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________________ saMjaya kA vikSepavAda aura syAdvAda paM. mahendrakumAra jaina, nyAyAcArya mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana tathA itaH pUrva DaoN. harmana jaikobI Adi ne syAdvAda yA saptabhaMga kI utpatti ko saMjayavelaThiputta ke mata se batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| rAhulajI ne darzana digdarzana meM likhA hai ki'Adhunika jainadarzana kA AdhAra syAdvAda hai, jo mAlUma hotA hai saMjayavelaThThiputta ke cAra aMgavAle anekAntavAda ko lekara use sAta aMgavAlA kiyA gayA hai / saMjaya ne tattvoM (paraloka, devatA) ke bAre meM kucha bhI nizcayAtmaka rUpa se kahane se inakAra karate hue usa inakAra ko cAra prakAra se kahA hai 1'hai ?' nahIM kaha sakatA / 2'nahIM hai ?' nahIM kaha sktaa| 3 'hai bhI aura nahIM bhI?' nahIM kaha sakatA / 4 'na hai aura na nahIM hai ?' nahIM kaha sktaa| isakI tulanA kIjie jainoM ke sAta prakAra ke syAdvAda se 1 'hai ?' ho sakatA hai (syaadsti)| 2 'nahIM hai ?' nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai (syaannaasti)| 3 'hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ?' hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA (syAdasti ca nAsti c)| ukta tInoM uttara kyA kahe jA sakate haiM (-vaktavya) haiM ? isakA uttara jaina 'nahIM' meM dete haiM4 syAt (ho sakatA hai) kyA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ? nahIM, syAd a-vaktavya hai / 5 'syAdasti' kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, syAdasti avaktavya hai| 6 'syAnAsti' kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, 'syAt nAsti' avaktavya hai| 7'syAdasti ca nAsti ca'kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, 'syAdasti ca nAsti ca' a-vaktavya hai| donoM ke milAne se mAlUma hogA ki jainoM ne saMjaya ke pahale vAle tIna vAkyoM (prazna aura uttara domoM) ko alaga karake apane syAdvAda kI chaha bhaMgiyA~ banAI haiM aura usake cauthe vAkya 'na hai aura na nahIM hai| ko jor3akara syAtsadasat bhI zravaktavya hai yaha sAtavA~ bhaMga taiyAra kara apanI saptabhaMgI pUrI kii|.........is prakAra eka bhI siddhAnta (syAt) kI sthApanA na karanA jo ki saMjaya kA vAda thA, usIko saMjaya ke anuyAyiyoM ke lupta ho jAne para jainoM ne apanA liyA aura usa ke caturbhaGgI nyAya ko saptabhaMgI meM pariNata kara diyaa|' darzana digdarzana pR. 466 rAhulajI ne ukta sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI aura syAdvAda ke rahasya ko na samajhakara kevala zabdasAmya dekha kara eka naye mata kI sRSTi kI hai| yaha to aisA hI hai jaise ki cora se jaja yaha pUche ki-'kyA tumane yaha kArya kiyA hai ?' cora kahe ki 'isase Apako kyA ?' yA 'maiM jAnatA hoU~ to kahU~ ?' phira jaja anya pramANoM se yaha siddha kara de ki 'cora ne yaha kArya kiyA hai', taba zabdasAmya dekhakara yaha kahanA ki jaja kA phaisalA corake bayAna se nikalA hai| saMjavavelaThThiputta ke darzana kA vivecana svayaM rAhulajI ne (darzanadigdarzana pR0 491) ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai-'yadi Apa pUche-'kyA paraloka hai ?' to yadi maiM samajhatA hoU~ ki paraloka hai to Apako 1. isake mata kA vistRta varNana dIghanikAya sAmaJa phalasutta meM hai| yaha vikSepavAdI thaa| 'amarAvikSepavAda' rUpa se bhI isa kA mata prasiddha thA / 2
