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________________ "saMgIta kA mAnava jIvana para manovaijJAnika prabhAva" -madana varmA, saMgIta sauMdaryAnubhUti kI nAdAtmaka abhivyakti haiN| yaha manuSya samAja kI kalAtmaka upalabdhi hai aura mAnava bhAvanA kI utkRSTa kRti haiN| Atmika ullAsa aura AnandAnubhUtiyoM ko vyakta karane kA saMgIta se bar3hakara anya koI itanA sazakta mAdhya nahIM haiN| saMgIta meM do zabdoM kA yoga hai| "saga aura giit| sama kA artha hai sahita, arthAt vAdana aura nRtya ke sAtha gaayn| eka dUsarA artha bhI haiM 'sama' se tAtparya hai 'samyak / samyak kA artha acchA arthAt acchA gaanaa| aura acchA gAnA vAdana tathA nRtya ke sahayoga se hI banatA hai| ata: saMgIta meM gAyana vAdana tathA nRtya tInoM kalAoM kA samanvaya rUpa hai| ina aMgoM ko alaga-alaga prastuta karanA saMgIta kI sajIvatA ko naSTa karanA hai| tInoM aMgo kA samanvita pradarzana hI saMgIta hai| prAcIna zAstrakAroM ne 'nAda brahma' kahakara saMgIta ko Izvara kA rupa batAyA haiM gAyana vAdana aura nRtya ke saMmilita svarupa saMgIta se parama Ananda kI prApti hotI hai| vyakti samasta bAhya paristhitiyoM se kaTakara Atmakendrita ho jAtA hai| yaha Atma kendriya honA samAdhi kI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM vyakti kI samasta socane vicArane kI zaktiyAM nAda rUpa meM laga jAtI hai aura vyakti Izvara se ekAkAra ho jAtA hai| isalie saMgIta ko Izvara kA svarUpa mAnA saMgIta kA sambandha dhvani, svara, tathA bhAva se sambandha hai| jIvana meM inakI vyApakatA hai| ata: saMgIta kA kSetra bhI bahuta vyApaka hai| saMgIta sRSTi ke kaNa-kaNa meM vidyamAna hai| havA kI sara sarAhaTa, nadI kA kala bahatA jala, megha kI gaMbhIra garjanA aura pAnI kI bUMdo kI chama-chama pratyeka saMgIta se pUrita hai| yahI nahIM jaba prakRti bilkula zAMta hotI hai, kahIM koI AhaTa, koI spandana, koI sarasarAhaTa nahIM ho taba vAtAvaraNa meM sannATA hI pratidhvani hotA haiM vaha saMgIta kI hI pratItI hai| saMgIta asImita, achora tathA azeSa haiN| vidvAnoM ne saMgIta ko Izvara prApti kA sabase bar3A sAdhana mAnA hai aura apanI khoja dvArA yaha pramANita kara diyA hai ki saMsAra ke anya samI rAstoM meM ulajhAva haiM, bhaTakana haiN| vyakti una para calakara kahIM na kahIM prapaMca meM par3a sakatA hai, apane lakSya se bhaTaka sakatA hai kyoMkI anya sAdhana jaise tapa, dAna, yajJa, karma aura yoga ina saba meM citta kA vicalana saMbhava haiN| tapasyA kA AraMbhahI kaSTa se hotA haiN| dAna aura yajJa ke lie prathama svayaM kA sAdhana sampanna honA Avazyaka haiN| karma meM phala kI bhAvanA pahale jAgrata ho jAtI hai| yoga kA bahuta aspaSTa aura jaTila hai| phalata: vyakti bahuta jaldI apane nirNaya se Diga jAtA hai| kintu saMgIta hI eka mAtra mAdhyama hai jo samasta vicAroM se mukta rakhate hue mokSa ke mArga taka pahu~catA hai| saMgIta yoga ki vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake prAraMbha aura aMta meM sukha hI