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________________ sajjnasiMha mehatA 'sAthI' ema0e0 (1) hindI (2) jaina darzana (3) rAja-zAstra samAja vikAsa meM samatA darzana kI bhUmikA samatA kA artha- samatA kA mUla zabda sama hai jisakA artha hai samAnatA / jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM samAna dRSTi rakhakara, samAnatA kA vyavahAra karanA samatA hai| samatA kA viloma zabda viSamatA hai| viSamatA kI jananI mamatA hai| samatA yA samAnatA kI AvazyakatA jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM Avazyaka hai cAhe vaha AdhyAtmika ho, rAjanaitika ho, Arthika ho yA sAmAjika ho / samatA kAraNa rUpa hai aura samAnatA usakA phala hai| viSamatA se mukta hone ke lie samatA dhAraNa kI jAve / samatA aura viSamatA donoM mAnava ke mana meM sthita hai, samatA dhAraNa kI jaave| samatA aura viSamatA donoM mAnava ke mana meM sthira hai, samatA mAnava kA mUla svabhAva hai aura viSamatA Amantrita hai, AyAtita hai, vibhAva dazA hai| vartamAna yuga- mAnava viSamatA evaM tanAva meM jI rahA hai| sampUrNa vizva viSamatA ke ghere meM phaMsatA jA rahA hai| vyakti tanAva grasta hai, viSamatA kI paridhi meM trasta hai| viSamatA kA sAmrAjya sarvatra vyApta hai| viSamatA kA vistAra vyakti se prAraMbha hokara parivAra, samAja, rASTra evaM sampUrNa vizva meM ho cukA hai| isa viSamatA ke aneka kAraNa ho sakate haiM, parantu pramukha kAraNa mAnava kI mamatA, mUrcchA, rAga-dveSa hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mUrcchA ko parigraha kahA hai 'mUcchApariggaho butto' bhautika cakAcauMdha aura ApAdhApI ke isa viSama vAtAvaraNa meM pratyeka mAnava Aja arthopArjana kI hor3a meM daur3a rahA hai ataH tanAva grasta hai, du:khI hai| kisI kavi ne kahA hai godhana, gajadhana, vAjidhana aura ratana dhana khAna / jaba Ave santoSa dhana saba dhana dhUli samAna / / santoSa ke abhAva meM Aja mAnava duHkhI hI nahIM mahAduHkhI hai / viSamatA kI isa vibhISikA meM samatA hI eka mAtra sukha kA AdhAra hai| pArivArika sukha ko naSTa karatI huI yaha viSamatA Age apane paira pasAratI hai to isakA prabhAva samAja, rASTra aura vizva taka vyApta ho jAtA hai jisase pArasparika bhedabhAva evaM pakSapAta kI dIvAreM taiyAra ho jAtI haiM, kadama-kadama para patana ke garta taiyAra ho jAte haiN| Aja vizva sainyazakti kI hor3a meM bhI pIche nahIM hai| sabhI rASTra saMhAraka zastrAstra taiyAra karane kI hor3a meM hai / paramANu zAstrAstroM kA ambAra kaba kisa ghar3I vizva ko vinAza ke dvAra para khar3A kara de, koI patA nahIM / ataH aise viSama evaM saghana andhakAra pUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM samatA hI jyoti puMja banakara prakAza kara sakatI hai| samatA darzana kyA hai ? samabhAva, samatA, samAnatA para AdhArita vyakti se lekara vizva taka ke kalyANa ke vicAroM ko samatA darzana kahA jA sakatA hai| darzana kA eka artha hotA hai dekhanA / 'dRza' dhAtu se laTa pratyaya hone para 'darzana' zabda banatA hai, yaha dRzadhAtu cakSu se utpanna hone vAle jJAna kA bodha karAne vAlI hai / 1 darzana zabda kA sambandha dRSTi se hotA hai / dRzyate anena iti darzanam jisase dekhA jAya vaha darzana hai| 2 darzana kA eka artha zraddhA bhI hotA hai- 'tatvArtha zraddhAnaM samyag darzanam arthAt tatvoM para samyak zraddhA karanA samyag darzana hai / arastu ke anusAra 'darzana vaha vijJAna hai jo parama tatva ke yathArtha svarUpa kI khoja karatA hai| (Phylosophy is the science which investigates the nature of being as it is in itself) isa prakAra darzana kI aneka paribhASAe~ upalabdha haiM / yahA~ darzana kA artha siddhAnta se hai, vicAroM se hai| AdhyAtmika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika Adi sabhI kSetroM meM yathA yogya samAnatA, samatA kA vyavahAra karane ke siddhAnta ke vicAroM ko samatA darzana kaha sakate haiN| AdhyAtmika kSetra meM dekheM to bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA ki sabhI AtmAe~ samAna haiM arthAt sabhI AtmAoM meM sarvocca vikAsa saMpAdita karane kI zakti samAna rUpa se rahI huI hai kevala karmoM kA antara hai siddhA jaisA jIva hai jIva so hI siddha hoya / karma mela kA AMtarA samajhe biralA koya / / 0 aSTadazI / 830
