Sankhya ka Pratyaksha Lakshan

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Z_Darshan_aur_Chintan_Part_1_2_002661.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229029/1

Page #1
sAMkhyakA pratyakSa lakSaNa sAMkhya paramparAmeM pratyakSa lakSaNake mukhya tIna prakAra haiN| pahilA prakAra vindhyavAsIke lakSaNa kA hai jise vAcaspatine vArSagaNyake nAmase nirdiSTa kiyA hai ( tAtparya0 10 155 ) / dUsarA prakAra Izvara kRSNa ke lakSaNakA ( sAMkhyakA 5) aura tIsarA sAMkhyasUtragata ( sAMkhyasU0 1.86) lakSaNakA hai / bauddhoM, jainoM aura naiyAyikoMne sAMkhyake pratyakSa lakSaNakA khaNDana kiyA hai| dhyAna rakhanekI bAta yaha hai ki vindhyavAsIke lakSaNakA khaNDana to sabhIne kiyA hai para IzvarakRSNa jaise prAcIna sAMkhyA cAryake lakSaNakA khaNDana sirpha jayanta ( pR0 116 ) hI ne kiyA hai para sAMkhyasUtragata lakSaNakA khaNDana to kisI bhI prAcIna AcAryane nahIM kiyA hai| bauddhoM meM prathama khaNDanakAra diGnAga (pramANasamu0 1. 27 ), naiyAyikoMmeM prathama khaNDanakAra udyotakara ( nyAyavA0 pR0 43) aura jainoM meM prathama khaNDanakAra akalaGka (nyAyavi0 1. 165) hI jAna par3ate haiM / ___A0 hemacandrane sAMkhyake lakSaNa khaNDanameM (pra0 mI0 pR024)pUrvAcAryoMkA anusaraNa kiyA hai para unakA khaNDana khAsakara jayantakRta (nyAyama0 pR0 106) khaNDanAnusArI hai| jayantane hI vindhyavAsI aura Izvara kRSNa donoMke lakSaNaprakArakA khaNDana kiyA hai, hemacandrane bhI unhIMke zabdoMmeM donoM hI ke lakSaNakA khaNDana kiyA hai| I0 1636] [pramANa mImAMsA dhArAvAhika jJAna bhAratIya pramANazAstroM meM 'smRti' ke prAmANya-aprAmANyakI carcA prathamase hI calI AtI dekhI jAtI hai para dhArAvAhika jJAnoMke prAmANya-aprAmANya kI carcA sambhavataH bauddha paramparAse dharmakIrtike bAda dAkhila huii| eka bAra pramANazAstroM meM praveza hone ke bAda to phira vaha sarvadarzanavyApI ho gaI aura isake pakSapratipakSameM yuktiyA~ tathA vAda sthira ho gae aura khAsa-khAsa paramparAe~ bana gii|

