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________________ samanvaya kI sAdhanA aura jaina saMskRti ___ DaoN. rAmajI siMha samanvaya bhAratIya saMskRti kI sarvocca sAdhanA rahI hai / gurudeva ravIndranAtha ne bhArata ko mAnava-saMskRtiyoM kA sAgara kahA hai aura isa praNaya-tIrtha meM mAtA ke maMgalaghaTa ko bhara dene ke liye saboM kA AhvAna kiyA hai| hA~ sAdhanA jitanI hI zreSTha hotI hai, usakI yaMtraNA utanI hI dussaha hotI hai| isalie bhArata ko isa samanvaya-sAdhanA ke hetu samaya-samaya para apAra yaMtraNA sahanI par3I hai| lagatA hai, samanvayarUpI amRta prApta karane ke lie garalapAna karanA hI hotA hai| __ zAyada, samanvaya hamArI saMskRti kI anivAryatA hai| hamArA rUpa-raMga, bhASA, veza-bhUSA, rasma-rivAja, dhArmika AsthA aura vizvAsa Adi kabhI bhI eka jinsI nahIM rahA / AryoM evaM anAryoM ke bIca saMgharSa calane ke bAda hI hamArI jIvana-paddhati ne nirNaya kiyA hogA ki 'samanvaya' hI mAnava-jIvana kA Adarza ho sakatA hai| phira to AryoM evaM dravir3oM ke saMyoga se eka bhavya bhAratIya saMskRti kA nirmANa huA / isI taraha paura aura jAnapada saMskRtiyoM ke sAtha utkRSTa AraNyaka-saMskRti kA bhI hama para prabhAva par3A / araNya ke sAtha sambandha hone se vRkSa, vanaspati Adi ke paricaya ke sAtha vanaspati kA vijJAna bar3hA / vanaspati kA guNa-dharma mAlUma hone para AhAra-zAstra aura Arogya-zAstra meM prAkRtika vastuoM kA upayoga bar3hA / candra kiraNoM kA vanaspati para hone vAle prabhAvoM kA sUkSma adhyayana aura pazu tathA manuSyoM ke bIca mUlabhUta ekatA kI ora dhyAna bhI gayA aura anubhava huA ki sarvatra eka hI caitanya hai| zAyada, yahIM para hameM ahiMsA kA sAkSAtkAra huaa| mAMsAhAra kA parityAga hamArA pazujagat aura mAnava-jagat ke bIca samanvaya kI dizA meM eka prabhAvakArI kadama hai| isakA artha yaha nahIM ki samAja meM eka varga ke dvArA dUsare kA zoSaNa banda ho gayA yA brAhmaNoM aura kSatriyoM ke bIca yuddha hue hI nahIM yA yajJa ke nAma para pazuoM kI bali nahIM clii| lekina logoM kA sAmAnya svabhAva prema, sahayoga, kSamA aura sahiSNutA kA hI rahA / sAma, dAma, bheda aura upekSA Adi AjamAne ke bAda hI daMDa kA prayoga hotA thaa| AkramaNakArI zaka-zIthiyana, gurjara, pratihAra Adi kA bhI hamane apanI saMskRti meM samAveza kara liyaa| hamane kisI deza ke bhU-bhAga ko parisaMvAda 4 www.jainelibrary:org
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________________ jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana jItane ke lie kabhI AkramaNa nahIM kiyaa| AkramaNakAriyoM ko bhI bAra-bAra kSamA kiyA / hamAre yahA~ jitane yuddha hue ve prAyaH andara-andara ke hue jisameM rAjAoM ke IrSyA-dveSa, lobha aura mahattvAkAMkSA ke bIca saMgharSa thaa| samAja kA bahuta bar3A bhAga to achUtA hI raha jAtA thaa| kabhI-kabhI do bar3I-bar3I senAoM ko yuddhAgni meM jhoMkane ke badale donoM pakSoM ke do pradhAna vIroM ke bIca hI dvandva-yuddha se vijaya-parAjaya kA nipaTArA karA liyA jAtA thaa| bhIma-jarAsaMdha ke bIca isI prakAra ke dvandva-yuddha se do