Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vimala varmA sAmpradAyikatA aura itihAsa dRSTi vizva pUMjIvAda ke isa carama evaM sarvavyApI saMkaTa meM hama janavAdI krAMti ke lie prastuta ho rahe haiN| yaha janavAdI krAMti sAmantavAda, sAmrAjyavAda aura inAredAra pUMjIvAda ke viruddha hai| yaha saMgharSa kRSi krAMti aura rAjasattA para adhikAra ke lie kiyA jA rahA hai| vartamAna daura meM dezavyApI vAmapaMthI AMdolana ke Arthika aura rAjanItika dRSTikoNa kA yahI mukta svara hai / isa saMgharSa meM sahayogI sAMskRtika kAryakartAoM kA Aja mukhya dAyitva yahI hai ki ve apanI saMgharSamayI sRjanazIlatA se janamAnasa kI cetanA kA stara UMcA utthaayeN| zAsaka-zoSaka varga dvArA nirmita jIrNa-zIrNa vicAroM, AdarzoM evaM saMskAroM kA unmUlana kara jIvanonmukhI svastha cetanA ko nirmita kareM aura use pracArita-prasArita kreN| vyAvahArika anubhava kI kasauTI para hameM dainandina jIvana meM vibhinna prakAra kI jaTilatAoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| aisA bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki kucha sAdhaka aise haiM, lekina pariNAma meM ve asaphala hote jA rahe haiN| aisA kyoM ? daraasala kisI mahat kArya ke lie mAtra laganazIlatA hI paryApta nahIM hai| kisI bhI Andolana meM khAsakara sAMskRtika kSetra meM hameM usa pUrI prakriyA para vicAra karanA par3egA ki hamArI gatividhi hameM itihAsa kI kisa dizA meM le jA rahI hai| Aja bhAratIya bauddhikatA ko jaise lakavA mAra gayA hai| samAja ke jaba saceta tabake meM bhI eka taraha kI nizcintatA, udAsInatA, aura bhI jyAdA gaharA, jyAdA sApha aura jyAdA nikaTa dikhAyI detA bacakAnApana hIraka jayantI smArikA hai| Aja jaise hama eka jvaragrasta imarajeMsI ke antarAla meM jI rahe haiN| kyA binA apane bhItara ke alagAva se mukti pAye hama isa saMkaTa se chuTakArA pA sakate haiM? koI bhI jAti saMkaTa kI ghar3I meM apane atIta ko, apanI jar3oM ko TaTolatI hai| yaha AtmamaMthana kI bhI ghar3I hai| saMkaTa kI ghar3I meM apanI paramparA kA mUlyAMkana karanA, eka taraha se khuda apanA mUlyAMkana karanA hai| saMskRti manuSya kI AtmacetanA kA hI pradarzana nahIM, yaha usa sAmUhika manISA kI utpatti hotI hai jisake dvArA vyakti vizva se jur3atA hai| pratyeka jAti apanI paramparA kI AMkhoM se yathArtha ko chAnatI hai| sthiti to yaha hai ki hamArI cetanA kI aMdherI mithakIya jar3eM, itihAsa ke pAnI ko apane Upara se baha jAne de rahI haiN| hama jaise yathArtha ko nakAra kara atIta ke mithakoM, pratIkoM evaM duHsvapnoM meM jI rahe haiN| Aja jaba hama samasta mUlyoM aura mAnyatAoM kA srota apanI cetanA meM bhI DhUMr3hate haiM to isa saMdarbha ko samajhane ke lie hameM bhAratIya manISA ke TeksTacara kI bunAvaTa ko samajhanA pdd'egaa| hAlata to yaha hai ki hamAre bauddhika vaibhava kI zuruAta jina itihAsavidoM nekI, usI ke duSpariNAma aura unakI tArkika pariNati ke phalasvarUpa, vartamAna vibhISikA kA yaha vikarAla rUpa dikhAyI par3a rahA hai| vyAvahArika stara para itihAsa ko jhelanA aura manISA ke stara para usake dabAva ko asvIkAranA, yaha hameM AtmavibhAjita, hamAre vyaktitva ko khaMDita, hamArI AtmA ko khaMDita nahIM karegA to aura kyA karegA ? binA isa utsa ko samajhe hama apanI paramparA, apanI saMskRti aura apanI jIvana-paddhati ke mUla srotoM ko saceta DhaMga se niyojita nahIM kara skte| isI taraha hama apanI jAtIya asmitA ke prati avizvAsa ko khatma kara sakate haiN| prazna uThatA hai ki vartamAna, hamAre lie DhonevAlA bojhA kyoM bana gayA hai ? zAyada itihAsavidoM kI Atma-chalanA meM hI vartamAna saMkaTa ke bIja nihita haiN| mahimAmaMDita atIta ke prati pUjA bharI zraddhA, andhavizvAsa, bhaviSya ke prati apAra sammohana ke pIche vartamAna ke prati jo gaharI avajJA chipI huI hai, use itihAsa kI jar3oM meM DhUMDhanA pdd'egaa| eka ora itihAsakAra kA saMbaMdha atIta se hotA hai, dUsarI ora usakI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA usa samAja ke bhAvI nirmANa meM hotI hai jisakA vaha adhyayana karatA hai| atIta ke sAkSya ke sahAre usake vivecana vizleSaNa meM itihAsakAra apane samakAlIna pariveza se bhI prabhAvita hotA hai isalie aitihAsika vyAkhyA kI prakriyA doharI vana jAtI hai arthAt vartamAna kI AvazyakatAoM ko vikAsa ke niyamAnusAra atIta meM DhUMDhA jAya aura atIta ke vimba kA vartamAna se sAmanjasya sthApita kiyA jAya / atIta kA bimba bhaviSya meM kyA hogA yaha to itihAsakAra kI hI maulika dena hotI hai lekina bahuta se itihAsakAroM ne ise aise prastuta kiyA hai jisase pratikriyAvAdI rAjanItika bhramoM aura mithakoM kI sRSTi ho rahI hai| udAharaNa ke lie Arya jAti kI zreSThatA kA siddhAMta nirmita kiyA gayA jisakA phAyadA phAsisToM ne uThAyA / dvitIya vizvayuddha se lekara Aja taka usakI asahya yAtanA sabako jhelanI par3a rahI hai| dUsarA siddhAMta yaha gar3hA gayA ki vidvat khaNDa / 52
