Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samrATa akabara aura jaina dharma bhAratIya itihAsa meM dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva ke pratiSThApakoM meM jina samrAToM kA ullekha milatA hai unameM samrATa azoka evaM harSa ke bAda samrATa akabara kA nAma AtA hai| bhAratIya muslima zAsakoM meM jo sAmAnyatayA dhArmika dRSTi se kaTTaratAvAdI rahe haiM, akabara hI eka mAtra aisA vyaktitva hai, jo siddhAnta evaM vyavahAra donoM hI dRSTiyoM se apekSAkRta rUpa meM dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva kA samarthaka rahA hai, cAhe yaha usane apane rAjanaitika uddezyoM kI pUrti hetu hI kiyA ho| yaha satya hai ki vaha anya dharma va paramparAoM ke AcArya, santoM aura vidvAnoM ko apane darabAra meM sammAnapUrvaka sthAna detA thaa| akabara kI dhArmika udAratAvAdI dRSTi ke pariNAmasvarUpa aneka kaTTara muslima ulemA bhI usake Alocaka evaM virodhI rahe haiM, phira bhI akabara ne unakI paravAha na karake apane prazAsana meM anya dharma-paramparA ke logoM ko samucita sthAna diyA aura unakI bhAvanAoM ko samajhane kA prayatna kiyaa| akabara meM dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva kI dRSTi kina kAraNoM se vikasita huI, yaha vivAda kA viSaya hai? isa sambandha meM itihAsakAroM evaM samAlocakoM ke mantavya alaga-alaga haiN| kucha yaha mAnate haiM ki akabara ne apanI nItiyoM meM jisa dhArmika udAratA kA paricaya diyA usakA kAraNa usakI rAjanaitika mahattvAkAMkSA hI thii| vaha apane prazAsana meM jisa amana va zAnti kI apekSA rakhatA thA, vaha dhArmika kaTTaratA meM sambhava na hokara dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva ke dvArA hI sambhava thii| apanI isa udAravAdI dRSTi ke AdhAra para vaha bhAratIya jana-mAnasa ko vizeSa rUpa se hindU jana-mAnasa ko prabhAvita karanA cAhatA thA aura yaha dikhAnA cAhatA ki vaha eka muslima zAsaka hokara bhI hinduoM kA hitacintaka hai| ata: vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki usakI yaha dhArmika sadbhAva va sahiSNutA kI nIti vastuta: usakI rAjanItika mahattvAkAMkSA kA hI pariNAma hai, kyoMki apane prazAsana ke prArambha aura anta meM vaha eka kaTTara muslima zAsaka ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane AtA hai, jabaki usakA madhyakAla dhArmika udAratA kA paricAyaka hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki akabara kI dhArmika sahiSNatA kI nIti usakI prazAsanika AvazyakatA thI, kyoki yadi svabhAvata: ina siddhAntoM meM usakI AsthA hotI to jisa jajiyA kara ko usane samApta kiyA thA, use hI
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samrATa akabara aura jaina dharma apane susthApita hone bAda punaH lAgU nahIM karatA / dUsarA dRSTikoNa yaha bhI hai ki akabara vastutaH eka udAra dRSTikoNasampanna vyakti thA, kyoMki usane apane jIvana ke AdhAra para yaha pAyA thA ki hindU evaM muslima donoM hI dharmoM ke kaTTaratAvAdI loga vastutaH jana-mAnasa ko gumarAha karate haiM aura sAmAjika zAnti ko bhaMga karate haiN| phatehapura sIkarI meM banAe gae ibAdataqhAne meM ye dhArmika loga kisa prakAra se apane sthAna Adi ko lekara Apasa meM lar3ate the, isa sabako dekhakara, sambhava hai use dharmAndhatA se vitRSNA utpanna ho gayI ho aura usane dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva kI dizA meM apane prayatna prArambha kiye hoN| jIvana ke antima kAla meM usameM jo kucha dhArmika kaTTaratA ke lakSaNa pratIta hote haiM, unakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jIvana kI antima avasthA meM paraloka ke bhaya ke kAraNa dharma