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________________ yahI nahIM prabhu mahAvIra kA udghoSa hai ki AtmA hI paramAtmA hai- 'appA so parama appA' isa ucca pada ko prApta karane ke lie prabhu mahAvIra ne sabase pahale samyag dRSTi yA sama dRSTi banane kA upadeza diyA, mithyAdRSTi ko dUra kara samyag dRSTi banane kA viSama dRSTi se mukta ho sama dRSTi banane kA upadeza diyA hai| "viSamatA mithyA hotI hai aura samatA samyak "samatA ke praveza ko samyaktva kA zrI gaNeza kaha sakate haiN| jahA~ samyaktva kA zrI gaNeza hai, vahA~ samadRSTi kA vikAsa sambhava hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne samatA darzana kA vyavasthita siddhAnta vicAra evaM AcAra donoM rUpa meM saMsAra ke samakSa prastuta kiyaa| prabhu mahAvIra ke anusAra saMsAra ke samasta prANI samAna haiM, sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM ataH kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM kI jAve jIo aura jIne do kA siddhAnta prastuta kiyA hai| vicAra evaM AcAra meM samatA - AdhyAtmika kSetroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vicAra rUpa meM 'jIo aura jIne do' sabhI jIva samAna haiM kA siddhAnta diyA to AcAra rUpa meM sapta kuvyasana kA tyAga, zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata, sAdhu ke pAMca mahAvrata, samiti gupti ke pAlana kA vidhAna prastuta kiyA jisase vicAroM kI samatA pratyeka vyakti apanI kSamatA evaM zakti ke anusAra jIvana meM utAra ske| sapta kuvyasana haiM- (1) mAMsa bhakSaNa (2) madirA pAna (3) juA (4) corI (5) zikAra ( 6 ) parastrIgamana (7) vezyAgamana / pratyeka mAnava ko ina kuvyasanoM mukta rahane kA upadeza diyA zrAvaka ke vrata hai (1) sthUla prANAtipAta viramaNa vrata (2) sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNa vrata (3) sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa vrata (4) svadAra saMtoSa, paradAra vivarjana maithuna viramaNa vrata (5) parigraha parimANa vrata (6) dizA parimANa vrata (7) upabhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata (8) anarthA daNDa tyAga vrata (9) sAmAyika vrata (10) dezAvagAsika vrata (11) par3ipunna pauSadha vrata (12) atithi saMvibhAga vrata pA~ca mahAvrata hai (1) ahiMsA (2) satya (3) asteya (4) brahmacarya (5) aparigraha / vyakti apanI kSamatA ke anusAra zrAvaka ke vratoM kA yA sAdhu ke mahAvratoM kA pAlana kreN| T sAmAjika kSetra meM samatA darzana- sAmAjika stara para samAja ke sabhI sadasya samAna haiN| varNa, jAti pradeza Adi ke bheda se vyakti-vyakti ke madhya bheda kI dIvAra khar3I karanA sarvathA anucita hai| sAmAjika stara para sabhI samAna haiM, vikAsa ke avasara sabhI ke lie samAna hoM, yaha samatA darzana hai, prAcIna kAla meM sAmAjika stara para viSamatAe~ thIM, para samaya ke parivartana ke sAtha viSamatAoM ke baMdhana DhIle ho gaye sAmAjika samAnatA ke kSetra meM vartamAna meM kAphI vikAsa huA hai| I rAjanaitika kSetra meM samatA darzana- isa jagatI tala para lokatantra kA prAdurbhAva Agamana rAjanaitika kSetra meM samAnatA ke vikAsa meM eka mahatvapUrNa kadama hai| prAcIna kAla kI sAmrAjyavAdI lipsA, sAmantavAdI rAjatantra vistAravAdI rAjanIti ke bandhanoM ko prajAtantra ne zithila kiye| janatA kA janatA