jAtiyoM kA vigraha baca gyaa| saMkSepa meM, bhAratIya saMskRti ne vigraha TAlakara samanvaya kI sAdhanA ke aneka prayatna kiye haiN| deva-nirmANa kI prayogazAlA meM bhI bahudevavAda ke antargata asaMkhya devoM kA jala-thala-nabha ke anusAra vargIkaraNa, 'trimUtti' evaM 'vizvedevA' kI kalpanA aura phira ekadeva 'prajApati' evaM 'vizvakarmA' kA sRjana aura aMta meM 'ekaM sadviprA bahudhA vadanti' kahakara advaita taka pahu~canA hI samanvayasAdhanA kI parAkASThA hai| Adya zaMkarAcArya ne paMcAyatana-pUjA meM sabhI devI-devatAoM kI pUjA kA antarbhAva kara tathA pa.che madhyayugIna saMtoM ne sarva-dharma sadbhAva kI bhAvanA ko upasthita kara vastutaH 'Atmaupamya bhAva' yA 'vizvAtmaikya bhAva' prakaTa kiyA hai| aura to aura bhAratIya saMskRti meM, isI prakAra veda aura Izvara tathA AtmA kI sattA ko spaSTa asvIkAra karane vAle bhagavAn buddha ko tathA jainadharma ke janmadAtA bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko avatAra (zrImad bhAgavata, 5 / 2-6 aSTama avatAra) ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA samanvaya-sAdhanA kI dizA meM hI eka udAtta prayAsa hai| . bhAratIya saMskRti ko bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne to mAnoM samanvaya kA samagra-darzana hI pradAna kara diyaa| samasta AtmAoM ko svataMtra, paripUrNa aura akhaMDa maulika dravya mAnakara apanI taraha samasta jagata ke prANiyoM ko jIvita rahane kA samAna adhikAra svIkAra karanA hI ahiMsA ke sadiyI svarUpa kI zikSA hai| vicAra ke kSetra meM ahiMsA ko mAnasarUpa meM pratiSThita karane ke lie anekAnta AyA jo vastu-vicAra ke kSetra meM dRSTi kI ekAMgitA aura saMkIrNatA se utpanna hone vAle matabhedoM ko haTAkara 'mAnasa-samanvaya' ke rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai jo vItarAgacitta kI udbhAvanA ke lie anukUlatA paidA karatA hai| isI taraha vacana kI nirdoSa tathA anekAnta ko abhivyakta karane vAlI bhASA-zailI ke rUpa meM syAdvAda bhI 'vAcanika-samanvaya' kI sAdhanA kI hI abhiyaMtraNA hai jahA~ svavAcya ko pradhAnatA dete hue anya aMzoM kI upekSA nahIM hotii| isIlie to dharmatIrthaMkaroM kI syAdvAdI ke rUpa meM stuti kI jAtI hai parisaMvAda-4
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________________ samanvaya kI sAdhanA aura jaina saMskRti dharmatIrthakarebhyo'stu syAhAdibhyo namo namaH / RSabhAdi-mahAvIrAntebhyaH svAsmopalabdhaye // -laghIyastraya, zloka 1 ahiMsA kI sAdhanA bhAratIya-saMskRti ke lie nayI nahIM hai lekina jaina-saMskRti ne ahiMsA ko niHzreyasa ke sAdhanoM meM sabase pramukha mAnakara isakA mahattva bar3hA diyA / mImAMsA Adi vaidika darzanoM meM hiMsA pradhAna yajJa yAgAdi karma ko sAdhana mAnakara ahiMsA kI upekSA kara dI gayI thii| zramaNa-saMskRti sAdhya ke sAtha sAdhana kI zucitA para bhI jora detI thI isIlie brAhmaNa aura zramaNa saMskRtiyoM ke paraspara zAzvata virodha para pataMjali ko apane mahAbhASya meM 'ahi-nakula' aura 'govyAghra' kI upamAyeM denI pdd'ii| khaira, yaha jaina-saMskRti kI ahiMsA-bhAvanA kA hI prabhAva hai ki