Page #2
vAcaspati, zrIdhara, jayanta, udayana Adi sabhI' nyAya-vaizeSika darzanake vidvAnoMne 'dhArAvAhika' jJAnoMko adhigatArthaka kahakara bhI pramANa hI mAnA hai aura unameM 'sUkSmakAlaphalA ke mAnakA niSedha hI kiyA hai / ataeva unhoMne pramANa lakSaNa, 'anadhigata' Adi pada nahIM rakhe / . mImAMsakakI prabhAkarIya aura kumArilIya donoM paramparAoM meM bhI dhArAvAhika jJAnoMkA prAmANya hI svIkAra kiyA hai / para donoMne usakA samarthana bhinna-bhinna prakArase kiyA hai| prabhAkarAnugAmI zAlikanAtha 'kAlakalA' kA bhAna binA mAne hI 'anubhUti' hone mAtrase unheM pramANa kahate haiM, jisa para nyAya vaizeSika paramparAkI chApa spaSTa hai / kumArilAnugAmI pArthasArathi', 'sUkSmakAlakalA' kA 1 'anadhigatArthagantRtvaM ca dhArAvAhikavijJAnAnAmadhigatArthagocarANAM lokasiddhapramANabhAvAnAM prAmANyaM vihantIti nAdriyAmahe / na ca kAlabhedenAna . dhigatagocaratvaM dhArAvAhikAnAmiti yuktam / paramasUkSmANAM kAlakalAdibhedAnAM pizitalocanairasmAdRzairanAkalanAt / na cAdyenaiva vijJAnenopadarzitatvAdarthasya pravartitatvAt puruSasya prApitatvAccottareSAmaprAmANyameva jJAnAmAmiti vAcyam / nahi vijJAnasyArthaprApaNaM pravartanAdanyad, na ca pravartanamarthapradarzanAdanyat / tasmAdarthapradarzanamAtravyApArameva jJAnaM pravartakaM prApakaM ca / pradarzanaM ca pUrvavaduttareSAmapi vijJAnAnAmabhinnamiti kathaM pUrvameva pramANaM nottarANyapi ? -tAtparya0 pR0 21. kandalI pR0 61. nyAyama0 pR0 22. nyAyaku0 4.1! 2 'dhArAvAhikeSu tAttaravijJAnAni smRtipramoSAdaviziSTAni kathaM pramANAni ? tatrAha-anyonyanirapekSAstu dhaaraavaahikbuddhyH| vyApriyamANe hi pUrvavijJAnakAraNakalApa uttareSAmapyutpattiriti na pratItita utpattito vA dhArAvAhikavijJAnAni parasparasyAtizerata iti yuktA sarveSAmapi pramANatA |'prkrnnp0 pR0 42-43; vRhatIpa0 pR0 103. 1 3 'nanvevaM dhArAvAhikeyUttareSAM pUrvagRhItArthaviSayakatvAdaprAmANyaM syAt / tasmAt 'anubhUtiH pramANam' iti pramANalakSaNam / tasmAt yathArthamagRhItagrAhi zAnaM pramANamiti vktvym| dhArAvAhikeyapyuttarottareSAM kAlAntarasambaddhasyAgRhI tasya grahaNAd yuktaM prAmANyam / sannapi kAlabhedo'tisUkSmatvAnna parAmRSyata iti cet ; aho sUkSmadarzI devAnAMpriyaH! yo hi samAnaviSayayA vijJAnadhArayA ciramavasthAyoparataH so'nantarakSaNasambandhitayArtha smarati / tathAhi-kimatra ghaTo'vasthita iti pRSTaH kathayati-asmin kSaNe mayopalabdha iti / tathA prAtarArabhyaitAvatkAlaM mayopalabdha iti / kAlabhede tvagRhIte kathamevaM vadet / tasmAdasti kAla bhedasya parAmarzaH / tadAdhikyAcca siddhamuttareSAM praamaannym|'-shaastrdii0 pR0 124-126.

Page #3
bhAna mAnakara hI unameM prAmANyakA upapAdana karate haiM kyoMki kumArilaparamparAmeM pramANalakSaNameM 'apUrva' pada honese aisI kalpanA binA kiye 'dhArAvAhika' zAnoM ke prAmANyakA samarthana kiyA nahIM jA sakatA / isa para bauddha aura jaina kalpanAkI chApa jAna par3atI hai| bauddha-paramparAmeM yadyapi dharmottara' ne spaSTatayA 'dhArAvAhika' kA ullekha karake to kucha nahIM kahA hai, phira bhI usake sAmAnya kathanase usakA mukAva 'dhArAvAhika' ko apramANa mAnanekA hI jAna par3atA hai| hetubindukI TIkAmai acaMTa ne "dhArAvAhika' ke biSayamai apanA mantavya prasaMgavaza spaSTa batalAyA hai| usane yogigata 'dhArAvAhika' jJAnoMko to 'sUkSma kAlakalA' kA bhAna mAnakara pramANa kahA hai| para sAdhAraNa pramAtAoMke dhArAvAhikoMko sUkSmakAlabhedagrAhaka na honese apramANa hI kahA hai| isa taraha bauddha paramparAmeM pramAtAke bheda se 'dhArAvAhika' ke prAmANya-aprAmANyakA svIkAra hai ! jaina tarkagranthoMmeM 'dhArAvAhika' jJAnoM ke prAmANya-aprAmANyake viSayameM do paramparAe~ haiM-digambarIya aura zvetAmbarIya / digambara paramparA ke anusAra 'dhArAvAhika' jJAna tabhI pramANa haiM jaba ve kSaNabhedAdi vizeSa kA bhAna karate hoM aura viziSTapramAjanaka hote hoN| jaba ve aisA na karate hoM taba pramANa nahIM haiN| isI taraha usa paramparAke anusAra yaha bhI samajhanA cAhie ki viziSTapramAjanaka hote hue bhI 'dhArAvAhika' jJAna jisa dravyAMzameM viziSTapramAjanaka nahIM haiM usa aMzamaiM ve apramANa aura vizeSAMzamai viziSTapramAjanaka honeke kAraNa pramANa haiM arthAt eka jJAna vyaktimeM bhI viSaya bheda kI apekSAse prAmANyA * 1 'ata eva anadhigataviSartha pramANam / yenaiva hi zAnena prathamamadhigato'rthaH tenaiva pravartitaH puruSaH prApitazcArthaH tatraivArthe kimanyena jJAnena adhika kAryam / tato'dhigataviSayamapramANam !'-nyAyabiTI0. pR0 3. 2 'yadaikasminneva nIlAdivastuni dhArAvAhInIndriyajJAnAnyutpadyante tadA pUrveNAbhinnayogakSematvAt uttareSAmindriyajJAnAnAmaprAmANyaprasaGgaH / na caivam , ato'nekAnta iti pramANasaMplavavAdI darzayannAha-pUrvapratyakSakSaNena ityAdi / etat pariharati-tad yadi pratikSaNaM kSaNavivekazino'dhikRtyocyate tadA bhinno| payogitayA pRthak prAmANyAt nAnekAntaH / atha sarvapadArtheSvekaravAdhyavasAyina: sAMvyavahArikAn puruSAnabhipretyocyate tadA sakalameva nIlasantAnamekamartha sthirarUpa tatsAdhyAM cArthakriyAmekAtmikAmadhyavasyantIti prAmANyamapyuttareSAmaniSTameveti kuto'nekAntaH 1-hetu0 TI0 pR0 37.

