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________________ sAmAjika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna yaha satya hai ki jainadharma mukhyatayA nivRtti pradhAna dharma hai, kintu isa AdhAra para yaha mAna lenA ki usameM sAmAjika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna parilakSita nahIM hote haiM, eka bhrAnta dhAraNA hI hogI / yadyapi na kevala pAzcAtya apitu aneka bhAratIya vicAraka bhI isa bAta kA samarthana karate haiM ki nivartaka dharma mUlataH vyaktiparaka hai, samAja paraka nahIM / jaina vidyA ke marmajJa vidvAn sva0 paM0 sukhalAlajI kA kathana hai ki 'pravartaka dharma samAjagAmI aura nivartaka dharma vyaktigAmI hai / nivartaka dharma samasta samAja ke karttavyoM se baddha hone kI bAta nahIM maantaa| usake anusAra vyakti ke lie mukhya karttavya eka hI hai, aura vaha hai ki jisa taraha bhI ho Atma sAkSAtkAra kA prayatna kare aura usameM rukAvaTa DAlane vAlI icchA kA nAza kare / " kintu merI apanI dRSTi meM vaiyaktikatA aura sAmAjikatA donoM hI mAnavIya 'sva' ke anivArya aMga haiM / pAzcAtya vicAraka breDale kA kathana hai ki 'manuSya nahIM hai, yadi vaha sAmAjika nahIM, kintu yadi vaha mAtra sAmAjika hI hai, to vaha pazu se adhika nahIM hai / " manuSya kI manuSyatA vaiyaktikatA aura sAmAjikatA donoM kA atikramaNa karane meM hai| vastutaH manuSya eka hI sAtha sAmAjika aura vaiyaktika donoM hI hai / kyoMki mAnava vyaktitva meM rAga-dveSa ke tattva anivArya rUpa se upasthita haiM, rAga kA tattva usameM sAmAjikatA kA vikAsa karatA hai to dveSa kA tattva usameM vaiyaktikatA yA svahitavAdI dRSTi kA vikAsa karatA hai; jaba rAga kA sImAkSetra saMkucita hotA hai aura dveSa kA kSetra adhika vistRta hotA hai to vyakti ko svArthI kahA jAtA hai, usameM vaiyaktikatA pramukha hotI hai, kintu jaba rAga kA sImA kSetra vistRta hotA hai| aura dveSa kA kSetra kama hotA hai taba vyakti paropakArI yA sAmAjika kahA jAtA hai| kintu jaba vaha vItarAga aura bItadveSa hotA hai to vaha atisAmAjika hotA hai kintu apane aura parAye bhAva kA yaha atikramaNa asAmAjika nahIM hai| vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA meM anivAryarUpa se 'sva' kI saMkucita sImA ko tor3anA hotA hai ataH aisI sAdhanA anivArya rUpa se asAmAjika to nahIM ho sakatI hai| manuSya, jabataka manuSya hai, vaha bItarAga nahIM huA hai svabhAvataH hI eka sAmAjika prANI hai punaH koI bhI dharma sAmAjika cetanA se vimukha hokara jIvita nahIM raha sktaa| yaha satya hai ki nivartaka dharma vaiyaktika sAdhanA para bala dete haiM, kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki usameM sAmAjika cetanA kA abhAva hai aura sAmAjika jIvana kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke sambandha meM unameM koI dizA nirdezaka siddhAnta upalabdha nahIM hote haiM / yadyapi yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki nivartaka dharmoM meM sAmAjika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke sandarbha meM jo dRSTikoNa upalabdha hotA hai vaha vidhAyaka na hokara niSedhAtmaka hai / kintu isase usakI mUlyavattA meM koI antara nahIM AtA hai| vastutaH mukhyataH jainadharma aura sAmAnyatayA sabhI nivartaka dharmo kI sAmAjika upayogitA ( Social utility) kA samyak mUlyAMkana karane ke lie hameM usa samagra itihAsa ko dekhanA hogA jisameM bhAratIya cintana meM sAmAjika cetanA kA vikAsa huA hai / sAtha hI hameM bhAratIya cintana meM sAmAjika cetanA ke vikAsa kI kramika prakriyA ko bhI samajhanA hogaa| tabhI hama jaina aura bauddha dharma jaise nivartaka dharmoM kA sAmAjika samasyAoM ke samAdhAnaparaka sandarbha meM kyA yogadAna rahA, isakA samyak mUlyAMkana kara sakeMge / prAcInakAla meM bhAratIya cintana meM sAmAjika cetanA ke vikAsa ke tIna stara milate haiM - (1) vaidika yuga, (2) aupaniSadika (3) zramaNa yuga / sarvaprathama vaidika yuga meM janamAnasa meM sAmAjika cetanA ko jAgRta karane kA prayatna kiyA gyaa| vadika RSi saphala evaM sahayogapUrNa sAmAjika jIvana ke lie abhyarthanA karate hue kahatA thA ki saMgacchadhvaM saMvadadhvaM saM vo manAMsi jAnatAm (Rgveda 10 / 19102) tuma yuga aura 1. jaina dharma kA prANa, pR0 56-56 2. Ethical Studies, F. H. Bradely, pR0 223 40 DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ milakara calo, milakara bolo, tumhAre mana sAtha-sAya vicAra kareM" arthAt tumhAre jIvana vyavahAra meM sahayoga, tumhArI vANI meM samasvaratA aura tumhAre vicAroM meM samAnatA ho| Age punaH vaha kahatA hai : samAno mantraH samitiH samAnI, samAnaM manaH sahacittameSAm / samAnI va AkUtiH samAnA hRdayAni vH|| samAnamastu vo mano yathA vaH susahAsati / / (Rgveda 10 / 16113-4) "Apa sabake nirNaya samAna hoM, Apa sabakI sabhA bhI sabake lie samAna ho, arthAt sabake prati samAna vyavahAra kreN| ApakA mana bhI samAna ho aura ApakI citta-vRtti bhI samAna ho, Apake saMkalpa eka hoM, Apake hRdaya eka hoM, ApakA mana bhI eka-rUpa ho tAki Apa milajala kara acchI taraha se kArya kara ske|" sambhavataH sAmAjika jIvana evaM samAja-niSThA ke pariprekSya meM vaidika yuga ke bhAratIya cintana ke ye mahattvapUrNa udagAra haiM / vaidika RSiyoM kA kRNvatau vizvamAryam ke rUpa meM eka susabhya evaM susaMskRta mAnava-samAja kI racanA kA mizana tabhI saphala ho sakatA thA jabaki ve jana-jana meM samAja-niSThA ke bIja kA vapana krte| sahayogapUrNa jIvana-zailI unakA mUla maMtavya thaa| pratyeka avasara para zAMti-pATha ke mAdhyama se ve jana-jana meM samAjika cetanA ke vikAsa kA prayAsa karate the| ve apane zAMti-pATha meM kahate the: OM sahanAvavatu saha no bhunaktu