brAhmaNa paramparA meM yajJIya hiMsA kA samarthana kevala paramparAgata zAstracarcA kA viSaya mAtra raha gayA hai lekina loka-vyavahAra meM yajJIya hiMsA prAyaH lupta hokara 'sarvabhUtahite ratAH' ke mUlya para avasthita rahI / RSabhadeva ke samAna hI kapila aura pataMjali dvArA jisa 'AtmaupamyabhAvanA' tathA tanmUlaka ahiMsA-dharma kI pratiSThA kA poSaNa huA hai usameM advitIya samAnatA hai| brAhmaNa-saMskRti ne tapa dvArA aura zramaNa-saMskRti ne citta-zuddhi dvArA sAmyasiddhi mUlaka ahiMsA kI pratiSThA kI hai| isIlie brAhmaNa-purANoM meM RSabhadeva kA ugra tapasvI ke rUpa meM tathA jaina vAGmaya meM kapila kA atyadhika ullekha hai| isa prakAra sAmya siddhimUlaka ahiMsA ko samanvayadharma ke rUpa meM donoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| jisa zAkhA ne sAmya-siddhi ke lie aparigraha para adhika jora diyA aura parivAra taka ke baMdhana ko ahiMsA yA pUrNa sAmya kI siddhi ke lie vyavadhAna mAnA, vahI nirgrantha nAma se prasiddha huI / inhIM ke pravartaka neminAtha evaM pArzvanAtha hue| asala meM pUrNa prANabhUta sAmya-dRSTi hI ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai| jainazruta rUpa meM dvAdazAMgI yA caturdazapUrva meM sAmAiya (sAmayika) kA sthAna prathama hai jo AcArAMga-sUtra kahalAtA hai / isameM sAmya-siddhi ke lie 'sama' 'zama' aura 'zrama' para bala diyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra saMdhyA-vaMdana brAhmaNa-paramparA kA Avazyaka aMga hai usI prakAra jaina-paramparA meM gRhastha evaM tyAgI saboM ke lie chaH Avazyaka karma haiM jinameM mukhya 'sAmAiya' hai-'karemi bhaMte sAmAiyaM' / sAtavIM sadI meM suprasiddha jaina vidvAn jinabhadragaNi ne sAmAiya kI pratiSThA ke lie vizeSAvazyakabhASya nAmaka graMtha likhakara dharma ke aMgabhUta zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritra tInoM ko hI sAmAiya btaayaa| brAhmaNa parisaMvAda -4
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________________ 18 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana paramparA meM bhI sAmyadRSTi ke pratIka ko 'brahma' kahakara sAmyamUlaka AcAra-vicAra ko brahmacarya kahA hai| bauddha paramparA meM maitrI, muditA, karuNAdi bhAvanAoM ko hI brahmavihAra mAnA gayA hai| dhammapada (brAhmaNava gga-26) evaM mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva kI taraha jaina (uttarAdhyayana 25) meM samatva karane vAle zramaNa ko hI brAhmaNa kahakara zramaNa aura brAhmaNa ke bIca samanvaya karane kI ceSTA kI gayI hai| ___ yaha sAmya-dRSTi hI jaina-saMskRti kA hRdaya hai jo vicAra, vANI aura vyavahAra meM abhivyakta karane kI koziza kI gayI hai| vyavahAra-sAmya-jaina saMskRti kA saba AcAra-vyavahAra sAmya dRSTi-mUlaka ahiMsA ke pAsa hI nirmita huA hai| manuSya, pazu-pakSI, kITa-pataMga hI nahIM vanaspati aura pArthiva, jalIya Adi sUkSmAti-sUkSma prANiyoM taka kI hiMsA se Atmaupamya yA prANabhUta ahiMsA bhAvanA ko coTa pahu~catI hai| isI kI vyAkhyA ke lie jaina paramparA meM cAra vidyAyeM phalita huI haiM, jinake AdhAra para hI