAtIta dRSTi se anekAntavAdI the, kyoMki hindU hote hue bhI satya ke anusandhAna ke lie unhoMne islAma aura IsAI mata kI bhI sAdhanA kI thI / aura gAndhIjI kA to eka prakAra se sArA jIvana hI hiMsA aura anekAnta ke mahApatha kA yAtrI rahA hai| merA yaha dRr3ha nizcaya hai ki hiMsA aura anekAnta ke binA tathA samatA aura samanvaya ke binA bhAratIya saMskRti cirakAla taka khar3I nahIM raha sakatI / jana-jana ke jIvana ko pAvana banAne ke lie, samatA aura samanvaya kI bar3I AvazyakatA hai| virodhoM kA parihAra karanA tathA virodha meM se bhI vinoda nikAla lenA, isI ko samanvaya kahA jAtA hai / samanvaya mAtra bauddhika siddhAnta nahIM hai, vaha to manuSyoM kI isa jIvana bhAratI kA jItA-jAgatA racanAtmaka siddhAnta hai | samatA kA artha hai - sneha, sahAnubhUti aura sadbhAva / bhalA isa samatA ke binA mAnava jAti kaise sukhI aura samRddha ho sakatI hai ? paraspara kI kaTutA aura kaThoratA ko dUra karane ke lie, samatA kI bar3I zrAvazyakatA hai| saMskRti aura sabhyatA : eka maulika vivecana : saMskRti ke svarUpa tathA usake mUla tattvoM ke sambandha meM bahuta kucha kahA jA cukA hai| aba eka prazna aura hai, jisa para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai, aura vaha prazna yaha hai ki kyA saMskRti aura sabhyatA eka hai athavA bhinna-bhinna do dRSTikoNa ? saMskRti aura sabhyatA zabdoM kA prayoga aneka arthoM meM kiyA jAtA hai / pAzcAtya vidvAn TAilara kA kathana hai ki sabhyatA aura saMskRti eka-dUsare ke paryAya haiM / vaha saMskRti ke lie sabhyatA aura paramparA zabda kA prayoga bhI karatA hai| isake viparIta prasiddha itihAsakAra TAyanavI saMskRti zabda kA prayoga karanA pasanda nahIM karatA / usane sabhyatA zabda kA prayoga hI pasanda kiyA hai| eka dUsare saMskRti aura sabhyatA 32e .
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________________ vidvAn kA kathana hai ki - " sabhyatA kisI saMskRti kI carama avasthA hotI hai / pratyeka saMskRti kI apanI eka sabhyatA hotI hai / sabhyatA saMskRti kI anivArya pariNati hai| yadi saMskRti vistAra hai, to sabhyatA kaThora sthiratA / " saMskRti kA sabase mahattvapUrNa evaM tathyamUlaka anusandhAna (anthropology ) mAnava-vijJAna zAstra meM huA hai| saMskRti kI sabase purAnI aura vyApaka paribhASA TAyalara kI hai, jo unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika caraNa meM dI gaI thI / TAyalara kI, saMskRti kI paribhASA isa prakAra hai---" saMskRti athavA sabhyatA eka vaha jaTila tattva hai, jisameM jJAna, nIti, nyAya, vidhAna, paramparA aura dUsarI una yogyatAoM aura AdatoM kA samAveza hai, jinheM manuSya sAmAjika prANI hone ke nAte prApta karatA hai / " mere vicAra meM, sabhyatA aura saMskRti eka hI sikke ke do pahalU haiM - eka bhItara kA aura dUsarA bAhara kA / saMskRti aura sabhyatA bahuta kucha usI bhAvanA ko abhivyakta karatI haiM, jise vicAra aura prAcAra kahate haiM / jIvana kA sthUla rUpa yadi sabhyatA hai, to usakA sUkSma-prAMtarika rUpa saMskRti hai / saMskRti kA AdhAra : manuSya kI pratiSThA kA mUla AdhAra, usakA apanA manuSyatva hI mAnA gayA hai / caritra, tyAga, sevA aura prema- isI AdhAra para mAnava kI mahattA tathA pratiSThA kA mahala khar3A kiyA gayA hai / para Aja lagatA hai-manuSya svayaM ina AdhAroM para vizvAsa nahIM kara rahA hai / apanI pratiSThA ko cAra cA~da lagAne ke lie, usakI dRSTi bhautika sAdhanoM para jA rahI hai, vaha dhana, sattA aura nAma ke AdhAra para apanI pratiSThA kA nayA prAsAda khar3A karanA cAha rahA | Aja mahattA ke lie ekamAtra bhautika vibhUti ko hI AdhAra mAna liyA gayA 1 Aja samAja aura rAjya ne pratiSThA kA AdhAra badala diyA hai, manuSya ke dRSTikoNa ko badala diyA hai / Aja kI saMskRti aura sabhyatA dhana aura