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hindU aura musalamAnoM ke do pRthaka rASTra hone caahie| isakA upayoga sAmrAjyavAdiyoM ne pAkistAna ke nirmANa kA aucitya siddha karane ke lie kiyaa| isa taraha kalpanA prasUta aucityoM kI talAza meM vartamAna ko atIta para Aropita kara pUrI kI pUrI pIr3hI ko gumarAha kiyA gyaa| itihAsakAroM ne bhArata ke atIta ke saMbaMdha meM kucha aise dRSTikoNa aura siddhAMta prastuta kiye jo uttarottara adhikAdhika aprAsaMgika hote jA rahe haiN| hameM Aja aupanivezika yuga ke itihAsa lekhana ke vitaNDAvAdI dRSTikoNoM se mukta hone kI jarUrata hai| apanI saMskRti aura itihAsa kA niSpakSa aura AlocanAtmaka mUlyAMkana karane kA AtmavizvAsa AnA caahie| Akhira atIta kA yaha kaisA bimba prastuta kiyA gayA jisane bhAratIyoM tathA videziyoM, donoM ke mana meM gahare pUrvAgrahoM ko janma diyaa| yaha Ama dhAraNA Aja bhI vidyamAna hai ki bhAratIya to apane itihAsa se vimukha the, ve apane itihAsa kA koI pralekha surakSita nahIM rakhate the| bhArata ke atIta kA anusaMdhAna aMgreja zAsakoM ke tatvAvadhAna meM Arambha huaa| sampUrNa bhAratIya atIta kI samajhadArI ke saMdarbha meM bahuta bar3A antara virodha yaha hai ki jemsamila jaise itihAsakAroM ne aura vizeSa karake IsAI dharma ke pracArakoM ne yaha pratipAdita kiyA ki bhArata ke atIta kI saMskRti meM buddhivAda ke tatva nahIM milate, unakI koI vidhi praNAlI bhI nahIM thii| bhAratIya atIta kA samAja gati zUnya thaa| isa vizleSaNa ne briTiza zAsakoM ko bar3I madada dI aura unhoMne yaha dAvA kiyA ki bhAratIya samAja ko badalane ke lie unhIM kA buddhivAdI kAnUna upayogI hai| unake hisAba se prAcIna bhArata meM kevala niraMkuzatA kA bolabAlA thaa| isa taraha prAcya niraMkuzatA para jora dekara sAmrAjyavAdiyoM ne isakA apane DhaMga se upayoga kiyaa| gaura karane kI bAta hai ki jemsamila kI likhI huI 'hisTrI oNpha briTiza iMDiyA' nAmaka pustaka se likhabarI kAleja kI pAThya pustaka banI jahAM bhArata bheje jAne vAle sivila adhikArI prazikSaNa pAte the| bhAratIya itihAsa kI aisI vyAkhyAeM pichale do sau varSoM se kI jA rahI haiN| yUropa meM rASTravAda kI jo lahara uThI usake phalasvarUpa yUropa ke atIta ko eka nayI dRSTi se dekhA jAne lagA, lekina jina logoM ne eziyA aura aphrIkA meM naye upaniveza basAye, unhoMne bhAratIya itihAsa kI vyAkhyA meM rASTravAdI dRSTi ko tAka para rakha diyA aura aise vicAroM kA pratipAdana kiyA jo bhAratIya itihAsa tathA saMskRti se saMbaMdhita baddha mUla dhAraNAoM meM parivartita ho gaye aura yahI dhAraNAyeM sAmrAjyavAda kI AvazyakatAoM ke lie upayogI bniiN| ___ jAhira hai ki Arthika sAmrAjyavAda kA pratirUpa Aja bhI sAMskRtika prabhutva meM samAyA huA hai| itihAsa ke vikAsa kI paddhatiyoM ke bAre meM aura itihAsa ke niyamoM kI jinheM jAnakArI hai, ve jAnate haiM ki samAja para, usake vikAsa paddhati para rAjakIya adhisaMracanA kA prabhutva hotA hai yadyapi usakA AdhAra Arthika DhAMcA hotA hai| isa adhisaraMcanAtmaka saMsthAoM meM maraNAsanna tathA navIna donoM taraha kI paddhatiyoM kI, sAmAjika saMsthAeM usake bhItara avayaMva ke rUpa meM zAmila rahatI haiN| lambe daura taka unakA saha kAyama rahatA hai aura ve eka-dUsare para gaharA prabhAva DAlatI haiN| vartamAna aitihAsika sthiti meM sAmAjika saMgharSoM para jaba nayI parivartita paristhitiyAM hastakSepa kara rahI haiM to paramparAgata dhArmika cetanA navodita prakriyAoM aura pravRttiyoM ke viruddha rUr3hivAdI pratikriyA kA AdhAra bana rahI hai| Aja utpAdaka zaktiyoM, utpAdana saMbaMdhoM, sAmAjika saMsthAoM, vicAra-dhArAtmaka dhAraNAoM tathA sAMskRtika mUlyoM ke kSetra meM saMkaTa ke lakSaNoM kA saMcaya ho rahA hai| yaha asaMtulana jahAM itihAsa kI nayI gati kI ora iMgita kara rahA hai vahIM yaha vibhinna prakAra kI vikRtiyoM ko bhI paidA kara rahA hai| udAharaNa ke lie unhIM itihAsakAroM ne isa bAta para jora diyA ki bhArata kA prAcIna samAja eka Adarza samAja thA, isameM sarvatra melajola kA vAtAvaraNa thA yAnI vahAM kisI prakAra kA dvandva nahIM thA, kyoMki bhArata ke loga to AdhyAtmikatA kI ora jyAdA unmukha the aura ve bhautikavAda kI ora jyAdA jhukAva nahIM rakhate the| isa mAnyatA se Aja sAMskRtika punarutthAna ko dhArmika punarutthAna se jor3a diyA hai aura isane tathAkathita hindutva kI rUr3hivAdI punazakti kI punarpratiSThA saMbhava karane kI eka bhUmikA banAyI jo Aja Arthika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika gatirodha paidA kara rahA