jJAna prAptakara hama AcAra kI ahiMsA sAdha sakate haiM-Atma-mImAMsA, karma-mImAMsA, cAritra-mImAMsA evaM loka-mImAMsA / Atma-mImAMsA-AtmA kA vicAra jainadarzana meM upaniSad-vedAnta ke brahma kI taraha hI sarvagrAhI hai| AtmA kRmi-pipIlikA-bhramara manuSya saboM meM samAna hai| jIva-samAnatA ke isa saiddhAntika tAttvika vivecana ko jIvana-vyavahAra meM yathAsaMbhava utAranA hI ahiMsA hai| jaba sRSTi ke kaNa-kaNa meM AtmA vyApta hai to phira hiMsA kA sthAna hI kahA~ hai ? yadi samAnatA kI anubhUti hI nahIM ho to phira Atma-sAmya kA siddhAnta hI jhUThA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hI gayA hai ki "jaise tuma apane duHkha kA anubhava karate ho vaisA hI para duHkha kA anubhava karo' / upaniSad aura vedAnta bhI ahiMsA kA samarthana advaita ke AdhAra para karatA hai kyoMki sAre jIva brahma ke rUpa haiN| 'sarvaM khalu idaM brahma / ' 'IzAvAsyamidaM sarvam / ' 'tattvamasi' yA 'brahmAsmi' to advaita kI parAkASThA hai / lekina viziSTAdvaita meM bhI jIva Izvara kA hI aMza hai| advaita-paramparA jIva-bheda ko mithyA mAnakara ahiMsA kA udbodhana karatI hai| jaina paramparA meM jIvAtmA kA vAstavika bheda svIkAra kara bhI tAttvika rUpa se saboM ko eka mAnakara ahiMsA-dharma ko pratiSThita kiyA jAtA hai| karma-mImAMsA-prazna hai jaba tAttvika rUpa se saba jIva samAna haiM to phira unameM viSamatA kyoM hai ? isa prazna ke uttara ke lie hI karmavAda lAyA gayA hai| jaisA karma hogA, vaisA phala milegaa| vartamAna kA nirmANa atIta ke AdhAra para parisaMvAda-4
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________________ samanvaya kI sAdhanA aura jaina saMskRti tathA anAgata kA nirdhAraNa vartamAna ke AdhAra para hogaa| yahI kArya-kAraNavAda bhI hai| yahI pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma kA AdhAra hai| apane evaM parAye kI vAstavika pratIti na honA hI jaina dRSTi se darzana-moha hai jise sAMkhya-bauddha-advaita paramparA meM avidyA yA ajJAna kahA gayA hai| yadyapi rAga-dveSa hI hiMsA ke preraka haiM lekina sabakA kAraNa yahI ajJAna yA avidyA yA darzana-moha hai| AtmA jaba apane svarUpa ko samajha nahIM pAtA hai to vaha rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa hiMsA karatA hai| cAritra mImAMsA -cAritra kA uddezya AtmA ko karma se mukta karanA hai / karma aura AtmA kA sambandha anAdi hai, para vyaktirUpa se yaha sambandha sAdi hai| AtmA ke sAtha karma ke prathama sambandha kA prazna vyartha hai / jaina paramparA kI taraha hI ise nyAyavaizeSika-sAMkhya-yoga-vedAnta-bauddha saboM ne mAna liyA hai| brahma ke sAtha mAyA, AtmA ke sAtha avidyA kA sambandha anAdi hai| sarvathA karma mukti se hI AtmA kA pUrNa zuddha rUpa prakaTa hotA hai| sarvathA karma chuTa jAne se AtmA kA bhAsvara evaM zuddha svarUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai evaM rAga-dveSa jar3a se mukta ho jAtA hai| isa taraha cAritrya kA kArya vaiSamya ke kAraNoM ko dUra karanA hai jo 'saMvara', 'nirjarA' Adi hai| AdhyAtmika jIvana kA vikAsa Antara cAritra ke vikAsa-krama