Page #4
prAmANya hai / akalaGkake anugAmI vidyAnanda aura mANikyanandIke anugAmI prabhAcandrake TIkAgranthoMkA pUrvApara avalokana ukta natIje para pahu~cAtA hai| kyoMki anya sabhI jainAcAryoMkI taraha nirvivAda rUpase 'smRtiprAmANya' kA samarthana karanevAle akalaGka aura mANikyanandI apane-apane pramANa lakSaNameM jaba bauddha aura mImAMsakake samAna 'anadhigata' aura 'apUrva' pada rakhate haiM taba una padoMkI sArthakatA ukta tAtparyake sivAya aura kisI prakArase batalAI hI nahIM jA sakatI cAhe vidyAnanda aura prabhAcandrakA svatantra mata kucha bhI rahA ho / bauddha vidvAn vikalpa aura smRti donoMmeM, mImAMsaka smRti mAtrameM svatantra prAmANya nahIM mAnate / isalie unake matameM to 'anadhigata' aura 'apUrva' padakA prayojana spaSTa hai / para jaina paramparA anusAra vaha prayojana nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparAke sabhI vidvAn eka matase dhArAvAhijJAnako smRtikI taraha pramANa mAnaneke hI pakSameM haiN| ataeva kisIne apane pramANalakSaName 'anadhigata' 'apUrva' zrAdi jaise padako sthAna hI nahIM diyaa| itanA hI nahIM, balki unhoMne spaSTarUpeNa yaha kaha diyA ki cAhe jJAna gRhItagrAhi ho taba bhI vaha agRhItagrAhike samAna hI pramANa hai| unake vicArAnusAra gRhItagrAhitva prAmANyakA vighAtaka nahI, ataeva unake matase eka dhArAvAhika jJAnavyaktimai viSayabhedako apekSAse prAmANya-aprAmANya mAnanakI jarUrata nahIM aura na to kabhI kisIko apramANa mAnanakI jarUrata hai| zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM bhI prA0 hemacandrakI khAsa vizeSatA hai kyoMki unhoMne gRhItagrAhi aura grahoSyamANagrAhi donoMkA samatva dikhAkara sabhI dhArAvAhijJAnoMmeM prAmANyakA jo samarthana kiyA hai vaha khAsa mArkekA hai-pra0 mI0 pR0 4 / I0 1636 ] [pramANa mImAMsA 1. 'gRhItamagRhItaM vA svAthai yadi vyavasyati / tanna loke na zAstreSu vijahAti pramANatAm ||-tttvaarthshlo0 1. 10.78 / 'pramAntarAgRhAtArthaprakAzitvaM prpnyctH| prAmANyaM ca gRhItArthagrAhitvepi kthNcn|'-tttvaarthshlo0 1.13.64 / 'gRhItagrahaNAt tatra na smRtezcetpramANatA / dhArAvAdyakSavizAnasyaivaM labhyeta kena saa||-tsvaarthshlok0 1.13.15 'nanvevamapi pramAyasaMplavavAditAvyAghAtaH pramANapratipanne'rthe pramANAntarApratipattirityacodyam / arthaparicchittivizeSasadbhAve tatpravRtterapyabhyupagamAt / prathamapramANapratipanne hi vastunyAkAravizeSa pratipadyamAna pramANAntaramapUrvArthameva vRkSo nyagrodha ityAdivat |'-prmeyk0 pR0 16 / 2. 'yad gRhItagrAhi jJAnaM na tatpramANaM, yathA smRtiH, gRhItagrAhI ca pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpa iti vyApakaviruddhopalabdhiH'-tatvasaM0 pa. kA0 12681.