hai, bhautika aura AdhyAtmika AdhAra para pazcimI aura pUrvI sabhyatA ko bAMTane kA yaha aparAdha Aja bhI eka aisI mAnasikatA ko janma de rahA hai, jisameM loga phaMsa kara mazIna ke hI virodhI ho gye| udAharaNa ke liye Arya aura anArya kA bheda aura usake duSpariNAma para yadi gaura kiyA jAya to eka nakalI vaijJAnika siddhAMtoM ke janma kA udbhava pAte haiN| upanivezavAdI va pRthakatAvAdI pravRttiyoM ko uttejanA dete haiM aura upaniveza meM yaha uttejanA hara guTa ko apanI saMskRti ke pRthaka mUla kI talAza kI ora le jAtI hai aura aisI paristhitiyAM utpanna hotI haiM ki rASTrIya saMskRti kI paribhASA aura pravRtti vichinnatAvAda, alagAvavAda tathA AMcalikatAvAda ko janma detA hai| hindU-muslima tanAva kA kAraNa batAne aura usa tanAva ko ucita ThaharAne ke lie yaha dhAraNAyeM Aja bhI bhAratIya samAja ko khaMDa-khaMDa karane meM lagI haiN| merI samajha se Arya jAti viSayaka dhAraNA ko bhAratIya paramparA se jor3anA anucita hai| prArambhika sAhitya meM AryoM kA ullekha bAra-bAra milatA hai, lekina isa zabda kA prayoga yA to vizeSa samAdRta vyakti ke rUpa meM yA mleccha athavA anArya se bhinna artha meM huA hai| bhinnatA kA AdhAra bhASA, mukhAkRti yA dhArmika pUjana hai| AryoM ko pRthaka sAMskRtika samudAya to mAnA gayA hai lekina alaga jAti ke rUpa meM nhiiN| atIta ke sAkSya jaise bodhAyana, jaina grantha bhagavatI sUtra, mahAvagm nAmaka bauddha grantha meM AryAvarta kI alaga-alaga paribhASA kI gaI hai| arthAt amuka samudAya ke srota kisa saMskRti kA pratinidhitva karate haiM aura usa saMskRti kA mukhya kendra kahAM thaa| uttara vaidika granthoM meM AryAvarta kA ullekha mukhyata: gaMgA-yamunA-dvAbA aura usake sImAvartI kSetroM ke artha meM huA hai| isa sImA se bAhara ke kSetroM kA ullekha sAmAnyata: mleccha deza ke rUpa meM huA hai| yaha mApadaNDa prajAti kA nahIM hai, jAhira hai ki vaijJAnika aura loka pracalita donoM arthoM meM prajAti kI parikalpanA hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 53
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Adhunika yUropa kI upaja hai| bhAratIya sabhyatA ke Arambha kI khoja karate hue vidvAna aksara vaidika sAhitya taka ruka jAte haiM, yaha khoja adhUrI hai aura isameM spaSTa kAladoSa hai| isake pahale tIsarI zatAbdI meM har3appA saMskRti kI jo khoja huI hai vaha isa mAnyatA kA khaMDana karatI hai| daraasala itihAsakAroM ne sAhityika srota ko hI adhika vizvasanIya mAnA unhoMne purAtAtvika sAkSya ko gIna banA diyaa| purAtatva kA saMbaMdha atIta ke bhautika avazeSoM kI khoja aura unakI vyAkhyA se hotA hai| isalie yaha anveSaNa do mahatvapUrNa kSetroM ke sambandha meM sAkSya prastuta karate haiN| pahalA zilpa vijJAna kA adhyyn| yaha adhyayana isa bAta kI jAnakArI detA hai ki saMskRtiyoM meM parivartana kaise aura kyoM hue ? itihAsa ke adhyayana meM dUsarA upAdAna pariveza saMbaMdhI sAkSya kA hotA hai| yAni amuka itihAsa kAla meM pariveza kA ghaTanAoM aura ghaTanAoM kA pariveza para kaise prabhAva pdd'aa| dhyAna dene kI bAta hai jaba taka manuSya kA astitva krama kAyama hai taba taka koI saMskRti miTatI nahIM / unnata saMskRti nagara kA atikramaNa kara apane irda-girda kI grAmINa saMskRtiyoM para bhI apanA prabhAva chor3a jAtI hai| aise nAgarika sAMskRtika kendroM kA bhautika dRSTi se bhale hI patana ho jAya, lekina unakI sAMskRtika paramparA bahudhA navAgaMtukoM dvArA dAkhila kiye gaye rItirivAjoM ko AtmasAt kara lete haiN| Aja dhIre-dhIre yaha jAnakArI ho rahI hai ki har3appA nivAsI cAhe jo rahe hoM, bhAratIya sabhyatA ke Adi pravartaka vahI the har3appA ke loga nagara nivAsI the aura tAmrazilpa vijJAna kA prayoga karate the kintu Rkvaidika loga yAyAvara pazupAlaka the| inakI artha vyavasthA pazupAlanonmukha thI aura kramaza: kRSi kI ora unmukha hotI jA rahI thii| sAmaveda, yajurveda aura atharvaveda tInoM vaidika granthoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki inakA bhaugolika kendra bindu paMjAba-hariyANA se khisaka kara dvAba aura madhya gaMgAghATI meM pahuMca gyaa| isameM aise samAja kI tasvIra milatI hai jo pazupAlaka se kRSaka bana cukA hai aura nAgarika jIvana kI zrIgaNeza ho cukA hai| bhASA kA prazna bhI itihAsa, vijJAna se sambaddha hotA hai| yaha bAta galata hai ki bhASA kA pracAra vijaya para hI nirbhara karatA hai| jo bhASA jitanI adhika unnati se jur3I hotI hai vaha utanI hI adhika pracArita-prasArita hotI hai| isalie bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI vibhinna itihAsakAla ke vibhinna sAmAjika rUpoM ke vikAsa ko tabhI samajhA jA sakatA hai jaba isa para gaura kiyA jAya ki samAja kisa prakAra saMgaThita