ke prati eka vizeSa lagAva utpanna ho jAtA hai / antima kAla meM usakI dhArmika kaTTaratA sambhavataH isI kA pariNAma thI / 72 usake mana meM jo dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva vikasita huA usakA kAraNa kyA thA, isa prazna kA uttara dete hue kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha bhI mAnA hai ki vaha jaina AcAryoM ke prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa huA thaa| jaina dharma apane prArambhika kAla se hI anekAntavAda kA samarthaka rahA hai aura usakA siddhAnta dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva kA samarthaka hai| yaha to spaSTa hai ki akabara hIravijaya, samayasundara, vijayasena, bhAnucandra Adi aneka jaina AcAryoM aura muniyoM ke samparka meM rahA hai| jaina dharma meM dhArmika sahiSNutA va sadbhAva kA vikAsa jo anekAnta ke siddhAnta para huA hai usakI samasta carcA to yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai, kintu usake AdhAra yaha avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki akabara ke jIvana meM dhArmika sahiSNutA va sadbhAva ke evaM pazuvadha aura mAMsAhAra ko kama karane sambandhI jisa dRSTikoNa kA vikAsa huA vaha jaina AcAryoM ke samparka kA hI pariNAma thA / akabara se jina jaina AcAryoM kA vizeSa rUpa se sambandha rahA hai unameM hIravijaya sUri, vijayasena sUri, bhAnucandra upAdhyAya, upAdhyAya zAnticandra, upAdhyAya samayasundara, upAdhyAya siddhicaMdra, jinacaMdrasUri, jinasiMhasUri, nandavijaya, jayasoma, mahopAdhyAya sAdhukIrti Adi mukhya haiN| ata: akabara meM pazuvadha, mAMsAhAra-niSedha tathA dhArmika sahiSNutA kI jo pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai usakA eka kAraNa usa para ina jaina santoM kA prabhAva bhI hai| akabara ne jaina santoM ko jo faramAna pradAna kiye the, unase bhI ina tathyoM kI puSTi hotI hai| akabara ke dvArA jaina AcAryoM ke jArI faramAnoM meM mukhya faramAna aura unakI viSayavastu nimnalikhita hai
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samrATa akabara aura jaina dharma AcArya hIravijaya sUri ko akabara dvArA pradatta prathama faramAna meM yaha nirdeza hai ki paryuSaNa ke 12 dinoM meM una kSetroM meM jahA~ jaina jAti nivAsa karatI hai, koI bhI jIva na mArA jaay| miti 7 jamAdulasAnI, hiz2arI, san 992 / ( dekheM - nInA jaina, mugala samrAToM kI dhArmika nIti, pR0 161-162 ) dUsarA faramAna bhI hIravijaya sari ko diyA gyaa| isameM siddhAcala ( zatrujaya ), girinAra, tAraMgA, kezariyAjI, AbU ( sabhI gujarAta ), rAjagiri, sammeda zikhara Adi jaina tIrtha-kSetroM meM pahAr3oM para tathA mandira ke Asa-pAsa koI bhI jIva na mArA jaay| isa ullekha ke sAtha yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki yadyapi pazuhiMsA kA niSedha islAma ke viruddha lagatA hai phira bhI paramezvara ko pahacAnane vAle manuSyoM kA kAyadA hai ki kisI ke dharma meM dakhala na deN| ye arja merI naz2ara meM durusta mAlUma pdd'ii| tArIkha 7 mAha uradI behesta mutAbika raviula avala vahI, san 37 julusii| yaha ilAhI saMvat 35 mutAbika 28vIM muharrama, san 999 hiz2arI kA hai| ( dekheM - vahI, pR0 163-164 ) hIravijaya ko diye gae tIsare faramAna meM vizeSa rUpa se dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sadbhAva kI bAta kahI gayI hai| ( vahI, pR0 165-166 ) __ cauthA faramAna akabara dvArA vijayasena sUri ko pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| ye hIravijaya ke ziSya the| isa faramAna meM yaha likhA hai ki hara mahIne meM kucha dina gAya, baila, maiMsa Adi ko nahIM khAnA aura use ucita evaM pharja mAnanA tathA pakSiyoM