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________________ 40 prAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha batalAU~ ki paraloka hai| maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA, vaisA bhI nahIM kahatA, dUsarI taraha se bhI nahIM khtaa| maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki vaha nahIM hai, maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki vaha nahIM nahIM hai| paraloka nahIM hai, paraloka nahIM nahIM hai , paraloka hai bhI aura nahIM bhI hai; paraloka na hai aura na nahIM hai|' saMjaya ke paraloka, devatA, karmaphala aura mukti ke sambandha ke ye vicAra zata pratizata ajJAna yA anizcayavAda ke haiN| vaha spaSTa kahatA hai ki "yadi maiM jAnatA hoU~ to btaauuN|" vaha saMzayAlu nahIM, ghora anizcayavAdI thaa| isaliye usakA darzana rAhulajI ke zabdoM meM "mAnava kI sahajabuddhi ko bhrama meM nahIM DAlanA cAhatA aura na kucha nizcayakara bhrAnta dhAraNAoM kI puSTi hI karanA cAhatA hai|" vaha AjJAnika thA / buddha aura saMjaya ma0 buddha ne '1 loka nitya hai, 2 anitya hai, 3 nitya-anitya hai, 4 na nitya na anitya hai, 5 loka antavAn hai, 6 nahIM hai, 7 hai nahIM hai, na hai na nahIM hai, . marane ke bAda tathAgata hote haiM, 10 nahIM hote, 11 hote haiM nahIM hote, 12 na hote haiM na nahIM hote, 13 jIva zarIra se bhinna hai, 14 jIva zarIra se bhinna nahIM hai|' (mAdhyamika vRtti pR0 446) ina caudaha vastuoM ko avyAkRta kahA hai| majjhimanikAya (2 / 23) meM inakI saMkhyA dasa hai| inameM aAdi ke do praznoM meM tIsarA aura cauthA vikalpa nahIM ginAyA hai| 'inake avyAkRta hone kA kAraNa buddha ne batAyA hai ki inake bAre meM kahanA sArthaka nahIM, bhikSucaryA ke liye upayogI nahIM, na yaha nirveda, nirodha, zAnti, paramajJAna yA nirvANa ke liye Avazyaka hai|' tAtparya yaha ki buddha kI dRSTi meM inakA jAnanA mumukSu ke liye Avazyaka nahIM thaa| dUsare zabdoM meM buddha bhI saMjaya kI taraha inake bAre meM kucha kahakara mAnava kI sahaja buddhi ko bhrama meM nahIM DAlanA cAhate the aura na bhrAnta dhAraNAoM kI sRSTi hI karanA cAhate the| hA~, saMjaya aba apanI ajJAnatA aura anizcaya ko sApha sApha zabdoM meM kaha detA hai ki 'yadi maiM jAnatA hoUM to batAUM,' taba buddha apane na jAnane kA ullekha na karake usa rahasya ko ziSyoM ke liye anupayogI batAkara apanA pIchA chur3A lete haiN| Ajataka yaha prazna tArkikoM ke sAmane jyoM kA tyoM hai ki 'buddha kI avyAkRtatA aura saMjaya ke anizcayavAda meM kyA aMtara hai, khAsakara citta kI nirNayabhUmi meM / sivAya isake ki saMjaya phakkar3a kI taraha pallA jhAr3akara kharI kharI bAta kaha detA hai aura buddha kuzala bar3e AdamiyoM kI zAlInatA kA nirvAha karate haiN|' buddha aura saMjaya hI kyA, usa samaya ke vAtAvaraNa meM AtmA, loka, paraloka aura mukti ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM sat asat ubhaya aura anubhaya yA avaktavya ye cAra koTiyA~ gUMjatI thiiN| jisa prakAra Aja kA rAjanaitika prazna 'majadUra aura mAlika, zoSya aura zoSaka ke' dvandva kI chAyA meM hI sAmane AtA hai usI prakAra usa samaya ke aAtmAdi atIndriya padArthaviSayaka prazna catuSkoTi meM hI pUche jAte the| veda aura upaniSada meM isa catuSkoTi ke darzana barAbara hote haiN| yaha vizva sat se huyA yA asat se? yaha sat hai yA asat yA ubhaya yA anirvacanIya' ye prazna jaba