thA, usake rUpa kisa hada taka parivartita hue| jAti samasyA ke bAre meM bhI bhAratIya itihAsakAroM ne bhramoM ko bar3hAvA diyA hai| sAtha hI sAtha sAmrAjyavAda aura Aja ke zoSaka-zAsaka varga ise unmAda kA rUpa de rahe haiN| daraasala prAcInakAla meM jAti pradhAna samAja kI vizeSatA thI jAtiyoM kA astitva / jAtiyAM vivAha saMbaMdhoM ko nirdhArita karane vAle vaMzAnugata samUha the, unakA gaThana zreNIbaddha rUpa meM peze ke anusAra hotA thA / isI AdhAra para ve paraspara eka dUsare kI sevA karate the| ataH jAtiyoM kA AdhAra samajhane ke lie tatkAlIna hIraka jayantI smArikA utpAdana saMbaMdhoM ko samajhanA pdd'egaa| dharma zAstra sAmAjika vaidhAnika grantha haiM, lekina usako sampUrNa vAstavika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki bhAratIya sabhyatA kA mUla yA srota kevala Arya jAti meM hI nahIM balki kaI saMskRtiyoM ke pArasparika samparka aura isa samparka ke phalasvarUpa eka dUsare para DAle gae prabhAva meM DhUMDhA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya darzana aura vicAra ke aitihAsika vikAsa para gaura kiyA jAya to bhautika sthitiyoM, zrama ke svarUpoM aura pArasparika samparkoM kI anubhUti aura prakRti se mAnavIya samparka tathA usake saMgharSa ke garbha se hI darzana aura vicAra kA udbhava aura vikAsa huA hai| sAmrAjyavAda aura bhautikavAda donoM ke vikAsa kA udgama aura pravAha bhI unhIM bhautika saMbaMdhoM se pratiphalita hotA hai ataH kevala yaha mAnanA ki prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti kevala pAralaukikatA ke mUlyoM se grasita thI, vaha laukikatA kI ora unmukha nahIM thI, yaha bebuniyAda hai| hAM, yaha bAta jarUra hai ki mUlya ke rUpa meM nivRti kA anya adhikAMza saMskRtiyoM kI tulanA meM bhAratIya saMskRti meM adhika mahatva hai| isa kAraNa ko samajhane ke lie bhI itihAsa ke vaijJAnika dRSTikoNoM ko apanAnA par3egA / savAla uThAyA jAtA hai ki Aja jaba bhArata Adhunika rASTra kA rUpa grahaNa karane kI prakriyA meM hai to jAti prathA kA unmUlana kyoM nahIM ho paayaa| yadyapi bhArata dvArA Adhunika rASTra kA rUpa grahaNa karane kI prakriyA meM sAmrAjyavAda virodhI saMgharSa, rASTrIya ekatA kI vikasita hotI huI bhAvanA, jAti prathA virodhI AMdolana tathA vidroha kA gauravapUrNa itihAsa rahA hai| isa Adhunika rASTra kI udIyamAna rAjanItika vyavasthA meM isake sabhI tabake samAnatA aura baMdhutva ke stara kI mAMga kara rahe the| yaha eka kramika aura dhImI prakriyA thI, saMgharSo kI yaha sabhI bhinna dhArAyeM karIba-karIba sAmrAjyavAda virodhI saMgharSa kI virATadhArA meM mila giiN| vastutaH yaha prakriyA vaMza paramparA para AdhArita jAti prathA vAlI purAnI hindU praNAlI ke vighaTana kI hI prakriyA thI, parantu aupanivezika zAsakoM ke hita ke khilApha yaha badalAva una para asara DAla rahA thaa| purAne samAja, usake stara vibhAjana, usakI artha vyavasthA ke badalAva kI prakriyA dhImI, jaTila aura yAtanAdAyI thii| ataeva aMgrejoM ne jAti prathA ko barakarAra rakhane vAle purAne sAmantI bhUmi saMbaMdhoM para nyUnatama Adhunika pUMjIvAdI saMbaMdha thopa diye| ve apane upaniveza ko dRr3ha banAye rakhane ke lie sthAnIya zaktizAlI pUMjIpati varga ko vikasita nahIM hone denA cAhate the, isa prakAra do virodhI prakriyAyeM jArI thiiN| eka ora naye utpAdana ke sAdhana, kArakhAne, aura naye yAtAyAta ke sAdhana ko vikasita karanA / dUsarI ora sAmAjika Arthika madada pAne ke lie sAmantoM para nirbhara rahanA yAnI jAti prathA ko samarthana denA / rASTrIya AMdolana ke adhikAMza netA hinduoM kI UMcI jAti se Aye the, abhI unheM dezI audyogika pUMjIpati varga kA pUrNa samarthana prApta nahIM thA yaha netRtva Ama janatA se alaga-thalaga par3A thA, vaha apane tatkAlIna anuyAyiyoM kI dhArmika bhAvanAoM ko Thesa pahuMcAne se DaratA thaa| vartamAna meM padadalita, parAbhava se pIr3ita rASTrIya AMdolana kA netRtva varga janatA meM usakI prAcIna saMskRti kA gaurava jagAkara sAmrAjyavAda ke viruddha saMgharSa meM pUre bhArata vidvat khaNDa / 54