ko na mAranA tathA unheM pijar3e meM kaida na krnaa| jaina maMdiroM evaM upAzrayoM para koI kabjA na kare tathA jIrNa mandiroM ko banavAne para unheM koI bhI vyakti na roke| isa taraha yaha bhI nirdeza hai ki varSA Adi honA yA na honA Izvara ke adhIna hai, isakA doSa jaina sAdhuoM para denA mUrkhatA hai| jainoM ko apane dharma ke anusAra apanI dhArmika kriyAyeM karane denA caahie| tArIkha, zaharyura, mahInA ilAhI, san 46 mutAbika tArIkha 25 mahInA saphana, hijarI san 1010 / ( vahI, pR0 167-168 ) akabara kA pA~cavA~ faramAna jinacandra sari ko diyA gayA hai| AcArya jinacandra sUri ne 'paryuSaNa ke bAraha dinoM meM hiMsA na ho', aisA Adeza prApta kiyA thaa| usameM pUrva bAraha dinoM ke atirikta ASAr3ha zukla kI navamIM se pUrNamAsI taka bhI kisI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM kI jAya, aisA nirdeza hai - tArIkha 31 khuradAda ilAhI, san 49 (vahI, pR0 171 ) akabara dvArA jaina sAdhuoM kA sammAna karane tathA unheM faramAna dene kI jo paramparA prArambha huI thI usakI vizeSatA yaha thI ki usakI agalI pIr3hI meM bhI
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samrATa akabara aura jaina dharma na kevala sAdhuoM ko unake darabAra meM sthAna milA apitu unheM zahajAdoM kI zikSA kA dAyitva bhI diyA gyaa| akabara ke pazcAt jahA~gIra evaM zAhajahA~ ne bhI isI prakAra ke amArI arthAt pazu-hiMsA - niSedha ke faramAna diye| akabara ke mana meM mAMsAhAra evaM pazuhiMsA - niSedha ke lie jo vicAra vikasita hue the unake pIche ina jainAcAryoM kA prabhAva rahA hai, isa tathya se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 74 akabara meM jo dhArmika sahiSNutA va sadbhAva kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa huA usakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki usane svayaM apanI anubhUti ke AdhAra para yaha jAna liyA thA ki koI bhI dharma pUrNa nahIM hai aura caramasatya ko jAna lenA mAnava ke vaza kI bAta nhiiN| phatehapura sIkarI ke ibAdataqhAne meM vaha vibhinna dharmoM ke vidvAn AcAryoM kI bAteM sunatA thA aura anya dharmoM ke prati kI gayI unakI samAlocanA para dhyAna bhI detA thA, isase use yaha jJAna ho gayA thA ki koI bhI dharma pUrNa nahIM hai| kisI bhI dharma-paramparA dvArA apanI pUrNatA kA evaM apane ko ekamAtra satya hone kA dAvA karanA nirarthaka hai| yaha vahI dRSTi thI jo ki anekAnta kI tattva vicAraNA meM jaina AcAryoM ne prastuta kI thI aura jise unhoMne darzana paramparA kA AdhAra banAyA thaa| cAhe akabara meM yaha udAra yA anekAntika dRSTi jaina AcAryoM ke prabhAva se AyI ho yA dharmAcAryoM ke pArasparika vAda-vivAda aura samIkSA ke kAraNa, jinakA samrATa svayaM sAkSI hotA thA, kintu yaha nizcita hai ki usakI jo bhI anubhUti thI, vaha jaina darzana ke anekAnta siddhAnta ke anukUla thii| yaha bhI nizcaya hai ki AcAryoM ne usakI isa anubhUti ko apane anekAnta siddhAnta ke anukUla batAkara use puSTa kiyA hogA aura pariNAmasvarUpa akabara para unakI isa udAra - vRtti kA prabhAva huA hogA / akabara para jaina sAdhuoM kA prabhAva isaliye bhI adhika par3A kyoMki ve niHspRha aura aparigrahI the, unhoMne rAjA se apanI sukha-suvidhA ke liye kabhI kucha nahIM mA~gA, jaba bhI bAdazAha ne unase kucha mA~gane kI bAta kahI to unhoMne sadaiva hI sabhI dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM ke saMrakSaNa tathA pazu-hiMsA va mAMsAhAra ke niSedha ke faramAna hI mA~ge / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki akabara, jahA~gIra evaM zAhajahA~ taka mug2alasamrAToM kI jo udAra nIti rahI hai usake mUla meM inake darabAroM meM upasthita aura ina samrAToM ke dvArA AdRta jaina AcAryoM kA bhI mahattvapUrNa hAtha hai| hameM yaha svIkAra karane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki jainAcAryoM ke prabhAva ke atirikta aise anya tathya bhI the jinakA prabhAva akabara kI udAravAdI nIti para rahA hogaa| akabara kI dhArmika udAratA kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki usake pitA