sahavIrya karavAvahai, tejasvi nAvadhItamastu mA vidvissaavhai| (taittarIya AraNyaka 8 / 2) "hama saba sAtha-sAtha rakSita hoM, sAtha-sAtha poSita hoM, sAtha-sAtha sAmarthya ko prApta hoM, hamArA adhyayana tejasvI ho, hama Apasa meM vidveSa na kreN|" aupaniSadika RSi 'ekastathA sarvabhUtAntarAtmA', 'sarva khalvidaM brahma' tathA 'IzAvAsyamidaM sarvam' ke rUpa meM ekatva kI anubhUti karane lgaa| aupaniSadikacintana meM vaiyaktikatA se Upara uThakara sAmAjika ekatA ke lie abheda-niSThA kA sarvotkRSTa tAtvika AdhAra prastuta kiyA gyaa| bhAratIya darzana meM yaha abheda-niSThA hI sAmAjika ekatva kI cetanA evaM sAmAjika samatA kA AdhAra banI hai| IzAvAsyopaniSad kA RSi kahatA thA: yastu sarvANi bhUtAnyAtmanyevAnupazyati / - sarva-bhUteSu cAtmAnaM tato na vijugupsate // "jo sabhI prANiyoM ko apane meM aura apane ko sabhI prANiyoM meM dekhatA hai vaha apanI isa ekAtmA kI anubhUti ke kAraNa kisI se ghaNA nahIM karatA hai|" sAmAjika jIvana ke vikAsa kA AdhAra ekAtmatA kI anubhUti hai aura jaba ekAtmatA kI dRSTi kA vikAsa ho jAtA hai to ghaNA aura vidveSa ke tattva svata: samApta ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra jahAM eka ora aupaniSadika RSiyoM ne ekAtmatA kI cetanA ko jAgrata kara sAmAjika jIvana ke vinAzaka ghRNA evaM vidveSa ke tattvoM ko samApta karane kA prayAsa kiyA, vahIM dUsarI ora unhoMne sampatti ke vaiyaktika adhikAra kA nirasana kara IzvarIya sampadA arthAt sAmUhika sampadA kA vicAra bhI prastuta kiyaa| IzAvAsyopaniSad ke prArambha meM hI RSi kahatA hai : IzAvAsyamidaM sarva yatkica jagatyAM jgt| tena tyaktena bhuMjIthAH mAgadha kasyasviddhanam // (IzA0 11) arthAt isa jagat meM jo kucha bhI hai vaha sabhI IzvarIya hai, aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai, jise vaiyaktika kahA jA ske| isa prakAra zloka ke pUrvArddha meM vaiyaktika adhikAra kA nirasana karake samaSTi ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| zloka ke uttarArddha meM vyakti ke upabhoga evaM saMgraha ke adhikAra ko maryAdita karate hue kahA gayA ki prakRti kI jo bhI upalabdhiyAM haiM unameM dUsaroM (arthAt samAja ke dUsare sadasyoM) kA bhI bhAga hai| ata: unake bhAga ko chor3akara hI unakA upayoga karo, saMgraha yA lAlaca mata karo kyoMki sampatti kisI eka kI nahIM hai| sambhavataH sAmAjikatA kI cetanA ke vikAsa ke lie isase adhika mahattvapUrNa dUsarA kathana nahIM ho sakatA thaa| gAMdhIjI ne isa zloka ke sandarbha meM kahA thA ki yadi bhAratIya saMskRti kA sabhI kucha naSTa ho jAye, kintu yaha zloka bhI banA rahe to yaha akelA hI usakI abhivyakti meM samartha hai| 'tena tyaktena muMjIthAH' meM samagra sAmAjika cetanA kendrita dikhAI detI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jahAM vaidika yuga meM sAmAjika cetanA ke vikAsa ke lie sahayoga evaM sahajIvana kA saMkalpa upasthita kiyA gayA vahAM aupaniSadika yuga meM sAmAjika cetanA ko sudRr3ha banAne hetu dArzanika AdhAra prastuta kiye gye| jaina tattva cintana : Adhunika saMdarbha
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________________ use bauddhika AdhAra pradAna kiyA gayA aura ekatva kI anubhUti ko adhika vyApaka banAyA gyaa| kintu sAmAjika jIvana eka aisA jIvana hai, jo yathArtha kI bhUmi para khar3A hotA hai / jaba taka sAmAjika cetanA puSTa karane hetu samAnubhUti meM bAdhaka banane vAle tattvoM ko tathA sAmAjika saMracanA ko vikhaNDita karane vAle tattvoM ko dUra nahIM kiyA jAtA, taba taka eka saphala sAmAjika jIvana kI kalpanA yathArtha kI dharatI para nahIM utaratI / ataH jaina evaM bauddha paraMparAoM ne sAmAjika cetanA ke vikAsa meM jo yogadAna diyA vaha eka bhinna prakAra kA thaa| unhoMne sAmAjika saMbaMdhoM kI zuddhi kA prayatna kiyA tathA una saba bAtoM ko jo sAmAjika jIvana meM bAdhaka thIM yA jinake kAraNa sAmAjika jIvana meM kaTutA aura TakarAhaTa utpanna hotI thI, unheM dUra karane kA prayatna kiyaa| cAhe unake dvArA prastuta AdezoM aura upadezoM kI bhASA niSedhAtmaka ho kiMtu unhoMne una mUlabhUta doSoM ke parimArjana kA prayatna kiyA hai jo sAmAjika jIvana ko viSAkta aura kaTutApUrNa banAte the| vastutaH unakA yogadAna usa cikitsaka ke samAna hai jo bImArI ke mUlabhUta kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa kara unake nirAkaraNa ke upAya batAtA hai aura isa prakAra ve sAmAjika jIvana kI burAiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kara eka svastha sAmAjika jIvana kA AdhAra prastuta karate haiN| kyA nivRtti sAmAjika vimukhatA kI sUcaka hai ? vastutaH jaina dharma athavA bauddha dharma ko nivartaka paramparA kA poSaka mAnakara isa AdhAra para yaha mAna lenA ki unameM sAmAjika jIvana kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI upekSA kI gaI hai, sabase bar3I bhrAMti hogii| cAhe ve itanA avazya mAnate hoM ki vaiyaktika sAdhanA kI dRSTi se ekAkI jIvana lAbhaprada ho sakatA hai, kintu unakI spaSTa dhAraNA hai ki usa sAdhanA se prApta siddhi kA upayoga sAmAjika kalyANa kI dizA meM hI kiyA jAnA caahie| buddha aura mahAvIra kA jIvana svayaM isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki jJAna prApti ke pazcAt unhoMne saMgha kI sthApanA kI aura jIvana paryanta loka maMgala ke lie kArya karate rahe / vastuta: mahAvIra kI nivRtti, unake dvArA kiye jAne vAle sAmAjika kalyANa meM sAdhaka hI banI hai, bAdhaka nhiiN| vaiyaktika jIvana meM naitika stara kA vikAsa lokajIvana yA sAmudAyika jIvana kI prAthamikatA hai| mahAvIra sAmAjika kalyANa aura sAmAjika sevA kI AvazyakatA to mAnate the, kintu ve vyakti-sudhAra se samAja-sudhAra kI