Sanskrut Kosh Sahitya ko Acharya Hemchandra ki Apurva Den

Author(s): Nemichandra Shastri
Publisher: Z_Hajarimalmuni_Smruti_Granth_012040.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/212107/1

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JHAITAMINTLYRICHVIAHILI | RATRUTHATANTHANIONLI zrInemicandra zAstrI pI-eca0, DI0 jaina kAleja, ArA saMskRta-koSasAhiya ko AcArya hema kI apUrva dena saMskRta-kozasAhitya kI paramparA :-saMskRta bhASA meM koSa-grantha likhane kI paramparA vaidika yuga se calI A rahI hai. nighaNTava :-nighaNTuoM kI mahattvapUrNa zabdAvalI yAska ke nirukta ke sAtha upalabdha hai. vilupta koSa-granthoM meM bhAgurikRta koza kA nAma sarvaprathama AtA hai.' amarakoSa kI TIkA meM bhAguri ke prAcIna uddharaNa upalabdha hote haiM. bhAnuji dIkSita ne apanI amarakozaTIkA meM AcArya Apizala kA eka vacana UddhRta kiyA hai.2 jisase spaSTa hai ki unhoMne bhI koI koSagrantha likhA hai. uNAdisUtra ke dRttikAla ujjvayaladatta dvArA uddhRta eka vacana se bhI ukta tathya kI puSTi hotI hai. Apizala vaiyAkaraNa the, inakA sthiti kAla pANini se pUrva hai. kezava ne nAnArthArNava saMkSepa meM zAkaTAyana ke kozaviSayaka vacana UddhRta kiye haiM, jinase inake kozakAra hone kI saMbhAvanA hai. abhidhAna cintAmaNi Adi kozagranthoM kI vibhinna TIkAoM meM vyADikRta kisI vilupta koza ke uddharaNa milate haiM. kItha ne apane saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM nAmamAlA ke karttA kAvyAyana, zabdArNava ke racayitA vAcaspati aura saMsArAvarta ke lekhaka vikramAditya kA ullekha kiyA hai.5 upalabdha kozagranthoM meM sabase prAcIna aura khyAtiprApta amarasiMha kA amarakoza hai. DaoN0 hArnale ne isakA racanAkAla 625-640 I0 ke vIca mAnA hai. yaha samAnArtha zabdoM kA saMgraha hai aura viSaya kI dRSTi se isakA vinyAsa tIna kANDoM meM kiyA gayA hai. isakI aneka TIkAoM meM gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM likhI gayI kSIrasvAmI kI TIkA bahuta prasiddha hai. isake pariziSTa ke rUpa meM saMkalita puruSottamadeva kA trikANDazeSa hai, jisameM unhoMne virala zabdoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai. kavi aura vaiyAkaraNa ke rUpa meM khyAtiprApta halAyudha ne abhidhAnaratnamAlA nAmaka kozagrantha I0 san 650 ke lagabhaga likhA hai. isameM paryAyavAcI samAnArthaka zabdoM kA saMkalana hai. dAkSiNAtya prAcArya yAdava ne vaijJAnika paddhati para vaijayantI koza likhA hai. navIM zatI ke vidvAn dhanaJjaya ne nAmamAlA, anekArthanAmamAlA aura anekArthanighaNTu ye tIna kozagrantha likhe haiM, ye tInoM koza chAtropayogI, sarala aura sundara zailI meM likhe gaye haiM. koza sAhitya kI samRddhi kI dRSTi se bArahavIM zatAbdI mahattvapUrNa hai. isa zatI meM kezavasvAmI ne nAnArthArNavasaMkSepa evaM zabdakalpadruma, mahezvara ne vizvaprakAza, abhayapAla ne nAnArtha ratnamAlA aura bhairava kavi ne anekArthakoSa kI racanA kI hai. isI zatAbdI ke mahAvidvAn AcArya hemacandra ne abhidhAnacintAmaNi, anekArthasaMgraha evaM nighaNTuzeSa kI racanA kI hai. 1. sarvAnandaviracita TIkAsarvasva bhAga 1 pR0 163. 2. amaraTIkA za66 pR0 68. 3. abhidhAnacintAmaNi-caukhambA saMskaraNa prastAvanA pR0 6. 4. abhidhAnacintAmaNi 115, 34/22 aura 25. 5. kItha-saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa pR0 486. Jain Education Person elibrary.org

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Jain Boll nemicandra zAstrI : saMskRta koSasAhitya ko AcArya hema kI apUrva dena : 765 caudahavIM zatAbdI meM medinikara ne anekArthazabdakoza, harihara ke mantrI irupada daNDAdhinAtha ne nAnArtharatnamAlA aura zrIdharasena ne vizvalocana koza likhA hai. satrahavIM zatI meM kezava daivajJa ne kalpadruma aura appaya dIkSita ne nAmasaMgrahamAlA evaM vedAMgarAya ne pArasIprakAza koza kI racanA kI hai. inake atirikta mahipa kA anekArthatilaka, zrImalla bhaTTa kA AkhyAtacandrikA, mahAdeva vedAntI kA anAdikoza, saurabhI kA ekArthanAmamAlA -dvayakSaranAmamAlA koza, rAghava kavi kA kozAvataMsa, bhoja kA nAmamAlA koza, zAhajI kA zabdaratnasamuccaya, karNapUra kA saMskRta - pArasIkaprakAza evaM zivadatta kA vizvakoza upayogI saMskRta kozagraMtha haiM. zrAcArya hema kA mahatva aura unakI aitihAsika sAmagrI - hemacandra ke saMskRtakozagraMtha sAhitya kI amUlya nidhi haiM. inake granthoM meM bhASA, vijJAna, itihAsa, saMskRti evaM sAhitya sambandhI mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI saMkalita hai. abhidhAnacintAmaNi kI svopajJati meM inhoMne apane pUrvakarmI 56 kAroM aura 31 graMthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai. yathA amara [55 17 tathA 21]'. amarAdi [276-21, 21-14] alaMkAra [112-13] Agamavid [70-14] utpa [74-14] kArava [26.10,12-0] ki [550/4] kAlidAsa [ 413-2, 440 16], kauTilya [70-4,296-2]. kauzika [166- 13,170-28] kSIrasvAmI [350-6, 461-17[, gauDa [36-26, 53 - 3], cANakya [ 394-5] cAndra [520-25] danti [121-122,463-3] durga [57-20, 174-27] mila[151-7, 201-27], dhanapAla [1-5,76-21], dhanvantari [166-20,259-7] nandI [52-53] nArada [257-1814-18186-6] padArtha 208-22]. pAlakAya [465-27], paurANika [373-6] prAcya [20-26], buddhisAgara 245-25] bauddha [101-17] bhaTTatota [24-17], bhaTTi [ 563-23], bharata [117-9] bhAguri [ 66-14], bhASkAra [66-23], bhoja [157-17], manu [ 63-11], mAgha [ 62-17], muni [171-18] yAjJavalkya [336-2] yAjJika [103-6] laukika [378-23], vAgbhaTa [167 - 1], vAcaspati [16], vAsuki [15] vizvadatta [46-8 ], vaijayantIkAra [131-23], vaidya [166-28], byADa [15] zAbdika [43-7] [6407] zrIharSa [118-7] buliza [332-27] sabhya [134-1]. smArta [201210] [144-15] evaM hRdaya [453-27] ina graMthakAroM ke atirikta amarakoza [8-5] amarIkA 45-13]. [amaramAlA [440-32] amarazeSa [153- 20], arthazAstra] [217-25] dhAtRpArAyaNa [1-11] bhArata [226-13] mahAbhArata] [61-23], vAmanapurANa [46.21], viSNupurANa [62-19] zAkaTAyana [21] evaM smRti [35-27] Adi 31 graMthoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai. jahAM zabdoM ke artha meM matabheda upasthita hotA hai, vahA~ AcArya hema anya graMtha tathA graMthakAroM ke vacana uddhRta kara usa matabheda kA spaSTIkaraNa karate haiM. phalataH prasaMgavaza aneka graMtha aura graMthakAroM ke sambandha meM paryApta jAnakArI kI sAmagrI vartamAna hai. vilupta kozakAra bhAgurI aura vyADi ke sambandha meM abhidhAna cintAmaNi se hI tathyoM kI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai. navIna zabdoM kA saMkalana - abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM isa prakAra ke zabda pracura parimANa meM Aye haiM, jo anya kozagraMthoM meM nahIM milate. amarakoza meM sundara ke paryAyavAcI sundaram ruciram cAruH suSamam sAdhuH zobhanam kAntam manoramam, rucyam, manojJam, maMjuH aura maMjulam ye bAraha zabda Aye haiM. hema ne isI sundaram ke paryAyavAcI cAruH, hAri ruciram, manoharam vastu, kAntam abhirAmam vandhuram, vAmam, rucyam, zuSamam zobhanam, maMjulam, maMju, mano " ram sAdhu ramya manoramam, pezanam, hRyam kAmyam, kamanIyam, saumyam madhuram aura priyam ye 26 zabda batalAye J haiM. itanA hI nahIM hema ne apanI vRtti meM 'laDaha' dezI zabda ko bhI sauMdaryavAcI grahaNa kiyA hai. amarakoza ke sAtha tulanA karate hue kucha zabdoM ke paryAyoM kA nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai. 1. abhidhAnacintAmaNi ke bhAvanagara saMskaraNa ke pRSTha aura paMkti nirdiSTa haiM. J wiwiwin vivin

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wwww 766 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti grantha : caturtha adhyAya nAma sUrya kiraNa candra ziva gaurI brahmA viSNu agni Jain Educommended amarakoza kI paryAyasaMkhyA 37 11 20 48 17 20 36 34 abhidhAnacintAmaNi kI paryAyasaMkhyA 72 36 32 77 32 40 75 51 paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI sakhyAdhikya ke atirikta aise navIna zabda bhI samAviSTa haiM, jo saMskRti aura sAhitya ke lie vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM. isa koza meM jisake varNa yA pada lupta hoM - jisakA pUrA-pUrA uccAraNa nahIM kiyA gayA ho usa vacana kA nAma 'grastam' aura thUkasahita vacana kA nAma 'ambUkRtam' AyA hai. zubhavANI- kalyANaprada vacana kA nAma 'kalyA', harSa-krIr3A se yukta vacana ke nAma 'carcarI' aura 'carmarI' evaM nindApUrvaka upAlambhayukta vacana kA nAma 'paribhASaNa' AyA hai. jale hue bhAta ke lie missaTA [3 60] aura dagdhikA nAma Aye haiM. gehUM ke ATe ke lie samitA [3-66 ] aura jau ke ATe ke lie cikkasa [3-66 ] nAma Ae haiM. nAka kI vibhinna banAvaTa vAle vyaktiyoM ke vibhinna nAmoM kA ullekha bhI isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki AcArya hema ko mAnavazAstra kI kitanI adhika jAnakArI thI. inhoMne cipaTI nAkavAle ko natanAsika, avanATa, avaTITa aura avamraTa, nukIlI nAkavAle ko kharaNAsa, choTI nAkavAle ko naHkSudra aura kSudranAsika, khura ke samAna bar3I nAkavAle ko khuraNasa evaM UMcI nAkavAle ko unnasa aura ugranAsika kahA hai. " nRtattvavijJAna kA adhyayana karanevAle zarIra ke anya aMgopAMgoM ke sAtha nAka evaM kezaracanA ko vizeSa mahattva dete haiM to mAnavasamUhoM ke prajAtIya vargIkaraNa ke lie zarIra ke vibhinna aMgoM kI nApajokha raktasamUhavizleSaNa, mAMsapeziyoM kA gaThana, tvacA, AMkha aura keza ke raMga evaM keza racanA kA upayoga karate haiM, para nAka aura AMkha kI banAvaTa pramukha sthAna rakhatI hai. hema ne isa dRSTi se maMgolaoNyaDa, kAkesAyaDa, aphrIkI nIgraoNyaDa, melAneziyana aura pAlIneziyana prajAtiyoM ke mAnavoM kA citra upasthita kara diyA hai. aMgopAMgoM ke vibhinna nAmoM ke vivecana se yaha sahaja meM avagata kiyA jA