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ samrATa akabara aura jaina dharma 75 75 ko aura svayaM use bhI apanI sattA ke lie hinduoM kI apekSA muslimoM se hI adhika saMgharSa karanA par3A thA aura akabara ne yaha samajha liyA thA ki bhArata para zAsana karane meM usake mukhya pratispardhI hindU na hokara musalamAna hI haiN| dUsare yaha ki usane hinduoM para zAsana karane hetu unakA sahayoga prApta karanA Avazyaka samajhA thaa| isa prakAra rAjanaitika paristhitiyoM ne bhI use dhArmika udAratA kI nIti svIkAra karane hetu vivaza kiyA thaa| anta meM hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki akabara meM dhArmika udAratA kA eka kramika vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai| prArambha meM vaha eka niSThAvAna musalamAna hI rahA hai| cAhe vaha kaTTara dharmAndha na rahA ho phira bhI usake prArambhika jIvana meM usakI islAma ke prati niSThA adhika thI, kintu rAjapUta rAjAoM se mile sahayoga evaM rAjapUta kanyAoM se vivAha ke pariNAmasvarUpa usameM dhArmika udAratA kA prAdurbhAva huaa| usane apanI rAniyoM ko apanI-apanI dhArmika niSThAoM evaM vidhiyoM ke anusAra upAsanA kI anumati dI thii| dhIre-dhIre phakIroM evaM sAdhuoM ke satsaMga se bhI usameM eka AdhyAtmika cetanA kA vikAsa huA aura usane yuddhabandiyoM ko musalamAna banAne aura gulAma banAne kI prathA ko samApta kiyaa| sarvaprathama usane san 1563 meM tIrthayAtriyoM para se kara tathA usake bAda jajiyA kara samApta kara diyA, sAtha hI gaira musalamAnoM ko apane dhArmika sthaloM ko nirmita karavAne kI chUTa dI aura unheM ucca-padoM para adhiSThita kiyaa| ye aise tathya haiM jo batAte haiM ki akabara meM jisa dhArmika udAratA kA vikAsa huA thA vaha eka kramika vikAsa thaa| isa kramika vikAsa se yaha bhI pratiphalita hotA hai ki vaha paristhitiyoM evaM vyaktiyoM se prabhAvita hotA rahA hai| ata: jainAcAryoM ke dvArA bhI usakA prabhAvita honA svAbhAvika hai| ata: akabara ke jIvana meM jo udAratA evaM ahiMsaka vRtti kA vikAsa huA usakA bahuta kucha zreya jainAcAryoM ko bhI hai| sandarbha-grantha mug2ala samrAToM kI dhArmika nIti, ku0 nInA jaina, kAzInAtha sarApha, vijayadharma sUri, samAdhi mandira, zivapurI, 1991. maNidhArI zrI jinacandra sUri abhinandana grantha, agaracanda nAhaTA va bhaMvara lAla nAhaTA, maNidhArI jinacandra sUri aSTama zatAbdI samAroha samiti, dillI, san 1971. akabara dI greTa, vinse e smitha, oNksaphorDa aiTa dI kleraNDana presa, 1919.
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 76 samrATa akabara aura jaina dharma dI rilIjiyasa paoNlisI oNfa dI mug2ala empararsa, zrI rAma zarmA, eziyA pabliziMga hAusa, naI dillI, 1962. dI mug2ala empAyara, AzIrvAdIlAla zrIvAstava, zivalAla eNDa kampanI, AgarA, . 1967. sUrIzvara ane samrATa, munirAja vidyAvijaya jI, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara, saM0 1979. jagadguru hIra, mumukSu bhavyAnanda, vijayazrI jJAna mandira, ghANerAva, mAravAr3a, saMvat 2008. jaina zAsana dIpAvalI no khAsa aMka, hIravijaya sUri oNra dI jainsa aiTa dI korTa oNpha akabara, cimanalAla DAhyAbhAI, harSacanda bhUrAbhAI, banArasa siTI, saMvat 2438. Jain. Education International