sahasroM varSa se pracalita rahe haiM taba rAhulajI kA syAdvAda ke viSaya meM yaha phatavA de denA ki- 'saMjaya ke praznoM ke zabdoM se yA usakI caturbhaGgI ko tor3a maror3a kara saptabhaMgI banI'-kahA~ taka ucita hai, isakA ve svayaM vicAra kreN| buddhake samakAlIna jo anya pA~ca tIrthika the, unameM niggaMTha nAthaputta vardhamAna mahAvIra kI sarvajJa aura sarva dazI ke rUpa meM prasiddhI thii| ve sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI the yA nahIM yaha isa samaya kI carcA kA viSaya nahIM hai, para ve viziSTa tattvavicAraka avazya the aura kisI bhI prazna ko saMjaya kI taraha anizcaya yA vikSepa koTi meM DAlane vAle nahIM the, aura na ziSyoM kI sahaja jijJAsA ko anupayogitA ke bhayaprada cakkara meM DubA
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________________ saMjaya kA vikSepavAda aura syAdvAda 41 denA cAhate the| unakA vizvAsa thA ki saMgha ke pa~camela vyakti jaba taka vastutattva kA ThIka nirNaya nahIM kara lete taba taka una meM bauddhika dRr3hatA aura mAnasabala nahIM pA sakatA / ve sadA apane samAnazIla anya saMgha ke bhikSutroM ke sAmane apanI bauddhika dInatA ke kAraNa hataprabha raheMge aura isakA asara unake jIvana aura prAcAra para Aye binA nahIM rhegaa| ve apane ziSyoM ko pardecanda padminiyoM kI taraha jagat ke svarUpa vicAra kI bAhya havA se aparicita nahIM rakhanA cAhate the| kintu cAhate the ki pratyeka mAnava apanI sahaja jijJAsA aura manana zakti ko vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ke vicAra kI ora lgaave| na unheM buddha kI taraha yaha bhayavyApta thA ki yadi aAtmA ke sambandha meM 'hA~' kahate haiM to zAzvatavAda arthAt upaniSadvAdiyoM kI taraha loga nityatva kI ora jhuka jAyeMge aura 'nahIM hai' kahane se ucchedavAda arthAt cArvAka kI taraha nAstikatA kA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| ataH isa prazna ko avyAkRta rakhanA hI zreSTha hai| mahAvIra cAhate the ki maujUdA toM aura saMzayoM kA samAdhAna vastusthiti ke AdhAra se honA hI caahiye| ataH unhoMne vastusvarUpa kA anubhava kara batAyA ki jagat kA pratyeka sat ananta dharmAtmaka hai aura pratikSaNa pariNAmI hai| hamArA jJAnalava (dRSTi) use eka eka aMza se jAnakara bhI apane meM pUrNatA kA mithyAbhimAna kara baiThatA hai| ataH hameM sAvadhAnI se vastu ke virAT anekAntAtmaka svarUpa kA vicAra karanA caahiye| anekAnta dRSTi se tattva kA vicAra karane para na to zAzvatavAda kA bhaya hai aura na ucchedavAda kaa| paryAya kI dRSTi se aAtmA ucchinna hokara bhI apanI anAdyananta dhArA kI dRSTi se avicchinna hai, zAzvata hai| isI dRSTi se hama loka ke zAzvata azAzvata Adi praznoM ko bhI dekheN| (1) kyA loka zAzvata hai ? hA~, loka zAzvata hai-dravyoM kI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se| isameM jitane sat anAdi se haiM unameM se eka bhI sat kama nahIM ho sakatA aura na usameM kisI naye 'sat' kI vRddhi hI ho sakatI hai, na eka sat dUsare meM vilIna hI ho sakatA hai| kabhI bhI aisA samaya nahIM pA sakatA jaba isake aMgabhUta eka bhI dravya kA lopa ho jAya yA saba samApta ho jaayN| nirvANa avasthA meM bhI AtmA kI nirAsrava citsantati apane zuddha rUpa meM barAbara cAlU rahatI hai, dIpaka kI taraha bujha nahIM jAtI yAnI samUla samApta nahIM ho jaatii| (2) kyA loka azAzvata hai? hA~, loka azAzvata hai