sakatA hai ki hema ko nRtattvajJAna kI gaharI jAnakArI thI. 1. pati-putra se hIna strI ke lie nirA [1-124] jisa strI ko dAr3hI yA mUMcha ke bAla ho, usako naramAlinI [3-115/vahI zAlI ke lie kula [3-216] aura choTI vAlI ke lie hAjI, yantraNI aura kelikuMcikA [3-211] nAma Aye haiM. choTI zAlI ke ina nAmoM ko dekhane se avagata hotA hai ki usa samaya meM choTI zAlI ke sAtha ha~sI-majAka karane kI prathA thI. sAtha hI patnI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt choTI zAlI se vivAha bhI kiyA jAtA thA. isI kAraNa ise kelikuMcikA kahA gayA hai. dAhinI aura bAyIM A~khoM ke lie pRthak-pRthak zabda isI koza meM Aye haiM. dAhinI AMkha kA nAma mAnavIya aura bAyIM AMkha kA nAma saumya [3-240] kahA gayA hai. isI prakAra jIbha ke maila ko kulukam aura dAMta ke maila ko pippikA [2-226] kahA gayA hai ke paMkhe kA nAma pavitram, kapar3e ke paMkhe kA nAma AlAvartam evaM tAr3a ke paMkhe kA nAma vyajanam [3-351-52] AyA hai. nAva ke bIcavAle DaNDoM kA nAma poliMdA, UparavAle bhAga kA nAma maMga evaM nAva ke bhItara jame hue pAnI ko bAhara pheMkanevAle camar3e ke pAtra kA nAma sekapAtra yA secana [3-542 ] batAyA hai. ye zabda apane bhItara sA~skRtika itihAsa bhI sameTe hue haiM. chappara chAne ke lie lagAyI gaI lakar3I kA nAma gopAnasI [4-75], jisa 1. abhidhAnacintAmaNi 3 / 115. yary.org

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Jain Edu nemicandra zAstrI saMskRta kopasAhitya ko AcArya hema kI apUrNa dena 737 meM bAMdhakara mathAnI ghumAyI jAtI hai, usa khambhe kA nAma viSkambha [4-89], sikkA Adi rUpa meM pariNata sonA-cAMdI, tAMbA Adi saba dhAtuoM kA nAma rUpyam, mizrita sonA-cAMdI kA nAma ghanagolaka [4-112-113], kUMA ke Upara rassI bAMdhane ke lie kASTha Adi kI banI huI carakhI kA nAma taMtrikA [4-157 ], ghara ke pAsa vAle bagIce kA nAma niSkuTa, gAMva yA nagara ke bAharavAle bagIce kA nAma pauraka [4-178 ], krIr3A ke lie banAye gae bagIce kA nAma AkrIDa yA udyAna [4-178 ], rAjAoM ke antaHpura ke yogya ghire hue bagIce kA nAma pramadavana [4-179 ], dhanikoM ke bagIce kA nAma puSpavATI yA vRkSavATI [4-171] evaM choTe bagIce kA nAma budvArAma yA prasIdikA [4-0179] AyA hai. prasAdhanasAmagrI sUcaka zabdAvali - abhidhAnacintAmaNi kA jahA~ aneka dRSTiyoM se mahattva hai, vahAM prAcIna bhArata meM prayukta hone vAlI vibhinna prakAra kI prasAdhanasAmagrI kI dRSTi se bhI isa koza meM zarIra ko saMskRta karane ko parikarma ( 3 / 266), ubaTana lagAne ko utsAdana ( 3 / 266 ), kasturI - ku kama kA lepa lagAne ko aMgarAga; candana agara, kastUrI aura kukuma ke mizraNa ko catuHsamam; karpUra agara kaMkola, kastUrI aura candanadrava ko mizrita kara banAye gaye lepavizeSa ko yakSakardama evaM zarIrasaMskArArtha lagAye jAnevAle lepa kA nAma varti yA gAtrAnulepanI kahA gayA hai. mastaka para dhAraNa kI jAne vAlI phUla kI mAlA kA nAma mAlyam, bAloM ke bIca meM sthApita phUla kI mAlA kA nAma garbha coTI meM laTakanevAlI phUloM kI mAlA kA nAma prabhraSTakam, sAmane laTakatI huI puSpamAlA kA nAma lalAmakam, chAtI para tirdhI laTakatI huI puSpamAlA kA nAma vaikakSam, kaNTha se chAtI para sIdhe laTakatI huI phUloM kI mAlA kA nAma prAlambam, zira para lapeTI huI mAlA kA nAma ApIDa, kAna para laTakatI huI mAlA kA nAma avataMsa evaM striyoM ke jur3e meM lagI huI mAlA kA nAma bAlapAzyA AyA hai." isI prakAra, kAna, kaNTha, gardana, hAtha, paira, kamara Adi vibhinna aMgoM meM dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle AbhUSaNoM ke aneka nAma Aye haiM. ina nAmoM se avagata hotA hai ki zarIra ko sajAne kI prathA kisa-kisa rUpa meM pracalita thI. prasAdhanasAmagrI meM vibhinna prakAra ke vastrAbhUSaNoM sAtha nAnA prakAra ke sugandhita padArtha bhI parigaNita the. rezamI, sUtI aura UnI vastroM ke upayoga karane ke vibhinna tarIke jJAta the. vastra tvak tIsI, sana Adi kI chAla, phala- kapAsa, krimi-rezama ke kIr3e Adi evaM roma - bher3oM kI Una yA UMToM kI Una se taiyAra kiye jAte the. Taga hariNa ke roma se bhI vastra taiyAra kiye jAte the. isa prakAra ke vastroM ko zaMkavam kahA hai. sAr3I ke nIce striyAM sAyA peTIkoTa bhI pahanatI thIM, AcArya hema ne isa koza meM dhanika aura uttamakula kI mahilAoM ke dvArA sAr3I ke nIce dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle peTIkoTa ke caNDAtakam aura calanaka ye do nAma likhe haiN| sAmAnya parivAra kI striyAM jisa peTIkoTa ko pahanatI thIM, usakA nAma calatI kahA 6 pika evaM hai. blAuja bhI aneka prakAra ke upayoga meM lAye jAte the tathA inake sIne ke bhI aneka tarIke pracalita the. unake cola, nAma vasyoM kI vividhatA ke sAtha sIne ke prakAroM para bhI prakAza DAlate haiM. palaMgapoza kA rivAja bhI samAja meM thA, sUtI palaMgapoza, jo ki gadde ke Upara bichAyA jAtA thA, nicola kahalAtA ( 3 / 340 ) thA. sAdhAraNataH bichAne ke kAma meM AnevAlI cAdara pracchadapaTa ( 3 / 340 ) kahI jAtI thI. nicula ( 3 / 340 ) usa palaMgapoza kA nAma hai jo dhanika aura sampanna vyaktiyoM ke yahA~ upayoga meM lAyA jAtA thA. yaha rezamI hotA thA. isake Upara kArIgarI bhI kI jAtI thI, sAdhAraNa aura madhyamakoTi ke vyakti jisa cAdara kA upayoga karate the, uttaracchada ( 3 / 340 ) kahA hai. use 1. dekheM- kANDa 3 zloka 314-321. 2. dekheM --- kANDa 3 zloka 320-321. 3. tvakkalakimiromamyaH saMbhavAccaturvidham - 31332. 4. abhighAta cintAmaNi 3/333. 5. vahI 3 / 338. 6. vahI 31338. 7. vahI 3 338. brary.org