milatA hai| isalie mokSa kA mArga kaSTa rahita aura sahana ho jAtA hai| yoga aura jJAna ke AcArya zrI yAjJavalkya kahate haiM ki "vINA vAdana tatvajJa: zruti jAti vishaardH|" tAlajJazcAprayAsena, mokSa mArga prycchti||" "zikSA kA, manuSya kA samyaka vikAsa meM bahuta bar3A yogadAna haiM (saMgIta zAstra ke anusAra) manuSya kI antarnihita pUrNatA ko vyakta karane ko zikSA hI kahA gayA hai| manuSya ke vikAsa meM vibhinna viSayoM kI mAnyatA hai| kintu hRdaya pakSa kA vikAsa lalita kalAoM se saMbhava haiN| deha kI thakAvaTa kA to upacAra hai kiMtu mana kI thakAvaTa kA upacAra nhiiN| 309
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________________ aura kalAoM meM bhI saMgIta kA sthAna sarvocca hai|" saMgIta mAnavatA kA saMcAra karatA hai| yaha jIvana kA samucita vikAsa karatA hai| jIvana ko anuzAsita aura niyantrita karatA haiN| samyatA, sAMskRtikatA vizAla draSTi, Atmabala, sahanazIlatA aura vinamratA kI sRSTi saMgIta se hI saMbhava hai| saMgIta se hRdaya kI kaTutA, chala, prapaMca kaThoratA naSTa hotI hai| aura ziSTatA tathA sneha sthApita hotA hai| yadi jIvana se saMgIta alaga kara diyA jAya to phira manuSya kevala mazIna banakara raha jaaygaa| Aja kI sAmAjika aura Arthika vyavasthA ne vyakti, vyakti ko alaga kiyA hai| sAmAjika ekatA kI jagaha vikhaNDana kI sthiti nirmita kI haiN| uccavarga aura nimna varga ko janma diyA hai| isa doSa pUrNa Arthika vyavasthA ne donoM vargoM ke bIca khAI ko aura adhika gaharA kara diyA hai| natIjana donoM varga eka dUsare ko pratidvandI, aura duzmana mAnate haiN| isake pIche do mahatvapUrNa ghaTakoM kA pUrA-pUrA hAtha haiN| ye donoM ghaTaka hai rAjanIti aura dhrm| sArA samAja dharma aura rAjanIti para TikA hai| pUrNatayA inhIM se prabhAvita haiM aura saMcAlita haiN| yaha nirvivAda satya hai ki rAjanIti aura dharma kabhI vyakti ko jor3atI nahIM, tor3atI hI hai| ina donoM ghaTako ne kabhI samAja ko ekatA ke sUtrameM nahIM bAMdhA, hamezA vighaTita hI kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki samAja ke TUTane, jarjara hone aura Apasa meM TakarAne para hI rAjanIti panapatI haiM aura dharma jIvita rahatA hai| isI taraha bhASA bhI kabhI kisI ko eka sUtra meM nahIM bAMdha sktii| jisa bhASA ko bhI mahatva diyA jAyagA vaha dUsaroM para lAdI gaI bhASA hI hogii| vivazatA vaza loga dUsarI bhASA ko svIkAra karate hai| lekina andara se loga usake prati samarpita nahIM hote| isI kAraNa bAra-bAra bhASA kA jhagaDA khar3A ho jAtA hai| kyoMki koI bhI yaha nahIM cAhatA ki usa para dUsarI bhASA kA adhikAra ho| isa taraha dharma aura rAjanIti kI taraha hI bhASA bhI eka dUsare ko jor3ane meM sahAyaka nahIM ho sktii| jaba bhI ina AdhAroM para prayAsa kiye gaye ApasI TakarAhaTa tatha bheda adhika paidA hue haiN| vyakti vyakti ke bIca alagAva samApta kara AtmIya sambandha sthApita karane kA kAma kalA ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai| kalA meM bhI saMgIta se