para nirbhara hai| jaina paramparA meM caudaha guNasthAna meM 'bahirAtmA', 'antarAtmA' aura 'paramAtmA' tIna bhUmikAyeM haiN| antima bhUmikA meM rAgadveSa kA uccheda ho jAtA hai aura ahiMsA tathA vItarAgatva prakaTa hotA hai| loka-mImAMsA-jaina paramparA meM cetana aura acetana ke paraspara prabhAva kA hI yaha saMsAra hai| jaina paramparA nyAya-vaizeSika kI taraha paramANuvAdI hai, kintu isakA paramANu nyAya-vaizeSika kI taraha kUTastha nahIM, balki sAMkhya kI taraha pariNAmI hai| eka hI prakAra ke paramANu se saba taraha kI cIjeM banatI haiM aura vaha itanA sUkSma hai ki sAMkhya kI prakRti kI taraha avyakta ho jAtA hai| jaina paramparA kA ananta paramANuvAda prAcIna sAMkhya sammata puruSabahuttva rUpa prakRti-bahuttvavAda se bahuta dUra nahIM hai| jaina paramparA sAMkhya-yoga-mImAMsA kI taraha lokapravAha ko anAdi ananta mAnatI hai / yAnI kartA, saMha" rUpa se Izvara jaisI sattA ko nahIM mAnA gayA hai| pratyeka jIva apanIapanI sRSTi kA Apa hI kartA aura apanA hI muktidAtA hai| isa taraha tAttvika dRSTi se pratyeka jIva meM IzvarabhAva hai| vicAra meM sAmya : anekAnta-jaina paramparA vicAroM kA satyalakSI saMgraha hone ke kAraNa kisI bhI vicAra saraNI kI upekSA nahIM karanA cAhatI hai| yahI parisaMvAda-4
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________________ jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana kAraNa hai ki saMgraha-naya rUpa se jahA~ sAMkhya kA sadvaita liyA gayA hai vahIM brahmAdvaita ke vicAra vikAsa ke lie saMgrahanaya rUpa se brahmAdvaita vicAra ne bhI sthAna prApta kiyA hai| isI taraha RjusUtra naya rUpa se bauddha kSaNikavAda tathA vaibhASika, sautrAntika, vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda-ina cAroM prasiddha bauddha zAkhAoM kA saMgraha huA / saMkSepa meM anekAnta-daSTi itanI sarvasaMgrAhaka hai ki isameM samanvaya kI apUrva kSamatA hai| yahI usakA hRdaya hai| jaina paramparA meM satya prakAzana kI zailI kA hI nAma anekAnta hai / anekAnta ke mUla meM do tattva haiM pUrNatA aura yathArthatA / jo pUrNa hai aura pUrNa hokara bhI yathArtha rUpa se pratIta hotA hai, vahI satya kahalAtA hai / eka to vastusvarUpa itanA saMzliSTa hai ki usakA trikAlAbAdhita jJAna sambhava nahIM aura yadi ho bhI jAya to usakA kathana karanA kaThina hai| hama apanI dRSTi se yathArtha kA varNana kara sakate haiM lekina vaha apUrNa hI hogaa| ataH satyaziyoM meM bhI bheda to hoMge hI kyoMki ve saba apUrNadarzI haiN| isalie rAga-dveSa se mukta hokara tejasvI madhyastha bhAva rakhakara nirantara jijJAsA karate jAnA evaM virodhI pakSoM para Adara pUrvaka vicAra karanA tathA apane pakSa kI bhI tIvra samAlocaka dRSTi rakhanA aura anta meM apanI prajJA se virodhoM kA samanvaya karanA evaM jahA~ apanI bhUla ho vahA~ mithyAbhimAna parityAga kara pariSkAra kara Age bar3hanA caahie| isI anekAnta se do siddhAnta phalita hue-nayavAda aura sptbhNgii| vicAra kI vibhinna paddhatiyoM ke samanvaya karane kA kAma nayavAda karatA hai aura kisI vastu ke viSaya meM pracalita