ke lie janatA dvArA zAsana prajAtantra yA lokatantra hai| loka tantra dvArA rAjanaitika samAnatA kI sthApanA huii| yaha eka saphala prayAsa hai, phira bhI ise pUrNa rUpa se rAjanaitika samAnatA nahIM kaha sakate haiM, abhI isameM sudhAra kI AvazyakatA hai| rAjanaitika kSetra meM sabhI ko samAnatA prApta ho, yaha samatA darzana hai| / Arthika samAnatA Arthika kSetra meM sabhI vyaktiyoM ko yA yogya samAnatA ke avasara prApta hoM, yaha Arthika samatA darzana hai| samaya ke parivartana ke sAtha Arthika kSetra meM bhI isa lakSya kI prApti ke lie prayAsa kiye gaye kArla mArksa ne sAmyavAda ke rUpa meM vizva meM nayA darzana prastuta kiyaa| isa kSetra meM bahuta kucha saphalatA bhI milii| parantu phira bhI vizva meM Arthika asamAnatA mu~ha phAr3e khar3I hai| samatA darzana ke anusAra Arthika samAnatA kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki saMsAra ke sabhI vyaktiyoM ke pAsa samAna sampatti ho, sampatti kA vitaraNa samAna ho, cAhe vaha parizramI ho yA niThallA ho, yogya ho yA ayogya ho, puruSArthI ho yA puruSArthahIna ho| isa prakAra kI samAnatA to mAnya evaM yogya nahIM hai| sabhI vyaktiyoM ko arthopArjana ke samAna avasara prApta hoM, yogyatA ke anusAra pArizramika diyA jAve, Arthika asamAnatA kI gaharI khAiyoM ko pATA jAve, vyakti kI kSamatA ke anusAra kArya liyA jAve, atyadhika Arthika viSamatA ko dUra kiyA jAve / pratyeka vyakti ko Avazka vastuoM kI ApUrti ho / sabhI ko zikSA evaM vikAsa ke samAna avasara upalabadha hoN| Arthika samAnatA ke kSetra meM vartamAna yuga meM bahuta pragati huI hai, phira bhI vizva meM viSamatA vidyamAna hai| eka ora jahA~ kucha deza evaM kucha vyaktiyoM ke pAsa dhana kA ambAra hai to dUsarI ora aise vyakti bhI hai jo mahAna artha saMkaTa meM hai, do samaya kA bhojana bhI unheM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| isa viSamatA ko dUra karanA Avazyaka hai jisake lie samatA darzana Avazyaka hai| - samAja kyA hai? sIdhI sAdI bhASA meM vyaktiyoM ke samUha ko samAja kahate haiN| samAja zAstriyoM ne samAja kI aneka paribhASAe~ prastuta kI haiN| pAThakoM ko paribhASAoM ke jAla meM na DAlakara maiM sIdhA isa viSaya para upasthita ho rahA hU~ ki samatA darzana sAmAjika vikAsa meM kisa prakAra sahayogI ho sakatA hai| samatA darzana ke bAre meM Upara maiMne bahuta saMkSepa meM kucha likhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| vistRta jAnakArI ke icchuka pAThakagaNa AcArya zrI nAneza kI pustaka 'samatA darzana evaM vyavahAra' par3hane kA kaSTa kreN| cha aSTadazI / 84
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________________ samatA darzana zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA diyA gayA jIvanopayogI siddhAnta hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne samatA ko dharma kahA hai| dharma vyakti ko tirAne vAlA hai| samAja vyaktiyoM se banatA hai vyakti ke utthAna se samAja kA utthAna hai aura vyakti ke patana se samAja kA patana hai| ata: samatA darzana samAja ko bhI tirAne vAlA hai| samAja vikAsa meM samatA darzana kI aham bhUmikA haisamatA darzana dvArA samAja meM vyApta viSamatAe~ samApta hoNgii| samatA darzana dvArA sampUrNa vizva meM zAMti evaM sukha kA sAmrAjya sthApita ho sakatA hai| AvazyakatA hai samatA darzana ko pratyeka vyakti samajhe, cintana kare evaM jIvana meM AcaraNa meM lAe, miThAiyoM ke nAma lene se, carcA karane se rasAsvAdana nahIM hotaa| rasAsvAdana to miThAiyoM ke samyag svarUpa ko samajhakara yathA samaya viveka pUrvaka khAne se hI sambhava hai| samatA darzana mAtra siddhAnta hI nahIM varan jIvana meM AcaraNa karane yogya hai| samatA darzana ke samyak svarUpa ko samajhakara jIvana meM utArane para vyakti