dravyoM ke pratikSaNabhAvI pariNamanoM kI dRSTi se| pratyeka sat pratikSaNa apane utpAda vinAza aura dhrauvyAtmaka pariNAmI svabhAva ke kAraNa sadRza yA visadRza pariNamana karatA rahatA hai| koI bhI paryAya do kSaNa nahIM tthhrtii| jo hameM aneka kSaNa ThaharanevAlA pariNamana dikhAI detA hai vaha pratikSaNabhAvI aneka sadRza pariNamanoM kA avalokana mAtra hai| isa taraha satata parivartanazIla saMyogaviyogoM kI dRSTi se vicAra kIjie to loka azAzvata hai, anitya hai, pratikSaNa parivartita hai| (3) kyA loka zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM rUpa hai ? hA~, kramazaH uparyukta donoM dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para loka zAzvata bhI hai (dravya dRSTi se) aura azAzvata bhI hai (paryAya dRSTi se)| donoM dRSTikoNoM ko kramazaH prayukta karane para aura una donoM para sthUla dRSTi se vicAra karane para jagat ubhayarUpa bhI pratibhAsita hotA hai| (4) kyA loka zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM rUpa nahIM hai ? Akhira usakA pUrNa rUpa kyA hai ? hA~, loka kA pUrNa rUpa vacanoM ke agocara hai, avaktavya hai| koI aisA zabda nahIM jo eka sAtha loka ke zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM svarUpoM ko tathA usameM vidyamAna anya ananta dharmoM ko yugapat kaha ske| ataH zabda ke asAmarthya ke kAraNa jagat kA pUrNa rUpa avaktavya hai, anubhaya hai, vacanAtIta hai|
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________________ buddha prAcArya vijayadallabhasUri smAraka graMtha isa nirUpaNa meM Apa dekheMge ki vastu kA pUrNarUpa vacanoM ke agocara hai, avaktavya hai| cauthA uttara vastu ke pUrNa rUpa ko yugapat na kaha sakane kI dRSTi se hai| para vahI jagat zAzvata kahA jAtA haiM dravya dRSTi se, aura azAzvata kahA jAtA hai paryAya dRSTi se| isa taraha mUlataH cauthA, pahalA aura dUsarA ye tIna prazna maulika haiN| tIsarA ubhayarUpatA kA prazna to prathama aura dvitIya kA saMyogarUpa hai| aba Apa vicAreM ki jaba saMjaya ne loka ke zAzvata aura azAzvata zrAdi ke bAre meM spaSTa kahA hai ki 'yadi maiM jAnatA hoUM to batAU~' aura buddha ne kaha diyA ki 'inake cakkara meM na par3o, inakA jAnanA upayogI nahIM hai, ye avyAkRta haiM' taba mahAvIra ne una praznoM kA vastusthiti ke anusAra yathArtha uttara diyA aura ziSyoM kI jijJAsA kA samAdhAna kara unako bauddhika dInatA se trANa diyaa| ina praznoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra haiprazna saMjaya mahAvIra 1 kyA loka maiM jAnatA inakA jAnanA hA~, loka dravya dRSTi se zAzvata hoU~ to anupayogI hai zAzvata hai| isake batAU~ ? (avyA kisI bhI sat kA (anikaraNIya, sarvathA nAza nahIM ho zcaya, akathanIya) sakatA, na kisI ajJAna) asat se naye sat kA utpAda hI saMbhava hai| 2 kyA loka hAM, loka apane pratiazAzvata kSaNabhAvI pariNamanoM kI dRSTi se azAzvata hai| koI bhI paryAya do kSaNa Thaharane vAlI nahIM 3 kyA loka zAzvata aura avyAkRta azAzvata hai ? 4 kyA loka donoM rUpa nahIM hai, anubhaya maiM jAnatA hoU~ to batAU~ hA~, loka donoM dRSTiyoM se kramazaH vicAra karane para zAzvata bhI hai aura azAzvata bhI hai| hA~, aisA koI zabda nahIM jo loka ke paripUrNa svarUpa ko eka sAtha samagrabhAva se kaha sake, ataH pUrNa rUpa se vastu anubhaya hai, avaktavya hai| 1. buddha ke avyAkRta praznoM kA pUrA samAdhAna tathA unake Agamika avataraNoM ke liye dekho jainatarkavArtika kI prastAvanA pR0 14-24 /