sattA para kendrita ho gaI hai / isalie manuSya kI pratiSThA kA AdhAra bhI dhana aura sattA bana gae haiN| dhana aura sattA badalatI rahatI hai, hastAntarita hotI rahatI hai, isalie pratiSThA bhI badalatI rahatI hai| Aja jisake pAsa sone kA ambAra lagA hai, yA kahanA cAhie, noToM kA Dhera lagA hai, jisake hAtha meM sattA hai, zAsana hai, vaha yadi cAritrahIna aura durAcArI bhI hogA, to bhI use sammAna aura pratiSThA milatI rahegI, samAja usakI jaya-jayakAra karatA rahegA, saikar3oM loga usakI kursI kI parikramA karate rheNge| cUMki sArI pratiSThA usakI tijorI meM banda ho gaI hai yA kursI ke cAroM pairoM ke nIce dubakI baiThI hai| saMskRti ke ye AdhAra na to sthAyI haiM aura na sahI hI hai / dhana aura sattA ke AdhAra para prApta hone vAlI pratiSThA kabhI sthAyI nahIM hotI / vaha indradhanuSa kI taraha ekabAra apanI raMgIna chaTA se saMsAra ko mugdha bhale hI kara de, kintu kucha kAla ke bAda usakA koI astitva prAsamAna aura dharatI ke kisI kone meM nahIM mila pAtA / yadi dhana ko sthAyI pratiSThA milI hotI, to Aja saMsAra meM dhanakuberoM ke mandira bane milate / unakI pUjA hotI rahatI / brahmadatta cakravartI aura rAvaNa jaisoM kI mAlAe~ pherI jAtI, jarAsandha aura duryodhana ko saMsAra Adarza puruSa maantaa| jinakI sone kI nagarI thI, jinake pAsa apAra zakti thI, sattA thI, apane yuga meM unheM pratiSThA bhI milI thI, khyAti bhI milI thii| para yAda rakhie, pratiSThA aura khyAti milanA dUsarI bAta hai -- zraddhA milanA kucha aura bAta hai / janazraddhA use milatI hai jisake pAsa yathArtha satya evaM cAritra hotA hai / khyAti, prazaMsA aura pratiSThA krUratA se bhI mila sakatI hai, milI bhI hai, para yuga ke sAtha unakI khyAti bulabule samApta ho gae, unakI pratiSThA prAja khaMDaharoM meM soyI par3I hai / manuSya ke mana kI yaha sabase bar3I durbalatA hai ki vaha isa bAhya pratiSThA ke bahAva meM andhA hokara bahatA calA jA rahA hai / 330 tar samikkha dhammaM .
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________________ siMhAsana kI hor3a : __ maiM dekhatA hU~, siMhAsanoM kI hor3a meM manuSya aMdhA hokara calA hai / samrATa ajAtazatra bar3A hI mahattvAkAMkSI samrATa ho gayA hai| yuvAvasthA meM praveza karate hI usakI mahatvAkAMkSAe~ surasA kI bhA~ti virATa rUpa dhAraNa kara letI haiN| socatA hai-"bApa bUr3hA ho gayA hai / calatAcalatA jIvana ke kinAre pahuMca gayA hai| abhI taka to siMhAsana mujhe kabhI kA mila jAnA cAhie thaa| maiM abhI yuvaka hUM, bhujAoM meM bhI bala hai| bur3hApe meM sAmrAjya milegA, to kyA lAbha ? kaise rAjya vistAra kara sakeMgA? kaise rAmrAjya kA Ananda uThA sakU~gA?" basa, vaha rAjya ke lie bApa ko mArane kI yojanA banAtA hai| siMhAsana ke sAmane pitA ke jIvana kA koI mUlya nahIM raha jAtA hai| magadha samrATa zreNika bUr3hA ho gayA hai, para maranA to kisI ke hAtha kI bAta nhiiN| saMnyAsa le sakatA thA, kintu anta taka usane gRhasthAzrama kA tyAga kiyA nhiiN| kabhI-kabhI socA karatA hU~ ki bhArata kI yaha purAnI paramparA kitanI mahattvapUrNa thI ki vur3hApA Ane lagA, zarIra akSama hone lagA, to naI pIr3hI ke lie mArga khola diyA-"prAyo! aba tuma ise saMbhAlo, hama jAte haiN|" aura saMsAra tyAga kara ke cala die| mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne raghuvaMzI rAjAoM kA varNana karate hue yahI kahA hai-- "zaizave'bhyastavidyAnAM, yauvane viSayaiSiNAm / vArddhakye munivRttInAM, yogenAnte tanutyajAm // " raghukula ke pravuddha rAjA bacapana meM vidyAoM kA abhyAsa karate the, zAstra-vidyA sIkhate the aura zastra-vidyA bhii| yauvana kI cahala-pahala huI to vivAha karate, gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karate, nyAya aura nIti ke AdhAra para prajA kA pAlana