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ko utAranA cAhatA thaa| isake kAraNa bhI ve punarutthAnavAdI soca aura vicAradhArA kI ora mur3a gye| yaha eka viDambanA hI hai ki usa samaya kA udAravAdI netRtva to vicAroM meM pragatizIla thA lekina ugravAdI netA saMkIrNatA ko chor3a nahIM pA rahe the| udAharaNa ke lie bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka ne hara taraha ke samAja sudhAra kA, yahAM taka ki bAla vivAha kI prathA ke khilApha vAle AMdolana kA bhI virodha kiyaa| vaha jAti kI vyavasthA meM vizvAsa rakhate the aura usakI vakAlata bhI karate the| gAMdhIjI jinhoMne chuAchUta ke viruddha AMdolana calAyA aura rASTrIya sAmrAjyavAda virodhI saMgharSa meM lAkhoM logoM ko rASTrIya AMdolana meM khIMca liyaa| unhoMne bhI 1921 meM ghoSaNA kI thI (1) maiM veda, upaniSada, purANa, dharmagranthoM, avatAroM tathA punarjanma meM vizvAsa rakhatA huuN| (2) maiM varNAzrama dharma meM vizvAsa rakhatA huuN| (3) maiM gorakSA meM vizvAsa karatA huuN| isa taraha rASTrIya AMdolana ke prAraMbhika daura meM dohare caritravAlA buddhijIvI varga hamAre yahAM thaa| ve eka ora kisAnoM para lage sarakArI karoM, bhUmikara tathA anya sarakArI kadamoM kA virodha karane ke liye taiyAra the, dUsarI ora ve apane kAryakrama meM kRSi saMbaMdhoM kA ullekha karane se katarAte the| 1920 meM kAMgresa ne khullama-khullA bar3e-bar3e jamIMdAroM kA pakSa liyaa| udAharaNa ke lie 18 pharavarI, 1922 ke vAradoloI phaisale meM kahA gayA, "varkiMga kameTI, kAMgresa kAryakartAoM aura saMgaThanoM ko salAha detI hai ki ve raiyatoM ko samajhA deM ki jamIMdAroM kA lagAna rokanA kAMgresa ke prastAvoM ke khilApha hai| jamIMdAroM ko Azvasta karatI hai ki kAMgresa kA AMdolana unake vaidha hitoM para hamalA bolane ke kataI pakSa meM nahIM hai|" vikasita dezoM tathA naye pUMjIvAdI svAdhIna dezoM meM jahAM pUMjIpativarga vapanA varcasva banAye rakhA hai vahAM usane kRSi krAnti ko pUrA nahIM hone diyaa| isI vajaha se una dezoM meM pUrva pUMjIvAdI vicAra dhArAyeM aura unase jur3e saMbaMdha barakarAra haiM Aja bhI pAna ismAlijma, islAmika-gaNa rAjya, sImita gaNatantra ityAdi / isI taraha kI aneka pratikriyAvAdI kabIlAyI sAmaMtI vicAra logoM ke dimAgoM meM, unake saMskAroM meM kuNDalI mArakara baiThA hai kyoMki pUMjIvAda se pahale ke jina saMbaMdhoM se ina vicAra dhArAoM ne janma liyA thA unakI jamIna abhI taka upajAU hai| ___ saba kucha ke bAvajUda jAtiyoM kA tejI ke sAtha bikharAva ho rahA hai| hara jAti ke bhItara sampativAna aura sampatihInoM ke bIca vibhAjana ho rahA hai| kRSi meM lagI lagabhaga hara jAti garIbI bar3hane kI isa prakriyA kI zikAra ho rahI hai| isa taraha jAtigata bhedabhAvoM ke astitva ke sAtha-sAtha zoSitavarga ke rUpagrahaNa karane kI prakriyA bhI ghaTita ho rahI AjAdI ke bAda saMvidhAna meM samAnatA kI bAta kI gayI lekina bhUmi saMbaMdhoM kA buniyAdI DhAMcA jaise kA taisA hai| jamIMdArI khatma kara dI gayI lekina purAnI buniyAdI asamAnatA kA DhAMcA Aja bhI barakarAra hai| bhUmi saMbaMdhI kAnUna eka majAka banakara raha gayA arthAt vartamAna zAsaka varga usI purAne Arthika DhAMce ko kAyama rakhane meM lagA hai| jAtivAda kI bhayAvahatA isake utpIr3ana tathA isase utpIr3ita logoM ke dimAga meM apane prati hone vAle anyAya kA ahasAsa to hai lekina jo loga behatara sthiti meM hai ve apane se badatara vAle logoM ke prati hone vAle rojamarrA ke anyAya ko dUra karane ke lie tatpara nahIM haiN| jAhira hai ki agara kisI pratikriyAvAdI vicAradhArA ke khilApha saMgharSa lagAtAra na calAyA jAya to vaha badalAva tathA pragati kI rAha meM bAdhaka banatI hai| ataH isa vicAra dhArAtmaka saMgharSa ko, bhUmi saMbaMdhoM sahita vartamAna sAmAjika vyavasthA ko jar3a se ukhAr3a pheMkane ke sAtha jor3anA hogaa| ArakSaNa samarthana tathA ArakSaNa virodhI Andolana, eka jAti kA dUsarI jAti se sazastra saMgharSa pUMjIpati bhUsvAmI varga kI vargIya sthiti ko aura majabUta kara rahA hai| ataeva jAti vyavasthA ke khAtme kA savAla pUMjIpati bhUsvAmI varga ke khAtme aura samAjavAda kI dizA meM saMgharSa karane ke savAla se jur3A hai| kucha buddhijIvI itihAsa kI vyAkhyA ke silasile meM yaha dhAraNA rakhate haiM ki itihAsa saMbaMdhI sAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa kA AvirbhAva madhyayugIna arthAt muslima yuga se huaa| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki sampUrNa bhArata kA itihAsa sAmpradAyikatA se otaprota hai| yaha sthApanA ki prAcIna bhArata, musalamAnoM ke Ane ke bAda sAmpradAyika uttejanA meM phaMsA, videzI AkramaNoM kA zikAra huA aura hindU sAmpradAyika buddhijIviyoM ke sAtha-sAtha musalamAna sAmpradAyika buddhijIvI bhI isI taraha kA tarka prastuta karate haiN| 18vIM zatAbdI se 20vIM zatAbdI taka tIna taraha kI vicAradhArAoM kA saMgharSa itihAsa kI vyAkhyA meM milatA hai (1) prAcya vidyAvid (2) upayogitAvAdI (3) raassttriiytaavaadii| saMskRti ke adhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha iNDoyUropiyana saMskRta (bhASA) aura yUnAnI saMskRti kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana zurU huaa| AryoM kI vizeSatA jAti ke rUpa meM sthApita kI gayI jisake bAre meM maiM vistAra se likha cukA huuN| eka sabase ghAtaka sAmpradAyika itihAsa kI dRSTi se jo kiyA gayA vaha itihAsa kA kAla vibhAjana