dizA meM Age bar3hanA cAhate the| vyakti samAja kI prathama ikAI hai, vaha sudharegA to hI samAja sudharegA / vyakti ke naitika vikAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa jo sAmAjika jIvana phalita hogA, vaha suvyavasthA aura zAnti se yukta hogA, usameM saMgharSa aura tanAva kA abhAva hogaa| jaba taka vyaktigata jIvana meM nivRtti nahIM AtI, taba taka sAmAjika jIvana kI pravRtti vizuddha nahIM ho sktii| apane vyaktigata jIvana kA zodhana karane ke lie rAga-dveSa ke manovikAroM aura asatkarmI pravRtti se nivRtti Avazyaka hai| jaba vyaktigata jIvana meM nivRtti AyegI, to jIvana pavitra aura nirmala hogA, aMta:karaNa vizuddha hogA aura taba jo bhI sAmAjika pravRtti phalita hogI vaha lokahitArtha aura lokamaMgala ke lie hogii| jaba taka vyaktigata jIvana meM saMyama aura nivRtti ke tattva na hoMge, taba taka saccA sAmAjika jIvana phalita hI nahIM hogaa| jo vyakti apane svArthoM aura apanI vAsanAoM kA niyaMtraNa nahIM kara sakatA, vaha kabhI sAmAjika ho hI nahIM sktaa| upAdhyAya amara muni ke zabdoM meM jaina darzana kI nivRtti kA marma yahI hai ki vyaktigata jIvana meM nivRtti aura sAmAjika jIvana meM pravRtti / lokasevaka yA janasevaka apane vyaktigata svArtho se dUra rahe, yaha jaina darzana kI AcAra saMhitA kA pahalA pATha hai| apane vyaktigata jIvana meM maryAdAhIna bhoga aura AkAMkSAoM se nivRtti lekara hI samAja kalyANa ke lie pravRtta honA jainadarzana kA pahalA nIti dharma hai|' sAmAjika naitikatA aura vyaktigata naitikatA paraspara virodhI nahIM hai| binA vyaktigata naitikatA ko upalabdha kiye sAmAjika naitikatA kI dizA meM Age nahIM bar3hA jA sakatA hai| caritrahIna vyakti sAmAjika jIvana ke lie ghAtaka hI hogA / ata: hama kaha sakate haiM ki jaina darzana meM nivRtti kA jo svara mukhara huA hai, vaha samAjavirodhI nahIM hai, vaha sacce arthoM meM sAmAjika jIvana kA sAdhaka hai| caritravAna vyakti aura vyaktigata svArthoM se Upara uThe hue vyakti hI kisI Adarza samAja kA nirmANa kara sakate haiM / vaiyaktika svArthoM kI pUrti ke nimitta jo saMgaThana yA samudAya banate haiM, ve sAmAjika jIvana ke sacce pratinidhi nahIM haiM, kyA cora, DAkU aura zoSakoM kA samAja, samAja kahalAne kA adhikArI hai ? samAja jIvana kI prAthamika AvazyakatA hai| vyakti apane aura parAye ke bhAva se tathA apane vyaktigata kSudra svArthoM se Upara uThe, cUMki jaina darzana hameM inhIM tattvoM kI zikSA detA hai, ata: vaha sacce arthoM meM sAmAjika hai, asAmAjika nahIM hai / jaina darzana kA nivRttiparaka honA sAmAjika vimukhatA kA sUcaka nahIM hai| azubha se nivRtti hI zubha meM pravRtti kA sAdhana bana sakatI hai| vaiyaktika jIvana meM nivRtti hI sAmAjika pravRtti kA AdhAra hai| tIrthaMkara namaskAra sUtra (namotthuNaM) meM tIrthaMkara ke lie lokanAtha, lokahitakara, lokapradIpa, abhaya ke dAtA Adi vizeSaNoM kA upayoga huA hai ve bhI jaina dRSTi kI loka maMgalakArI bhAvanA ko spaSTa karate haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kA pravacana evaM dharma-pravartana prANiyoM ke anugraha ke lie hotA hai, na ki pUjA yA satkAra ke lie| tIrthakara kI maMgalamaya vAk dhArA kA prasphuTana to loka kI pIr3A kI anubhUti meM hI rahA 1. amarabhAratI apraila, 1666, pR02 2. sUtrakRtAMga TIkA, 1/6/4 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ huA hai samicya loe kheyanne hi paveie' meM yaha suspaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki samasta loka kI pIr3A kA anubhava karake hI tIrthakara kI janakalyANI vANI prasphuTita hotI hai| yadi aisA mAnA jAya ki jaina sAdhanA kevala Atmahita, Atma-kalyANa kI bAta kahatI hai to phira tIrthakara ke dvArA tIrtha-pravartana yA saMgha saMcAlana kA koI artha hI nahIM raha jAtA kyoMki kevalya kI upalabdhi ke bAda unheM apane kalyANa ke lie kucha karanA zeSa hI nahIM rahatA hai| ataH mAnanA par3egA ki jaina sAdhanA kA Adarza mAtra AtmakalyANa hI nahIM, varan lokakalyANa bhI hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne Atmahita kI apekSA lokahita kI zreSThatA ko sadaiva hI mahattva diyA hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra sAdhanA kI sarvocca UMcAI para sthita sabhI jIvanamukta AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI dRSTi se, yadyapi samAna hI hote haiM, phira bhI jaina vicArakoM ne unakI AtmahitakAriNI aura lokahitakAriNI dRSTi ke tAratamya ko lakSya meM rakhakara unameM uccAvacca avasthA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| eka sAmAnya kevalI (jIvanamukta) aura tIrthaMkara meM AdhyAtmika pUrNatAeM to samAna hI hotI haiM, phira bhI tIrthaMkara ko lokahita kI dRSTi ke kAraNa sAmAnya kevalI kI apekSA zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| jIvanamuktAvasthA ko prApta kara lenevAle vyaktiyoM ke, unakI lokopakAritA ke AdhAra para tIna varga hote haiM--1. tIrthakara, 2. gaNaghara aura 3. sAmAnya kevlii| sAdhAraNarUpa meM kramazaH vizvakalyANa, varga-kalyANa aura vaiyaktika kalyANa kI bhAvanAoM ko lekara tadanukUla pravRtti karane ke kAraNa hI sAdhakoM kI ye vibhinna kakSAeM nirdhArita kI gaI haiM, jinameM vizvakalyANa ke lie pravRtti karane ke kAraNa hI tIrthakara ko sarvocca sthAna diyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra bauddha vicAraNA meM bodhisatva aura ahaMta ke AdarzoM meM bhinnatA hai, usI prakAra jaina sAdhanA meM tIrthaMkara aura sAmAnya kevalI ke AdarzoM meM tAratamya hai| ina sabake atirikta jaina sAdhanA meM saMgha (samAja) ko sarvopari mAnA gayA hai| saMghahita samasta vaiyaktika sAdhanAoM se bhI Upara