adhika saMbhAvanA hai| manuSya saMgIta ke dvArA Adi kAla se prabhAvita hotA A rahA haiN| saMgIta ke pratI AkarSaNa manuSya kA janmajAta guNa haiN| choTe baccoM meM saMgIta ke prati bahuta adhika rUjhAna hotA haiN| bacce ke samAne yadi gIta gAyA jAve, koI vAdya yA jhunajhunA hI bajAyA jAya to baccA khuza ho uThatA hai| usa dhuna ke sAtha vaha kilakAriyAM bharane lagatA hai| tAliyAM bajAne lagatA hai aura hAtha pA~va paTakane lagatA hai| lorI sunakara so jAtA hai| sociye kyA kAraNa haiM ki bAlaka itanA mugdha ho jA hai? kyA kevala dhvani ke kAraNa hI usakA dhyAna baha jAtA haiM? yadi aisA haiM taba to kutte ke bhauMkane se bhI itanA prabhAva par3anA cAhie? para aisA nahIM hotaa| dhvanI ke sAtha raMjakatA bhI to AvAyaka hai| kyoMki baccA to raMjakatA se prabhAvita hotA haiN| yahI raMjakatA saMgIta meM hotI hai| manuSya hara sthiti aura avasthA meM saMgIta kA sahArA letA hai| du:kha meM bhI to sukha meM bhI! bacapana meM vaha Ananda aura mastI kA saMgIta pasaMda karatA hai| yuvAvasthA meM zRMgAra aura prema tathA utsAha vAlA saMgIta pasaMda karatA hai| praur3ha hone para usakI ruci gaMbhIratA kI ora ho jAtI hai to vRddhAavasthA meM vaha AdhyAtmika saMgIta meM Atmika zAMti DhUMDhatA hai| saMgIta kA dhvanyAtmaka rupa bhASA ke janma se pahale kA nahIM to kama se kama usake sAtha 310 abhinaya kabhI satya nahI hotA kiMtu chadma veSadhAriyoM ko isakA dhyAna kucha kama hI rahatA hai|
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________________ kA to haiM hii| usa samaya jaba bhASA kA prayoga ThIka zuru nahIM huA thaa| vyakti prasannatA aura utsAha ke kSaNoM meM mana ke udagAroM ko vibhinna hAvabhAva uchalane kUdane tathA vibhinna dhvaniyoM ke dvArA abhivyakta karatA thaa| dhIre dhIre una viziSTa dhvani samUhoM ko sthAyI banA liyA gyaa| samaya ke sAtha sAtha usameM sudhAra hotA gyaa| Age calakara vahI loka saMgIta bana gyaa| jahA~ manuSya ne Aga kA aviSkAra kiyaa| zikAra aura surakSA ke lie hathiyAroM kA prayoga kiyA vahIM usane apane manoraMjana ke lie saMgIta ke bAMsa yaMtra bnaaye| ve vAdyayaMtra patthara, lakar3I aura pazuoM ke "sodhI ke huA karate the| 'sIMghI' vAdya jo ki pazuoM ke sIMgha se banAyA gayA hai jo usI AkheTa yuga kA hai| isase prakaTa hotA hai ki bilkula prAraMbhika kAla meM bhI manuSya saMgIta se prabhAvita hotA hai| hamAre yahA~ Adima jAtiyoM meM saMgIta ke prati bahuta lagAva hai| ve jAtiyA~ jo abhI pUrI taraha vikasita nahIM huI hai| zikSA kA unameM koI pracAra-prasAra nahIM hai| Aja kI zaharI sabhyatA tathA samasta vikAsa se ve pUrNa tathA aparicita hai, phira bhI saMgIta unake jIvana kA eka Avazyaka aMga hai| vivAha janma aura anya zubha avasaroM para sAmUhika gAyana aura nRtya kA Ayojana hotA hI hai| mele tathA sArvajanika utsavoM para puruSa aura mahilAoM mAdala, Dhola, bAMsa kI manohArI dhuna aura thAlI kI jhanakAra para jhumate gAte logoM ko dekhakara lagatA hai saMgIta inase gaharAI