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________________ saMjaya kA vikSepavAda aura syAdvAda saMjaya aura buddha jina praznoM kA samAdhAna nahIM karate, unheM anizcaya yA avyAkRta kahakara unase piMDa chur3A lete haiM; mahAvIra unhIM kA vAstavika aura yuktisaMgata samAdhAna karate haiN| isa para bhI rAhulajI yaha kahane kA sAhasa karate haiM ki 'saMjaya ke anuyAyiyoM ke lupta ho jAne para saMjaya ke vAda ko hI jainiyoM ne apanA liyaa|' yaha to aisA hI hai jaise koI kahe ki 'bhArata meM rahI parataMtratA ko parataMtratA vidhAyaka aMgrejoM ke cale jAne para bhAratIyoM ne use aparataMtratA (svataMtratA) ke rUpa meM apanA liyA; kyoMki aparataMtratA meM bhI 'paratantratA' ye pA~ca akSara to maujUda haiM hii|' yA 'hiMsA ko hI buddha aura mahAvIra ne usake anuyAyiyoM ke lupta hone para 'ahiMsA ke rUpa se apanA liyA hai| kyoMki ahiMsA meM bhI 'hiM sA' ye do akSara haiM hii|' jitanA paratantratA kA aparatantratA se aura hiMsA kA ahiMsA se bheda hai, utanA hI saMjaya ke anizcaya yA ajJAnavAda se syAdvAda kA antara hai| ye to tIna aura chaha kI taraha paraspara vimukha haiN| syAdvAda saMjaya ke ajJAna aura anizcaya kA hI to uccheda karatA hai, sAtha hI sAtha tattva meM jo viparyaya aura saMzaya haiM unakA bhI samUla nAza kara detA hai| yaha dekhakara to aura bhI Azcarya hotA hai ki-zrApa (pR. 484 meM) anizcitatAvAdiyoM kI sUcI meM saMjaya ke sAtha niggaMThanAthaputta (mahAvIra) kA nAma bhI likha jAte haiM tathA (pR0 491 meM) saMjaya ko anekAntavAdI bhii| kyA ise dharmakIrti ke zabdoM meM 'dhig vyApakaM tamaH' nahIM kaha sakate? ___ 'syAt kA' artha zAyada, saMbhava yA kadAcit nhiiN| 'syAt' zabda ke prayoga se sAdhAraNatayA logoM ko saMzaya, anizcaya aura saMbhAvanA kA bhrama hotA hai| para yaha to bhASA kI purAnI zailI hai usa prasaMga kI jahA~ eka vAda kA sthApana nahIM kiyA jaataa| ekAdhika bheda yA vikalpa kI sUcanA jahA~ karanA hotI hai vahA~ 'siyA' (syAt) pada kA prayoga bhASA kI viziSTa zailI kA eka rUpa rahA hai| jaisA ki maijjhimanikAya ke mahArAhulovAda sutta ke avataraNa se vidita hotA hai| isameM tejodhAtu ke donoM sunizcita bhedoM kI sUcanA 'siyA' zabda detA hai na ki una bhedoM kA anizcaya saMzaya yA sambhAvanA vyakta karatA hai| isI taraha 'syAdasti' ke sAtha lagA hA 'syAt ' zabda 'asti' kI sthiti ko nizcita apekSA se dRr3ha to karatA hI hai sAtha hI sAtha asti se: bhinna aura bhI aneka dharma vastu meM haiM, para ve isa samaya gauNa haiM, isa sApekSa sthiti ko bhI batAtA haiN| rAhulajI ne darzanadigdarzana meM saptabhaMgI ke pA~caveM, chaThe aura sAtaveM bhaMga ko jisa azobhana tarIke se tor3A maror3A hai vaha unakI apanI nirI kalpanA aura sAhasa hai| jaba ve darzana ko vyApaka naI aura vaijJAnika dRSTi se dekhanA cAhate haiM to kisI bhI darzana kI samIkSA usake ThIka svarUpa ko samajhakara hI karanI caahiye| ve avaktavya nAmaka dharma ko, jo ki 'asti' Adi ke sAtha svatantra bhAva se dvisaMyogI huA hai, tor3akara a-vaktavya karake usakA saMjaya ke 'nahIM' ke sAtha mela baiThA dete haiM aura saMjaya ke ghora anizcayavAda ko hI anekAntavAda kaha DAlate haiM.! kimAzcaryamataH param !! 1 "katamA ca rAhula Apo dhAtu ? Apo dhAtu siyA ajjhatikA siyA bAhirA // " -majjhimanikAya ,