hindU kAla, muslima kAla tathA Adhunika kAla meM kiyA gyaa| kyA jemsamila dvArA likhe gaye itihAsa meM vaMzagata itihAsa ke sAtha-sAtha tatkAlIna sAmAjika aura Arthika dazA kI vyAkhyA ko chor3a nahIM diyA gayA? prAcIna kAla meM vizeSa kara jise hindU kAla kahA jAtA hai usameM mauryavaMza, iNDoyUnAnI, zAkya, kuSANa ityAdi bahuta se rAjavaMza hue| unameM se bahuta se to jaina evaM bauddha dharma ke anuyAyI the jo apane ko hindU nahIM kahate the| isalie itihAsa ke vibhAjana meM hindU zabda jor3anA nyAya saMgata nhiiN| hindu zabda kA to sabase pahale araboM ne prayoga kiyaa| yaha bhI eka Azcaryajanaka bAta hai ki hama araba, turka, pArasiyoM ko muslima kahate haiN| terahavIM zatAbdI taka muslima zabda kahIM-kahIM briTiza zAsakoM ne musalamAnoM, pichar3e samudAyoM aura achUtoM ko pRthaka nirvAcana kSetra sarakArI naukariyoM meM ArakSaNa tathA zikSA saMbaMdhI suvidhAeM dekara rASTrIya pUMjIpati varga saMgharSa aura ekatA kI yojanA ko asaphala banAne kI koziza kii| unakA uddezya thA pichar3I jAtiyoM meM unnati kI ummIda jagAnA, unheM Ama saMgharSa se alaga rakhanA, pRthaka jAtiyoM tathA sAmpradAyikatA kI bhAvanA ko banAye rkhnaa| hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 55
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ maujUda the| isameM aspRzyatAvAlA tatva achUtoM ke lie kAphI AkarSaka bnaa| bahuta se hinduoM ne svecchA se islAma dharma ko svIkAra kiyaa| islAma dharma ne hindU jIvana para gaharA prabhAva ddaalaa| DAkTara tArAcanda ne marAThA, rAjapUta, sikkha, rajavAr3oM ke rIti rivAjoM, unake dainika jIvana kI choTI-choTI bAtoM, saMgIta, poSAka, pahanAvA, pAka kalA, vivAha saMskAroM, tithi tyauhAroM, meloM darabArI tahajIba para vistAra se likhA hI istemAla kiyA jAtA thaa| turka ko turusakAza aura araboM ko yavana kahA jAtA thaa| loga pazcimI eziyA se yahAM Ate the ve cAhe yUnAnI hoM yA roma ke yA araba ke, yaha unhIM ke lie istemAla hotA thaa| dUsarA zabda turkoM evaM araboM ke lie istemAla kiyA jAtA thA, vaha zabda mleccha thaa| Rgaveda meM isa zabda kA istemAla hotA hai aura yaha zabda anAryoM ke lie istemAla hotA thaa| bAda meM yaha videziyoM ke lie bhI prayoga meM lAyA jAne lagA isalie mleccha zabda saMskRti ke liye istemAla kiyA gyaa| araboM ne IsA kI AThavIM sadI meM sindhu para apanA rAjya kAyama kiyA aura tukoM ne 11vIM zatAbdI meM paMjAba meN| 14vIM zatAbdI meM muslima-vaMza ne dakana meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyaa| ataeva muslima rAjya kI sthApanA kA koI eka samaya nahIM hai| egetsa ne likhA haiislAma pUrva ke logoM vizeSa kara araboM ke anukUla dharma hai arthAt eka ora yaha unake anukUla hai jo zaharoM meM vyApArara meM lage hue haiM tathA dUsarI ora ghumakkar3a beduI logoM ke anurUpa hai| hajarata muhammada aura tatkAlIna khalIphA ne vyApAra meM lage samUhoM aura pichar3e hue kabIlI samudAyoM ko eka juTa karane meM sahAyatA kI aura yahI prayatna araba dezoM meM sAmantavAda kA seddhAntika AdhAra bana gyaa| araba dezoM meM sAmantavAda kA vikAsa isalie huA, kyoMki vahAM kabIlI sAmyavAda ke dRr3ha avazeSa bhI maujUda the| khalIphA aura vijetA yoddhAoM ke rUpa meM raMgamaMca para Aye aura isI prakriyA ne eziyA, aphrIkA kI janatA ke bar3e hissoM ko islAma kI ora AkRSTa kiyaa| Ama aitihAsika ghaTanAkrama ne eka dhArmika chApa grahaNa kii| yaha yAda karane kI bAta hai ki islAma ke janma ke pahale bhI araba tathA bhArata kI janatA kA vyApArika saMbaMdha thaa| apane vyApArika hita ke lie mAlAvAra ke zAsaka jamorina ne apane kSetra meM unheM masjideM banAne aura dharma ke pracAra kI chUTa dI thii| AThavIM zatAbdI meM islAmI prabhAva kA dUsarA daura zurU huaa| usa samaya hindU samAja meM jAti prathA kA prabhAva, chuAchUta, karma kA siddhAMta apanI jar3a jamA cukA thaa| inhIM paristhitiyoM ne muslima vijetAoM ke adhIna sAmantI rAjyoM kI sthApanA ke lie jamIna taiyAra kii| gorI aura gajanI kA AkramaNa huA, dillI saltanata bnii| usane bhArata meM pahalI bAra eka zaktizAlI madhyayugIna rAjya kA nirmANa kiyaa| musalamAna AkramaNakArI apane sAtha eka nayA dhArmika dRSTikoNa lAye the, lekina unake pAsa utpAdana kI koI nayI praNAlI nahIM thI isalie ve bhArata ke tatkAlIna sAmantavAdI AdhAra ko badala nahIM paaye| yahAM taka likhA gayA hai ki bhArata ke musalamAna zAsaka aba taka prAcIna islAma ke kitane hI lakSaNoM ko tyAga cuke the| khalIphAoM ne kurAna kI zikSAoM kI nayI vyAkhyA kii| sAtha hI sAtha dillI saltanata kI sthApanA ke pahale hI muslima vijetA phArasa ke ucca varga ke gaira islAmika vicAroM ko AtmasAt kara cuke the| bhArata meM islAma kA jo rUpa thA usakI