taka utarA huA hai| zikSA inheM prabhAvita nahIM kara sakI, zaharI camaka-damaka kA ina para koI asara nahIM par3A para saMgIta inheM jarUra chU gyaa| kyA isase bar3hakara hai koI aura sAdhana jo vyakti ko aise adbhuta Ananda meM DUbo de? zAyada nahIM hamAre prAcIna kavi isa bAta ko khUba acchI taraha jAnate the ki kavitA ko saMgIta ke dvArA hI vyakti kI antaraAtmA taka pahu~cAyA jA sakatA hai tabhI to unhoMne apane kAvya meM saMgIta ko pradhAnatA dI hai| tulasIdAsa, sUradAsa, saMta tukArAma dAdU dayAla, kabIradAsa aura mIrAbAI Adi racanAkAroM ne manuSya ke svabhAvako sAmane rakha sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| rAmacarita mAnasa jitanI par3he likheM aura dehAtiyoM meM par3hI aura sunI jAtI hai| suradAsa aura kabiradAsa jana-jana ke gAyaka bane tathA mIrA ke gIta kaMTha-gaMTha ke svara banakara amara ho utthe| ina kavioM kI itanI loka priyatA kA kAraNa yaha hai unhoMne saMgIta kA sahArA liyaa| apanI racanAoM meM rasa aura jJeyatA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA isalie unakI racanAe~ jana-jana taka pahu~ca kara amara ho gii| paMta prAsAda nirAlA, mahAdevI varmA aura harivaMzarAya baccana ne isI siddhAnta ko apnaayaa| Aja ke racanAkAra yogyatA ke mAmale meM bahuta Age haiN| unakA lekhana bhI bahuta sazakta hai| phira bhI unakI bAta jana sAmAnya ko chUtI nahIM, unheM becaina nahI karatI, socane ke lie ukasAtI nhiiN| isakA sIdhA sA kAraNa yaha haiM ki Aja kI kavitA meM rasa samApta ho gayA hai| kavitA se saMgIta pakSa ko nikAla diyA gayA phalata: kavitA bejAna ho gaI hai| aba racanAkAra likhatA to bahuta hai, saprayAsa acchA bhI likhatA haiM para vaha jana-jana taka pahu~catA nhiiN| bhule bhaTake pahu~ca bhI jAtA hai to asara nahIM krtaa| kavitA kevala zabda hI nahIM rasa bhI hai, laya bhI hai tathA bhAva bhI haiM aura vaha saba saMgIta ke binA kahA~ saMbhava? saMgIta ke binA kavitA zuSka ho gii| usameM akAla grasta kheta kI taraha tIDeM par3a gaI haiN| kitane hI vAda khaDe ho gaye haiM aura jana-jana ke du:kha takaliphoM ko ukerane aura jana cetanA kA dAvA karane vAlI kavitA apane ApasI jhaghaDoM meM par3akara naSTa hotI jA rahI haiN| saMgIta samAnatA ke bhAva ko janma detA hai| sahayoga, udAratA tathA paraspara meM bhI sikhAtA doSoM kA svayaM nirIkSaNa kare, nirIkSaNa karane bAda usakA saMzodhana kre| 311
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________________ hai| jana koI saMgItakAra apanI kalA kA pradarzana kara rahA hotA hai taba koI zrotA yA darzaka yaha nahIM socatA ki vaha kalAkAra kisa jAti yA dharma se sambandhIta hai| usa samaya jAtigata athavA dhArmika bheda yAda nahIM aate| usa samaya to vyakti bAhara ke tamAma avarodho se mukta hokara parama Ananda meM ramane lagatA haiN| vaha Ananda AtmA se upajatA hai| AtmA ke dharAtala para saba samAna hai| saMgIta AtmA ko jagAne kA kAma karatA hai| mAnava ko udAra mana, nirvikAra aura nirmala banAtA