Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 25 | sAMkhyadarzana meM karma . 0 zrI dharmacanda jaina sAMkhyadarzana ke pravartaka the maharSi kapila / kapila ne sAMkhyadarzana kA praNayana karate hue mUla rUpa se jainadarzana ke sadRza do hI tattva svIkAra kie-puruSa aura prakRti / kapila ke puruSa ko jainadarzana meM jIva evaM prakRti ko ajIva zabda se pukArA jA sakatA hai| jisa prakAra janadarzana meM jIva evaM ajIva ke sambandha se hI anya samasta tattvoM kI utpatti svIkAra kI gaI hai, usI prakAra sAMkhyadarzana meM puruSa evaM prakRti ke saMyoga se hI samasta tattvoM kI utpatti mAnI gaI hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM paccIsa tattva mAne gae haiM-prakRti, buddhi, ahaMkAra, mana, paJca jJAnendriyA~, paJca karmendriyA~, pA~ca tanmAtrAe~, pA~ca mahAbhUta evaM puruSa / sezvara sAMkhya ke anuyAyI Izvara ko bhI chabbIsavA~ tattva mAnate haiN| karma-paricaya : yadyapi sAMkhyadarzana meM 'karma' zabda kA prayoga kahIM nahIM huA hai kintu jainadarzana meM prayukta 'karma' zabda kI arthAbhivyakti milatI hai| tabhI to IzvarakRSNa viracita 'sAMkhyakArikA' ke prArambha meM hI AdhyAtmika, Adhidaivika evaM Adhibhautika ina tInoM prakAra ke duHkhoM ke Atyantika kSaya kI bAta kahI gaI hai / jainadarzana meM duHkhoM ko karmoM kA phala mAnA gayA hai aura karmoM kA vibhAjana jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya Adi rUpoM se ATha bhAgoM meM kiyA gayA hai / sAMkhyadarzana meM bhI jo kucha sukha-duHkha hote haiM ve aviveka athavA anAdi avidyA ke kAraNa hote haiN| yaha aviveka hI karmoM kA athavA saMsAra meM bhramaNa karane kA mUla kAraNa hai / isakI samApti hone para kaivalya kI prApti ho jAtI hai aura duHkha-sukha se puruSa sadA ke lie mukta ho jAtA hai| phira vaha jIvanamukti (arihantAvasthA) evaM videhamukti (siddhAvasthA) ko bhI prApta kara letA hai| zarIra ke rahate hue jIvanamukti kI avasthA rahatI hai tathA zarIra ke chUTane ke pazcAt videhamukti kI avasthA AjAtI hai / puruSa evaM usakA saMyoga : ___ jainadarzana tathA sAMkhyadarzana meM eka mUlabhUta antara yaha hai ki jainadarzana jIva ko hI samasta sukha-duHkhoM (karmoM) kA kartA evaM bhoktA pratipAdita karatA hai jabaki sAMkhyadarzana isako akartA evaM draSTA ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karatA hai| Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 162 ] [ karma siddhAnta 'sAMkhyakArikA' meM kahA gayA hai-'na prakRtirna na vikRtiH purussH|' arthAt puruSa na kAraNa hai aura na kArya hii| vaha triguNAtIta, vivekI, viSayI, cetana, aprasavadharmI, avikArI, kUTastha, nitya, madhyastha, draSTA evaM akartA hotA hai| jo guNa eka karmarahita jIva meM jainadarzana batalAtA hai ve hI guNa sAMkhyadarzana eka puruSa meM nirUpita karatA hai| 'sAMkhyakArikA' meM nirUpita siddhAnta ke anusAra vastutaH yaha cetana puruSa na kabhI bandha ko prApta huA hai aura na hogA tasmAnna badhyate'ddhA na mucyate nApi saMsarati kazcit / saMsarati badhyate mucyate ca nAnAzrayA prakRtiH / / arthAt kisI puruSa kA na to bandhana hotA hai aura na saMsaraNa aura mokSa hI / aneka puruSoM ke Azraya se rahane vAlI prakRti kA hI saMsaraNa, bandhana aura mokSa hotA hai / vAstava meM prakRti hI samasta sRSTi kA mUla kAraNa hai / prakRti se hI buddhi, ahaMkAra, mana, jJAnendriyA~, karmendriyA~, paMcatantramAtrAe~ evaM paJcamahAbhUta udbhUta hue haiN| prakRti hI samasta dRzya hai| phira bhI prakRti ekAkinI rahakara kucha bhI nahIM kara sakatI / puruSa kA saMyoga hone para hI prakRti sRSTi kA nirmANa karane meM sakSama hotI hai / prakRti kA puruSa ke sAtha vaisA hI saMyoga hai jaisA andhe evaM paMgu vyakti kA saMyoga hotA hai-'paGa gvandhavadubhayorapi saMyogastatkRtaH srgH|' paMgu evaM andhA vyakti jisa prakAra milakara apanA prayojana siddha kara lete haiM usI prakAra prakRti ke saMyoga se puruSa apanA prayojana