antarvastu araba se bhinna thI to bhI yaha saca hai ki purAnI sAdagI, kabIlAyI janataMtra aura sAmAjika nyAya ke kucha tatva inameM aba bhI bAbara taka Ate-Ate islAma ne apane Apako bhAratIya sAmantI pariveza ke anukUla bnaayaa| bhAratIya musalamAna zarIpha jAtoM', 'ajalApha' yAni UMca-nIca meM baMTa gye| itihAsakAra tArAcanda ne likhA hai ki donoM meM jahAM samUha cetanA kA vikAsa huA thA aura donoM meM kSetrIya tatva pradhAna thA, vahAM donoM kI antarvastu eka dUsare se mela nahIM khAtI thI aura ghula-mila nahIM pAtI thii| lekina do alaga-alaga rASTra nahIM the unameM vaMzIya yA jAtIya bhedabhAva nahIM the| donoM dhArmika samUhoM ke khetihara yA kArIgara vAstava meM eka hI varga ke the| ThIka vaise jaise rAjapUta, musalamAnoM meM shekh| lekina janatA meM apanA prabhAva bar3hAne ke uddezya se musalamAna zAsakoM ne naye musalamAna zAsakoM ko sattA ke hita ke lie hI vizeSa suvidhAeM pradAna kii| itihAsakAroM ne eka aura bhrAMti ko janma diyA hai jo sAmpradAyikatA ke pracAra-prasAra meM ukasAve kA kAma karatA hai, parantu itihAsa kA sahI vizleSaNa kucha aura hI batAtA hai| turka, aphagAna, mugaloM ke bahuta pUrva se hI zAsaka zoSaka varga ne apanI sattA ko sudRr3ha banAne ke lie dharma kA bAra-bAra vyavahAra kiyA hai| isake vyavahAra meM unhoMne apane virodhiyoM kA damana kiyA hai aura dharma ke nAma para janatA meM bhedabhAva kI khAI caur3I kI hai| isalie dharma aura rAjanIti ke saMbaMdhoM ko aitihAsika dRSTi se samajhane kI jarUrata hai| yadyapi sindhu sabhyatA ke bAre meM abhI pUrI jAnakArI prApta nahIM ho sakI hai, lekina isa sabhyatA ke aMtima dinoM se hI rAjanItika prabhusattA ko sudRr3ha karane ke lie AkramaNoM ke aitihAsika sAkSya milate haiN| udAharaNArtha dAsa prabhuvoM ne iNDo irAnI dAsa prabhuvoM ke sAtha yuddha kiyA thaa| kAlAntara meM 600 I0 pU0 sindhu sabhyatA ke dAsa prabhuvoM ke pratipakSa vaidika dharma ke viruddha zeSa dharma kA Azraya liyA thaa| 600 I0 pU0 sAmantI mAlikoM ne paMcadarzana kA vyavahAra isalie kiyA thA ki unake virodhiyoM kA brAhmaNavAda, bauddha tathA jaina dharma meM vizvAsa thaa| gupta vaMza ke samrAToM ne brAhmaNavAda ke nAma para rAjasattA kA roSa bauddha aura jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para utArA thaa| yahI nahIM 500 se 1200 I0 taka sAre deza ke sAmantoM ne brAhmaNavAda aura bauddhadharma ke prasAra ke lie eka-dUsare ke sAtha nirantara yuddha jArI rkhaa| usa samaya kA itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki AkramaNakAriyoM ne dhArmika sthAnoM kI lUTa kii| virodhI dharmAvalambiyoM kA vyApaka narasaMhAra kiyA gyaa| kalhaNa ne rAjataraMginI meM jo vivaraNa diyA hai usake anusAra kAzmIra ke samrATa harSa ne apane rAjya ke sabhI mandiroM ko Arthika lAbha ke lie lUTA thaa| maMdiroM kI lUTamAra ke saMcAlana ke lie 'devotpanna nAyaka' hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 56
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ nAmaka padAdhikArI kI niyukti kI thii| hamAre deza ke itihAsavidoM ne ise svIkAra kiyA hai ki hindU sAmrAjyavAdiyoM ne (900-1200 I0 taka) asaMkhya bauddha tathA jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI hatyA kI thI aura bahuta se bauddha vihAroM ko dhvasta kiyA thaa| musalamAna sAmantoM ne bhI apane sattA ke hita meM prajA ko hindU rAjAoM ke khilApha ekabaddha kiyA thaa| taimUra ke vaMzaja aura kAbula ke zAsaka bAbara ne apanI senA sahita uttarI bhArata para AkramaNa kiyaa| nAdirazAha ne 24 ghaMTe ke aMdara Der3ha lAkha logoM kA katla kiyA thaa| ve saba hindU hI nahIM the| unameM eka lAkha musalamAna the| nAdirazAha irAnI musalamAna thaa| usane mugaloM kA katla kiyA thaa| taimUra laMga ne 4 dina ke aMdara hI 4-5 lAkha AdamiyoM kA katle Ama kiyA thaa| usameM se 3 lAkha paThAna musalamAna the| jaba mugaloM kA jamAnA AyA to paThAna becAre hinduoM kI hI taraha dabAye jAte the aura katla kiye jAte the| mugala zAsana kAla moTe taura para madhyayuga ke anta aura bhAratIya itihAsa ke Adhunika yuga ke Arambha kA dyotaka hai| 14vIM aura 17vIM zatAbdI ke bIca bhArata meM eka nayI bhAvanA phailI thii| pratyeka kSetra meM Arthika, prazAsanika, sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika ityAdi nayI havAoM ke jhoMke ke A rahe the| pahalI bAra sAmantI saMbaMdhoM kA sthAna dhIre-dhIre vikAsamAna pUMjIvAdI saMbaMdha le rahe the| isI samaya bhArata meM jAtiyoM (Nationality) ke aMkuroM ke phUTane aura vibhinna bhASAoM ke vikAsa kA prArambha huaa| yadi sUphI dharma kA adhyayana kiyA jAya to patA laga jAegA ki hindU dharma se musalamAnoM ne bahuta kucha grahaNa kiyaa| ata: samasyA