karate / jaba javAnI Dhalane lagatI, bur3hApe kI chAyA Ane lagatI, to yaha nahIM ki rAja siMhAsana se cipaTe raheM, bhogoM meM phaMse rhe| rAja siMhAsana apane uttarAdhikArI ko sauMpA aura munivRtti svIkAra karake sAdhanA patha para cala pdd'e| gRha aura rAjya se mukta honA mAtra unakA koI dhyeya nahIM thaa| usa nivRtti meM Atma-ramaNatA aura jana-kalyANa kI sat-pravRti bhI nihita thii| tyAga kI saMskRti: jinake jIvana meM pratiSThA aura mahattA kA AdhAra tyAga, cAritra evaM prema rahA hai, ve cAhe rAjasiMhAsana para rahe yA jaMgala meM rahe, janatA ke diloM meM base rahe haiM, janatA unheM zraddhA se sira jhukAtI rahI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM janaka kA udAharaNa hamAre sAmane hai / janaka ke jIvana kA AdhAra sAmrAjya yA vaibhava nahIM rahA hai, balki tyAga, tapa, nyAyaniSThA aura janatA kI sevA rahA hai, isIlie ve janatA ke pUjya bana paae| janatA ne unakA nAma bhI 'janaka' arthAt pitA rakha diyA, jabaki vaha usakA pArivArika nAma nahIM thaa| ve rAjamahaloM meM rahe phira bhI unakA jIvana-darzana janatA ke prema meM thA, prajA kI bhalAI meM thaa| vaha vAstava meM hI prajA kA janaka arthAt pitA thaa| hamArI saMskRti dhana, aizvarya yA sattA kI pratiSThA meM vizvAsa nahIM karatI hai| hamAre yahA~ mahala aura ba~galoM meM rahane vAle mahAna nahIM mAne gae haiN| rezamI aura bahumUlya vastra pahanane vAloM kA Adara nahIM huaA hai, balki akiMcana bhikSutroM kI pratiSThA rahI hai| jhoMpar3I aura jaMgala meM rahane vAloM kI pUjA huI hai aura bilkula sAde, jIrNa-zIrNa vastra pahanane vAloM para janatA utsarga hotI rahI hai| svAmI vivekAnanda jaba amerikA meM gae, to eka sAdhAraNa saMnyAsI kI vezabhUSA meM hI ge| logoM ne unase kahA-"yaha amerikA hai, saMsAra kI ucca sabhyatA vAlA deza hai, aApa jarA ThIka se kapar3e phnie|" saMskRti aura sabhyatA 331
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________________ vivekAnanda ne isake uttara meM kahA-"ThIka hai, Apake yahA~ kI saMskRti dajiyoM kI saMskRti rahI hai, isalie Apa unhIM ke AdhAra para vastroM kI kATachAMTa evaM banAvaTa ke AdhAra para hI sabhyatA kA mUlyAMkana karate haiN| kintu jisa deza meM maiMne janma liyA hai, vahAM kI saMskRti manuSya ke nirmala cAritna evaM ucca prAdarzoM para AdhArita hai| vahA~ jIvana meM bAharI tar3akabhar3aka aura dikhAve kI pratiSThA nahIM hai, balki sAdagI aura saccAI kI pratiSThA hai|" upaniSad meM eka kathA AtI hai-eka bAra kucha RSi eka deza kI sImA ke bAharabAhara se kahIM dUra jA rahe the| samrAT ko mAlUma huA to vaha AyA aura pUchA--"Apa mere janapada ko chor3akara kyoM jA rahe haiM ? mere deza meM aisA kyA doSa hai ? "na me steno janapade, na kadaryo na madyapaH, nAnAhitAgni vidvAn, na svairI sveriNI kutaH ?" mere deza meM koI cora-ucakke nahIM hai, koI duSTa yA kRpaNa manuSya nahIM rahate haiM, zarAbI, cAritrahIna, murkha-anapar3ha bhI mere deza meM nahIM hai, to phira kyA kAraNa hai ki Apa mere deza ko yoM hI chor3akara Age jA rahe haiM ?" ____ maiM dekhatA hU~, bhAratIya rASTra kI yahI saccI tasvIra hai, jo usa yuga meM pratiSThA aura sammAna ke rUpa meM dekhI jAtI thii| jisa deza aura rASTra kI saMskRti, sabhyatA itanI mahAn hotI hai, usI kI pratiSThA aura mahattA ke mAnadaMDa saMsAra meM sadA aAdarza upasthita karate haiN| yahI saMskRti vaha saMskRti hai, jo garIbI aura amIrI donoM meM sadA prakAza detI hai| mahaloM aura jhoMpar3iyoM meM nirantara prasannatA bA~TatI rahatI hai, Ananda uchAlatI rahatI hai| jisa jIvana meM isa saMskRti ke aMkura pallavita-puSpita hote haiM, hote rahe haiM, vaha jIvana saMsAra kA prAdarza jIvana hai, mahAn jIvana hai| 332 Jain Education Interational pannA samikkhae dhamma