siddha kara letA hai| prakati kA puruSa ke sAtha yaha saMyoga kaivalya kI prApti ke lie hI hotA hai, kintu yaha saMyoga anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai / bandhana-prakriyA: prakRti evaM puruSa kA saMyoga hI bandhana hai| yaha bandhana aviveka ke kAraNa hotA hai / vAstava meM to puruSa nirvikAra, akartA evaM draSTA hai aura prakRti kI hai kintu prakRti puruSa kA saMyoga pAkara hI kArya karatI hai| prazna to taba upasthita hotA hai jaba puruSa akartA, draSTA evaM nirvikAra hote hue bhI apane ko sukhI, duHkhI evaM bandhana meM ba~dhA huaA anubhava karatA hai / sAMkhyadarzanazAstrI isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM-buddhi eka aisA tattva hai jisameM cetana puruSa bhI saMkrAnta hotA hai aura anubhUyamAna vastu bhI saMkrAta hotI hai / phalasvarUpa cetana puruSa usa vastu se prabhAvita anubhava hotA hai aura baMdhana ko prApta ho jAtA hai / yadyapi puruSa evaM prakRti atyanta bhinna haiM tathApi puruSa ko isa pArthakya kA bodha nahIM rahatA, isalie vaha apane ko baMdhA huA anubhava karatA hai / 'sAMkhyakArikA' meM kahA hai tasmAttatsaMyogAdacetanaM cetanAvadiva liGgan / guNakartRtve'pi tathA karteva bhavatyudAsInaH / / Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAMkhyadarzana meM karma ] [ 163 arthAt donoM ke saMyoga se acetana buddhi Adi prakRti cetana sadRza pratIta hote haiM aura usI prakAra prakRti-guNoM ke kartA hone para bhI udAsIna puruSa kartA sA pratIta hotA hai / yahI baMdhana hai / jaba taka yaha saMyoga calatA rahatA hai, bhoga hotA rahatA hai / lekina jaba vivekakhyAti dvArA puruSa evaM prakRti kA bheda jJAta ho jAtA hai taba baMdhana samApta ho jAtA hai, kaivalya kI prApti ho jAtI hai / satkAryavAda : sAMkhyadarzana kA mUla siddhAnta asatkAryavAda hai / asatkAryavAda ke anusAra kArya apane kAraNa meM avyaktAvasthA meM vidyamAna rahatA hai, nayA utpanna nahIM hotA / tiloM meM tela pahale se avyaktAvasthA meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| tabhI to usameM se tela nikalatA hai / reta meM se tela nahIM nikalatA kyoMki usameM pahale se vidyamAna nahIM hotA / saMkSepa meM kisI kArya kI avyaktAvasthA kAraNa evaM kAraNa kI vyaktAvasthA kArya kahI jA sakatI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki puruSa ko akartA evaM draSTA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / usako sadaiva nirvikAra batalAyA gayA hai / vaha na bandhana ko prApta hotA hai aura na mukta hotA hai - yaha bAta bhI isIlie kahI gayI hai / prakRti kA upakAra : prakRti puruSa ke bhoga evaM kaivalya ke lie pravRtta hotI hai / vaha pratyeka puruSa ke mokSa ke lie sRSTi kA nirmANa karatI hai / IzvarakRSNa ne kahA hai-- 'jaise bachar3e ke bar3hane ke lie acetana dugdha svataH nikalatA hai, vaise hI puruSa- ke mokSa ke lie prakRti bhI svataH pravRtta hotI hai / ' prakRti ke viSaya meM yahA~ taka kaha diyA gayA ki jisa prakAra apanI icchA pUrti ke lie vyakti kArya meM pravRtta hote haiM, usI prakAra prakRti bhI puruSa ke mokSa ke lie pravRtta hotI hai / kaivalya : puruSa evaM prakRti kA pArthakya-bodha hI kaivalya kA kAraNa hai / isa pArthakyako vivekakhyAti nAma diyA jAtA hai / isameM tattvoM ke abhyAsa ko bhI kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / 'sAMkhyakArikA' meM kaivalya kA svarUpa batalAte hue. IzvarakRSNa ne kahA hai evaM tattvAbhyAsAnnA'smi na me nAhamityaparizeSam / viparyayAdvizuddha kevalamutpadyate jJAnam / / arthAt tattva-jJAna kA abhyAsa karane se 'na maiM (kriyAvAn) hU~, na merA ( bhoktRtva ) hai aura na maiM kartA hU~ - isa prakAra sampUrNa evaM viparyayarahita hone Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 164 ] [ karma siddhAnta se vizuddha kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai| taba vimala evaM draSTA ke samAna niSkriya puruSa vivekajJAna ke sAmarthya se prakRti