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718 : muni zrIhajArImala ramRti-grantha : caturtha adhyAya pAjAmA, aMgarakhA yA burkA kA nAma AprapadIna (3 / 342) AyA hai. isase spaSTa hai ki prasAdhanasAmagrI meM pajAmA bhI A cukA thA. jAlIdAra kapar3e bhI kAma meM lAye jAte the, inheM zANI aura goNI (3 / 343) kahA hai. pairoM ko mojA yA paitAbA pahanakara sajAyA jAtA thA. ataH maujA kA nAma anupadInA (31576) AyA hai. puSpoM se bhI zarIra kA prasAdhana kiyA jAtA thA, isa prasAdhana ke bhI aneka nAma Aye haiM. guladaste bhI upayoga meM lAye jAte the. hema ke gucchoM ke nAmoM meM AyA huA guluJcha (4 / 162) zabda guladaste kA hI vAcaka hai. bhASAvijJAnasambandhI sAmagro-bhASAvijJAna ko dRSTi se yaha koza bar3A mUlyavAn hai. AcArya hema ne isameM jina zabdoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai, una para prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM anya dezI bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA pUrNata: prabhAva lakSita hotA hai. usake aneka zabda to Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM meM dikhalAyI par3ate haiM. kucha aise zabda haiM, jo bhASAvijJAna ke samIkaraNa, viSamIkaraNa Adi siddhAntoM se prabhAvita haiM. yahA~ udAharaNArtha kucha zabda uddhata kiye jAte haiM[1] polikA [3|62]-gujraatii meM poNI, brajabhASA meM ponI, aura bhojapurI meM piunI tathA hindI meM piunI. [2] modako laDukazca [zeSa 3|64]-hindii meM laDDU, gujarAtI meM lADu, aura rAjasthAnI meM lADU. [3] coTI [3 / 336] -hindI meM coTI, gujarAtI meM coNI, rAjasthAnI meM cor3I yA cuNikA aura bhojapurI meM cuTiyA. [4] samo kandukagenduko [3 / 353] -hindI meM geMda, brajabhASA meM ginda yA giMda, aura bhojapurI meM giMda yA geMda. [5] heriko gUDhapuruSaH [3|367]-brjbhaassaa meM hera yA heranA-dekhanA, gujarAtI meM hera. [6] taravAri [3 / 446] -brajabhASA meM taravAra, rAjasthAnI aura pUrvI boliyoM meM talavAra tathA gujarAtI meM taravAra. [7] jaMgalo nirjala: [4|16]--brjbhaassaa, hindI aura sabhI dezI boliyoM meM jaMgala. [8] suruMgA tu sandhilA syAd gUDhamArgoM bhuvo'ntare [4151]-brajabhASA, hindI, gujarAtI aura sabhI pUrvI boliyoM meM suraMga. TE] nizreNI tvadhirohiNI [476]-brajabhASA meM nasenI, gujarAtI meM nIsaraNI, bhojapurI meM sIr3hI, magahI meM nisenI tathA pAlI meM bhI nisenI rUpa AyA hai. [10] cAlanI titau [4 / 84] brajabhASA, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI meM cAlanI, hindI meM calanI yA chananI. [11] peTA syAnmaJjUSA [4|81]-raajsthaanii meM peTI gujarAtI meM peTI yA peTo aura brajabhASA meM piTArI, peTI. [12] parivAraH parigrahaH [3|376]-hindii meM parivAra, pUrvI boliyoM meM parivAra aura rAjasthAnI meM paDivAra yA parivADa. vyutpattimUlaka vizeSatAe~-[1] maMkyate maNDyate vapuranena mukuraH, AtmA dRzyate'nenAtmadarzaH, AdRzyate rUpamasminnAdarza:, dRpyantye'nena suveSA iti darpaNaH [3|348]-jiske dvArA zarIra ko suzobhita kiyA jAya arthAt jisameM apanI pratikati kA avalokana kara maNDana--prasAdhana kiyA jAya use mukura, jisameM apanA svarUpa dekhA jAya use Atmadarza, pUrNa rUpa se acchI taraha jisameM apanA rUpa dekhA jAya use Adarza aura jisameM apanI pratikRti dekhakara apane veSa ko susajjita kiyA jAya tathA AkarSaka banAyA jAya use darpaNa kahate haiM. darpaNa meM apanI veSa-bhuSA dekhakara gauravajanya AnandAnubhUti hotI hai, yaha darpaNa zabda kI vyutpatti se spaSTa hai. mukura, Atmadarza, Adarza aura darpaNa ye cAroM darpaNa ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiM, kintu vyutpatti kI dRSTi se ina zabdoM ke artha meM maulika antara hai. (2) nakSati gacchati vyomanIti nakSatra', na kSadati prabhAmiti nakSatram. taratIti tArakA, tarantyanayA tArA dyotate jyotiH bhAti bhaM, bhA vidyate'syeti vA iyati khamiti uDuH, gRhyate iti grahaH, dhuSNoti pragalbhate nizIti viSNyam. arjate gacchati RtaM, RNoti tama iti vA (2 / 21) * lio * * * * * * * * n e- * * * * * * one monale Maint a T . . . . . . . . . i . . . . l.. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..rla . . . . . . . . b haistsI... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d.dinelibrary.org . . . . . .