vyavasthA vizeSa ke udbhava aura vikAsa ke paristhitiyoM ko samajhane kI hai| isI taraha auraMgajeba ne hinduoM para jajiyA kara lagAyA thA lekina musalamAnoM para usake dvArA jakAta kara bhI lagAyA gayA thaa| ibnabatUtA ne to yahAM taka likhA hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM jamorina nAmaka hindU zAsaka yahudiyoM se jajiyA kara vasUlatA thaa| hindustAna ke bAhara musalamAna zAsakoM ne musalamAna prajA para hI jajiyA kara lagAyA thaa| isalie jajiyA kara ko dharma se jor3anA galata hai| aise sAkSya milate haiM ki zatruoM ke kSetra vAle maMdiroM ko hI tor3A gayA hai kyoMki ve SaDyaMtra ke aDDe bana rahe the| isa taraha paramAra vaMza ke rAjAoM ne bhI gujarAta ke jaina mandiroM ko tor3A thA aura auraMgajeba ne kucha mandira banavAye bhI the| muzkila to yaha hai ki mugala kAla ke darabAriyoM ne jo saMsmaraNa likhe haiM ve adhikatara darabAra se jur3e haiM parantu use pUre bhArata ke lie sArvajanika banA diyA gyaa| musalamAnoM ke rAjya meM bar3e-bar3e adhikArI va sipAhI hindU the aura hindU rAjyoM meM musalamAna the isalie jo saMgharSa hue yA jo damana hue usake pIche rAjanItika kAraNa the, dhArmika nhiiN| isa taraha itihAsa ke upanivezika dRSTi se mukti pAne ke lie sAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa se mukta hokara vaijJAnika dRSTi apanAne kI jarUrata kI sAmpradAyikatA hameM phAsIvAda kI ora le jAegI jisakA nArA rASTrIya svayaMsevaka saMgha lagAtA rahA hai aura alpamata kI sAmpradAyikatA alagAvavAda kI ora le jaaegii| jamAyate islAmI, khAlistAna, gorakhAlaiMDa, jhArakhaMDa ityAdi kA AMdolana isI khatare kI ghaMTI bajA rahe haiN| zoSaka zAsaka varga yathAsthiti kAyama rakhane ke lie ise aura ukasAvA de rahe haiM aura itihAsa kA sAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa hamAre saMskAra meM pRSThabhUmi kA kAma kara rahA hai| yahI nahIM araba aura isarAila ke jhagar3e meM amarIkI sAmrAjyavAda kI bhUmikA se sabhI avagata haiN| mizanariyoM ke dvArA bhArata meM kSetriyatAvAda ko bar3hAvA denA, peTroDaoNlara dvArA bhAratIya musalamAnoM meM hindU vidveSa phailAnA, vizvahindU pariSada dvArA rAmajanmabhUmi aura bAbarI masjida kI samasyA ko ulajhAnA tathA meraTha ityAdi meM zAsaka varga dvArA daMge karavAnA, yaha hara nAgarika ke lie cintA kA viSaya hai| Aja Arthika saMkaTa rAjanItika saMkaTa meM badala rahA hai| janatA kA asaMtoSa galata dizA meM mor3ane ke lie itihAsa kA yaha sAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa hindUtatvavAda aura muslimatatvavAda ko bar3hAvA de rahA hai| jaba kabhI aura jahAM bhI kSetrIya saMskRti jar3a jamAtI hai to pUMjIvAda use kSetrIya hitoM meM bAMTane kI koziza karatA hai| jAhira hai ki hara kSetra kA apanA vizeSa itihAsa aura vizeSa saMskRti hotI hai| hameM AMdolana karake ina donoM ko saMrakSita karanA caahie| hamAre deza meM alaga-alaga bhASAeM, saMskRtiyAM aura unakI kSetrIya paraMparAyeM haiM, inako avazya saMrakSaNa milanA cAhie, lekina inake paraspara hitoM se jor3akara eka vyApaka pariprekSya meM dekhane kI jarUrata hai| hamAre deza meM zoSaka zAsaka varga ne sAre deza kA asamAna vikAsa kiyA hai, isI viSamatA ke kAraNa asaMtoSa paidA ho rahA hai aura hamArA pichar3Apana use andharASTravAda aura alagAvavAda kI ora Dhakela rahA hai| ataeva vAstavikatA ke isa antarvastu ko samajhe binA ina samasyAoM ko sulajhAyA nahIM jA sktaa| philahAla pichar3e rAjyoM ko unnata rAjyoM ke samakakSa lAnA tathA kendra aura prAMtoM ke saMbaMdhoM meM rAjyoM ko adhika adhikAra ke lie saMgharSa meM sabako ekajuTa karake janavAdI krAMti dizA meM agrasara hokara hI hama itihAsa ko sahI dizA meM mor3a sakate haiN| samAjavAdI dezoM meM jahAM krAMti kA eka stara sampanna ho cukA hai vahAM samasyAeM nahIM haiN| binA janavAdI krAMti ke rASTrIya akhaMDatA surakSita nahIM rakhI jA sktii| Aja hama eka nirNAyaka bindu para pahuMca cuke haiM jahAM hameM apane itihAsa, atIta, apanI asmitA aura apanI saMskRti kA punarparIkSaNa karanA Avazyaka ho gayA hai| eka bAta aura nahIM bhUlanI cAhie ki kevala kalA, sAhitya, saMgIta, sinemA kI racanA se hI koI saMskRti samRddhi nahIM ho sktii| kisI saMskRti kA samRddha honA usakI pragatizIla viSayavastu para nirbhara karatA hai aura isake lie vaijJAnika vikAsa kI dRSTi se hameM apane itihAsa ko samajhanA hogaa| H-13, ela.AI.jI sTeTa 8/1, rUstama jI pArasI roDa, kalakattA-2 ___ rASTrIyatA kI aitihAsika samajha ke abhAva meM hI Aja ugra jAtiyatA tathA sabhyatAvAda kA udaya ho rahA hai| dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki bahumata hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 57