ko dekhatA hai| cetana puruSa 'maiMne use dekha liyA hai'-yaha vicAra karake udAsIna ho jAtA hai aura prakRti bhI 'usane mujhe dekha liyA hai'-yaha socakara vyApAra zUnya ho jAtI hai / __ jaise nartakI raGgastha darzakoM ke samakSa nRtya ke lie eka bAra upasthita hone ke bAda phira nRtya nahIM karatI, usI prakAra prakRti puruSa ke samakSa apane ko prakaTa kara dene ke bAda phira usa viSaya meM pravRtta nahIM hotii| yathA raGgasya darzayitvA nivartate nartakI yathA nRtyAt / puruSasya tathA''tmAnaM prakAzya vinivartate prakRtiH / / videha mukti : vivekakhyAti (samyagjJAna) hone ke pazcAt bhI zarIra kA vinAza nahIM hotA / zarIra kA vinAza hote hI videhamukti ho jAtI hai| kintu prazna uThatA hai ki prakRti kA. pRthak rUpa se darzana kara lene ke pazcAt evaM usakA vyApAra samApta ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI zarIra ke rahane kA kyA aucitya hai ? sAMkhyakArikAkAra ne usakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA hai samyagjJAnAdhigamAt dharmAdInAmakAraNaprAptau / tiSThatisaMskAravazAt cakrabhramivaddhRta zarIraH / / arthAt tattvajJAna kI prApti ho jAne se saJcita dharma; adharma ityAdi karmoM kA bIjabhAva to naSTa ho jAtA hai kintu prArabdha karmoM ke avaziSTa saMskAroM ke sAmarthya se sAdhaka vaise hI zarIra dhAraNa kie rahatA hai, jaise daNDa se calAI gaI kumhAra kI cAka phira daNDa-cAlana na hone para bhI pUrva utpanna vega nAmaka saMskAra se ghUmatI rahatI hai| jisa prakAra jainadarzana meM jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya evaM anta rAya nAmaka cAra ghanadhAti karmoM kA kSaya karane para kevalajJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai, kintu phira bhI zarIra banA rahatA hai| anya cAra karmoM ke samApta hone para hI AtmA siddhAvasthA ko prApta karatI hai; uso prakAra sAMkhyadarzana meM saJcita karmoM kA vinAza ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI prArabdha karmoM ke bala para zarIra banA rahatA hai, usake vinAza hote hI videhAvasthA prApta ho jAtI hai / upasaMhAra : ___satya eka hI hai kintu usakA prastutIkaraNa bhinna-bhinna ho sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM baMdhana evaM mukti kI prakriyA tathA karmoM kA svarUpa jisa sUkSma rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, sA~khyadarzana meM usako bhinna rUpa meM pratipAdita karane Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sAMkhyadarzana meM karma ] [ 165 kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / jIva (puruSa) ko sAMkhyadarzana akartA mAnatA hA bhI baMdhana evaM mukti kI prakriyA se gujaratA hai| jainadarzana kI bhA~ti sAMkhya darzana bhI punarjanma ko svIkAra karatA hai| jainadArzanika jise kArmaNazarIra kahate haiM, sAMkhyadArzanika use liGgazarIra athavA sUkSma-zarIra kahate haiM / videhamukti hone para yaha liGgazarIra samApta ho jAtA hai| satva, rajas, tamas ina tInoM guNoM se yukta prakRti ko sAMkhyadarzana kI mAnatA hai tathA ise hI puruSa ko mukti dilAne meM sahAyaka bhI mAnatA hai / prakRti evaM puruSa kA saMyoga hI karma (saMskAra) ko utpanna karatA hai jisake phalasvarUpa bhoga prApta hotA hai / aMta meM kaivalya kI prApti vivekakhyAti (samyagjJAna) se hotI hai| prAtamarAma rAga-mAMDha aSTa karama mhAro kA~I karasI jI, maiM mhAre ghara rAkhU rAma / indrI dvAre citta daurata hai, tina vaza ha nahIM karasyU kAma // aSTa0 // 1 // inako jora itohI mujhape, duHkha dikhalAvai indro grAma / jAko jAtU maiM nahIM mAnU, bhedavijJAna karUM vizrAma // aSTa0 // 2 // kahu rAga kahu doSa karata tho, taba vidhi prAte mere dhAma / so vibhAva nahIM dhArUM kabahU~, zuddha svabhAva rahUM abhirAma // aSTa0 // 3 // jinavara muni guru kI bali jAUM, jina batalAyA merA ThAma / sukhI rahata hU~ duHkha nahiM vyApata, 'budhajana' haraSata pAThoM yAma // aSTa0 // 4 // ..-budhajana Jain Educationa International