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nemicandra zAstrI : saMskRta koSasAhitya ko prAcArya hema kI apUrva dena : 761 nakSatra ke nau nAmoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue unakI vyutpattiyA~ dekara artha sambandhI sUkSmatAoM para bahuta sundara prakAza DAlA gayA hai. jo AkAza meM gamana kare athavA jinakI prabhA-kAMti kA saMvaraNa kabhI na ho vaha nakSatra hai. jo AkAza meM tairatA hai, vaha tArakA nakSatra hai. jisake dvArA AkAza kA atikramaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha tArA hai. jisameM prakAza vidyamAna hai vaha jyoti, jisameM krAMti ho athavA jo camakatA yA TimaTimAtA ho vaha bha hai. AkAza meM ur3ane ke kAraNa uDu, grahaNa hone ke kAraNa graha, rAtri meM prakAzita hone ke kAraNa dhiSNya aura sIdhA gamana karane ke kAraNa RkSa athavA andhakAra kA dhvaMsa karane se RkSa kahA jAtA hai. nakSatra ke nAmoM kI vyutpattiyA~ amarakoSa kI TIkAoM meM bhI AyI haiM, kiMtu AcArya hema ne RkSa, nakSatra aura bha kI vyutpatti meM apanA eka nayA dRSTikoNa upasthita kiyA hai. (3) veveSTi vyApnoti vizvaM viSNuH, harati pApaM hariH, hRSIkANAmindriyANAmIzo vazitA hRSIkezaH, prazastAH kezAH santyasya kezavaH, indramupagato'nujatvAd upendraH, viSvak sarvavyApinI viSUcI vA senA'sya viSvaksenaH, narA Apo bhUtAni vA tAnyayate nArAyaNaH, narasya apatyaM nArAyaNaH, adhaH kRtvA'kSANondriyANi jAto'dhokSajaH adho'kSANAM jitendriyANAM jAyate pratyakSIbhavati vA, akSajaM jJAnamadho'syeti vA, gAM bhuvaM vindati govindaH, muJcati pApino mukundaH, mAyA lakSmyA dhavo bhartA mAdhavaH madhorapatyaM vA ; vizvaM vibharti vizvaMbharaH, jayati daityAn jinaH, trayo viziSTAH kramAH sRSTisthitipralayalakSaNAH zaktayo'sya trivikramaH, triSu lokeSu vikramaH pAdavinyAso'syeti vA, jahAti muJcati pAdAMguSThAd gaMgAmiti jala, vanamAlA'styasya vanamAlI, puNDarIke iva akSiNI asya puNDarIkAkSaH (2 / 132) AcArya hema ne viSNu ke 75 nAma batalAye haiM aura svopajJavRtti meM sabhI nAmoM kI vyutpattiyAM aMkita kI gaI haiM. uparyukta sandarbha meM kucha hI nAmoM kI vyutpattiyAM dI jA rahI haiM. ina vyutpattiyoM ke anusAra jo saMsAra ko vyApta karatA hai, vaha viSNu hai. pApa ko naSTa karane ke kAraNa hari, indriyoM kA vijayI hone ke kAraNa hRSIkeza, prazasta kezavAlA hone se kezava, indra kA anuja hone se upendra, vizva-vyApinI senA rakhane ke kAraNa viSvaksena, jala meM rahane se nArAyaNa, nara kA putra hone se nArAyaNa, iMdriyajJAna ko tiraskRta kara atIdriya, jJAna kA dhArI hone se adhokSaja, pRthvI kI rakSA karane ke kAraNa goviMda, pApa ko chur3Ane se mukunda, lakSmI kA pati hone se mAdhava, vizva-saMsAra kA bharaNa karanevAlA hone se vizvaMbhara, daityoM ko jItane ke kAraNa jina, sRSTi kI utpatti, sthiti aura pralaya rUpa tInoM zaktiyoM se yukta hone se trivikrama athavA tInoM lokoM meM pAdanyAsa karane se trivikrama, paira ke aMgUThe se gaMgA nadI ko pravAhita karane ke kAraNa jahna:, vanamAlA gale meM rahane se vanamAlI aura puNDarIka ke samAna netra hone se puNDarIkAkSa viSNu ko kahA jAtA hai. viSNu ke nAmoM kI ina vyutpattiyoM meM itihAsa aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se aneka nayI bAtoM kA samAveza huA hai. (4) zicyate varNaviveko'nayA zikSA. karmaNAM siddharUpaH prayogaH kalpyate'vagamyate'nena kalpaH. vyAkriyante'nvAkhyAyante zabdA anena vyAkaraNam. chAdyate'nena prastArAd bhUriticchandaH. jyotiSAM grahANAM gatijJAnaheturgrantho jyotiH jyotiSam. varNAgamAdibhinirvacanaM niruktiH niruktam (2 / 164). SaDaMga kI vyutpattiyAM prastuta karate hue AcArya hema ne SaDaMga kA svarUpa kitane spaSTa aura vistRta rUpa se upasthita kiyA hai, yaha sahaja meM jAnA jA sakatA hai. jisake dvArA varNaviveka-varNoccAraNa, vargoM kA sthAna, prayatna Adi avagata ho, use zikSA kahate haiM. karmoM kA siddhasvarUpa jinake dvArA jJAta kiyA jAya ve kalpa haiM. isase spaSTa hai ki kalpasUtroM kI AdhArazilA karmakANDa hai tathA hindUdharma ke samasta karma, saMskAra, nikhila anuSThAna aura samasta saMskRti evaM azeSa kriyAkAMDa ko samajhane ke lie ekamAtra AdhAra ye kalpagraMtha hI haiM. prakRti aura pratyaya ke vibhAga dvArA zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karane ko vyAkaraNa kahate haiM. dhAtu aura pratyaya ke saMzleSaNa evaM vizleSaNa dvArA bhASA ke Antarika gaThana ke vicAra ko bhI isa vyutpatti meM sameTa liyA gayA hai. zabdoM kI vyutpatti evaM unakI prANavanta prakiyA ke rahasya kA udghATana bhI ukta vyutpatti meM zAmila hai. jisake prastAra se pRthvI ko AcchAdita kiyA jA sake, use chanda kahate haiM. isa vyutpatti meM piMgalAcArya kI samasta bhUmaNDala ko vyApta karanevAlI kathA bhI A gaI hai. jisa graMtha se grahoM kI gati ora sthiti = * * * * * * ** * * ** * ** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .... .. JainEditDAI.... . . . . . . . . . . . / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ... ..... ... . . . . . iTTTTTTTTRiii . . Hivi library.org