haiN| yahI kAraNa haiM hameM bisamillAkhAM kI zahanAI meM utanA hI Ananda AtA hai jitanA paM. ravizaMkara ke sitAra meM AtA hai| baDe gulAma alI hameM utane hI prabhAvita karate haiM jitane paMDita auMkAranAtha ThAkura, amIrakhAM, alI akhabara khAM, abdula hamIda jAphara, paravina sultAnA, begama akhtara, mehadI hasana kA saMgIta sunakara mana rasa meM utanA hI bhIga jAtA hai jitanA kumAra gaMdharva paM. jasarAja jItendra abhISekI, bhImasena jozI, zarana rAnI aura nirmalA devI kA saMgIta sunakara bhIga jAtA hai| ina kalAkAroM kA saMgIta sunate hue mana meM kahIM leza mAtra vikAra zeSa nahIM rhtaa| saMsAra kA koI bhI aisA sAdhana nahIM hai jo vyakti ko vyakti se itanI gaharAI meM sahajatA se jor3a de| bA~surI kI manohArI dhuna sunakara 'hIraNa' dauDA AtA hai| "bIna' kI AvAja para sarpa jhUmane lagatA hai| alaguMjo kI gUMja para 'gA~ye' raMbhAtI huI dauDI AtI hai| isake alAvA prayogoM dvArA yaha bhI pramANita ho gayA hai ki saMgIta ke dvAre paudhe bhI bar3e ho sakate hai| isa prakAra kucha rogoM ko saMgIta ke dvArA dUra karane meM saphalatA milI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki saMgIta rogI meM AzA kA saMcAra karatA hai| utsAha aura jIvana ke prati moha paidA karatA hai, jo ki kisI bhI roga ke nidAna meM kAphI sahAyaka hai| itihAsa meM saMgIta ke camatkArika prabhAvoM ke kaI pramANa milate haiN| kRSNa kI bAMsurI para bRja ke naranArI, pazu-pakSI saba mUgdha the| saMgIta samrATa tAnasena aura baijU bAvarA ke bAre meM bhI yahI pracalita haiM ki ve apane saMgIta se varSA karA dete the| dIyoM kA jalanA aura pattharoM ko pighalAnA unake lie sahaja thaa| yaha bAta zAyada kucha logoM ko atizayokti pUrNa lage para paMDita auMkAra nAtha ThAkura ne jo prayoga kiyA usa para avizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| unhoMne eka bAra cir3iyA ghara ke eka khUkhAra zera ko belA (eka vAdya) sunaayaa| udhara paMDitajI belA bajA rahe the idhara dahAr3e mAratA huA zera zAMta hone lgaa| thor3I dera bAda dekhA ki paMDita auMkAranAtha ThAkura jaMgala ke sAmane baiThe tanmayatA se belA para rAga bajA rahe the aura udhara jaMgala ke andara zera cupacApa baiThA apane paMje cATa rahA thA aura usakI A~kho se A~su gira rahe the| yaha saMgIta kA hI prabhAva thA jisane khUkhAra jAnavara ko bhI amibhUta kara diyaa| aMta meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMgIta kA mAnava jIvana se bahuta gaharA sambandha saMgIta ko sIdhe AtmA taka pahu~catA hai| saMgIta sunakara sukhI AdamI kA sukha dviguNita ho jAtA hai| samasta ciMtAoM aura nirAzA aura tanAvoM se mukti ke lie saMgIta eka mAtra upAya hai| yaha Izvara prApti kA sahaja mAdhyama hai| vyakti, vyakti ke bIca AtmIyatA kA seturupa haiN| saMsAra kA pratyeka vyakti aura bhASAe~ jAnatA ho yA nahIM, para vaha saMgIta kI bhASA jarura jAnatA hai| 312 zAstra vANI kA saMkSepa meM yadi koI sAra hai to mAtra itanA hai ki anAsatka bhAva se kiyA jaaye|