hai, vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM to saMgha ke kalyANa ke lie vaiyaktika sAdhanA kA parityAga karanA bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya meM AcArya bhadrabAhu evaM kAlaka kI kathAeM isakA udAharaNa haiN| sthAnAMga sUtra meM jina dasa dharmoM kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, unameM saMgha dharma, gaNadharma, rASTradharma, nagara dharma, grAmadharma aura kuladharma kI upasthiti isa bAta kA sabala pramANa hai ki jaina dRSTi na kevala Atmahita yA vaiyaktika vikAsa taka sImita hai, varan usameM lokahita yA lokakalyANa kA ajasra pravAha bhI pravAhita ho rahA hai|' yadyapi jaina darzana lokahita, lokamaMgala kI bAta kahatA hai, lekina usakI eka zarta hai ki parArtha ke lie svArtha kA visarjana kiyA jA sakatA hai, lekina AtmArtha kA nhiiN| usake anusAra vaiyaktika bhautika upalabdhiyoM ko loka kalyANa ke lie samarpita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura kiyA bhI jAnA cAhie kyoMki ve hameM jagat se hI milI haiM, ve vastuta: saMsAra kI haiM, hamArI nahIM; sAMsArika upalabdhiyAM saMsAra ke lie haiM, ataH unakA lokahita ke lie visarjana kiyA jAnA caahie| lekina use yaha svIkAra nahIM hai ki AdhyAtmika vikAsa yA vaiyaktika naitikatA ko lokahita ke nAma para kuMThita kiyA jaave| aisA lokahita, jo vyakti ke caritra patana athavA AdhyAtmika kuMThana se phalita hotA ho, use svIkAra nahIM hai, lokahita aura Atmahita ke saMdarbha meM usakA svarNima sUtra hai Atmahita karo aura yathAzakya lokahita bhI karo, lekina jahAM Atmahita aura lokahita meM dvandva ho aura Atmahita ke kuThana para hI lokahita phalita hotA ho to vahAM AtmakalyANa hI zreSTha hai| Atmahita svArtha nahIM hai -yahAM hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki jaina dharma kA yaha Atmahita svArthavAda nahIM hai| Atma-kAma vastutaH niSkAma hotA hai, kyoMki usakI koI kAmanA nahIM hai ataH usakA svArtha bhI nahIM hotA / AtmArthI koI bhautika upalabdhi nahIM cAhatA hai| vaha to unakA visarjana karatA hai / svArthI to vaha hai jo yaha cAhatA hai ki sabhI loga usakI bhautika upalabdhiyoM ke lie kArya kreN| svArtha aura AtmakalyANa meM maulika antara yaha hai ki svArtha kI sAdhanA meM rAga aura rAgadveSa kI vRttiyAM kAma karatI haiM jabaki AtmakalyANa kA prAraMbha hI rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM ko kSINa karane se hotA hai| yathArtha Atmahita meM rAga-dveSa kA abhAva hai| svArtha aura parArtha meM saMgharSa kI sambhAvanA bhI tabhI taka hai jabaki unameM rAga-dveSa vRtti nihita ho / rAgAdi bhAva yA svahita kI vRtti se kiyA jAnevAlA parArtha bhI saccA lokahita nahIM hai, vaha to svArtha hI hai| jisa prakAra zAsana ke dvArA niyukta evaM prerita samAja-kalyANa adhikArI vastutaH lokahita kA kartA nahIM hai, vaha to vetana ke lie lokahita karatA hai| usI prakAra rAga se prerita hokara lokahita karane vAlA bhI sacce arthoM meM lokahita kA kartA nahIM hai, usake lokahita ke prayatna rAga kI abhivyakti, pratiSThA kI rakSA, yaza arjana kI bhAvanA yA bhAvI lAbha kI prApti ke hetu hI hote haiN| aisA parArtha vastutaH svArtha hI hai| saccA Atmahita aura saccA lokahita, rAga-dveSa se zUnya anAsakti kI bhUmi para prasphuTita hotA hai lekina usa avasthA meM na to apanA rahatA hai na parAyA kyoMki jahAM rAga hai vahIM 'merA' hai aura jahAM merA hai vahIM parAyA hai| rAga kI zUnyatA 1. AcArAMga, 1/4/1 2. dekhiye-yogabindu, 285-288 3. sthAnAMga, 10/760 jainatattva cintana : Adhunika saMdarbha
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________________ hone para apane aura parAye kA vibheda hI samApta ho jAtA hai| aisI rAga zUnyatA kI bhUmi para sthita hokara kiyA jAnevAlA Atmahita bhI lokahita hotA hai aura lokahita Atmahita hotA hai| donoM meM koI saMgharSa nahIM hai, koI dvaita nahIM hai| usa dazA meM to sarvatra Atma-dRSTi hotI hai jisameM na koI apanA hai, na koI parAyA hai| svArtha-parArtha kI jaisI samasyA yahAM rahatI hI nhiiN| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra svArtha aura parArtha ke madhya sabhI avasthAoM meM saMgharSa rahe, yaha Avazyaka nahIM / vyakti jaise-jaise bhautika jIvana se AdhyAtmika jIvana kI ora Upara uTha jAtA hai, vaise-vaise svArtha parArtha kA saMgharSa bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| jaina vicArakoM ne parArtha yA lokahita ke tIna stara mAne haiN| 1. dravya lokahita, 2. bhAva lokahita aura 3. pAramAthika lokahita 1. dravya lokahita-yaha lokahita kA bhautika stara hai| bhautika upAdAnoM jaise bhojana, vastra, AvAsa Adi tathA zArIrika sevA ke dvArA lokahita sevA karanA dravya lokahita hai| yaha dAna aura sevA kA kSetra hai / puNya ke nava prakAroM meM AhAra dAna, vastradAna, auSadhidAna Adi kA ullekha yaha batAtA haiM ki jaina darzana dAna aura sevA ke Adarza ko svIkAra karatA hai| jaina samAja ke dvArA Aja bhI jana-sevA aura prANI-sevA ke jo aneka kArya kiye jA rahe haiM, ve isake pratIka haiN| phira bhI yaha eka aisA stara hai jahAM hitoM kA saMgharSa hotA hai / eka kA hita dUsare ke ahita kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| ataH dravya lokahita ekAnta rUpa se AcaraNIya bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yaha sApekSa naitikatA kA kSetra hai / bhautika stara para svahita kI pUrNatayA upekSA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| yahAM to svahita aura parihita meM ucita samanvaya banAnA, yahI apekSita hai| 2. bhAva lokahita-lokahita kA yaha bhautika stara Upara sthira hai, jahAM para lokahita ke jo sAdhana haiM ve jJAnAtmaka yA