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800 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : caturtha adhyAya wwwww kA jJAna prApta kiyA jAya, use jyotiSa kahate haiM. varNAgama varNalopa varNavikAra Adi ke dvArA jisakA nirvacana upasthita kiyA jAya use nirukti kahate haiM. 1. pratyakSAgamAbhyAmIkSitasya pazcAdIkSaNaM anvIkSA sA prayojanamasyAmAnvIkSikI. purApi na navaM purANam (2 / 165. 166). TIkayati gamayatyarthAn TIkA suSamANAM viSamANAM ca nirantaraM vyAkhyA yasyAM sa tathA. paJcyante vyaktIkriyante padArthA anayA pajicakA, pRSodarAditvAd jatve paJjikA arthAt viSamANyeva padAni bhanakti padabhabjikA (21170). nibadhyate vizeSo'smin nibandhaH (2 / 171). prahelayati abhiprAyaM sUcayati prahelikA (2 / 173), pratyakSa aura Agama ke dvArA avagata kara lene ke pazcAt tarka Adi ke dvArA viSaya ko jAnanA anvIkSA hai aura yaha anvIkSA jisakA prayojana hai use AnvIkSikI vidyA kahA jAtA hai. purANa sadA hI purAtana rahate haiM, jinakA viSaya prAcIna samaya meM bhI nayA na rahe, use purANa kahate haiM. kisI graMtha ke sAdhAraNa yA asAdhAraNa pratyeka zabda kI nirantara vyAkhyA ko TIkA kahate haiM. viSamapadoM ko spaSTa karane vAlI vyAkhyA kA nAma paJjikA hai. jisameM vizeSa viSaya ko nibaddha kiyA jAya, use nibandha kahate haiM. jisa padya kA artha pUrvApara viruddha pratIta hotA ho, parantu vizeSa anusandhAna karane se aviruddha artha nikale, use prahelikA yA pahelI kahate haiM. 6. badhnAti snehaH bandhuH (31224), vigRhyate rogAdibhiriti vigrahaH (21227) UrdhvaM milati dhammillaH (31234). kezAnAM veSe racanAyAM kUyate kavarI (2 / 234). palati yAti zvetatvaM pAkAt palitaM (3 / 235). bhAlyate paribhApyate zubhAzubhamatra bhAlam (3 / 237.) sneha ke kAraNa jo bandhana utpanna kare use bandhu kahate haiM. bandhu zabda kA vyutpattimUlaka yahI artha hai ki jo snehabandha kA kAraNa hai, vahI bandhu hai. jo sneha utpanna nahIM karatA hai, vaha bandhu nahIM kahA jA sakatA. roga Adi ke dvArA jo vikRta kiyA jAtA hai, vaha vigraha arthAt zarIra kahalAtA hai. zarIra ko roga Adi nitya jIrNa karate rahate haiM. 7. dhammilla usa kezaracanA kA nAma hai, jo jaTAjUTa kI taraha Upara kI ora milatI hai arthAt bAloM ko Upara kI ora ekatra kara bAMdhanA dhammilla hai. yaha kezaracanA atyanta sAvadhAnI pUrvaka kI jAtI hai. kezoM ko sajAkara veNI ke rUpa meM bAMdhanA kavarI hai. kavarI aura dhammilla ye donoM hI prakAra kezaracanA ke haiM. mahilAe~ ina donoM prakAra kI kezaracanAe~ karatI thIM. 8. pakakara zveta hue bAloM ko palita keza kahA gayA hai. jisa prakAra dhAna kI phasala pakakara samApta ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra samaya ke prabhAva se keza bhI zveta ho jAte haiM. 6. bhAla-mastaka-lalATa use kahate haiM, jisake adhyayana se zubhAzubha ko kahA jA sake. hAtha, paira aura lalATa ke adhyayana se zubhAzubha ke phalapratipAdana kI praNAlI prAcIna kAla se bhArata meM pracalita hai. ataH bhAla-lalATa kI vyutpatti AcArya ne yaha kI hai--yoM to 'lalate'trAlaMkAro lalATam' arthAt jahA~ alaMkAra suzobhita ho, use lalATa kahate haiM. 10. oSTha kI vyutpati karate hue likhA hai-"uSyate tIcaNAhAreNa poSThaH' arthAt-tIkSaNa AhAra se jo avagata ho aura usakI anubhUti jise nirantara hotI rahe, use oSTha kahate haiM. 11. bhASyate bhASA 2|115-bhaassnn yA kathana ko bhASA kahate haiM. suSTu yA samantAt adhIyate svAdhyAyaH 2|163acchii taraha adhyayana karane ko svAdhyAya kahate haiM. 12. avati vighnAd om avyayam 2|164---vighnoN se rakSA karane vAlA 'om' hotA hai. yaha om avyaya hai. 13. na zriyaM lAti-azlIlam-na zrIrasyAstIti vA 2|180--jiske AcaraNa se kalyANa utpanna na ho, use azlIla kahate haiM. Jain Education intense PersoUse Only