virodhI kathanoM kA samanvaya saptabhaMgI kA kAma hai| lekina durbhAgya hai ki udAratA kI parAkASThA para pahu~ca kara satya ko prakAzita karane vAle isa anekAnta darzana ko bhI jainetara vidvAnoM ne sAmpradAyika svarUpa meM grahaNa kara use khaNDana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| bAdarAyaNa ne to 'naikasmin asambhavAt' (6 / 2 / 33) sUtra kI racanA kara DAlI jisapara zaMkara, rAmAnuja se lekara DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan evaM paM. baladeva upAdhyAya taka vedAnta ke AcAryoM ne dikbhramita bhASya kara ddaale| phira to vasubandhu, diGnAga, dharmakIti, prajJAkaragupta, acaMTa, zAntirakSita Adi prabhAvazAlI bauddhoM ne bhI anekAntavAda para nirmama prahAra kiyA hai| phira to jaina vicArakoM ko AtmarakSA ke lie unakA sAmanA karanA hI thaa| isI taraha eka pracaNDa vicArasaMgharSa kA janma huA aura anekAnta-dRSTi kA tarkabaddha vikAsa huaa| lekina khaNDanamaNDana ke bAvajUda anekAnta-dRSTi kA bhAratIya saMskRti para vyApaka prabhAva par3A / jaina virodhI prakhara AcArya rAmAnuja ne mAyAvAda ke virodha meM bhale hI upaniSad kA parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 21 samanvaya kI sAdhanA aura jaina saMskRti sahArA liyA lekina viziSTAdvaita ke nirUpaNa meM anekAnta-dRSTi kA upayoga kiyaa| brahma cit bhI hai, acit bhI, aisA soca vastutaH anekAnta-dRSTi kA hI paricAyaka hai| puSTimArga ke puraskartA vallabha zuddhAdvaita meM aura nimbArka ne dvaitAdvaita meM dvaita aura advaita donoM kA samanvaya kiyaa| yaha bhI samanvayakAriNI anekAnta-daSTi hI hai| yoM to veda-upaniSad kI bhI vivecanA kI jAya to unake vacanoM ko samajhane ke lie anekAnta dRSTi kA hI saMsparza milegaa| nAsadIyasUkta meM jagat ke kAraNa ko 'na sat na asat' kahA gayA hai / zAyada zabda meM itanI zakti nahIM ki usa paramatattva ko prakAzita kara sake / kahIM para asat se sat kI sRSTi batAyI gayI hai-'asadvA idamagra AsIt'-taitirIya 217, to kahIM sat se sRSTi banane kI bAta hai-'sadeva somyedamagra AsIt'-chAndogya 62, IzAvAsya meM to usa paramatattva ke varNana meM 'tadaijati tannajati, taddUre tadantike' Adi kahakara aura bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| pippalAda RSi ke anusAra prajApati se sRSTi huI (praznopaniSad 113 // 13), kisI ke anusAra jala, kisI ke anusAra vAk, agni, AkAza, prANa ko vizva kA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| (bRhadAraNyaka 5 / 5 / 1, chAndogya, 43, kaThopa, 2 / 5 / 9, chAndogya 1 / 9 / 1, 111115 aadi)| ina sUtroM kA artha hai ki vizva ke kAraNa kI jijJAsA meM aneka matavAdoM kA prAdurbhAva huA jisakA spaSTa saMketa veda-upaniSad meM milatA hai| matoM ke isa jaMjAla meM bhI samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| mAnoM jaise sabhI nadiyA~ samudra meM vilIna ho jAtI haiM 'uddhAviva sarvasindhavaH samudIrNAstvayi nAtha dRssttyH| na ca tAsu bhavAn pradRzyate pravibhaktAsu saritsvivodadhiH // -siddhasena dvAtrizikA 415 baddha ke vibhajyavAda aura madhyama pratipadA ke siddhAnta para