caitanika hote haiN| isa stara para parArtha aura svArtha meM saMgharSa kI sambhAvanA alpatama hotI hai| maitrI, pramoda, karuNA aura mAdhyastha kI bhAvanAeM isa stara ko abhivyakta karatI haiN| 3. pAramArthika lokahita--yaha lokahita kA sarvocca stara hai, jahAM svahita aura parahita meM koI saMgharSa nahIM rahatA, koI iMta nahIM rhtaa| yahAM para lokahita kA rUpa hotA hai- yathArtha jIvana dRSTi ke sambandha meM mArgadarzana / viSamatA samasyA aura samatA samAdhAna : jainAgama sAhitya meM upalabdha nirdeza na kevala apane yuga kI sAmAjika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prastuta karate haiM apitu vartamAna yuga kI sAmAjika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM ve pUrNatayA sakSama haiN| vastusthiti yaha hai ki cAhe prAcIna yuga ho yA vartamAna yuga, mAnava samAja kI samasyAeM sabhI yugoM meM lagabhaga samAna rahI aura unakA samAdhAna bhI samAna rahA hai| vastuta: viSamatA hI samasyA hai aura samatA hI samAdhAna hai| mAnava samAja kI sabhI samasyAeM viSamatA janita haiN| viSamatAoM kA nirAkaraNa samatA ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai| isIlie jaina Agama AcArAMga dharma kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahatA hai ki samiyAye dhamme Ariye hi paveie (1/8/3) / arthAt Aryajana samatA ko hI dharma kahate haiN| samatA hI dharma hai aura viSamatA adharma hai| kyoMki vaha sAmAjika santulana ko bhaMga karatI hai| viSamatA cAhe vaha sAmAjika jIvana meM ho yA vaiyaktika jIvana meM, vaha vyakti aura samAja donoM ke lie duHkha aura pIr3A kA kAraNa banatI hai| samAja jIvana ke bAdhaka tattva rAga-dveSa--yadyapi yahAM yaha prazna upasthita ho sakatA hai ki isa viSamatA kA mUla kyA hai, jainAgama uttarAdhyayana meM viSamatA kA mUla rAga aura dveSa ke tattvoM ko mAnA gayA hai| rAga aura dveSa kI pravRttiyAM hI sAmAjika viSamatA aura sAmAjika saMgharSoM kA kAraNa banatI hai| sAmAjika sambandhoM kI viSamatA ke mUla meM vyakti kI rAga aura dveSa kI bhAvanAyeM hI kAma karatI haiN| sAmAnyatayA rAga dveSa kA sahagAmI hotA hai| jaba taka sambandha rAga-dveSa ke AdhAra para khar3e hote haiM, taba taka ina sambandhoM meM viSamatA svAbhAvika rUpa se upasthita rahatI hai| jaba rAga kA tattva dveSa kA sahagAmI hokara kAma karane lagatA hai to pArasparika sambandhoM meM saMgharSa aura TakarAhaTa prArambha ho jAtI hai| rAga ke kAraNa merA' yA mamatva kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai| mere sambandhI, merI jAti, merA dharma, merA rASTra ye vicAra vikasita hote haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa bhAI-bhatIjAvAda, jAtivAda, sAmpradAyikatA aura rASTravAda kA janma hotA hai| Aja ke hamAre sumadhura sAmAjika sambandhoM meM ye hI tattva sabase adhika bAdhaka haiN| ye manuSya ko pArivArika, jAtIya, sAmpradAyika aura rASTrIya kSudra svArthoM se hameM Upara uThane nahIM dete haiM / yahI Aja kI sAmAjika viSamatA ke mUla kAraNa haiN| sAmAjika saMgharSoM kA mUla 'sva' kI saMkucita sImA hai| vyakti jise apanA mAnatA hai, usake hita kI kAmanA karatA hai aura jise parAyA mAnatA hai usake hita kI upekSA karatA hai| sAmAjika jIvana meM zoSaNa, krUra vyavahAra, ghRNA Adi sabhI unhIM ke prati kie jAte haiM, jinheM hama apanA nahIM mAnate haiN| hameM apanI rAgAtmakatA yA mamatva vRtti kA pUrNatayA visarjana kiye binA apekSita naitika evaM sAmAjika 1. abhidhAna rAjendra, khaNDa 5, pR0667 44 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ 111 jIvana kA vikAsa nahIM ho sktaa| vyakti kA 'sva' cAhe vaha vyaktigata jIvana, pArivArika jIvana yA rASTra kI sImA taka vistRta ho, hameM svArtha bhAvanA se Upara nahIM uThane detaa| svArtha vRtti cAhe vaha parivAra ke prati ho yA rASTra ke prati, samAna rUpa se naitikatA evaM sAmAjikatA kI virodhI hI siddha hotI hai| usake hote hue saccA naitika evaM sAmAjika jIvana phalita nahIM ho sktaa| muni nathamalajI likhate haiM ki "parivAra ke prati mamatva kA saghana rUpa jaise jAti yA rASTra ke prati baratI jAne vAlI anaitikatA kA niyamana nahIM karatA vaise hI jAti yA rASTra ke prati mamatva antarrASTrIya anaitikatA kA niyAmaka nahIM hotaa| mujhe lagatA hai ki rASTrIya anaitikatA kI apekSA antarrASTrIya anaitikatA kahIM adhika hai| jina rASTroM meM vyAvahArika saccAI hai, prAmANikatA hai, ve bhI antarrASTrIya kSetra meM satya-niSTha aura prAmANika nahIM hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vyakti kA jIvana jaba taka rAga yA mamatva se Upara nahIM uThatA, taba taka sAmAjika sadbhAva aura sAmAjika saMgharSo kA nirAkaraNa sambhava hI nahIM hotA / rAgayukta naitikatA cAhe usakA AdhAra rASTra hI kyoM na hoM, sacce arthoM meM naitikatA nahIM ho sakatI / saccA sAmAjika jIvana vItarAga avasthA meM hI sambhava ho sakatA hai aura jaina darzana isI vItarAga jIvana dRSTi ko hI apanI sAdhanA kA AdhAra banAtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vaha sAmAjika jIvana ke lie eka vAstavika AdhAra prastuta karatA hai / yahI eka aisA AdhAra hai jisa para sAmAjika naitikatA ko khar3A kiyA jA sakatA hai aura sAmAjika jIvana vaiSamyoM ko samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| sarAgatA kabhI bhI sumadhura sAmAjika sambandhoM kA nirmANa nahIM kara sakatI hai| rAgAtmakatA ke AdhAra para khar3A sAmAjika jIvana asthAyI hI hogaa| isa prakAra jaina darzana ne vItarAgatA ko jIvana kA Adarza svIkAra karake vastutaH eka sudRr3ha sAmAjika jIvana ke lie eka AdhAra prastuta kiyA hai / sthAyI saMbhavataH yahAM yaha prazna upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki rAga ke abhAva meM sAmAjika sambandhoM ko jor3ane vAlA tattva kyA hogA ? rAga ke abhAva meM to sAre sAmAjika sambandha caramarA kara TUTa jAeMge / rAgAtmakatA hI to hameM eka dUsare se jor3atI hai ataH rAga sAmAjika jIvana kA eka Avazyaka tattva hai| kintu merI apanI vinamra dhAraNA meM jo tattva vyakti ko vyakti se yA samAja se jor3atA hai vaha rAga nahIM hai / tattvArtha sUtra 'meM isa bAta kI carcA upasthita kI gaI hai ki vibhinna dravya eka dUsare kA sahayoga kisa prakAra karate haiN| unameM jahAM pudgala dravyoM ko jIva dravya kA upakAraka kahA gayA hai vahIM jIva ko mAtra dUsare jIvoM kA upakAraka kahA gayA hai| parasparopagraho jIvAnAm tattvArtha sUtra 5 / 21 cetanAsattA yadi kisI kA upakAra yA hita kara sakatI hai to vaha cetana sattA kA hI kara sakatI hai| isa prakAra pArasparika hita sAdhana yaha prANIya svabhAva hai aura yaha pArasparika hitasAdhana kI svAbhAvika vRtti hI manuSya kI sAmAjikatA kA AdhAra hai / isa svAbhAvika vRtti ke vikAsa ke do AdhAra haiM eka rAgAtmakatA aura dUsarA viveka / rAgAtmakatA hameM kahIM jor3atI hai to kahIM se tor3atI bhI hai| isa prakAra rAgAtmakatA ke AdhAra para jaba hama kisI ko apanA mAnate haiM to usake virodhI ke prati 'para' kA bhAva bhI A jAtA hai, rAga dveSa ke sAtha hI jItA hai ve aise jur3avA zizu haiM eka sAtha utpanna hote haiM, eka sAtha jIte haiM aura eka sAtha marate bhI haiN| jahAM rAga jor3atA hai to dveSa tor3atA hai / rAga ke AdhAra para jo bhI samAja khar3A hogA to anivArya rUpa se vargabheda aura varNabheda rahegA hii| saccI sAmAjika cetanA kA AdhAra rAga nahIM viveka hogaa| viveka ke AdhAra para dAyitvabodha evaM kartavyabodha kI cetanA jAgRta hogii| rAga kI bhASA adhikAra kI bhASA hai jabaki viveka kI bhASA karttavya kI bhASA hai| jahAM kevala adhikAroM kI bAta hotI hai vahAM kevala vikRta sAmAjikatA hotI hai / svastha sAmAjikatA adhikAra kA nahIM, kartavya kA bodha karAtI hai aura aisI sAmAjikatA kA AdhAra "viveka" hotA hai, kartavya bodha hotA hai| jaina dharma aisI hI sAmAjika cetanA ko nirmita karanA cAhatA hai| jaba viveka hamArI sAmAjika cetanA kA AdhAra banatA hai to mere aura parAye kI cetanA samApta ho jAtI hai| sabhI Atmavata hote hai| jaina dharma ne ahiMsA ko apane dharma kA AdhAra mAnA hai usakA AdhAra yahI Atmavat dRSTi hai / dUsare isa sAmAjika sambandha meM vyakti kA ahaMkAra bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa kArya karatA hai| zAsana kI icchA yA Adhipatya kI bhAvanA isake pramukha tattva haiM, inake kAraNa bhI sAmAjika jIvana meM viSamatA utpanna hotI hai| zAsaka aura zAsita athavA jAtibheda evaM raMgabheda Adi kI zreSThatA ke mUla meM yahI kAraNa hai| vartamAna DhaMga meM bar3e rASTroM meM jo apane prabhAvaka kSetra banAne kI pravRtti hai, usake mUla meM bhI apane rASTrIya ahaM kI puSTi kA prayatna hai / svatantratA ke apahAra kA prazna isI sthiti meM hotA hai| jaba vyakti meM Adhipatya kI vRtti yA zAsana kI bhAvanA hotI hai to vaha dUsare ke adhikAroM kA hanana karatA hai| jaina darzana ahaMkAra (mAna) pratyaya ke vigalana ke dvArA sAmAjika jIvana meM parataMtratA ko samApta karatA hai| dUsarI ora jaina darzana kA ahiMsA siddhAnta bhI sabhI prANiyoM ke samAna adhikAroM ko svIkAra karatA hai / adhikAroM kA hanana eka prakAra kI hiMsA hai| ataH ahiMsA kA siddhAnta svataMtratA ke sAtha jur3A huA hai| jaina evaM bauddha darzana jahAM eka ora ahiMsA ke siddhAMta ke AdhAra para vyaktigata svataMtratA kA samarthana karate haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora prANIya samatA ke AdhAra para varNabheda, jAtibheda evaM UMca-nIca kI bhAvanA ko samApta karate haiM / 1. naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa, pU0 3-4 jaina tatva cintana Adhunika saMdarbha : 45
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________________ sAmAjika jIvana meM viSamatA se utpanna hone ke cAra mUlabhUta kAraNa hote haiM - ( 1 ) saMgraha (lobha) (2) Aveza (krodha) (3) garva ( bar3A mAnanA) aura (4) mAyA (chipAnA ) / jinheM jaina dharma meM cAra kaSAya kahA jAtA hai, yahI cAroM alaga-alaga rUpa meM sAmAjika jIvana meM viSamatA, saMgharSa evaM azAnti ke kAraNa banate haiM / ( 1 ) saMgraha kI manovRtti ke kAraNa zoSaNa, aprAmANikatA, svArthapUrNa vyavahAra, krUra vyavahAra, vizvAsaghAta Adi vikasita hote haiM / (2) Aveza kI manovRtti ke kAraNa saMgharSa, yuddha AkramaNa evaM hatyAeM Adi hote haiN| ( 3 ) garva kI manovRtti ke kAraNa ghRNA, aura krUra vyavahAra hotA hai| isI prakAra mAyA kI manovRtti ke kAraNa avizvAsa utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina darzana meM jinheM cAra kapAya kahA jAtA hai, unhIM ke kAraNa sArA sAmAjika jIvana dUSita hotA hai| jaina darzana inhIM kaSAyoM ke nirodha ko apanI naitika sAdhanA kA AdhAra banAtA hai| ataH yaha kahanA ucita hogA ki jaina darzana apane sAdhanA mArga ke rUpa meM sAmAjika viSamatAoM ko samApta kara, sAmAjika samatva kI sthApanA kA prayatna karatA hai| yadi hama jaina dharma meM svIkRta pAMca mahAvratoM ko dekheM to spaSTa rUpoM se unakA pUrA sandarbha sAmAjika jIvana hai| hiMsA, mudAvacana, porI, vyabhicAra evaM saMgrahavRtti sAmAjika jIvana kI burAiyAM haiN| inase bacane ke lie pAMca mahAvratoM ke rUpa meM jina naitika sadguNoM kI sthApanA kI gaI ve pUrNata: sAmAjika jIvana se sambandhita haiM | praznavyAkaraNa sUtra spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki pAMcoM mahAvrata sarva prakAra se lokahita ke lie hI hai (2/6/22 ) / jaina dharma meM samAja ke Arthika vaiSamya ke nirAkaraNa