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he www nemicandra zAstrI : saMskRta koSasAhitya ko prAcArya hema kI apUrva dena : 801 14. niyataM drAntIndriyANi asyAM nidrA 2|227-jismeN nizcita rUpa se indriyoM ko zrAnti-vizrAma mile, vaha nidrA hai. 15. paNDate jAnAti iti paNDitaH, paNDA buddhiH saMjAtA asyeti 3|5--jo hitAhita ko jAnatA hai athavA jisameM viveka-buddhi utpanna ho jAtI hai, vaha paNDita hai. 16. chyati chinatti mUrkhaduSTavittAni iti chekaH / vizeSeNa mUrkhacittaM dahati iti. 17. vidagdhaH 3 / 7 jo mUrkha kI mUrkhatA ko dUra karatA hai, vaha cheka hai aura jo vizeSarUpa se mUrkhatA ko jalAtA hai, naSTa karatA hai, vaha vidagdha hai. 18. vAti gacchati naraM vAmA yadvA viparItalakSaNayA zRMgArikhedanAdvA 3|168-jo nara-puruSa ko prApta ho athavA viparIta lakSaNA ke dvArA jo zRMgAra dvArA kheda ko prApta kare arthAt jo kAma-saMbhogAdi meM pravINa ho, use vAmA kahate haiM. 16. vigato dhavo bhartA asyAH vidhavA 3|194--jiske pati kA svargavAsa ho gayA hai athavA jisake sukha-kAma-bhoga ke dina vyatIta ho gaye hoM, vaha vidhavA hai. 20. dadhate baliSThatAM dadhi 3|70---jo bala utpanna karatA hai athavA jisa ke sevana se bala prApta hotA hai, vaha dadhi hai. 21. yevyate veSThyate tRNaparNAdibhiratyuTajaH 4|60-tinke aura pattoM se jise chAyA jAya, vaha uTaja hai. 22. vezyA''cAryaH pIThamardaH-vezyA''cAryo vezyAnAM nattodhyAyaH 21244-vezyA ko nRtta sikhalAne vAlA pIThamarda hai. nRtta usa nAca ko kahate haiM, jisameM nartaka na gAtA hai aura na bajAtA hai, kevala mudrA-bhAva-bhaMgimAoM ke dvArA nRtya prastuta karatA hai. aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke banAne kA vidhAna :---AcArya hema ne bhI dhanaJjaya ke samAna zabdayoga se aneka paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke banAne kA vidhAna kiyA hai, kintu isa vidhAna meM unhIM zabdoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai, jo kavisampradAya dvArA pracalita aura prayukta haiM. jaise pativAcaka zabdoM meM kAntA, priyatamA, badhU, praNayinI evaM nibhA zabdoM ko yA inake samAna anya zabdoM ko jor3a dene se patnI ke nAma aura kalatravAcaka zabdoM meM vara, ramaNa, praNayI evaM priya zabdoM ko yA inake samAna anya zabdoM ko jor3a dene se pativAcaka zabda bana jAte haiM. gaurI ke paryAyavAcI banAne ke lie ziva zabda meM ukta zabda jor3ane para zivakAntA, zivapriyatamA, zivabadhU evaM zivapraNayinI Adi zabda banate haiM. nibhA kA samAnArthaka parigraha bhI hai, kintu jisa prakAra zivakAntA zabda grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, usa prakAra zivaparigraha nahIM. yataH kavisampradAya meM yaha zabda grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai. kalatravAcI gaurI zabda meM vara, ramaNa, prabhRti zabda jor3ane se gaurIvara, gaurIramaNa, gaurIza Adi zivavAcaka zabda banate haiM. jisa prakAra gaurIvara zabda ziva kA vAcaka hai, usI prakAra gaMgAvara zabda nahIM. yadyapi kAntAvAcI gaMgA zabda meM vara zabda jor3a kara pativAcI zabda bana sakatA hai, to bhI kavisampradAya meM isa zabda kI prasiddhi na hone se yaha ziva ke artha meM grAhya nahIM hai. AcArya hema ne apanI svopajJavRtti meM ina samasta vizeSatAoM ko batalAyA hai. ataH spaSTa hai ki "kavirUDhyAseyodAharaNAvali' siddhAntavAkya bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai. isake kaI sundara niSkarSa nikalate haiM. kavisampradAya ko parigaNita karane se aneka doSoM se rakSA ho gayI hai. ataeva ziva ke paryAya kapAlI ke samAnArthaka kapAlapAla, kapAladhana, kapAlabhuk. kapAlanetA evaM kapAlapati jaise aprayukta aura amAnya zabdoM ke grahaNa se bhI rakSA ho jAtI hai. yadyapi vyAkaraNa dvArA zabdoM kI siddhi sarvathA saMbhava hai, para kaviyoM kI mAnyatA ke viparIta hone se ukta zabdoM ko kapAlI ke sthAna para grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai. 3 ATMA IN JainEdCO Jainelibrary.org

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802 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : caturtha adhyAya jaina saMskRti aura abhidhAnacintAmaNi :-abhidhAnacintAmaNi aura dhanaJjanAmamAlA aise koSa haiM jinameM saMskRti ke tatva vartamAna haiM. abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM utsarpaNa aura avasarpaNa kAla ke sAtha tIrthaMkaroM ke vaMza, mAtA-pitA ke nAma, zAsanadevatA, upAsaka ke nAma evaM varNa batalAye gaye haiM. kAmadeva ke paryAyavAcI, dvAdaza cakravatiyoM ke paryAyavAcI, nau nArAyaNa aura nau pratinArAyaNoM ke paryAyavAcI zabda saMkalita haiM. zreNika aura kumArapAla ke paryAyavAcI zabda bhI Aye haiM. cAlukya, rAjarSi, paramArhata, mRtasya bhoktA, dharmAtmA mArivAraka vyasanavAraka aura kumArapAla ye ATha nAma kumArapAla ke haiM. pRthvIkAyika, jalakAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika aura vanaspatikAyika jIvoM ke bheda-prabheda evaM unake paryAya saMkalita haiM. dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya jIvoM ke bhedoM aura paryAyoM kA saMkalana jainAgamAnusAra kiyA hai. ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, vAlukAprabhA, paGkaprabhA dhUmaprabhA, tamaHprabhA, aura mahAtamaHprabhA ina sAta narakoM meM hone vAlI vedanA, evaM ina narakoM ke viloM kA varNana jaina siddhAntAnusAra kiyA gayA hai. ghanodadhivAtavalaya, dhanavAtavalaya evaM tanuvAtavalaya kA vivecana bhI isa koSa ke narakakANDa meM vidyamAna hai. prathama devAdhideva kANDa meM tIrthaMkaroM ke vibhinna atizaya, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura muni ke nAmoM ke vivecana ke anantara yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhyAna, dhAraNA evaM samAdhi kA vivecana kiyA hai. yoga ke ukta aSTAMgoM kI paribhASAe~ jainAgamAnusAra aMkita kI gayI haiM. devakANDa meM bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSI aura kalpavAsI devoM ke bheda-prabheda aura unake paryAyavAcI zabda diye gaye haiM. bhavanavAsI devoM ke anta meM jur3e hue kumAra zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA hai--"kumAravadete kAntadarzanAH sukumArAH mRdumadhuralalitagatayaH zRMgArAbhijAtarUpavikriyAH kumAravaccoddha taveSabhASAbharaNapraharaNAvaraNayAnavAhanAH kumAravaccolvaNarAgAH krIDanaparAzcetyataH kumAra ityucyante". arthAt -ye deva kumAra ke samAna dekhane meM sundara, mRdu, madhura evaM lalita gativAle, zRMgAra-sundara rUpa evaM vikAra vAle aura kumAra ke samAna hI uddhata veSa, bhASA, bhUSaNa, zastra, AbharaNa, yAna tathA vAhana vAle evaM krIDAparAyaNa hote haiM. ataeva ye kumAra kahe jAte haiM. devoM ke nivAsa kA varNana karate hue kahA hai"bhavanapatayo'zItisahasrAdhikayojanalakSapiMDAyAM ratnaprabhAyAmUrdhvamadhazca yojanasaharIkaikamapahAya janmA''sAdayaMti. vyantarAstasyA evopari yatparityaktaM yojanasahasra tasyAdha UrdhvaJca yojanazatamekaikamapahAya madhye'STasu yojanazateSu janma pratilabhante. jyotiSkAstu samatalAd bhUbhAgAt sapta zatAni navatyadhikAni yojanAnAmAruhya dazottarayojanazatapiNDe nabhodeze lokAntAt kiMcinnyUne janma gRhNanti. vaimAnikA rajjumadhya'madhiruhyA'taH saudharmAdiSu kalpeSu sarvArthasiddhavimAnaparyavasAneSUtpadyante". prathama bhavanavAsI deva eka lAkha assI hajAra yojana parimita ratnaprabhA meM eka-eka hajAra yojana chor3akara janma grahaNa karate haiM. vyantaradeva usa ratnaprabhA ke Upara chor3e gaye eka hajAra yojana ke Upara tathA nIce eka-eka sau yojana chor3akara bIcavAle AThasau yojana meM janma grahaNa karate haiM. jyotiSka deva samatala bhUbhAga se sAta sau nabbe yojana piNDavAle tathA lokAnta se kucha kama AkAza pradeza meM janma grahaNa karate haiM aura vaimAnika deva Der3ha rajju car3ha kara sarvArthasiddhi vimAna ke anta taka saudharmAdi kalpoM meM janma grahaNa karate haiM. apane-apane niyata sthAnoM meM utpanna bhavanavAsI Adi deva lavaNa samudra, mandira, parvata, varSadhara evaM jaMgaloM meM nivAsa to karate haiM para unakI utpatti pUrvokta niyata sthAnoM ke atirikta anya sthAnoM meM nahIM hotI hai. ataeva nikAya zabda kA nivAsArtha yA sahArtha meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai. AcArya hema ne jaina AcAra-vyavahAra kI zabdAvali ko pramukhatA dI hai. aNuvrata, mahAvrata, dazadharma, dhyAna evaM samiti gupti Adi kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai. inhoMne pAnI chAnane ke chanane ke do nAma likhe haiM-naktaka aura karpaTa. svopajJavRtti meM nahyate zirasi naktaka: "kIcaka" (uraNA 33) ityake nipAtyate naktaM bhava iti vA, dravadravyaM yena pUyate tatra rUDho'yaM tattulye'pi vastre pratIto vartate. kalpate kapaMTa: puMklIbaliMga: "divyavi" (uNA 142) ityaTaH, ataeva spaSTa hai ki AcArya hema ne jaina saMskRti kI zabdAvali ko bar3e sundara aura suvyavasthita DhaMga se isa koSa meM aMkita kiyA hai. Jain Educa ary.org

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nemicandra zAstrI : saMskRta koSasAhitya ko prAcArya hema kI dena : 803 upasaMhAra : AcArya hemacandra ne abhidhAnacintAmaNi koSa dvArA saMskRta koSasAhitya ko apUrva ratna pradAna kiyA hai. isa koSa kA saMskRti, sAhitya, bhASAvijJAna evaM navIna zabdarAzi kI dRSTi se advitIya sthAna hai. saMskRta ke anya haiM. yaha koSa apAra zabdarAzi kA prayoga karane kI dizA kI ora saMketa karatA hai. hema ne apanI alaukika pratibhA dvArA isa koza ko itanA sampanna aura samRddha banAyA hai, jisase akele isa koSa ko apane pAsa rakha lene se zabdaviSayaka sAMgopAMga jAnakArI prApta kI jA sakatI hai. anveSaka pratibhAoM ko isa koSa meM itanI sAmagrI upalabdha hogI, jisase do-tIna zodha-prabandhoM kA nirmANa vibhinna dRSTiyoM se sahaja meM kiyA jA sakatA hai. vAstava meM AcArya hema kI, saMskRta koSasAhitya ko yaha apUrva dena hai. AcArya kA gahana tattvasparzI pANDitya evaM bahujJatA isa koSa ke dvArA sahaja meM jAnI jA sakatI hai. dhanya haiM AcArya hema aura dhanya haiM unakI koSaviSayaka apUrva vidvattA! SARAN Jain Education Intemational