bhI hama anekAntadaSTi kA saMsparza pAte haiM jaba aMtoM ke madhya meM rahane kA Adeza milatA hai / zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda Adi dvandvoM ke bIca samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn buddha dvArA loka-saMjJA, loka-nirukti, loka-vyavahAra evaM loka-prajJapti kA Azraya lene kA spaSTa saMketa hai| buddha ne kahA hai-'he mANavaka ! maiM yahA~ vibhajyavAdI hU~, ekAMzavAdI nhiiN|' (majjhima nikAya-sutta 99) / hA~ bhagavAn buddha kA vibhajyavAda kucha maryAdita kSetra meM thA, kintu mahAvIra kA kSetra vyApaka thaa| isI kAraNa vibhajyavAdI hote hue bhI bauddha darzana anekAnta kI ora kAphI agrasara huA hai| mahAvIra ne vibhajyavAda kA kSetra vyApaka banAyA hai evaM virodhI dharmoM ke aneka antoM ko eka hI kAla meM aura eka hI vyakti meM apekSA bheda se ghaTAyA hai| isI kAraNa vibhajyavAda kA artha anekAnta parisaMvAda-4
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________________ 22 jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana vAda yA syAdvAda huA / virodhI dharmoM ko svIkAra karanA vibhajyavAda kA mUlAdhAra hai, jabaki tiryak aura urdhvatA donoM prakAra ke sAmAnyoM ke paryAyoM meM virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra karanA anekAntavAda kA mUlAdhAra hai| ataH isa dRSTi se anekAntavAda vibhajyavAda kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| buddha kI samanvaya-bhAvanA siMha senApati ke sAtha saMvAda se spaSTa hotI hai jaba unhoMne apane ko akriyAvAdI aura kriyAvAdI donoM batAyA / (vinayapiTaka, mhaavgg-6|31) __vyavahAra meM anekAnta kA upayoga nahIM hone kA pariNAma hai, hiMsA kA vistAra / anekAnta aura usakI AdhArabhUta ahiMsA kA hI pariNAma hai ki jaina dharma anya kaI dharmoM kI taraha kabhI bhI vistAravAdI nahIM bnaa| jJAna, vicAra, AcaraNa aura vANI ke kisI bhI eka viSaya ko kevala saMkIrNa dRSTi kI apekSA aneka dRSTiyoM se aura adhika se adhika mArmika rIti se vicArane aura AcaraNa karane kA jainasaMskRti ne Agraha rakhA hai| vastutaH anekAnta jaina-saMskRti kI jIvana-paddhati hai jo sabhI dizAoM se khulA eka mAnasa-cakSu hai| usake Age-pIche, bhItara-bAhara sarvatra hI satya kA pravAha hai| ataH yaha koI kalpanA nahIM, parantu satya siddha tattvajJAna hai| jIvita anekAnta pustakoM meM nahIM jIvana meM milegA jaba hama dUsare viSayoM ko saba ora se taTastha rUpa se dekhane, vicArane aura apanAne ke lie prerita hoNge| vicAroM kI jitanI taTasthatA, spaSTatA, nispRhatA adhika hogI, anekAnta kA bala utanA hI adhika hogaa| hameM yaha socanA cAhie ki samanvaya jIvana kI eka anivArya vivazatA hai| lekina binA samajhe-bUjhe yA dUsaroM kI dekhA dekhI se lAyA jAne vAlA anekAnta na to tejasvI hogA, na usameM prANa hI hogaa| ataH hameM mAnasa-ahiMsA ke rUpa meM anekAnta ko svIkAra kara samanvaya kI sAdhanA ko tejasvI banAnA caahie| vizva kA vicAra karane vAlI do paraspara bhinna dRSTiyA~ haiM--eka hai sAmAnyagAminI dRSTi, dUsarI hai vizeSagAminI dRSTi / sAmAnyagAminI dRSTi zuru meM to sAre vizva