kA sUtra -- Arthika vaiSamya vyakti aura bhautika jagat ke sambandhoM se utpanna huI viSamatA hai| cetanA kA jaba bhautika jagat se sambandha hotA hai to use aneka vastueM apane prANamaya jIvana ke lie Avazyaka pratIta hotI haiM / yahI AvazyakatA jaba Asakti meM badala jAtI hai to eka ora saMgraha hotA jAtA hai, dUsarI ora saMgraha kI lAlasA bar3hatI jAtI hai, isI se sAmAjika jIvana meM Arthika viyamatA ke bIja kA vapana hotA hai / jaise jaise eka ora saMgraha bar3hatA hai, dUsarI ora garIbI bar3hatI hai aura pariNAma svarUpa Arthika vaiSamya bar3hatA jAtA hai| Arthika vaiSamya ke mUla meM saMgraha bhAvanA hI adhika hai / upAdhyAya amaramuni jI likhate haiM ki "garIbI svayaM meM koI samasyA nahIM, kintu pahAr3oM kI asIma UMcAiyoM ne isa dharatI para jagaha-jagaha gaDDe paidA kara diye haiN| pahAr3a TUTeMge to gaDDhe apane Apa bhara jAyeMge sampatti kA visarjana hogA, to garIbI apane Apa dUra haTa jaaegii|"" vastutaH AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki vyakti meM parigraha ke visarjana kI bhAvanA udbhUta ho / parigraha ke visarjana se hI Arthika vaiSamya samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaba taka saMgraha kI vRtti samApta nahIM hotI, Arthika samatA nahIM A sakatI / Arthika vaiSamya kA nirAkaraNa asaMgraha kI vRtti se hI sambhava hai aura jaina darzana apane apariha ke siddhAnta ke dvArA isa Arthika vaSamya ke nirAkaraNa kA prayAsa karatA hai| jaina dharma meM gRhastha jIvana ke lie parigraha evaM upabhoga- paribhoga ke sImAMkana kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, jo Arthika vaiSamya ke nirAkaraNa kA eka pramukha sAdhana ho sakatA hai| Aja hama jisa samAjavAda evaM sAmyavAda kI carcA karate haiM, usakA dizA-saMketa mahAvIra ne apane vrata vidhAna meM kiyA thaa| jaina darzana sampadA ke utpAdana para nahIM apitu usake aparimita saMgraha aura upabhoga para niyantraNa lagAtA hai / Arthika vaiSamya kA nirAkaraNa anAzakti aura aparigraha kI sAdhanA ke dvArA hI sambhava hai| yadi hama sAmAjika jIvana meM Arthika samAnatA kI bAta karanA cAhate haiM to hameM vyaktigata upabhoga evaM sampatti kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa karanA hI hogA / aparigraha kA visarjana hI Arthika jIvana meM samatva kA sRjana kara sakatA hai| jaina darzana kA parigraha siddhAnta isa sambandha meM paryApta siddha hotA hai| vartamAna yuga meM mArksa ne Arthika vaiSamya ko dUra karane kA jo siddhAnta sAmyavAdI samAja ke racanA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA, vaha yadyapi Arthika viSamatAoM ke nirAkaraNa kA eka mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai, lekina usakI mUlabhUta kamI yahI hai ki vaha mAnava samAja para Upara se thopA jAtA hai, usake antara sahaja ubhArA nahIM jAtA hai| jisa prakAra bAhya davAoM se vAstavika naitikatA prakaTa nahIM hotI, usI prakAra kevala kAnUna ke bala para lAyA gayA Arthika sAmya sacce Arthika samatva kA prakaTana nahIM karatA hai / ataH AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki manuSya meM svataH hI tyAga kI vRtti kA udaya ho aura vaha svecchA se hI sampatti ke visarjanakI dizA meM Age Ave / bhAratIya paramparA aura vizeSakara jaina paramparA na kevala sampatti ke visarjana kI bAta karatI hai varan usake samavitaraNa para bhI jora detI hai| hamAre prAcIna sAhitya meM dAna ke sthAna para saMvibhAga zabda kA hI adhika prayoga huA hai| jo yaha batAtA hai ki jo kucha hamAre pAsa hai, usakA samavibhAjana karanA hai| mahAvIra kA udghoSa ki "asaMvibhAgI NAhu tassa mokkho" spaSTa batAtA hai ki jaina darzana Arthika viSamatA ke nirAkaraNa ke lie samavitaraNa kI dhAraNA ko pratipAdita karatA hai| jaina darzana ke ina siddhAntoM ko yadi unhIM yugIna sandarbhoM meM navIna dRSTi se upasthita kiyA jAya to samAja kI Arthika samasyAoM kA nirAkaraNa khojA jA sakatA hai| vartamAna yuga meM bhraSTAcAra ke rUpa meM samAja ke Arthika kSetra meM jo burAI panapa rahI hai, usake mUla meM bhI yA to vyakti kI 1. naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa, pR0 2 2. jaina prakAza, 8 apraila 1966, pR0 1 46 AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana pantha
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________________ saMgrahecchA hai yA bhogecchaa| bhraSTAcAra kevala abhAvajanita bImArI nahIM hai, varan vaha eka mAnasika bImArI hai jisake mUla meM saMgrahecchA evaM bhogecchA ke kITANu rahe hue haiM / vastutaH vaha AvazyakatAoM ke kAraNa nahIM varan tRSNA ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai / AvazyakatAoM kA nirAkaraNa padArthoM ko upalabdha karake kiyA jA sakatA hai lekina isa tRSNA kA nirAkaraNa padArthoM ke dvArA saMbhava nahIM hai| tRSNAjanita vikRtiyAM kevala anAsakti dvArA hI dUra kI jA sakatI haiN| hamAre vartamAna yuga kI pramukha kaThinAI yaha hai ki hameM sAmAnya jIvana jIne ke sAdhana upalabdha nahIM athavA unakA abhAva hai, varan kaThinAI yaha ki Aja kA mAnava tRSNA se itanA adhika grasita hai ki vaha eka acchA sukhada evaM zAntipUrNa jIvana nahIM jI sktaa| kisI sImA taka hama yaha bhI mAna leM ki abhAva ke kAraNa Arthika-bhraSTAcAra kA janma hotA hai to jahAM taka kRtrima abhAva kA prazna hai vaha kucha vyaktiyoM ke dvArA kiye gaye avaidha saMgraha kA pariNAma hai| kintu jaina nIti darzana ne gRhastha sAdhaka ke anarthadaNDa viramaNa vrata meM upabhoga ke padArthoM ke anAvazyaka saMgraha ko niSiddha ThaharAyA hai| dUsare yadi abhAva vAstavika bhI ho to upabhoga kA niyantraNa karake dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| jisake lie upabhoga-paribhoga maryAdA nAmaka vrata kA vidhAna hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana parigraha aura upabhoga ke parisImana ke dvArA samAja meM vyApta Arthika viSamatA kI samApti kA sUtra prastuta karatA hai| jaina dharma hamAre sAmAjika jIvana se sambandhita hai| jaina AcAra darzana uparyukta tInoM viSamatAoM ke nirAkaraNa ke lie apane AcAra darzana meM tIna siddhAnta prastuta karatA hai / sAmAjika vaiSamya ke nirAkaraNa ke liye usane ahiMsA evaM sAmAjika samatA kA siddhAnta prastuta kiyA hai / Arthika vaiSamya ke nirAkaraNa ke lie vaha parigraha evaM upabhoga ke parisImana kA siddhAnta prastuta karatA hai| isI prakAra bauddhika evaM vaicArika saMgharSoM ke nirAkaraNa ke lie anAgraha aura anekAnta siddhAnta prastuta kiye gaye haiN| ye siddhAnta kramazaH sAmAjika samatA Arthika samatA aura vaicArika samatA kI sthApanA karate haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki darzana sAmAjika jIvana se viSamatAoM ke nirAkaraNa aura samatva ke sRjana ke lie eka aisI AcAra vidhi prastuta karatA hai jisake samyak paripAlana se sAmAjika jIvana meM saccI zAnti aura vAstavika sukha kA lAbha prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| usane sAmAjika jIvana se sambandhoM ke zuddhikaraNa para adhika bala diyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki usake dvArA prastuta sAmAjika Adeza apanI prakRti meM niSedhAtmaka adhika pratIta hote haiM yadyapi vidhAyaka sAmAjika AdezoM kA usameM pUrNa abhAva nahIM hai| usake kucha pramukha sAmAjika Adeza nimna haiM niSThA sUtra : 1. sabhI AtmAyeM svarUpataH samAna haiM, ata: sAmAjika jIvana meM UMca-nIca ke varga bheda yA varNa bheda khar3e mata kro| (uttarAdhyayana 12 // 37) 2. sabhI AtmAyeM samAna rUpa se sukhAbhilASi haiM, ataH dUsare ke hitoM kA hanana, zoSaNa yA apaharaNa karane kA adhikAra kisI ko nahIM hai| (AcArAMga // 2 // 3) sabhI ke sAtha vaisA vyavahAra karo jaisA tuma unase svayaM ke prati cAhate ho (samaNasuttaM 24) / 3. saMsAra meM prANiyoM ke sAtha maitrI bhAva rakho, kisI se bhI ghRNA evaM vidveSa mata rakho (samaNasuttaM 86) 4. guNIjanoM ke prati Adara bhAva aura dRSTajanoM ke prati upekSAbhAva rakho (sAmAyika pATha 1) 5. saMsAra meM jo duHkhI evaM pIr3ita jana haiM, unake prati karuNA aura vAtsalya bhAva rakho aura apanI sthiti ke anurUpa unheM sevA __ sahayoga pradAna karo (vahI 1) vyavahAra sUtraH upAsaka dazAMgasUtra evaM ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM varNita zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM evaM unake aticAroM se nimna sAmAjika AcAraniyama phalita haiM--- 1. kisI nirdoSa prANI ko bandI mata banAo arthAt sAmAnyajanoM kI svatantratA meM bAdhaka mata bno| 2. kisI kA vadha yA aMgabheda mata karo, kisI se bhI maryAdA se adhika kAma mata lo| 3. kisI kI AjIvikA meM bAdhaka mata bno| 4. pArasparika vizvAsa ko bhaMga mata kro| na to kisI kI amAnata har3apo aura na kisI ke rahasyoM ko prakaTa kro| 5. sAmAjika jIvana meM galata salAha mata do, aphavAha mata phailAo aura dUsaroM ke caritra-hanana kA prayAsa mata kro| jaina tattva cintana : Adhunika saMdarbha
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________________ 6. apane svArtha kI siddhi ke hetu asatya ghoSaNA mata kro| 7. na to svayaM corI karo, na cora ko sahayoga do, corI kA mAla bhI mata khriido| 8, vyavasAya ke kSetra meM nApa taula meM aprAmANikatA mata rakho aura vastuoM meM milAvaTa mata kro| 6. rAjakIya niyamoM kA ullaMghana aura rAjya ke karoM kA apavaMcana mata kro| 10. apane yauna sambandhoM meM anaitika AcaraNa mata kro| vaizyA-saMsarga, vaizyAvRtti evaM vaizyAvatti ke dvArA dhana arjana mata kro| 11. apanI sampatti kA parisImana karo aura use lokahitArtha vyaya kro| 12. apane vyavasAya ke kSetra ko sImita karo aura vajita vyavasAya mata kro| 13. apanI upabhoga sAmagrI kI maryAdA karo aura usakA ati saMgraha mata kro| 14. ve sabhI kArya mata karo, jinase tumhArA koI hita nahIM hotA hai kintu dUsaroM kA ahita sambhava ho arthAt anAvazyaka gapazapa, paranindA, kAma-kuceSTA, zastra-saMgraha Adi mata kro| 15. yathA sambhava atithiyoM kI, santajanoM kI, pIr3ita evaM asahAya vyaktiyoM kI sevA kro| anna, vastra, AvAsa, auSadhi Adi ke dvArA unakI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kro| kaSAya catuSTaya ke niSedha se nimna AcAra niyama phalita hote haiM16. krodha mata karo, sabase prema-pUrNa vyavahAra kro| 17. ahaMkAra mata karo apitu vinIta bano, dUsaroM kA Adara kro| 18. kapaTapUrNa vyavahAra mata karo varan vyavahAra meM nizchala evaM prAmANika rho| 16. avicArapUrNa kArya mata kro| 20. lobha yA Asakti mata rkho| uparyukta aura anya kitane hI AcAra niyama haiM jo jaina nIti kI sAmAjika sArthakatA ko spaSTa karate haiN| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki hama Adhunika sandarbha meM unakI vyAkhyA evaM samIkSA kareM tathA unheM yugAnukUla banAkara prastuta kreN| devapitakAryAbhyAM na pramaditavyam / mAtRdevo bhava / pitRdevo bhava / AcAryadevo bhava / atithidevo bhava / yAnyanavadyAni karmANi / tAni sevitavyAni / no itarANi / yAnyasmAkaM sucaritAni / tAni tvayopAsyAni // devakArya aura pitRkAryoM se pramAda nahIM karanA cAhiye / tU mAtRdeva (mAtA hI jisakA deva hai aisA) ho, pitRdeva ho, AcAryadeva ho aura atithideva ho / jo anindya karma haiM unhIM kA sevana karanA cAhiye-dUsaroM kA nhiiN| hamAre (hama gurujanoM ke) jo zubha AcaraNa haiM tujhe unhIM kI upAsanA karanI caahiye| taittirIyopaniSad, 1/11/2 48