kA jIvana unnata, sukhamaya, Adarza, hitakArI bana sakatA hai| yadi vyakti kA vikAsa hogA to samAja kA vikAsa svata: nizcita hai| samAja kA mUlyAMkana usake sadasyoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| vyakti samAja ke lie evaM samAja vyakti ke liejaba se vyakti ne akelApana chor3akara samUha meM anya sAthiyoM ke sAtha rahanA svIkAra kiyA hai, tabase sAmAjika vyavasthA kA vikAsa huA hai, taba se pArasparika sahayoga kI bhAvanA vikasita huI hai, sAmAjika vyavasthA kA zubhArambha huA hai, sahakAra evaM sahayoga kI bhAvanA jAgRta huI hai, ata: vyakti evaM samAja anyonyAzrita ho gaye haiN| samatA darzana pratyeka mAnava ke jIvana kA aMga bane to vyaktigata pArivArika evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM samatA ke saMcAra se sarvatra Ananda hI Ananda hogaa| vasudhaiva kuTumbakam kI kalpanA mUrta rUpa grahaNa kara skegii| samatA samRddhi, zAnti evaM zreSThatA kI pratIka hai| AcArya zrI nAneza ke zabdoM meM "anta meM yaha vizvAsapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki jo samatA kI sAdhanA karegA usakA svayaM kA jIvana to dhanya hogA hI kintu vaha samAja ke jIvana ko bhI dhanya bnaayegaa|" ata: yaha pUrNa vizvAsa ke sAtha kahA jA sakatA hai ki samAja vikAsa meM samatA darzana kI ahama bhUmikA hai| maiM yahA~ 'samatA' darzana aura vyavahAra' pustaka ke kucha aMza/uddharaNa prastuta karanA ucita samajhatA huuN| yathA 1. vizva darzana tabhI sArthaka hai jaba yoga draSTA apanI samartha dRSTi ke mAdhyama se sampUrNa dRzya ko samatAmaya banA ske| yathAvat svarUpa darzana se hI samatA kA svarUpa pratibhAsita ho skegaa| pRSTha saMkhyA 37 2. manuSya ke mana ke mUla meM rahI samatA jyoM-jyoM ubharatI jAyegI, vaha apane vyApaka prabhAva ke sAtha mAnava jIvana ko bhI ubhAratI jaayegii| use azAMti, duHkha, dainya evaM nikRSTatA ke cakravAta se bAhara nikAla kara yahI samatA use zAMti, sarvAMgINa samRddhi evaM zreSThatA ke sAMce meM ddhaalegii| pRSTha saMkhyA 28 3. bhAratIya saMskRti meM "vasudhaiva kuTumbakama" kI jo kalpanA kI gaI hai, use samatA patha para calakara hI sAkAra banAI jA sakatI hai| sAre vizva ko bar3A kuTumba mAna leM, use apanI sneha pUrNa AtmIyatA se raMga deM, to bhalA kyoM nahIM aisI zreSTha kalpanA sAkAra ho sakegI? pRSTha saMkhyA 89 4. samatA ke praveza ko samyaktva kA zrI gaNeza kaha sakate haiN| ata: sabase pahale samadRSTipanA Ave, yaha vAMchanIya hai, kyoMki samadRSTi jo bana jAyegA to vaha svayaM to samatA patha para ArUr3ha hogA hI kintu apane samyak saMsarga se vaha dUsaroM ko bhI viSamatA ke cakravyUha se bAhara nikaalegaa| isa prayAsa kA prabhAva jitanA vyApaka hogA utanA hI vyakti evaM samAja kA sabhI kSetroM meM calane vAlA vyavasthA krama sahI dizA kI ora parivartita hone lgegaa| pRSTha saMkhyA 42 5. yoga dRSTA kI samartha dRSTi vizva ke vizAla raMgamaMca para jahAM bhI par3egI, vaha samatatvoM kI zodha karegI tathA viSama tatvoM ko bhI samatA ke sAtha sama banAne meM nirata ho jaayegii| draSTA vahI yogya jo samatA ko apanI dRSTi meM samA le tathA dRSTi vahI samartha jo viSama ko bhI sama bnaade| yaha samatA mUlaka dharAtala hI saphala vizva darzana kI ora agrasara banatA hai| aisA pragatizIla dRSTA 'samadarzI' bana jAtA hai| pRSTha saMkhyA 30 6. mUla AvazyakatAeM hotI haiM- bhojana, vastra aura nivaas| yahI kAraNa hai ki samasta jIvanopAyegI padArthoM ke yathA vikAsa, yathAyogya vitaraNa para bala diyA jA rahA hai| yathA vikAsa evaM yathA yogya vitaraNa kA lakSya yaha hogA ki jisako apanI zarIra-dazA, dhaMdhe yA anya paristhitiyoM ke anusAra jo yogya rIti se cAhiye, vaisA use diyA jaay| yahI apane tAtparya meM samavitaraNa hogaa| pRSTha saMkhyA63 0 aSTadazI / 850