meM samAnatA dekhatI hai aura dhIre-dhIre abheda kI ora jhukate-jhukate ekatA kI bhUmikA para AtI hai| jabaki vizeSagAminI daSTi kevala vibheda hI vibheda dekhatI hai| bhedavAda-abhedavAda, sadvAda-asadvAda, nirvacanIya-anirvacanIyavAda, hetuvAda-ahetuvAda Adi kA samanvaya anekAnta-dRSTi se sambhava hai| pratyeka yuktivAda amuka-amuka dRSTi se amuka-amuka sImA taka apane ko satya mAnatA hai| isa prakAra se sabhI yuktivAda vAstavika haiM, hA~ apanI-apanI apekSA se / yadyapi vaidika darzana ke nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, vedAnta aura bauddha-darzana meM kisI eka vastu ke vividha dRSTiyoM se nirUpaNa parisaMvAda 4
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________________ 23 samanvaya kI sAdhanA aura jaina saMskRti kI paddhati tathA aneka pakSoM ke samanvaya kI dRSTi hai, kintu usake pratyeka pahalU para sambhAvita samagra dRSTi binduoM se ekamAtra samanvaya meM hI vicAra kI paripUrNatA mAnane kA dRr3ha Agraha jaina-paramparA kI apanI vizeSatA hai| isalie syAdvAda ko vizva vijetA niSkaMTaka rAjA kahA gayA hai-' evaM vijayini niSkaMTake syAdvAdamahAnarendra / ' yoM Rgveda kA vacana 'ekaM sat viprA bahudhA vadanti' (1 / 164 / 46) vastutaH samanvayakArI anekAnta kA bIja-vAkya hai| jo bhI ho, hameM mAnanA hogA ki jaina-darzana ne prameya kA svarUpa utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yAnI vilakSaNa pariNAmavAda ko mAnakara tattvamImAMsA ke kSetra meM eka viziSTa samanvayavAda upasthita kiyA hai| yahI nahIM AcAra pradhAna jaina dharma ne tattvajJAna kA upayoga bhI AcArazuddhi ke lie hI kiyA hai| isIlie tarka jaise zuSka zAstra kA upayoga bhI jainAcAryoM ne samanvaya ke lie kiyA hai| dArzanika-saMgharSa evaM vAda-vivAda ke yuga meM bhI samatA, udAratA aura samanvaya-dRSTi kI jaina tArkika paramparA meM adbhuta abhivyakti milatI hai / hemacandra ne kahA hai bhavabIjAMkurajananA rAgAdyAH kSayamupAgatAH yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai / haribhadra to aura bhI adhika pragalbha dIkhate haiM pakSapAto na me vIre na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimadvacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH parigrahaH // asat meM jaba vastusthiti kI anantadharmAtmakatA mAnavIya jJAna kI duHkhada sImAyeM, zabda kA atyalpa sAmartha, tathA abhiprAya kI vividhatA kA jaba vicAra karate haiM to usakA nirUpaNa karanA koI sAmAnya kArya nhiiN| isIlie jenoM ne AcAra meM ahiMsA, vicAra meM anekAnta, vANI meM syAdvAda tathA samAja meM aparigraha, ye cAra stambha mAne jina para unakA sarvodayI bhavya prAsAda khar3A hai| jaina darzana kI bhAratIya darzana ko yahI dena hai ki isane vastu ke virATa svarUpa ko sApekSa dRSTikoNoM se dekhanA sikhAyA, sAvadhAnI pUrvaka sApekSa bhAva se bolanA sikhAyA aura hara jIva ko jIne kA samAna adhikAra mAna saba ke sAtha ahiMsA kA vyavahAra karanA sikhAyA tathA samAja meM samatA ke lie aparigraha btaayaa| darzana vibhAga, bhAgalapura vizvavidyAlaya, bhAgalapura, (vihAra) parisaMvAda-4